EP0401481B1 - Air egress - Google Patents

Abstract

An air egress has a perforated shell (1) and a base (3) provided with closeable air passage apertures (3a). Within the shell (1), one or more shutter rings (5 or 18a and 18b) are arranged to be vertically displaceable or twistable or displaceable and twistable. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an air passage with a perforated, preferably cylindrical, enclosing an interior shell.

In the case of an air passage known from DE-A-3 429 710, the cylindrical, perforated jacket is closed by a bottom at the end opposite the air inlet. A plurality of diaphragm rings are arranged within the casing at an axial distance from one another, non-positively connected, the free inner cross sections of which decrease in the direction of the floor. The position of these aperture rings within the jacket can be adjusted during operation. Depending on the position of the annular diaphragms, the direction of the air jets radially emerging from the holes in the perforation is influenced. The same effect is achieved if the aperture rings can be rotated in pairs in relation to one another and are provided in their ring area with similar passage openings and overlaps. In this way, it can be adapted to different operating cases (heating, cooling).

Even if the air outlet known from DE-A-3 429 710 has proven itself, difficulties arise when large temperature differences between the room and supply air temperatures are required in order to heat up high industrial halls in a short time after cooling overnight or after weekends. In such a case, the upper diaphragm rings and the closed bottom deflect the supply air, which can therefore only escape at an angle downwards. In this way, at high temperature differences, the warm supply air would not be able to penetrate as far as the area where people are staying or on the floor.

From DE-A-2 650 413 an air outlet with a perforated cylinder is known in which a height-adjustable shut-off device is arranged. This shut-off device is a solid wall Formed disc that blocks the interior of the cylinder. Depending on the position of the disc, the amount of air entering is allowed to pass through the perforation or an air flow through the perforation is prevented.

The invention has for its object to change the known air passage in such a way that the rooms can be heated up in a short time even when large temperature differences between supply air and room air temperature are required.

This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 2. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

With this air passage, the adjustment of one orifice ring or pair of orifice rings ensures that the radially emerging air jets emerge upwards when cooling and do not lead to drafts in the area where people are staying. In the case of heating, the single orifice ring or pair of orifice rings is shifted downward, or the passage openings of the only pair of orifice rings are partially opened, so that the air flows out obliquely downward.

In the event of heating, the single orifice ring or the orifice ring pair is shifted down as far as possible, or the through openings of the only orifice ring pair are totally opened so that the escaping air jets blow downwards at a steep angle, so that the strongly heated supply air is blown out at high temperature differences penetrates to the floor, then flows radially from the vertical of the air outlet over the floor, only to ascend to the roof of the hall again when the temperature difference has almost completely disappeared.

In the event of extremely high excess temperatures, congruent outflow openings in the geometric shape can be freely selected in the bottom of the air outlet, which ensure rapid and economical heating of the rooms by supply air flowing vertically downwards.
When using several adjustable blind rings or pairs of blind rings, the floor can be opened in order to ensure that with this arrangement the strongly heated supply air penetrates to the floor of the hall, then flows radially from the vertical of the air outlet over the floor, only then climb back up to the hall roof when the temperature difference is greatly reduced.

• Fig. 1 Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß,
• Fig. 2 Schnitt II-II nach Fig. 1 oder 14,
• Fig. 3 Schnitt III-III nach Fig. 1 oder 14,
• Fig. 4 Schnitt IV-IV nach Fig. 1 oder 14,
• Fig. 5 Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 6 Schnitt VI-VI nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 7 Schnitt VII-VII nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 8 Schnitt VIII-VIII nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 5a Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 6a Schnitt VI-VI nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 7a Schnitt VII-VII nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 8a Schnitt VIII-VIII nach Fig. 5 oder 15,
• Fig. 9 Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig.10 Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig.11 Längsschnitt durch den Luftdurchlaß gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig.12 Schnitt XII-XII nach Fig. 11,
• Fig.13 Schnitt XIII-XIII nach Fig. 11,
• Fig.14 Längsschnitt gemäß einer weiteren Ausrührungsform,
• Fig.15 Längsschnitt durch den Auslaß gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
• Fig.16 Längsschnitt durch den Auslaß gemäß einer um 180° anderen Anströmrichtung,
• Fig.17 Seitenansicht eines Luftdurchlasses mit Abdeckstreifen

Several exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below. Show it:

• 1 longitudinal section through the air passage,
• 2 section II-II of FIG. 1 or 14,
• 3 section III-III of FIG. 1 or 14,
• 4 section IV-IV of Fig. 1 or 14,
• 5 shows a longitudinal section through the air outlet according to another embodiment,
• 6 section VI-VI of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 7 section VII-VII of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 8 section VIII-VIII of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 5a longitudinal section through the air passage according to another embodiment,
• 6a section VI-VI of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 7a section VII-VII of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 8a section VIII-VIII of FIG. 5 or 15,
• 9 longitudinal section through the air passage according to a further embodiment,
• 10 shows a longitudinal section through the air passage according to a further embodiment,
• 11 shows a longitudinal section through the air passage according to a further embodiment,
• 12 section XII-XII according to FIG. 11,
• Fig. 13 section XIII-XIII of Fig. 11,
• 14 longitudinal section according to a further embodiment,
• 15 longitudinal section through the outlet according to a further embodiment,
• 16 longitudinal section through the outlet according to a flow direction that is different by 180 °,
• Fig. 17 Side view of an air outlet with cover strips

The air outlet shown is preferably used in industrial halls with larger room heights and can usually be arranged above head height when the supply air flows in from above or directly above the floor or higher when the air flows in from below. The air outlet is arranged vertically and has a cylindrical jacket 1 which is provided with a perforation formed by holes 4.

The air outlet is connected via an air inlet nozzle 2 to a supply air duct, not shown. The jacket 1 is provided with a bottom 3 opposite its air inlet connection 2. Air passage openings 3a are provided in the bottom 3. Arranged above the base 3 is a segmented disc 3b which can be rotated relative to the base 3 and is provided with segments. The segments of the segment disc 3b and the air passage opening 3a are congruent, so that the air passage opening 3a can be closed or opened by rotating the segment disk 3b.

According to FIGS. 1 to 4, there is a single aperture ring 5 within the jacket 1, which has a central opening cross section and is non-positively connected to webs 6 and a guide sleeve 7. The guide sleeve 7 loosely surrounds a central guide rod 8, so that the aperture ring 5 is vertically adjustable in the entire perforated area of the jacket 1. The guide rod 8 is non-positively connected to the segment disc 3b and is rotatable about the longitudinal axis. It penetrates the bottom 3 and is centered at the top by webs 9 which are connected to the jacket 1. The guide rod 8 is fixed in the vertical position by a clamping ring 20.

The vertical adjustment of the aperture ring 5 takes place via a Bowden cable 10, which contains a rope 11. The rope 11 is guided over deflecting rollers 13, 14 and fastened to one of the webs 6 in an attachment point 12. The Bowden cable 10 is fixed to a Bowden cable adjustment holder 16, which is attached to a wall or a support of the hall. At the free end of the rope 11, an adjustment chain 17 is attached. By pulling or easing the adjustment chain 17, the aperture ring 5 can be raised or lowered. The deflecting roller 14 is arranged in a roller box 15 attached to the outside of the jacket 1, which is designed in such a way that the rope 11 is prevented from jumping off during transport. At the same time, the roller box 15 serves as a fixed point for the Bowden cable 10. Instead of manual adjustment, which represents a simple and individual solution, actuators can also be used.

The position of the diaphragm ring 5 shown in FIG. 1 is selected for the cooling case in which the radially emerging air jets emerge obliquely upwards, as required. In normal heating conditions, the aperture ring 5 is lowered further downward and the supply air exits the holes 4 of the jacket 1 at an incline or downwards. In heating mode with normal excess temperatures, it is sufficient that the aperture ring 5 is lowered all the way down to approximately the bottom 3. The supply air now flows at a steep angle down to the floor of the hall.

In the heating mode with high excess temperatures, the air passage openings 3a in the floor 3 are additionally opened, the supply air flows vertically up to the floor and then radially from the vertical over the floor. However, the blind ring 5 can also be pulled all the way up into the connecting piece 2 in order to keep the total pressure loss of the air passage within narrow limits.

If only heating cases with low excess temperatures are required and if these heating cases are to be controlled centrally in the case of several air outlets, then the air passage openings 3a in the base 3 need only be opened by means of actuators 21 via levers 21. It is not necessary that the aperture ring 5 is in the lower position. A manual, individual control of the air outlets can therefore be combined with an automatic heating mode.

The air passage shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 corresponds in its basic structure to that according to FIGS. 1 to 4, but here a pair of diaphragm rings is arranged, which consists of diaphragm rings 18a and 18b. One of these aperture rings is fixedly connected to the jacket 1 with its outer circumference, here the aperture ring 18a in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5. The aperture ring 18b is directly connected to the centrically rotatable guide rod 8 via webs 19 with the segment disk 3b. With the help of the lever 21 engaging the guide rod 8, both the blind ring 18b and the segment disk 3b can be actuated. The guide rod 8 is centered at the upper end by the webs 9 and fixed in position by a clamping ring 20.

The aperture rings 18a and 18b are provided with congruent through openings 22 and overlaps. In Fig. 7, the passage openings 22 of the aperture rings 18a and 18b are exactly one below the other. This position of the aperture rings 18a and 18b is to be set for the maximum normal heating situation. The supply air flows through the openings 22 and causes a steep downward air flow. 8 shows the corresponding position of the segment disk 3b for this normal heating-up case. The air passage openings 3a are closed.

If the movable diaphragm ring 18b is rotated so far to the left with reference to FIG. 7 that the passage opening 22 is congruent with the overlaps of the diaphragm ring 18a, a closed diaphragm ring is practically formed as shown in FIG. 3. With this position of the diaphragm rings 18a and 18b, the supply air for the cooling case emerges radially upward from the jacket. The segment disk 3b in FIG. 8 has been rotated to the left by the same amount. The air passage openings 3a in the bottom 3 are still closed by the segment disc 3b.

In cases of heating with high supply air temperatures, the orifice ring 18b and the segment disk 3b are rotated further to the left from the cooling case position, with a view to FIGS. 7 and 8, until the openings 22 in the orifice rings 18a, 18b of the orifice ring pair and the openings 3a in the bottom 3 are fully open. The supply air now flows vertically downwards and then radially over the floor from the vertical of the air outlet. The room is optimally heated up in a short time. All intermediate positions can be implemented according to the thermal load cases at hand. The adjustment can be carried out manually or using an actuator.

The air outlet shown in FIGS. 5a to 8a corresponds in its basic structure to the air outlet in FIGS. 5-8, but it differs in the functional sequence.

5a to 8a, the guide rod 8 is only non-positively connected to the rotatable diaphragm ring 18b via the webs 19. The bottom 3 and the segment disc 3b are provided with central bores in which the guide rod can be freely rotated.

The lower fixed aperture ring 18a according to FIG. 7a has additional eyelets 31. In these eyelets, springs are hung, which are suspended on the other end in the bores 35 of the webs 19 of the rotatable aperture ring disk 18b with pretension. The stop pins 33, which are fixedly connected to the fixed disk 18a, guarantee this pretension and hold the movable disk 18b in the stop position, as shown in FIG. 7a. The stop grooves 34 are provided so that the passage openings 22 can be opened completely.

The bottom 3 with the openings 3a according to FIG. 8a is firmly connected to the jacket 1. A continuous slot 37 is present in the bottom 3 on a circular path. A retaining pin 36 is welded into the bore in the segment disk 3b. The holding pin 36 passes freely through the slot 37 and is fixedly connected to a motor 38.

A slowly rotating motor 38 is non-positively connected to the rotatable guide rod 8 by its drive shaft.

7a and 8a show the positions of the panes for the heating process, the openings 22 and 3a are totally open, the entire supply air with high temperatures flows vertically downwards, and also the proportion of the supply air that emerges from the perforated jacket 1 . A common air jet is thus formed, which is also the case with all other exemplary embodiments.

The springs 32 have a greater restoring force than the greatest frictional forces of the simultaneously moving parts on the air outlet.

In order to achieve the setting heating, the segment disc 3b must be rotated so that the openings 3a in the fixed base 3 are closed. This setting is achieved by turning the motor drive shaft clockwise with a view to Fig. 8a. However, since the springs 32 are stronger than the frictional forces, the shaft in the motor does not rotate, but the motor rotates counterclockwise around the motor shaft until the retaining pin 36 on the left in the slot 37 of the fixed base 3 blocks, the heating is reached, the supply air flows steeply out of the perforated jacket.

If the direction of rotation of the drive is maintained, the motor shaft must now inevitably rotate with the non-positively connected guide rod 8, since the retaining pin 36 is in abutment. The result of this is that the diaphragm ring 18b also rotates clockwise with a view of FIG. 7a until the diaphragm ring 18b touches the stop pin 33 with its edges 39. Now the openings 22 are closed, the position max. Cooling case has been reached. The supply air now flows diagonally upwards out of the air outlet.

If the direction of rotation is now reversed, first the openings 22 in the aperture rings 18a and 18b and only then the openings 3a in the base 3 are opened.

This functional sequence makes it possible to use a simple, automatically operating conventional temperature difference control without the need for two drive motors. This temperature difference control only has to output the control signals temperature difference in the direction of cooling, clockwise rotation, in the direction of heating, up to the heating situation, counterclockwise rotation. This can e.g. with a control signal of 0-10 V.

The air passage just described according to Figures 5a to 8a can also be equipped with a plurality of aperture ring pairs 18a and 18b, as shown in Fig. 15. In the case of several pairs of diaphragm rings, all movable diaphragm rings 18b are firmly connected to one another with the guide rod 8. The springs 32 are only necessary in a pair of diaphragm rings 18a and 18b.

In a further embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the diaphragm rings 18a and 18b are both rotatable via the guide rod 8 and adjustable in the stroke via the Bowden cable 10 in order to optimize the air flow for extreme load cases or special cases. In this embodiment, the aperture rings 18a and 18b can both slide on the guide rod 8 and are moved for height adjustment via the Bowden cable 10, as has already been described in detail for the embodiment according to FIG. 1. An additional guide rod 8a prevents the aperture ring 18b from rotating. This additional guide bar 8a is rigidly connected to the web 9 centered on the guide rod 8 and engages through a guide eyelet 25 which is attached to a web 19 of the aperture ring 18a.

The guide rod 8 is additionally provided in the longitudinal direction with a guide groove in which a guide pin of the guide sleeve 7 of the diaphragm ring 18b runs, as a result of which the diaphragm ring 18b can be rotated via the lever 21. The aperture rings 18a and 18b as well as the segment disk 3b and the base 3 with the passage openings 3a have the same functions as the air outlet according to FIGS. 5 to 8.

The air passage shown in Fig. 10 corresponds in its basic structure to that of Figs. 1 to 4, but here the vertically adjustable orifice ring 5 has been replaced by a pair of orifice rings consisting of the orifice rings 5a and 5b. The position of the diaphragm rings 5a and 5b shown in FIG. 10 corresponds to the case of heating, as described in the embodiment of the air outlet according to FIGS. 1 to 4. This means that the diaphragm rings 5a, 5b are in the lowest position and have the same effect as only one diaphragm ring 5.

The upper diaphragm ring 5a with webs 6a and the guide sleeve 7 form a vertically adjustable unit which can be pulled up with the cable 11 of the Bowden cable 10 on a sliding tube 23 surrounding the guide rod 8. The lower diaphragm ring 5b forms a vertically adjustable unit with webs 6b and the sliding tube 23. If the diaphragm ring 5a is now pulled upwards so far that the guide sleeve 7 abuts a flange 24 of the sliding tube 23, the diaphragm ring 5b is raised with a further upward movement. At the maximum cooling position, the aperture ring 5a is at the top.

The embodiment according to FIG. 10 ensures the optimal air flow not only for heating cases with high temperature differences, but also an optimal air flow for the extreme cooling case and all thermal load cases in between. The aperture ring 5b brings an additional positive effect for extreme cooling cases. It causes the supply air to flow out obliquely upwards and the temperature differences between the supply air temperature and the room air temperature can be better reduced over a longer path of the air jets before they enter the area where people are staying. The bottom 3 can be opened for heating cases with high excess temperatures.

The air passage shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 corresponds in its basic structure and function to that according to FIGS. 1 to 4. It also has an aperture ring 26 which is firmly connected to the jacket 1. Such a fixed blind ring 26 can also in the air passage acc. Fig. 5 can be installed. The blind ring 26 brings an additional increase in the emerging air jets when cooling. The installation position of the orifice rings 5 and 26 can be interchanged without any other flow behavior occurring in principle. 9, the blind ring 26 according to FIGS. 11 and 13 brings the same effect.

11 to 13, the base 3 is replaced by two semicircular flaps 30. The swivel flaps 30 are movable in the hinge 27 in a hinge 27 fastened to the guide rod 8. In cases of heating with high overtemperature, the swivel flaps are adjusted downwards, thus opening the bottom of the air outlet. The swing flaps can also consist of more than 2 wings, which are used for air jet steering.

The air passage shown in FIG. 14 corresponds in principle to the air passage according to FIGS. 1 to 4. However, the guide sleeve 7 is extended to accommodate a second aperture ring 5. This second aperture ring 5 is rigidly connected to the guide sleeve 7. It has a positive effect on extreme cold cases. The air outlet shown in FIG. 15 corresponds in principle to the air outlet according to FIGS. 5 to 8a. However, an additional pair of aperture rings is provided. This air outlet also has a positive effect on extreme cooling situations. The air passage is shown in all embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 15 for the air supply from above. With the air supply from below, the air outlets are arranged rotated by 180 °. For this purpose, the deflection rollers 13, 14 and the roller box 15a are fastened to the floor 3 outside the air passage. The Bowden cable here has a direction of pull changed by 180 °, as shown in FIG. 16.

As shown in FIG. 17, the air passages of all the embodiments described and illustrated can be provided with cover strips 29 on the perforated jacket 1 in special cases. These cover strips 29 are used when different predetermined throwing distances in different radial air jet directions are to be observed. If there are fixed workplaces directly in front of the air outlet, a segment-wise recess is achieved with the cover strips 29, in which no air is blown out and this workstation is also kept draft-free.

All air outlets shown have a cylindrical jacket, the cylindrical shape is not absolutely necessary, conical or rectangular shapes could also be used. Because of the inexpensive manufacture, the cylindrical shape is preferably used.

Claims (10)

1. Air outlet with a perforated, preferably cylindrical, jacket (1) enclosing an interior space, with an air inlet stub pipe (2), with a base (3) lying opposite thereto and with use of one or several baffle rings (5), which are arranged in the interior space of the jacket (1) and which are displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the jacket (1), wherein the base (3) is provided with closable air passage openings (3a).
2. Air outlet with a perforated, preferably cylindrical, jacket (1) enclosing an interior space, with an air inlet stub pipe (2), with a base (3) lying opposite thereto and with use of one or several pairs of baffle rings (18a, 18b), which are arranged in the interior space of the jacket (1), are rotatable relative to one another and are provided with similar passage openings (22) and covers, wherein the base (3) is provided with closable passage openings (3a).
3. Air outlet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that a rotatable segment disc (3b), which is provided with segments, is arranged above the base provided with air passage openings (3a) and that the air passage openings (3a) and the segments are equal in area.
4. Air outlet according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that a guide rod (8) is rotatably held centrally in the jacket (1) and that the guide rod (8) is fixedly connected with the rotatable baffle ring (18b) by way of webs (19) and with the segment disc (3b).
5. Air outlet according to claim 3 or 4, characterised thereby, that springs (32) are mounted between the stationary baffle ring (18a) and the rotatable baffle ring (18b) of a baffle ring pair, that the stationary baffle ring (18) is provided with abutment pins (33) and the rotatable baffle ring (18b) with abutment grooves (34), that a motor (38) is connected with the segment disc (3b) by way of a retaining pin (36), that the retaining pin (36) is guided in a slot (37), which lies on a circular path, of the base (3) and that the drive shaft of the motor (38) is force-lockingly connected with the guide rod (8).
6. Air outlet according to claim 2, characterised thereby, that the relatively rotatable baffle rings (18a, 18b) of a baffle ring pair are additionally displaceable over the longitudinal direction of the jacket (1).
7. Air outlet according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the guide rod (8) is slidingly surrounded over a part of its length by a slide tube (23), which is provided at its upper end with a flange (24) and is connected at its lower end with a lower baffle ring (5b) and that the slide tube (23) is slidingly surrounded by a guide sleeve (17), which is connected with an upper baffle ring (5a), at which the height adjuster (cable 11) engages.
8. Air outlet according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised thereby, that in addition a baffle ring (26) is present which is fixedly connected with the jacket (1).
9. Air outlet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the base (3) is formed by adjustable elements (30).
10. Air outlet according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised thereby, that cover strips (29) are arranged on the jacket (1).

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