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EP0408478A1 - Dispensing closure with tamper evident tearable strip - Google Patents

Dispensing closure with tamper evident tearable strip Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0408478A1
EP0408478A1 EP90420331A EP90420331A EP0408478A1 EP 0408478 A1 EP0408478 A1 EP 0408478A1 EP 90420331 A EP90420331 A EP 90420331A EP 90420331 A EP90420331 A EP 90420331A EP 0408478 A1 EP0408478 A1 EP 0408478A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
strip
cover
tamper evident
pouring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90420331A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0408478B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Salmon
Claude Pradinas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Pak Closures France SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nouvelle de Bouchons Plastiques SNBP
Novembal SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Nouvelle de Bouchons Plastiques SNBP, Novembal SAS filed Critical Societe Nouvelle de Bouchons Plastiques SNBP
Publication of EP0408478A1 publication Critical patent/EP0408478A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0408478B1 publication Critical patent/EP0408478B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
    • B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
    • B65D47/0833—Hinges without elastic bias
    • B65D47/0838—Hinges without elastic bias located at an edge of the base element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure
    • B65D2401/25—Non-metallic tear-off strips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pouring caps made in one piece and comprising a body associated with the neck of a container and a cover hinged to this body.
  • pourers of the kind in question generally do not include a tear-off guarantee strip, so that the consumer is not assured of the authenticity of the product contained in the container.
  • the improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a pouring plug, the hollow body of which is closed by a diaphragm which extends outwards to form a guarantee strip. tearable.
  • the diaphragm is subject to the upper part of the body around the discharge member and it is extended by a guarantee strip pressed against the outside of the cover and which is crossed by an operating tab of this cover. , said strip being joined to the diaphragm by means of a zone of least resistance.
  • the periphery of the diaphragm can be welded to the corresponding part of the body.
  • the diaphragm-guarantee strip assembly may be of a different color from that of the pouring plug.
  • the pouring plug according to the invention comprises a body 1 intended to be associated with the neck of a container not shown and a cover 2, these two elements being produced in one piece, their connection constituting a hinge 3 as is well known in practice.
  • the assembly has in profile in plan an oblong shape comprising two rounded parts joined by two rectilinear sections.
  • the body 1 is provided with a central tubular chimney 10, the internal face of which comprises a thread intended to cooperate with that of the neck of the container.
  • This chimney is closed by an upper transverse bottom 11 from which a tubular discharge member 12 leaves.
  • This structure results in the formation of a hollow annular space 13 surrounding the member 12 and in which a little of the product discharged by it can come to deposit and constitute an undesirable layer and this all the more that the product stored in the container is a food material.
  • the interior of the cover 2 is provided with a hollow boss 20 intended to plug the end of the tubular discharge member 12 when the cover is closed, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • a diaphragm 4 essentially comprising a plate 40 provided planar and of profile in plane identical to that inside of the skirt 14 at its free edge.
  • the wafer 40 has an opening 40 a which comes sealingly surround the base of the discharge member 12.
  • the lower face of the wafer 40 is secured to a tubular sleeve 41 whose inner face is provided with an annular bead 41 is adapted to be clipped under a peripheral rib 10 is provided on the exterior of the chimney 10.
  • the side of the plate 40 intended to come to cooperate with the part of the skirt 14 arranged in the vicinity of the hinge 3 comprises a strip 42 whose free edge cooperates with the interior of the rounded part 14 a of the skirt 14 located in the vicinity of the hinge. It is observed that a molding 42 is turned outwards and which rests on the free edge of the skirt 14 is associated with the slide 42. This molding is interrupted at the hinge 3 and extends over the entire periphery of plate 40 (fig. 4 and 5).
  • the rounded edge 43 of the plate 40 opposite the strip 42 and part of the two rectilinear sides 44, 45 of this plate are associated with a vertical strip 46 comprising a horizontal slot 47 located on the right and left 'other of the plane of symmetry of the plate 40.
  • the periphery of all the latter is hollowed out by a groove 48 (fig. 5) into which the slot 47 opens.
  • the strip 46 is connected to the edge of the plate by a zone of least resistance 49. It is noted that the two ends of the strip 46 are provided oblique and carry vertical ribs.
  • the securing of the diaphragm 4 relative to the body 1 could be carried out in any other way and in particular by welding the molding 42 a relative to the skirt 14 of the body 1.
  • the cover comprises an annular partition 22 against a part of the periphery of which rests the strip 46 provided for example of the same height as said partition.
  • the diaphragm 4 having a color different from that of the pouring plug.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

Un diaphragme (4) qui est assujetti à la partie supérieure du corps (1), autour de l'organe de déversement (12), comporte une bande (46) plaquée contre l'extérieur du couvercle (2) et qui est traversée par une patte de manoeuvre (21) de ce couvercle (2), ladite bande (46) étant réunie au diaphragme (4) au moyen d'une zone de moindre résistance (49) afin qu'elle puisse en être séparée.A diaphragm (4) which is secured to the upper part of the body (1), around the discharge member (12), comprises a strip (46) pressed against the outside of the cover (2) and which is crossed by an operating lug (21) of this cover (2), said strip (46) being joined to the diaphragm (4) by means of a zone of least resistance (49) so that it can be separated therefrom.

Description

La présente invention se réfère aux bouchons-verseurs réalisés en une seule pièce et comportant un corps associé au goulot d'un récipient et un couvercle articulé à ce corps.The present invention relates to pouring caps made in one piece and comprising a body associated with the neck of a container and a cover hinged to this body.

Dans les dispositifs du genre en question, il arrive fréquemment que le corps soit creux autour de l'organe de déversement, de telle façon qu'il peut se produire des souillures de sa partie inférieure interne lors de l'utilisation. De plus, les bouchons-verseurs du genre en question ne comportent généralement pas de bande de garantie déchirable, de telle sorte que le consommateur n'est pas assuré de l'authenticité du produit contenu dans le récipient.In devices of the kind in question, it frequently happens that the body is hollow around the discharge member, in such a way that contamination of its internal lower part can occur during use. In addition, pourers of the kind in question generally do not include a tear-off guarantee strip, so that the consumer is not assured of the authenticity of the product contained in the container.

Les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention visent à remédier à ces inconvénients et à permettre la réalisation d'un bouchon-­verseur dont le corps creux est fermé par un diaphragme qui se prolonge vers l'extérieur pour former une bande de garantie déchirable.The improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a pouring plug, the hollow body of which is closed by a diaphragm which extends outwards to form a guarantee strip. tearable.

Suivant l'invention, le diaphragme est assujetti à la partie supérieure du corps autour de l'organe de déversement et il se prolonge par une bande de garantie plaquée contre l'extérieur du couvercle et qui est traversée par une patte de manoeuvre de ce couvercle, ladite bande étant réunie au diaphragme au moyen d'une zone de moindre résistance.According to the invention, the diaphragm is subject to the upper part of the body around the discharge member and it is extended by a guarantee strip pressed against the outside of the cover and which is crossed by an operating tab of this cover. , said strip being joined to the diaphragm by means of a zone of least resistance.

Pour réaliser une meilleure étanchéité du fond du corps creux, la péri­phérie du diaphragme peut être soudée à la partie correspondante du corps.To achieve better sealing of the bottom of the hollow body, the periphery of the diaphragm can be welded to the corresponding part of the body.

En vue de faire apparaître clairement la présence de la bande de garan­tie déchirable, l'ensemble diaphragme-bande de garantie peut être de couleur différente de celle du bouchon-verseur.In order to clearly show the presence of the tear-away guarantee strip, the diaphragm-guarantee strip assembly may be of a different color from that of the pouring plug.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :

  • Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bouchon-verseur comportant application des perfectionnements suivant l'invention.
  • Fig. 2 est une coupe transversale des différents éléments du bou­ chon-verseur suivant l'invention représentés à l'état séparé.
  • Fig. 3 est une coupe transversale du bouchon-verseur illustré en fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 est une vue en perspective du diaphragme illustré en coupe en fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 est une vue éclatée partielle à plus grande échelle montrant les parties du diaphragme 4 et du couvercle 2 qui se verrouillent l'une par rapport à l'autre.
The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing:
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pouring plug comprising application of the improvements according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section of the different elements of the bou chon-pourer according to the invention shown in a separate state.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section of the pouring plug illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the diaphragm illustrated in section in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial exploded view on a larger scale showing the parts of the diaphragm 4 and of the cover 2 which lock relative to each other.

Comme illustré en fig. 1 et 2, le bouchon-verseur suivant l'invention comprend un corps 1 destiné à être associé au goulot d'un récipient non représenté et un couvercle 2, ces deux éléments étant réalisés d'une seule pièce, leur liaison constituant une charnière 3 comme cela est bien connu dans la pratique. L'ensemble présente en profil en plan une forme oblongue comprenant deux parties arrondies réunies par deux pans rectilignes.As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the pouring plug according to the invention comprises a body 1 intended to be associated with the neck of a container not shown and a cover 2, these two elements being produced in one piece, their connection constituting a hinge 3 as is well known in practice. The assembly has in profile in plan an oblong shape comprising two rounded parts joined by two rectilinear sections.

Le corps 1 est pourvu d'une cheminée centrale tubulaire 10 dont la face interne comporte un filetage destiné à coopérer avec celui du goulot du récipient. Cette cheminée est fermée par un fond transversal supérieur 11 à partir duquel part un organe de déversement tubulaire 12. Cette structure entraîne la formation d'un espace annulaire creux 13 entourant l'organe 12 et dans lequel un peu du produit déversé par celui-ci peut venir se déposer et constituer une couche indésirable et cela d'autant plus que le produit stocké dans le récipient est une matière alimen­taire.The body 1 is provided with a central tubular chimney 10, the internal face of which comprises a thread intended to cooperate with that of the neck of the container. This chimney is closed by an upper transverse bottom 11 from which a tubular discharge member 12 leaves. This structure results in the formation of a hollow annular space 13 surrounding the member 12 and in which a little of the product discharged by it can come to deposit and constitute an undesirable layer and this all the more that the product stored in the container is a food material.

On observe que l'intérieur du couvercle 2 est muni d'un bossage creux 20 destiné à boucher l'extrémité de l'organe de déversement tubulaire 12 lorsque le couvercle est fermé, comme illustré en fig. 3.It is observed that the interior of the cover 2 is provided with a hollow boss 20 intended to plug the end of the tubular discharge member 12 when the cover is closed, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

Conformément à l'invention, on prévoit de fermer l'espace 13 au niveau de l'arête libre de la jupe 14 du corps 1 au moyen d'un diaphragme 4, comportant essentiellement une plaquette 40 prévue plane et de profil en plan identique à celui intérieur de la jupe 14 au niveau de son arête libre. Bien entendu, la plaquette 40 comporte une ouverture 40a qui vient entourer de manière étanche la base de l'organe de déversement 12. La face inférieure de la plaquette 40 est solidaire d'un manchon tubu­laire 41 dont la face interne est munie d'un cordon annulaire 41a propre à venir s'encliqueter sous une nervure périphérique 10a prévue sur l'ex­térieur de la cheminée 10.According to the invention, provision is made to close the space 13 at the free edge of the skirt 14 of the body 1 by means of a diaphragm 4, essentially comprising a plate 40 provided planar and of profile in plane identical to that inside of the skirt 14 at its free edge. Of course, the wafer 40 has an opening 40 a which comes sealingly surround the base of the discharge member 12. The lower face of the wafer 40 is secured to a tubular sleeve 41 whose inner face is provided with an annular bead 41 is adapted to be clipped under a peripheral rib 10 is provided on the exterior of the chimney 10.

Le côté de la plaquette 40 destiné à venir coopérer avec la partie de la jupe 14 disposée dans le voisinage de la charnière 3 comprend une lamel­le 42 dont l'arête libre coopère avec l'intérieur de la partie arrondie 14a de la jupe 14 située au voisinage de la charnière. On observe qu'une moulure 42a tournée vers l'extérieur et qui repose sur l'arête libre de la jupe 14 est associée à la lamelle 42. Cette moulure est interrompue au niveau de la charnière 3 et se prolonge sur toute la périphérie de la plaquette 40 (fig. 4 et 5).The side of the plate 40 intended to come to cooperate with the part of the skirt 14 arranged in the vicinity of the hinge 3 comprises a strip 42 whose free edge cooperates with the interior of the rounded part 14 a of the skirt 14 located in the vicinity of the hinge. It is observed that a molding 42 is turned outwards and which rests on the free edge of the skirt 14 is associated with the slide 42. This molding is interrupted at the hinge 3 and extends over the entire periphery of plate 40 (fig. 4 and 5).

Le bord arrondi 43 de la plaquette 40 opposé à la lamelle 42 ainsi qu'une partie des deux côtés rectilignes 44, 45 de cette plaquette (fig. 4) sont associés à une bande verticale 46 comportant une fente ho­rizontale 47 située de part et d'autre du plan de symétrie de la pla­quette 40. Le pourtour de toute cette dernière est creusé d'un sillon 48 (fig. 5) dans lequel débouche la fente 47. Ainsi la bande 46 est-elle reliée au bord de la plaquette par une zone de moindre résistance 49. On note que les deux extrémités de la bande 46 sont prévues obliques et portent des nervures verticales.The rounded edge 43 of the plate 40 opposite the strip 42 and part of the two rectilinear sides 44, 45 of this plate (fig. 4) are associated with a vertical strip 46 comprising a horizontal slot 47 located on the right and left 'other of the plane of symmetry of the plate 40. The periphery of all the latter is hollowed out by a groove 48 (fig. 5) into which the slot 47 opens. Thus the strip 46 is connected to the edge of the plate by a zone of least resistance 49. It is noted that the two ends of the strip 46 are provided oblique and carry vertical ribs.

Bien entendu, l'assujettissement du diaphragme 4 par rapport au corps 1 pourrait s'effectuer de toute autre manière et en particulier par sou­dure de la moulure 42a par rapport à la jupe 14 du corps 1. Une fois le diaphragme 4 assujetti à ce dernier, le couvercle 2 est refermé en le faisant pivoter autour de la charnière 3, de manière qu'une saillie pé­riphérique 21 de ce couvercle 2 vienne s'engager dans la fente 47, de telle sorte que toute ouverture de ce dernier entraîne la destruction de la bande 46.Of course, the securing of the diaphragm 4 relative to the body 1 could be carried out in any other way and in particular by welding the molding 42 a relative to the skirt 14 of the body 1. Once the diaphragm 4 subjected to this last, the cover 2 is closed by pivoting it around the hinge 3, so that a peripheral projection 21 of this cover 2 comes to engage in the slot 47, so that any opening of the latter causes destruction of band 46.

On observe que le couvercle comprend une cloison annulaire 22 contre une partie de la périphérie de laquelle repose la bande 46 prévue par exem­ple de même hauteur que ladite cloison. Comme indiqué dans le préambule, on peut prévoir avantageusement de réaliser le diaphragme 4 de couleur différente de celle du bouchon verseur.It is observed that the cover comprises an annular partition 22 against a part of the periphery of which rests the strip 46 provided for example of the same height as said partition. As indicated in the preamble, provision can advantageously be made for the diaphragm 4 having a color different from that of the pouring plug.

Claims (5)

1. Bouchon-verseur comportant un corps creux (1) associé à un récipient et pourvu d'un organe de déversement (12) ainsi qu'un couvercle (2) ar­ticulé audit corps, caractérisé en ce qu'un diaphragme (4) qui est assu­jetti à la partie supérieure du corps (1), autour de l'organe de déver­sement (12), comporte une bande (46) plaquée contre l'extérieur du cou­vercle (2) et qui est traversée par une patte de manoeuvre (21) de ce couvercle (2), ladite bande (46) étant réunie au diaphragme (4) au moyen d'une zone de moindre résistance (49) afin qu'elle puisse en être sépa­rée.1. Pouring plug comprising a hollow body (1) associated with a container and provided with a pouring member (12) as well as a cover (2) articulated to said body, characterized in that a diaphragm (4) which is secured to the upper part of the body (1), around the discharge member (12), has a strip (46) pressed against the outside of the cover (2) and which is crossed by an operating tab (21 ) of this cover (2), said strip (46) being joined to the diaphragm (4) by means of a zone of least resistance (49) so that it can be separated therefrom. 2. Bouchon suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bande (46) se dresse perpendiculairement au diaphragme (4) et présente une hauteur égale à celle du couvercle (2).2. Plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip (46) stands perpendicular to the diaphragm (4) and has a height equal to that of the cover (2). 3. Bouchon suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble diaphragme (4) bande de garantie (46) est de couleur différente de celle du bouchon-verseur.3. Stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm assembly (4) guarantee strip (46) is of a different color from that of the pouring plug. 4. Bouchon suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dia­phragme (4) est encliqué élastiquement par rapport au corps (1).4. Stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm (4) is resiliently engaged relative to the body (1). 5. Bouchon suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dia­phragme (4) est soudé au corps (1).5. Stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm (4) is welded to the body (1).
EP90420331A 1989-07-12 1990-07-11 Dispensing closure with tamper evident tearable strip Expired - Lifetime EP0408478B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909673A FR2649678B1 (en) 1989-07-12 1989-07-12 STOPPER WITH TEARABLE GUARANTEE STRIP
FR8909673 1989-07-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0408478A1 true EP0408478A1 (en) 1991-01-16
EP0408478B1 EP0408478B1 (en) 1993-11-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90420331A Expired - Lifetime EP0408478B1 (en) 1989-07-12 1990-07-11 Dispensing closure with tamper evident tearable strip

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5069367A (en)
EP (1) EP0408478B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2020762A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69004504D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2046755T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2649678B1 (en)

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EP0544381A2 (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispensing container snap hinge closure
FR2707958A1 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-01-27 Kerplas Snc Dispensing cap made of plastic material for bottle, tube or similar, provided with a tamper evident device
FR2754787A1 (en) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-24 Combes Guy Sealing plug for container with integral pourer

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US6299012B1 (en) * 1996-01-23 2001-10-09 Sanford Redmond Reclosable dispenser package, reclosable outlet forming structure and method and apparatus for making same
US5709318A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-01-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispensing closure with integral locking switch and tamper evidency structure
US5829610A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-11-03 Aptargroup, Inc. Closure with a tamper-indicating element optionally suitable for use as a tool
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US8511492B2 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-08-20 The Clorox Company Bottle with handle venting inlet and child resistant flip-top closure with pouring spout and drainback hole
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2113896A1 (en) * 1970-11-13 1972-06-30 Captocap Ltd
EP0210138B1 (en) * 1985-07-23 1991-04-17 Alfatechnic Ag Plastic closure with a tamper-proof strip

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0544381A2 (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispensing container snap hinge closure
EP0544381A3 (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-08-11 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispensing container snap hinge closure
FR2707958A1 (en) * 1993-07-21 1995-01-27 Kerplas Snc Dispensing cap made of plastic material for bottle, tube or similar, provided with a tamper evident device
FR2754787A1 (en) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-24 Combes Guy Sealing plug for container with integral pourer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2046755T3 (en) 1994-02-01
EP0408478B1 (en) 1993-11-10
US5069367A (en) 1991-12-03
FR2649678B1 (en) 1991-09-27
DE69004504D1 (en) 1993-12-16
CA2020762A1 (en) 1991-01-13
FR2649678A1 (en) 1991-01-18

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