EP0551835B1 - Machine for placing sand or ballast between rails and railway understructure, and method for replacing the railway superstructure - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine contains a bridge above two bogies (3, 4) as well as, arranged under the bridge, lifting devices (20, 22) for raising the rails (2). The bridge is of self-supporting design over its entire length. A first conveying device (14) extends from one end of the bridge to approximately its centre. Following the latter, there is arranged horizontally and/or vertically pivotably under the bridge a second conveying device (42) in order to be able to deliver sand or ballast from a transport waggon onto the understructure with the rails raised. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a machine for installing sand or crushed stone between the substructure and the track with a bogie at the front in the working direction and a rear bogie, with a bridge mounted on the bogies, with lifting devices for the track, with conveyor devices, with distribution devices and compression devices and a method for converting the superstructure, possibly also the substructure or parts of the substructure of a web body.

There is a track-traveling machine for producing a sand layer running between the subgrade and the ballast bed according to DE-PS 32 27 725, in which a two-part bridge is used, the two bridge parts of which are articulated on a pivot pin and on this joint via a central bogie the track grate are supported. In this known machine, this joint of the bridge is designed as a lifting device, wherein pivoting of the two bridge parts raises the point of articulation and thus also the middle bogie and the track grating underneath by means of lifting devices attached to the middle bogie. Between this special lifting device and the rear bogie, there is a ballast excavation device in the known machine, which lifts the old ballast under the track grate and transports it forward in the working direction via conveyor belts. After the excavation device, a distributor device and a compressor device for the piled-up sand are provided between two track lifting tongs.

In the area of the rear bogie, a ballast belt is provided which releases a layer of ballast on the compacted sand, which is compacted by means of its own compressor devices.

Another version of the machine is designed such that it consists of a work vehicle and a special one Transport vehicle exists. For the work journey, the rear end of the bridge is virtually saddled onto the transport vehicle according to the working direction of the machine. The bogie arranged in this area of the bridge is also raised, so that the length of the track grate to be raised is increased so as not to exceed the permissible bending stress of the track grate. The lifting height of the platform is dependent on this, spanned by the bridge and limited by the length of the bogies. This restricted lifting height disadvantageously limits the space for the arrangement of the work equipment, such as the excavation equipment for the old bed or the leveling and compacting equipment for the sand. The excavation device, which consists of a clearing chain with an endless ballast chain, is height-adjustable on the bridge. A conveyor belt arrangement adjoins the excavation device and serves to remove the bedding material that has been taken up. The bedding material is loaded onto the transport devices for bulk goods moving in the working direction in front of the work vehicle. After the excavation device, a separate conveyor belt arrangement for sand and a separate conveyor belt arrangement for ballast are arranged in the work area of the work vehicle.

The conveying directions of the conveyor belt arrangement for sand or for gravel correspond to the working direction of the work vehicle. The conveyor belt arrangements are located essentially in the inner area of the bridge.

The conveyor belt arrangement for sand has a fixed conveyor belt. A pivotable individual conveyor belt is reached by means of a chute.

The discharge end of this individual conveyor belt is located between the clearing chain receiving part and the leveling device guided under the track, but above the track. Furthermore, the position of the pivotable individual conveyor belt is limited by the overhanging clearing chain receiving part.

The conveyor belt arrangement for ballast consists of a further individual conveyor belt, which is pivotably arranged under the fixed conveyor belt for sand, the discharge end of which ends above a chute-like outlet opening. A rail tunnel and a plow arrangement for distributing the ballast are assigned to the outlet opening. The plow arrangement in turn is followed either by a leveling device for crushed stone or a tamping unit. The conveyor belt arrangements for sand and gravel begin under the respective bunker, which is located on the transport vehicle following the work vehicle and is required for the intermediate storage of sand and gravel.

The machine has a track lifting and holding device directly behind the plow arrangement. The leveling device can be swiveled in laterally below the track and is articulated in a height-adjustable manner on the support frame.

With the machine described, a method for converting tracks is possible, which is essentially determined by the function of the machine.

The known machine thus realizes the lifting of the old ballast bed, the input of a new one in one work process - with the track slightly raised Sand layer, compacting the sand layer, building a new ballast layer, compacting the ballast layer and then laying down the track grate.

This known machine has a very large overall length due to the many work steps that are carried out with this machine, and the bridge is - because of the large number of work steps - formed in two parts with a middle support and lifting device. A major disadvantage of this machine is the complex structure.

In addition to the complex structure, the low working speed of this machine is particularly disadvantageous. The interplay of the work facilities must always be 100% guaranteed, otherwise the desired performance will not be achieved. Can e.g. the full excavation of the ballast bed and possibly still part of the formation can not be carried out with a work trip, then the other work equipment must be put out of operation during another work trip over the same track section.

An analogous problem arises if one work facility fails, the other work facilities also stand.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a machine of the type mentioned in such a way that it has a simple and robust structure at an increased working speed, and a method for converting the superstructure of a track body preferably for the purpose of increasing the maximum speed previously permitted for the track body to accomplish.

The machine must be able to be classified into the system of the track construction machine known per se, such as ballast bed cleaning machines, track tamping machines and transport devices.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the machine according to the preamble of the main claim in that the bridge is self-supporting over the entire length, that is to say is free of joints, and is not supported any further over its length. This is a major advantage, since the self-supporting bridge forms the basis for a particularly simple and robust construction of the machine.

It is also advantageous that the working field is located between a front and a rear lifting device for the track according to the working direction of the machine. The bedding material, sand or gravel, is continuously conveyed on a conveyor line of the machine to the material installation area between the substructure and the track. With the machine according to the invention, one work step - only the introduction of sand or only the introduction of ballast including the work associated therewith - is thus implemented, but this is carried out at a high working speed.

The conveyor line essentially consists of a first rigid, ie non-pivotably arranged and at least a second conveyor device which can be pivoted over the area of the superstructure, the bedding material being conveyed in the working direction of the machine and being delivered to the material installation area, but at changed execution the bedding material is conveyed against the working direction to the material installation area.

The first conveyor runs from the rear bogie to about the middle of the bridge.

A stationary transfer device, in particular a filling funnel, is arranged under the discharge end of this conveying device, to which the pivotable second conveying device connects. The working speed can be advantageously increased by arranging more than one swiveling conveying device and, if appropriate, the associated and particularly arranged pouring channels in the material installation area.

The effect of the second conveyor, which acts as a distribution device, can be improved by arranging an additional conveyor, which can be pivoted transversely to the working direction, under the hopper. The additional conveyor can be pivoted at its front end by means of a swivel arm.

The sand or the ballast is preferably continuously conveyed to the material installation area by endless conveyor belts, so that the sand or the ballast each form a quasi-homogeneous layer. The layers are sharply separated from one another and form a high-quality superstructure. It is particularly advantageous that other protective layers, for example made of setting mixtures or foils, can also be introduced before the sand or the ballast is introduced.

Through the optional arrangement of leveling devices and / or the compressor device before and / or after a material installation area, all formation levels can be leveled and compacted according to the requirements for the substructure and superstructure.

Through a further advantageous embodiment of the machine, i.e. by arranging a loosening device in front of the leveling device, it is achieved that uneven pre-consolidations, in particular the formation protection layer, which can occur due to the laying of the track on the formation or the respective formation protection layers, are eliminated.

Particularly preferably, a height-adjustable leveling plow is arranged opposite the working direction after the discharge end of the pivoting conveyor belt, which runs across the working width and the tip of the leveling plow is designed as a joint and / or has two telescopic sections so that the working width can be adjusted. The leveling plow is height-adjustable on hydraulically adjustable arms attached to the bridge. In the area of the leveling plow, namely above the leveling plow, a receiver is provided which responds to signals from a direction finding device, which is set up in front of the machine and points towards the receiver in the direction of the track.

The level of the leveling plow can be adjusted manually, if necessary also automatically, depending on the direction-finding signals received by the receiver, in order to plan the desired height of the material, either sand or gravel.

The compressor device following the leveling device according to the working direction of the machine is particularly preferably equipped with a plurality of spaced-apart soil compactors, which are preferably arranged in parallel rows with a fixed gap offset transversely to the working direction and in this way compact over a large area at high working speed.

The compressor device is arranged on the arms carrying the leveling device or on separate arms on the bridge and can be pivoted from a lower, forward-facing working position into a rearward-facing upper transport position.

Loose entrainment of the compressor device or suspension of the pre-seal device on a guide advantageously utilizes an inherent movement of the compressor device with respect to the machine in the work area. In order to achieve a uniform compaction of the formation or the formation protection layer, the working direction of the machine is cut by a continuously curved or an almost linearly oscillating working direction of the compressor device or the linearly oscillating working direction runs parallel to the working direction of the machine. The relative movements of the soil compactors in or against the working direction of the machine are not affected by the working speed of the machine.

Embankment compactors are particularly preferably provided on brackets on both sides of the machine, which additionally compact the slopes of the superstructure and ensure that the desired track body profile is maintained. The embankment compactors are particularly in the working direction arranged immediately in front of the rear bogie.

Each slope compactor contains at least one surface compactor.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the front bogie of the machine is part of a drive car. The bridge rests on a frame of the drive car over its bogie. The drive car may contain further bogies.

Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features of the subclaims.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine mit teilweise weggebrochenem Antriebswagen;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Antriebswagens mit einem vorderen Abschnitt der Brücke;

Fig. 3

eine Aufsicht auf den Arbeitsbereich der Maschine gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine Aufsicht auf den Arbeitsbereich der Maschine mit eigenangetriebenen Bodenverdichtern;

Fig. 5

einen Verfahrensablauf zur Sanierung eines vorhandenen Oberbaus;

Fig. 6

einen Aushub des Altschotters einschließlich einer Teilschicht des Unterbaus;

Fig. 7

einen stufenweisen Aushub des Oberbaus einschließlich einer Teilschicht des Unterbaus;

Fig. 8

eine Variante der Verdichtung einer aus Sand bestehenden Planumsschutzschicht; und

Fig. 9

eine Variante der Verdichtung einer aus Sand bestehenden Planumsschutzschicht.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of the machine according to the invention with the drive car partially broken away;

Fig. 2

a side view of the drive car with a front portion of the bridge;

Fig. 3

a plan of the working area of the machine according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

a supervision of the working area of the machine with self-propelled soil compactors;

Fig. 5

a procedure for the renovation of an existing superstructure;

Fig. 6

excavation of the old ballast including a sub-layer of the substructure;

Fig. 7

gradual excavation of the superstructure including a sub-layer of the substructure;

Fig. 8

a variant of the compaction of a formation protection layer consisting of sand; and

Fig. 9

a variant of the compaction of a formation protection layer consisting of sand.

1 to 4 show a machine for the installation of sand 5 or ballast between a formation 1 and a track 2. On the track 2 there is a front bogie 3 and a rear bogie 4. On the two bogies 3 and 4 there is a joint-free one , stiff in itself, ie self-supporting bridge 6 stored.

In the working area between the track lifting devices 20 and 22 connected to the bridge 6, a pivotable conveyor belt 42, a chute 40 lying transversely to the working direction, which is located above the material installation area, and a compacting device 30 are arranged in order to remove sand 5 or ballast from behind the rear Bogie 4 coupled transport device, ie to be taken up by the conveyor belt 100, to be conveyed by means of a first conveyor belt 14 to approximately the middle of the bridge 6, to be transferred to the pivotable second conveyor belt 42 via a stationary funnel 13 and to be distributed by means of the latter, then to be leveled and / or compacted.

1, the bridge 6 is self-supporting over its entire length and has a rear lifting device 20 for the track 2 in the working direction in front of the rear bogie 4, which is attached to the bridge 6 by hydraulic lifting arms and is known Way with lifting rollers 21 under the rail heads. Located in the working direction in front of the lifting device 20 for the track 2 a compactor device 30, which consists of two rows 32 and 34 of spaced-apart soil compactors 36 which run transversely to the working direction, the soil compactors 36 of the second row 34 having a transverse offset with respect to the soil compactors 36 of the first row 32 and thereby being set to a gap. The relative movement of the soil compactors compared to the machine is zero.

FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the compressor device 30, which in the embodiment shown consists of two guides 38 arranged essentially in the longitudinal direction of the machine and two soil compactors 36 movably arranged thereon. The guides 38 are articulated at one end 38a to the leveling device 60, the other end 38b is freely movable. The soil compactors 36 are displaceably guided along the guides 38 and move during operation along these guides when moving parts, for example a bottom plate subjected to vibration, compact the sand or gravel underneath. At the articulated end 38a of the guides 38, actuating cylinder / piston arrangements 39 are provided, which allow the guides 38 to be pivoted about their articulation point 38a. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the vibration of the base plate is generated by an eccentric rotating in the base compactor, which at the same time brings about the longitudinal displacement of the base compactor along the guide 38. This ensures that the soil compactors 36 work with a movement relative to the entire machine when compacting, while compacting sand prevents the soil compactors 36 from working too long in the same place and loosening the compacted sand underneath again.

Another advantage of the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is that the guides 38 can be set slightly outwards against the longitudinal direction or working direction of the machine, depending on the width of the track bed to be compacted, so that the working width of the compressor device 30 Width of the track bed can be adjusted. In addition, it is avoided that transverse troughs are formed, since the soil compactors 36 essentially overlap in the longitudinal direction of the machine.

A known vibrating screed can be used instead of surface compactors 36 especially for ballast compaction.

In the working direction in front of the compressor device 30, a leveling device 60 is designed as a leveling plow, which extends over the entire working width of the machine, the plow tip of which is designed as a joint and which consists of at least two telescopic horizontal sections 62 and 64 which are attached to arms 66 at their ends are, which in turn are articulated on the bridge 6. The compressor device 30 is also seated on the arms 66.

The leveling plow is height adjustable. There is a receiver 70 above the leveling plow, which responds to signals from a direction finder 72, which is set up sufficiently far in front of the machine in the working direction and determines the respective height of the sand or gravel layer to be applied. Depending on the direction-finding signals received, the leveling plow can be adjusted manually or automatically to an appropriate height.

A pivotable second conveyor belt 42 is arranged above the leveling plow and the compressor device 30, the discharge end of which - in the working direction - ends before the leveling plow via a pouring trough 40 arranged transversely to the working direction of the machine. By means of the pivotable conveyor belt 42, the bedding material to be dispensed, sand 5 or ballast, is distributed according to the required width of the formation protection layer or the ballast bed, then leveled by the leveling plow and then compacted by the compressor device 30. The chute 40 guides the bedding material into the sleeper compartments.

In the working direction in front of the chute 40 there is a front track lifting device 22, which is also arranged on the bridge 6 via hydraulically actuated lifting arms and engages under the rail heads by means of lifting rollers 21.

Immediately in front of the rear bogie 4, the receptacles for surface compactor 36 can be swung out in such a way that the embankment of the filled and leveled sand or gravel layer can be compacted with a surface compactor 36 arranged at the end of these receptacles.

The front bogie 3 of the machine, on which the front end of the bridge 6 is supported, is at the same time the rear bogie of the drive car 90, which - in the embodiment shown, compare in particular FIG. 2 - has another bogie 96 of its own and in addition to the Drive units also includes the control units for the machine.

The operation of the machine during work travel can include from the cabin 15 arranged on the bridge 6.

The working devices of the machine can be locked in the respective transport position below the bridge 6.

The compact arrangement of the work equipment under the bridge 6, in particular the compact arrangement of the pouring channel 40, the leveling plow and the compacting device 30, enables the high-quality installation of a level protection layer made of sand 5 and - in a second operation - a corresponding ballast bed is deposited on this level protection layer , in particular because of the advantageously arranged compressor device 30, a high working speed of the individual operations can be achieved.

A method for converting the superstructure of a web body is described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9. The track 2 is picked up and the old ballast 50 is removed up to the old planum 1a. The old ballast 50 is transported away in the working direction. Track 2 is placed on the old planum 1a. Then the track 2 is raised and a formation protection layer, preferably sand 5, is introduced. Track 2 is placed on the formation protection layer. In the next process step, the track 2 is again picked up and the ballast is inserted and the track 2 on the or. stored in the gravel.

With the method, any required layer thickness of the superstructure of a web body to be renovated can be absorbed.

It is possible to pick up and remove the superstructure in one process step or to pick up and remove the superstructure in several sub-layers, possibly including sub-layers of the substructure. After the sand 5 has been introduced, it is generally leveled and / or compacted. The method allows the deeper-lying partial layer to be leveled and / or compacted before the introduction of a partial layer of sand 5, the surface of the partial layer possibly being loosened beforehand. The introduction of partial layers guarantees the compaction of sand 5 down to the bottom of the formation protection layer. If necessary, the sand 5 must be moistened before it is introduced or compacted.

8 and 9 can also be carried out in parallel. By introducing partial layers, the bending stresses in the rails of the track 2, which occur when the track 2 is raised, are limited to a minimum, or any required or necessary thickness of a formation protection layer can be realized. The method also allows fleece, foils or other materials to be used as a protective layer.

Claims (28)

1. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track, having a working area which is delimited, as seen in the working direction, by a front bogie and a rear bogie, having a bridge connecting the bogies, and lifting devices arranged in the working area for lifting the track, and devices for processing sand or ballast in the working area on formations having no ballast, when the track is lifted, characterized in that the bridge (6) is constructed to be self-supporting over its entire length, in that a first transporting device (14) is arranged from one end up to approximately the centre of the bridge (6) and at least one second horizontally and/or vertically pivotal transporting device (42) connected thereto is arranged below the bridge (6), and in that a respective lifting device (20, 22) for the track (2) is arranged behind the front bogie (3) and in front of the rear bogie (4).
2. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 1, characterized in that a transfer station (13) is arranged between the transporting devices (14, 42).
3. A machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one levelling device (60) is provided which may be placed below the lifted track (2) for levelling the sand (5) or ballast which has already been delivered by the transporting devices (14, 42).
4. A machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one compressor device (30) is provided which works the sand or ballast laid down below the lifted track (2) after the levelling device (60).
5. A machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as seen in opposition to the working direction, there is arranged firstly the delivery end of the second transporting device (42), then a levelling device (60) and then a compressor device (30).
6. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the levelling device(s) (60) may be adjusted by means of adjustable arms (66) secured to the bridge (6).
7. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the levelling device (60) is a vertically adjustable levelling plough-type means.
8. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 7, characterized in that the tip of the levelling plough-type means is constructed as an articulating means.
9. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the plough blades of the levelling plough-type means have telescopic sections (62, 64).
10. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, at the delivery end of the second transporting device (42), there is arranged a delivery chute (40) transverse to the working direction and above the track (2).
11. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 3 to 10, characterized in that above one levelling device (60) there is arranged a receiver (70) which is connected to the levelling device (60) and which responds to signals from a direction finding means (72), and in that the adjusting level of the levelling device(s) (60) is self-adjusting.
12. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 3 to 11, characterized in that, in accordance with the working direction of the machine, a loosening device for the track-formation protection layer or the used track formation (la) is arranged in front of the levelling device (60).
13. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that two second transporting devices (42) are arranged next to one another and execute a pivotal movement in the same or in opposing directions.
14. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one delivery chute (40) is arranged transverse to the working direction of the machine and above the track (2) at the delivery end of the second transporting devices (42).
15. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the compressor device (30) contains a plurality of spaced ground compressors (36) in rows (32, 34) running transverse to the working direction, these ground compressors (36) being arranged to have a fixedly staggered gap from one row (32) to the next (34) and approximately compressing the working width in accordance with the levelling device (60).
16. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 15, characterized in that the compressor device (30) is securely articulated to the machine, and in that, in relation to the machine, the relative movement of the ground compressors (36) in the working direction is equal to zero.
17. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track, in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compressor device (30) contains at least one guide (38) which is parallel or oblique or curved in relation to the working direction of the machine and contains at least one automatically driven ground compressor (36).
18. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 17, characterized in that the guide (38) is securely articulated to a device (30, 60) or the machine itself, and the ground compressor (36) is movably connected to the guide (38).
19. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to Claim 17, characterized in that the guide (38) is movably arranged on a device (30, 60) or the machine itself, and the ground compressor (36) is securely articulated to the guide (38).
20. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the compressor device (30) or the ground compressor(s) (36) is/are arranged to be detached from the machine.
21. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 4 to 20, characterized in that the compressor device (30) may be locked in a separate transporting position below the bridge (6).
22. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that in each case at least one ground compressor (36) is laterally displaceable at a spacing from the machine for compressing an embankment.
23. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a driving carriage (90) is arranged in front of the front bogie.
24. A machine for applying sand or ballast between a substructure and a track according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the bridge (6) is mounted on a driving carriage (90).
25. A process for rebuilding the superstructure of a formation by means of a machine according to one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that firstly the track is lifted and the used ballast (50) located thereunder is removed down to the used track formation (la) of the substructure and, if necessary, additionally a partial layer of the substructure is removed, and the track (2) is then laid down on the track formation, in that the track (2) is then picked up again by means of a machine according to one of Claims 1 to 24 and a track-formation protection layer of sand (5) is placed on, in that the track (2) is then laid down on the track-formation protection layer, the track (2) is again picked up by means of a machine according to one of Claims 1 to 24 and the ballast is placed on the protection layer, and in that the track is finally laid down on or in the ballast.
26. A process according to Claim 25, characterized in that, before the placing-on of the track-formation protection layer, the used track formation (la) of the substructure is loosened, levelled and/or compressed.
27. A process according to one of Claims 25 or 26, characterized in that the placed-on track-formation protection layer, or a partial layer of the track-formation protection layer, is levelled and/or compressed immediately after it has been placed on.
28. A process according to one of Claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the placed-on track-formation protection layer, or a partial layer of the track-formation protection, layer, is levelled and/or compressed before a further partial layer or the ballast has been placed on.

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