EP0420744B1 - Portable device for vaccination of pigs - Google Patents
Portable device for vaccination of pigs Download PDFInfo
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- EP0420744B1 EP0420744B1 EP90402640A EP90402640A EP0420744B1 EP 0420744 B1 EP0420744 B1 EP 0420744B1 EP 90402640 A EP90402640 A EP 90402640A EP 90402640 A EP90402640 A EP 90402640A EP 0420744 B1 EP0420744 B1 EP 0420744B1
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- Prior art keywords
- vaccine
- pigs
- vaccination
- aujeszky
- vaccine composition
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- 208000009305 pseudorabies Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940031551 inactivated vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003971 influenza vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012646 vaccine adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 13
- 201000010740 swine influenza Diseases 0.000 description 12
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- 229940031567 attenuated vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000405 serological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000701093 Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010003533 Viral Envelope Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012768 mass vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D1/00—Surgical instruments for veterinary use
- A61D1/02—Trocars or cannulas for teats; Vaccination appliances
- A61D1/025—Vaccination appliances
Definitions
- the invention relates to a portable installation intended for pig vaccination.
- the first is the very high number of pigs to be vaccinated; vaccination, by injection with needle, is done either with restraint of the animals, which is costly in staff and in working time, or without restraint, which makes inoculation of the vaccine in good conditions uncertain.
- the second difficulty lies in the fact that the majority of vaccines are administered intramuscularly, at the level of the backbone of the pig.
- all parties involved in the pork sector and therefore, ultimately, the consumer are entitled to expect a quality product and therefore in particular the absence of any reaction abnormality in the tissues of the inoculated region.
- this objective has not always been achieved.
- many observations have allowed to qualitatively determine the nature and the importance of these local reactions (P. Vannier - Recueil de Médecine Vcierinaire, 1986,162 (1), 37-44). This poor tolerance is especially remarkable with vaccines inactivated as an oily adjuvant, even if real progress has been made recently with this type of vaccine (Brun A. et al., 9th Congress IPVS Barcelona, Spain, July 15/18 1986).
- Needle-less injection devices have been known for a long time, the principle of which is administration by jet under very high pressure.
- the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks encountered during the vaccination of pigs by the usual techniques (method of administration and volume of the administered dose) using inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines, by providing an installation of vaccination which makes it possible to confer protection by vaccination at least equal to that of the previous processes, while ensuring a safety preserving the quality of food presentation and avoiding the contaminations parallel.
- Another objective of the invention is to provide an installation which also allows good vaccination rates.
- the subject of the invention is a portable installation for pig vaccination, in particular by the intradermal route, characterized in that it comprises an apparatus for administration by jet of doses of approximately 0.2 ml, connected to a supply of vaccine composition having the concentration corresponding.
- vaccine composition is meant either a single valency in its excipient, or a mixture of several valences in their excipient.
- the invention relates in particular to live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines.
- the supply of vaccine composition is preferably provided by the original bottle containing the vaccine in solution placed in the vicinity of the ejection head of the administration device.
- the installation has proved particularly suitable for vaccinating pigs against Aujeszky's disease and / or against swine flu.
- the portable type administration device comprises, in a housing provided with a handle, a chamber calibrated to 0.2 ml and a piston normally held in the retracted position in the chamber by a spring secured to said piston.
- the compression of the spring causes the piston to move and therefore the aspiration of the dose of vaccine from a reservoir or bottle fixed on the housing.
- the release of the spring causes the piston to retract and the dose to be ejected.
- the device also includes a calibrated nozzle intended to calibrate the jet and a filtration device to avoid the injection of possible impurities.
- a calibrated nozzle intended to calibrate the jet and a filtration device to avoid the injection of possible impurities.
- a single nozzle one can thus provide a group of nozzles, for example five, slightly spaced from each other.
- the jet pressure at the outlet of the nozzle can be set at 100 bars.
- the vaccine used is a live attenuated vaccine prepared in aqueous adjuvant using the Alfort 26 strain (A. Brun, 10th Congress I.P.V.S. Rio de Janeiro, August 14/17, 1988).
- the dose volume is 0.2 ml and the titer per dose is greater than or equal to 105 DICC50.
- the vaccine can also be prepared using an oily solvent acting as an adjuvant.
- Experimental pigs weigh approximately 25 kg, without antibodies on the day of vaccination or from vaccinated mothers.
- test strain is the NIA3 strain (JB Mc FERRAN, International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals, London 1974. Develop. Biol. Standard., Vol. 28, p. 563-570 - Karger , Basel 1975) inoculated into pigs in a volume of 0.5 ml per nostril, representing approximately 10 7.3 DICC50.
- the antibodies are titrated by seroneutralization and expressed in base log 10.
- mice were vaccinated using the installation according to the invention inoculating under pressure 0.2 ml of vaccine intradermally. 3 unvaccinated control pigs remained in contact with the vaccinated animals. The animals underwent a virulent test 21 days after vaccination and blood samples are taken on days 0 and 21. The animals are weighed individually on the day of the test and 7 days after the test.
- a second experiment was carried out in breeding on pigs born to mothers vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine.
- the animals were vaccinated at the start of fattening, at the age of 10 weeks, in the same way as during the first experiment.
- 8 vaccinated pigs as well as 8 unvaccinated control pigs from the same farm and 9 control pigs with an Aujeszky antibody test have undergone a virulent test in the same way as during the first experiment.
- Vaccinated animals show little or no seroconversion after intradermal vaccination. Following the test, 1 control pig died of Aujeszky's disease and all control pigs showed a significant weight loss, on average of 5.6 kg, while the vaccinated pigs have an average weight gain 1.35 kg.
- the medical and sanitary prophylaxis of Aujeszky's disease involves the distinction between vaccinated and convalescent animals. This is possible thanks to the use of inactivated or attenuated vaccines for which one or more envelope glycoproteins have been eliminated from the virus. In this case, the suppression of the GI glycoprotein makes it possible to differentiate by serology pigs vaccinated with this type of vaccine, convalescent pigs.
- the GI ⁇ vaccine is prepared from the Alfort 26 strain which does not contain the GI glycoprotein. The following tests were carried out intradermally with this vaccine.
- lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with a conventional solvent - water for injection.
- the lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with an oily adjuvant type solvent.
- the vaccinated animals were tested 19 days after booster vaccination with a group of unvaccinated control pigs.
- the post-trial protection criterion is the difference in relative daily average gain (GMQR) at day 7 after trial, between vaccinated and control pigs (C. Stellmann, Journal of Biological Standardization (1989), 17, 17-27), i.e. the ⁇ G7 index.
- Tables III and IV demonstrate the very good protection conferred by this vaccine inoculated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in the form of two vaccine injections.
- the vaccine is prepared from a strain of pseudo-rabies virus free from GI and gp63.
- the strain is grown on BHK21 cells.
- the virus is then inactivated with ethyleneimine, purified and treated with polyoxyethylene alcohol so as to extract the envelope glycoproteins.
- the proteins in the capsule are removed by ultracentrifugation.
- the supernatant, which is recovered, is a concentrated solution of purified glycoproteins.
- Sensitive pigs are vaccinated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in a single injection and tested at the same time as control pigs 21 days later.
- the protection criterion is identical to that of test 1.2.
- the viral envelope glycoproteins are adjuvanted using an oily-type adjuvant identical to that of test 1.2. Table V shows that the vaccinated pigs offer satisfactory protection.
- the purified inactivated vaccine of swine flu in oily adjuvant was controlled in pigs with injections 28 days apart using the installation according to the invention.
- the swine flu vaccine in a volume of 0.2 ml, in 2 injections using the installation according to the invention, gives satisfactory protection.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Executing Machine-Instructions (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une installation portative destinée à la vaccination porcine.The invention relates to a portable installation intended for pig vaccination.
Plusieurs pathologies infectieuses du porc, telles que la maladie d'Aujeszky et la grippe porcine notamment, ont rendu nécessaires ces dernières années la mise au point de vaccins et donc l'établissement de programmes de vaccinations. Ces programmes incluent la vaccination du porc en engraissement, ce qui se heurte à plusieurs difficultés.Several infectious diseases of the pig, such as Aujeszky's disease and swine flu in particular, have made it necessary in recent years to develop vaccines and therefore the establishment of vaccination programs. These programs include vaccination of fattening pigs, which faces several difficulties.
La première est le nombre très élevé de porcs à vacciner ; la vaccination, par injection avec aiguille, se fait soit avec contention des animaux, ce qui est coûteux en personnel et en temps de travail, soit sans contention, ce qui rend aléatoire l'inoculation du vaccin dans de bonnes conditions.The first is the very high number of pigs to be vaccinated; vaccination, by injection with needle, is done either with restraint of the animals, which is costly in staff and in working time, or without restraint, which makes inoculation of the vaccine in good conditions uncertain.
La seconde difficulté réside dans le fait que la majorité des vaccins sont administrés par voie intramusculaire, au niveau de l'échine du porc. Or, toutes les parties impliquées dans la filière porc et donc, en dernier lieu, le consommateur, sont en droit d'attendre un produit de qualité et donc en particulier l'absence de toute anomalie réactionnelle des tissus de la région inoculée. Il faut malheureusement constater que cet objectif n'a pas toujours été atteint. De ce fait, de nombreuses observations ont permis de déterminer qualitativement la nature et l'importance de ces réactions locales (P. Vannier - Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 1986,162 (1), 37-44). Cette mauvaise tolérance est surtout remarquable avec les vaccins inactivés en adjuvant huileux, même si de réels progrès ont été réalisés récemment avec ce type de vaccins (Brun A. et al., 9th Congress IPVS Barcelona, Espagne, July 15/18 1986).The second difficulty lies in the fact that the majority of vaccines are administered intramuscularly, at the level of the backbone of the pig. However, all parties involved in the pork sector and therefore, ultimately, the consumer, are entitled to expect a quality product and therefore in particular the absence of any reaction abnormality in the tissues of the inoculated region. Unfortunately, it must be noted that this objective has not always been achieved. As a result, many observations have allowed to qualitatively determine the nature and the importance of these local reactions (P. Vannier - Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 1986,162 (1), 37-44). This poor tolerance is especially remarkable with vaccines inactivated as an oily adjuvant, even if real progress has been made recently with this type of vaccine (Brun A. et al., 9th Congress IPVS Barcelona, Spain, July 15/18 1986).
L'utilisation de vaccins à virus atténués non adjuvés, par voie intramusculaire, diminue ce type de risque. Cependant, dans les deux cas, il est nécessaire de réaliser les inoculations dans des conditions d'hygiène convenables. On se rend compte en fait que plusieurs barrières, liées à la nature du vaccin et à ses conditions d'emploi, s'opposent en pratique à l'obtention d'une innocuité maximale pour cette voie d'inoculation et pour ce type d'animaux. Il existe en outre toujours le risque de transmission parallèle d'agents infectieux lors de la vaccination en série à l'aide d'une aiguille sur un grand nombre d'animaux.The use of non-adjuvanted attenuated virus vaccines, intramuscularly, reduces this type of risk. However, in both cases, it is necessary to carry out the inoculations under suitable hygienic conditions. We realize in fact that several barriers, linked to the nature of the vaccine and its conditions of use, in practice prevent the obtaining of maximum safety for this route of inoculation and for this type of animals. In addition, there is always the risk of parallel transmission of infectious agents during mass vaccination using a needle on a large number of animals.
On connaît depuis longtemps des appareils à injection sans aiguille dont le principe est l'administration par jet sous très haute pression. On peut citer par exemple l'"IMOJET" de l'Institut Mérieux en médecine humaine ainsi que le "DERMOJET" pour la vaccination contre la Myxomatose du lapin.Needle-less injection devices have been known for a long time, the principle of which is administration by jet under very high pressure. We can cite for example the "IMOJET" of the Mérieux Institute in human medicine as well as the "DERMOJET" for vaccination against Rabbit Myxomatosis.
Il n'a cependant jamais été proposé d'appliquer cette technique à la vaccination des porcs.However, it has never been proposed to apply this technique to the vaccination of pigs.
L'invention a pour objectif de remédier aux inconvénients rencontrés lors de la vaccination des porcs par les techniques (procédé d'administration et volume de la dose administrée) usuelles à l'aide de vaccins inactivés ou de vaccins vivants atténués, en fournissant une installation de vaccination qui permette de conférer une protection par vaccination au moins égale à celle des procédés antérieurs, tout en assurant une innocuité préservant la qualité de présentation alimentaire et en évitant les contaminations parallèles.The object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks encountered during the vaccination of pigs by the usual techniques (method of administration and volume of the administered dose) using inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines, by providing an installation of vaccination which makes it possible to confer protection by vaccination at least equal to that of the previous processes, while ensuring a safety preserving the quality of food presentation and avoiding the contaminations parallel.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une installation permettant en outre de bonnes cadences de vaccination.Another objective of the invention is to provide an installation which also allows good vaccination rates.
L'invention a pour objet une installation portative de vaccination porcine, notamment par voie intradermique, caractérisée en ce qu elle comprend un appareil d'administration par jet de doses de 0,2 ml environ, relié à une alimentation en composition vaccinale ayant la concentration correspondante.The subject of the invention is a portable installation for pig vaccination, in particular by the intradermal route, characterized in that it comprises an apparatus for administration by jet of doses of approximately 0.2 ml, connected to a supply of vaccine composition having the concentration corresponding.
La déposante a découvert que l'emploi d'un appareil à jet associé à des doses vaccinales de 0,2 ml environ conduisait à une efficacité de vaccination satisfaisante et, par rapport aux modes d'administration habituels, à une meilleure innocuité et à une absence de transmission de maladies infectieuses d'un animal à l'autre.The applicant has discovered that the use of a jet device associated with vaccine doses of approximately 0.2 ml leads to satisfactory vaccination efficacy and, compared to the usual methods of administration, to better safety and no transmission of infectious diseases from one animal to another.
Il s'est avéré en outre que cette installation assure, de façon extrêmement fiable, une injection intradermique qui montre de grands avantages chez le porc.It has also been found that this installation provides, in an extremely reliable manner, an intradermal injection which shows great advantages in pigs.
Par composition vaccinale, on entend soit une valence unique dans son excipient, soit un mélange de plusieurs valences dans leur excipient. L'invention concerne notamment des vaccins vivants atténués et des vaccins inactivés.By vaccine composition is meant either a single valency in its excipient, or a mixture of several valences in their excipient. The invention relates in particular to live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines.
L'alimentation en composition vaccinale est de préférence assurée par le flacon d'origine contenant le vaccin en solution disposé au voisinage de la tête d'éjection de l'appareil d'administration.The supply of vaccine composition is preferably provided by the original bottle containing the vaccine in solution placed in the vicinity of the ejection head of the administration device.
L'installation s'est montrée particulièrement appropriée à la vaccination des porcs contre la maladie d'Aujeszky et/ou contre la grippe porcine.The installation has proved particularly suitable for vaccinating pigs against Aujeszky's disease and / or against swine flu.
L'invention a aussi pour objectif des compositions vaccinales destinées à être administrées à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention. Les compositions vaccinales concernées par l'invention, décrites en détail plus loin, sont notamment les suivantes :
- Vaccins vivants atténués en solution aqueuse ou dans un solvant du type adjuvant huileux : vaccin contre la maladie d'Aujezky par exemple ; il peut être éventuellement constitué de sous-unités virales et/ou ne pas comporter la glycoprotéine GI.
- Vaccins inactivés en adjuvant huileux : vaccin contre la maladie d'Aujeszky (éventuellement en sous-unités virales et/ou sans la glycoprotéine GI) ; vaccin contre la grippe porcine.
- Vaccins associés, notamment contre la grippe porcine et la maladie d'Aujeszky.
- Live attenuated vaccines in aqueous solution or in an oily adjuvant type solvent: vaccine against Aujezky's disease for example; it may possibly consist of viral subunits and / or not contain the GI glycoprotein.
- Vaccines inactivated as an oily adjuvant: vaccine against Aujeszky's disease (possibly in viral subunits and / or without the GI glycoprotein); swine flu vaccine.
- Associated vaccines, especially against swine flu and Aujeszky's disease.
L'invention va être maintenant décrite de façon non limitative à l'aide d'un exemple d'appareil d'administration selon l'invention et à l'aide d'essais biologiques démontrant l'efficacité de l'installation selon l'invention pour différents vaccins pris à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.The invention will now be described in a nonlimiting manner using an example of an administration device according to the invention and using biological tests demonstrating the effectiveness of the installation according to the invention. for various vaccines taken by way of nonlimiting examples.
L'appareil d'administration de type portatif comprend, dans un boîtier muni d'une poignée, une chambre calibrée à 0,2 ml et un piston maintenu normalement en position rentrée dans la chambre par un ressort solidaire dudit piston.The portable type administration device comprises, in a housing provided with a handle, a chamber calibrated to 0.2 ml and a piston normally held in the retracted position in the chamber by a spring secured to said piston.
Provoquée par un moyen approprié, la compression du ressort provoque le déplacement du piston et donc l'aspiration de la dose de vaccin à partir d'un réservoir ou flacon fixé sur le boîtier.Caused by an appropriate means, the compression of the spring causes the piston to move and therefore the aspiration of the dose of vaccine from a reservoir or bottle fixed on the housing.
La libération du ressort provoque la rentrée du piston et l'éjection de la dose.The release of the spring causes the piston to retract and the dose to be ejected.
L'appareil comporte en outre un gicleur taré destiné à calibrer le jet et un dispositif de filtration pour éviter l'injection d'éventuelles impuretés. Au lieu d'un seul gicleur, on peut ainsi prévoir un groupe de gicleurs, par exemple cinq, légèrement écartés les uns des autres.The device also includes a calibrated nozzle intended to calibrate the jet and a filtration device to avoid the injection of possible impurities. Instead of a single nozzle, one can thus provide a group of nozzles, for example five, slightly spaced from each other.
La pression du jet à la sortie du gicleur peut être fixée à 100 bars.The jet pressure at the outlet of the nozzle can be set at 100 bars.
Trois types de vaccins à 0,2 ml par dose ont été testés:
- . des vaccins contre la maladie d'Aujeszky,
- . un vaccin contre la grippe porcine,
- . un vaccin associé contre la maladie d'Aujeszky et la grippe porcine.
- . vaccines against Aujeszky's disease,
- . a swine flu vaccine,
- . an associated vaccine against Aujeszky's disease and swine flu.
Le vaccin utilisé est un vaccin vivant atténué préparé en adjuvant aqueux à l'aide de la souche Alfort 26 (A. Brun, 10è Congrès I.P.V.S. Rio de Janeiro, 14/17 août 1988). Le volume de la dose est de 0,2 ml et le titre par dose est supérieur ou égal à 10⁵ DICC50.The vaccine used is a live attenuated vaccine prepared in aqueous adjuvant using the Alfort 26 strain (A. Brun, 10th Congress I.P.V.S. Rio de Janeiro, August 14/17, 1988). The dose volume is 0.2 ml and the titer per dose is greater than or equal to 10⁵ DICC50.
Le vaccin peut aussi être préparé à l'aide d'un solvant huileux jouant le rôle d'adjuvant.The vaccine can also be prepared using an oily solvent acting as an adjuvant.
Les porcs en expérimentation ont un poids de 25 kg environ, sans anticorps le jour de la vaccination ou issus de mères vaccinées.Experimental pigs weigh approximately 25 kg, without antibodies on the day of vaccination or from vaccinated mothers.
La souche d'épreuve est la souche NIA3 (J.B. Mc FERRAN, International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals, London 1974. Develop. biol. Standard., vol. 28, p. 563-570 - Karger, Basel 1975) inoculée aux porcs sous un volume de 0,5 ml par narine, représentant environ 107,3 DICC50. Les anticorps sont titrés par séroneutralisation et exprimés en logarithme de base 10.The test strain is the NIA3 strain (JB Mc FERRAN, International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals, London 1974. Develop. Biol. Standard., Vol. 28, p. 563-570 - Karger , Basel 1975) inoculated into pigs in a volume of 0.5 ml per nostril, representing approximately 10 7.3 DICC50. The antibodies are titrated by seroneutralization and expressed in base log 10.
Une première expérimentation a été réalisée au laboratoire sur des porcs nés de mères non vaccinées, et sans anticorps, d'un poids de 25 kg.A first experiment was carried out in the laboratory on pigs born from unvaccinated mothers, and without antibodies, weighing 25 kg.
5 porcs ont été vaccinés à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention inoculant sous pression 0,2 ml de vaccin par voie intradermique. 3 porcs témoins non vaccinés sont restés en contact avec les animaux vaccinés. Les animaux ont subi une épreuve virulente 21 jours après vaccination et des prélèvements de sang sont effectués aux jours 0 et 21. Les animaux sont pesés individuellement le jour de l'épreuve et 7 jours après l'épreuve.5 pigs were vaccinated using the installation according to the invention inoculating under pressure 0.2 ml of vaccine intradermally. 3 unvaccinated control pigs remained in contact with the vaccinated animals. The animals underwent a virulent test 21 days after vaccination and blood samples are taken on days 0 and 21. The animals are weighed individually on the day of the test and 7 days after the test.
Une deuxième expérimentation a été réalisée en élevage sur des porcs nés de mères vaccinées à l'aide d'un vaccin inactivé. Les animaux ont été vaccinés en début d'engraissement, à l'âge de 10 semaines, selon les mêmes modalités que lors de la première expérimentation. En fin de vie économique, 8 porcs vaccinés ainsi que 8 porcs témoins non vaccinés du même élevage et 9 porcs témoins d'épreuve sans anticorps Aujeszky ont subi une épreuve virulente selon les mêmes modalités que lors de la première expérimentation.A second experiment was carried out in breeding on pigs born to mothers vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine. The animals were vaccinated at the start of fattening, at the age of 10 weeks, in the same way as during the first experiment. At the end of economic life, 8 vaccinated pigs as well as 8 unvaccinated control pigs from the same farm and 9 control pigs with an Aujeszky antibody test have undergone a virulent test in the same way as during the first experiment.
Les résultats sérologiques et de l'épreuve des porcs de la première expérimentation sont notés dans le tableau I.The serological and test results of pigs from the first experiment are noted in Table I.
Les animaux vaccinés présentent peu ou pas de séroconversion après vaccination par voie intradermique. A la suite de l'épreuve, 1 porc témoin est mort de maladie d'Aujeszky et tous les porcs témoins ont présenté une perte de poids importante, en moyenne de 5,6 kg, alors que les porcs vaccinés ont un gain moyen de poids de 1,35 kg.Vaccinated animals show little or no seroconversion after intradermal vaccination. Following the test, 1 control pig died of Aujeszky's disease and all control pigs showed a significant weight loss, on average of 5.6 kg, while the vaccinated pigs have an average weight gain 1.35 kg.
Les résultats sérologiques et de l'épreuve des porcs de la deuxième expérimentation sont notés dans le tableau II.The serological and pig test results from the second experiment are noted in Table II.
Cette deuxième expérimentation, sur la vie économique du porc en engraissement, confirme les résultats obtenus lors de la première expérimentation, c'est-à-dire peu ou pas de séroconversion après vaccination, mais un comportement très différent des porcs vaccinés par rapport aux porcs témoins à la suite de l'épreuve virulente.This second experiment, on the economic life of fattening pigs, confirms the results obtained during the first experiment, that is to say little or no seroconversion after vaccination, but very different behavior from vaccinated pigs compared to pigs witnesses following the virulent test.
Il a été ainsi démontré en immunité immédiate, 21 jours, et en durée d'immunité de 3 mois, la possibilité, avec l'installation selon l'invention, d'immuniser le porc en engraissement contre la maladie d'Aujeszky par une seule vaccination par voie intradermique, à l'aide de la souche Alfort 26.It has thus been demonstrated in immediate immunity, 21 days, and in immunity duration of 3 months, the possibility, with the installation according to the invention, of immunizing the fattening pig against Aujeszky's disease by a single intradermal vaccination, using the Alfort 26 strain.
Enfin, un autre critère pris en compte pour apprécier la protection conférée par la vaccination est l'étude de l'excrétion virale après épreuve virulente, par écouvillonages nasaux.Finally, another criterion taken into account to assess the protection conferred by vaccination is the study of viral excretion after a virulent test, by nasal swabs.
Sur le graphique 1, on peut constater que des porcs non vaccinés excrètent du virus plus longtemps que des porcs vaccinés par voie intradermique ou intramusculaire.In graph 1, we can see that pigs not vaccinated animals shed virus longer than pigs injected intradermally or intramuscularly.
La prophylaxie médico-sanitaire de la maladie d'Aujeszky implique la distinction entre animaux vaccinés et convalescents. Ceci est possible grâce à l'utilisation de vaccins inactivés ou atténués pour lesquels on a éliminé une ou plusieurs glycoprotéines d'enveloppe du virus. En l'occurrence, la suppression de la Glycoprotéine GI permet de différencier par sérologie les porcs vaccinés avec ce type de vaccin, des porcs convalescents.The medical and sanitary prophylaxis of Aujeszky's disease involves the distinction between vaccinated and convalescent animals. This is possible thanks to the use of inactivated or attenuated vaccines for which one or more envelope glycoproteins have been eliminated from the virus. In this case, the suppression of the GI glycoprotein makes it possible to differentiate by serology pigs vaccinated with this type of vaccine, convalescent pigs.
Le vaccin GI⁻ est préparé à partir de la souche Alfort 26 ne comportant pas la glycoprotéine GI. Les essais ci-après ont été réalisés par voie intradermique avec ce vaccin.The GI⁻ vaccine is prepared from the Alfort 26 strain which does not contain the GI glycoprotein. The following tests were carried out intradermally with this vaccine.
Deux groupes de porcs sensibles ont été vaccinés par voie intradermique, sous forme de deux injections à 14 jours d'intervalle, à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention. Dans un cas, le vaccin lyophilisé a été remis en suspension avec un solvant classique - eau pour préparation injectable. Dans l'autre cas, le vaccin lyophilisé a été remis en suspension avec un solvant du type adjuvant huileux. Les animaux vaccinés ont été éprouvés 19 jours après rappel de vaccination avec un groupe de porcs témoins non vaccinés. Le critère de protection après épreuve est la différence de gain moyen quotidien relatif (GMQR) à jour 7 après épreuve, entre porcs vaccinés et porcs témoins (C. Stellmann, Journal of Biological Standardization (1989), 17, 17-27), soit l'indice ΔG7.Two groups of sensitive pigs were vaccinated intradermally, in the form of two injections 14 days apart, using the installation according to the invention. In one case, the lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with a conventional solvent - water for injection. In the other case, the lyophilized vaccine was resuspended with an oily adjuvant type solvent. The vaccinated animals were tested 19 days after booster vaccination with a group of unvaccinated control pigs. The post-trial protection criterion is the difference in relative daily average gain (GMQR) at day 7 after trial, between vaccinated and control pigs (C. Stellmann, Journal of Biological Standardization (1989), 17, 17-27), i.e. the ΔG7 index.
Les tableaux III et IV démontrent la très bonne protection conférée par ce vaccin inoculé par voie intradermique à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention, sous forme de deux injections vaccinales.Tables III and IV demonstrate the very good protection conferred by this vaccine inoculated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in the form of two vaccine injections.
Le vaccin est préparé à partir d'une souche de virus de la pseudo-rage exempt de GI et de gp63.The vaccine is prepared from a strain of pseudo-rabies virus free from GI and gp63.
La souche est cultivée sur des cellules BHK21. Le virus est ensuite inactivé par de l'éthylène-imine, purifié et traité à l'alcool polyoxyéthylénique de façon à extraire les glycoprotéines d'enveloppe. Les protéines de la capsule sont éliminées par ultracentrifugation. Le surnageant, que l'on récupère, est une solution concentrée de glycoprotéines purifiées.The strain is grown on BHK21 cells. The virus is then inactivated with ethyleneimine, purified and treated with polyoxyethylene alcohol so as to extract the envelope glycoproteins. The proteins in the capsule are removed by ultracentrifugation. The supernatant, which is recovered, is a concentrated solution of purified glycoproteins.
Des porcs sensibles sont vaccinés par voie intradermique à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention, en une seule injection et éprouvés en même temps que des porcs témoins 21 jours plus tard. Le critère de protection est identique à celui de l'essai 1.2. Dans ce cas, les glycoprotéines d'enveloppe virale sont adjuvées à l'aide d'un adjuvant de type huileux identique à celui de l'essai 1.2. Le tableau V démontre que les porcs vaccinés présentent une protection satisfaisante.Sensitive pigs are vaccinated intradermally using the installation according to the invention, in a single injection and tested at the same time as control pigs 21 days later. The protection criterion is identical to that of test 1.2. In this case, the viral envelope glycoproteins are adjuvanted using an oily-type adjuvant identical to that of test 1.2. Table V shows that the vaccinated pigs offer satisfactory protection.
Le vaccin inactivé purifié de la grippe porcine en adjuvant huileux, de même nature que celui utilisé pour les essais 1.2 et 1.3, a été contrôlé chez le porc à raison de injections à 28 jours d'intervalle à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention.The purified inactivated vaccine of swine flu in oily adjuvant, of the same kind as that used for tests 1.2 and 1.3, was controlled in pigs with injections 28 days apart using the installation according to the invention.
Les critères pris en compte pour mesurer l'activité de ce vaccin est la sérologie post-vaccinale - anticorps inhibant l'hémagglutination (en log 10) - et l'évolution du poids des porcs après épreuve virulente H1N1. Les résultats sont indiqués dans le tableau VI.The criteria taken into account to measure the activity of this vaccine is post-vaccine serology - antibody inhibiting hemagglutination (in log 10) - and the evolution of the weight of pigs after virulent H1N1 test. The results are shown in Table VI.
Le vaccin grippe porcine, sous un volume de 0,2 ml, en 2 injections à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention, confère une protection satisfaisante.The swine flu vaccine, in a volume of 0.2 ml, in 2 injections using the installation according to the invention, gives satisfactory protection.
Cette association est réalisée en mélangeant de façon extemporanée le vaccin vivant lyophilisé de la maladie d'Aujeszky et le vaccin inactivé liquide de la grippe porcine qui est utilisé comme solvant du premier.This association is achieved by mixing extemporaneously the freeze-dried live vaccine of Aujeszky's disease and the liquid inactivated vaccine of swine flu which is used as solvent for the former.
L'activité satisfaisante de ce vaccin associé a été contrôlée par les anticorps spécifiques anti-Aujeszky et anti-grippe porcine H1H1 et H3N2, obtenus à la suite de deux injections à un mois d'intervalle à l'aide de l'installation selon l'invention, comme indiqué dans le tableau VII.The satisfactory activity of this combined vaccine was checked by specific anti-Aujeszky and anti-swine flu antibodies H1H1 and H3N2, obtained following two injections one month apart using the installation according to the invention, as shown in Table VII.
Tous les essais réalisés ont démontré une excellente tolérance sur le plan local, quel que soit le vaccin utilisé. Chaque injection se traduit par l'apparition d'une papule, visible à l'oeil nu.
Claims (10)
- Portable pig vaccination equipment, characterized in that it comprises an equipment for administering a flow of 0.2 ml doses, connected to a vaccine composition feed having the corresponding concentration.
- Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constructed to provide an intradermal injection of the dose.
- Equipment according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the vaccine composition feed is provided by the original flask which is provided near the discharge head.
- A vaccine composition to be administered with the equipment according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is made up of attenuated living vaccine.
- A vaccine composition to be administered with the equipment according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is made up of inactivated vaccine.
- A vaccine composition according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it is made up of a vaccine against Aujeszky's disease.
- A vaccine composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the vaccine against Aujeszky's disease is made up of viral sub-units.
- A vaccine composition according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the vaccine does not include GI glycoprotein.
- A vaccine composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it is a vaccine against pig influenza.
- Vaccine composition to be administered with the equipment according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises an inactivated pig influenza vaccine in oily adjuvant and an attenuated Aujeszky's disease living vaccine, the inactivated vaccine adjuvant being used as a solvent for the attenuated living vaccine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90402640T ATE97794T1 (en) | 1989-09-26 | 1990-09-25 | PORTABLE DEVICE FOR VACCINATION OF PIGS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8912566 | 1989-09-26 | ||
| FR8912566A FR2652257B1 (en) | 1989-09-26 | 1989-09-26 | PORTABLE PORCINE VACCINATION INSTALLATION. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0420744A1 EP0420744A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| EP0420744B1 true EP0420744B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
Family
ID=9385814
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90402640A Revoked EP0420744B1 (en) | 1989-09-26 | 1990-09-25 | Portable device for vaccination of pigs |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0420744B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03242141A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE97794T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2026115A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69004915T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0420744T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2046743T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2652257B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT95395A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2751228B1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-11-20 | Rhone Merieux | BOVINE POLYNUCLEOTIDE VACCINE FOR INTRADERMAL ROUTE |
| JP4540795B2 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2010-09-08 | 一般財団法人阪大微生物病研究会 | Method for causing cellular immune activity of live vaccine to occur in inactivated vaccine, and mixed vaccine obtained therefrom |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3933155A (en) * | 1975-01-23 | 1976-01-20 | Mizzy Inc. | Pressure injector apparatus having improved trigger mechanism |
| FR2339407A1 (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-08-26 | Merieux Inst | Injector for liq. medicament- esp. vaccine-hand gun - of simple trouble free, inexpensive design to suit mass vaccination |
| IT1202996B (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1989-02-15 | Cesaro Giulio | AUTOMATIC INJECTOR GUN FOR REMOTE VACCINATION OF CATTLE, PIGS AND ANIMALS IN GENERAL |
| IT1195615B (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1988-10-19 | Mario Geat | TTANCUTANEO INJECTOR DEVICE |
-
1989
- 1989-09-26 FR FR8912566A patent/FR2652257B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-09-24 PT PT95395A patent/PT95395A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-09-25 AT AT90402640T patent/ATE97794T1/en active
- 1990-09-25 ES ES199090402640T patent/ES2046743T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-25 DE DE90402640T patent/DE69004915T2/en not_active Revoked
- 1990-09-25 CA CA002026115A patent/CA2026115A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-25 DK DK90402640.8T patent/DK0420744T3/en active
- 1990-09-25 EP EP90402640A patent/EP0420744B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1990-09-26 JP JP2256799A patent/JPH03242141A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69004915D1 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
| ES2046743T3 (en) | 1994-02-01 |
| JPH03242141A (en) | 1991-10-29 |
| PT95395A (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| DK0420744T3 (en) | 1994-01-17 |
| DE69004915T2 (en) | 1994-03-24 |
| FR2652257A1 (en) | 1991-03-29 |
| FR2652257B1 (en) | 1992-11-27 |
| ATE97794T1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| EP0420744A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| CA2026115A1 (en) | 1991-03-27 |
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