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EP0499493B1 - Process and installation for incinerating refuse - Google Patents

Process and installation for incinerating refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0499493B1
EP0499493B1 EP92400007A EP92400007A EP0499493B1 EP 0499493 B1 EP0499493 B1 EP 0499493B1 EP 92400007 A EP92400007 A EP 92400007A EP 92400007 A EP92400007 A EP 92400007A EP 0499493 B1 EP0499493 B1 EP 0499493B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bath
electroburner
zone
incinerator according
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92400007A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0499493A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Trepaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gti Environnment SA Generale De Technologies D'in
Original Assignee
Gti Environnement SA (generale De Technologies D' Inertage)
Gti Environnement SA (generale De Technologies D' Inertage)
Gti Environnement SA Generale
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0499493A1 publication Critical patent/EP0499493A1/en
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Publication of EP0499493B1 publication Critical patent/EP0499493B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J9/00—Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to waste incineration plants comprising in particular large proportions of products which are difficult to destroy by simple combustion.
  • FR-A-1 394 418 describes a process for incinerating waste which consists in burning it in an oven at a temperature of approximately 1000 to 1300 ° C., to obtain smoke and ash and unburnt matter, and in sending the ashes and unburnt in an ash bath and unburnt maintained in the molten state by the heat given off by a burner.
  • the invention overcomes these drawbacks by making it possible to bring industrial or domestic waste to the temperatures necessary so that there is no unburnt residue, while spending as little energy as possible.
  • the ash and unburnt bath which is brought for example to a temperature of at least 1500 ° C., and in particular of 1700 ° C., makes it possible to store the heat supplied by the electroburner and transmit this heat by conduction, in a very efficient way, to the waste that falls in the bath.
  • the heat mass of the bath makes it possible to absorb the differences in the amounts of heat required by the composition and by the variable arrival of the waste in the bath.
  • this bath has a relatively large surface to which the heat radiated by the electroburner is transmitted in a very efficient way, in particular when the latter is arranged so that its flame extends near the surface of the bath. .
  • An electroburner is a gas burner with electric energy supply, as described for example in French patent application 89 06 560.
  • This gas burner with electric energy supply essentially comprises a gas burner comprising a fuel inlet and an air inlet and, downstream, two electrodes between which an arc flows which provides additional energy to the burner flame.
  • the flame obtained by the combustion of natural gas with cold air and at stoichiometry is of the order of 1450 ° C. With the heat input provided by the electric arc, it rises and can reach 2700 ° C.
  • the flame obtained is of large dimension and has a very high radiation energy, which allows the heat to propagate well up to the large free surface of the bath, unlike focused heating devices of the plasma type.
  • the incinerator comprises means for determining the quantity of heat to be supplied by the electroburner, for example an indicator of the waste inlet flow rate or, preferably, a pyrometric probe.
  • a control circuit is provided for the device for supplying electrical energy to the electroburner, as a function of the signal emitted by the means for determining the amount of heat to be supplied by the electroburner. Thanks to temperature stabilization ash by the buffer effect of the bath and the possibility of controlling in an almost instantaneous manner the device for supplying electrical energy to the electroburner, since this control is effected by electrical means, it is possible to control the supply of calorific energy in a manner corresponding exactly to what is necessary to burn unburnt products without excess calorific energy supply. Everything is combined to obtain this combustion at the lowest energy cost, since the extra electrical energy at high temperature from the electroburner is used to best advantage.
  • the pocket is below the oven and the latter comprises, in the unloading zone, an inclined plane connected to the pocket. It then suffices to push the waste into the zone of its loading to push it little by little, after they have undergone a first combustion, on the inclined plane which they roll down by themselves to fall into the bath.
  • the bath overflows through an overflow into a water basin.
  • the quantity of the bath is thus limited aotomatically and the molten ash and unburnt matter is vitrified, as is usual.
  • the electroburner is arranged closer to the overflow than to the inclined plane. The overflow also acts as an obstacle so that the waste does not pass directly into the basin.
  • the bottom of the inclined plane 7 delimits a pocket 10 provided with an overflow 11.
  • An electroburner 12 directs its flame on the free surface of the ash and unburnt bath contained in the pocket. This bath overflows from the overflow 11 and falls into a basin 13 filled with water where the molten magma breaks up into small vitrified pieces under the effect of the brutal thermal shock.
  • An extractor 14 permanently removes these vitrified elements.
  • a pyrometric temperature probe 15 detects the temperature of the bath contained in the bag 10 and, by an electrical control circuit 16, controls the device 17 for supplying electrical power to the electroburner 12.
  • the electroburner essentially consists of two parts.
  • a gas burner 18 having a fuel supply duct 19 and an air supply duct 20 and, on the other hand, an electrical energy supply device essentially comprising two electrodes 21, 22, between which an arc 23 which brings the temperature of the flame from the burner 18 to a value which can be adjusted by the device 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The incinerator comprises a furnace (1) having a waste charging zone (2), an air insufflation intake (5), a smoke release outlet (8) and a discharge zone (10) for ash and unburnt material. The discharge zone (6) for ash and unburnt material communicates with the receiving hopper (10) of a bath equipped with an electroburner (12) intended to maintain the bath in the molten state.

Description

La présente invention est relative aux installations d'incinération de déchets comportant notamment des proportions importantes de produits difficiles à détruire par simple combustion.The present invention relates to waste incineration plants comprising in particular large proportions of products which are difficult to destroy by simple combustion.

Il reste ainsi des résidus contenant des imbrûlés souvent dangeureux ou qui nécessitent du moins un stockage dans des conditions de sécurité dit de classe I.There thus remain residues containing unburnt often dangerous or which require at least storage under safety conditions called class I.

Une solution, pour supprimer tout imbrûlé, consiste à monter les cendres en température jusqu'à les fondre et à les vitrifier, ce qui rend les résidus de la combustion complètement inertes. Mais il faut pour cela atteindre des températures élevées et dépenser beaucoup d'énergie.One solution, to remove any unburnt, consists in raising the ashes to temperature until they melt and vitrify them, which makes the combustion residues completely inert. But this requires reaching high temperatures and spending a lot of energy.

FR-A-1 394 418 décrit un procédé d'incinération de déchets qui consiste à les brûler dans un four à une température de 1000 à 1300°C environ, pour obtenir des fumées et des cendres et imbrûlés, et à envoyer les cendres et imbrûlés dans un bain de cendres et imbrûlés maintenu à l'état fondu par la chaleur dégagée par un brûleur.FR-A-1 394 418 describes a process for incinerating waste which consists in burning it in an oven at a temperature of approximately 1000 to 1300 ° C., to obtain smoke and ash and unburnt matter, and in sending the ashes and unburnt in an ash bath and unburnt maintained in the molten state by the heat given off by a burner.

L'invention pallie ces inconvénients en permettant de porter les déchets, industriels ou domestiques, aux températures nécessaires pour qu'il ne reste plus d'imbrûlés, tout en dépensant aussi peu d'énergie que possible.The invention overcomes these drawbacks by making it possible to bring industrial or domestic waste to the temperatures necessary so that there is no unburnt residue, while spending as little energy as possible.

L'incinérateur suivant l'invention est défini aux revendications.The incinerator according to the invention is defined in the claims.

Le bain de cendres et imbrûlés, qui est porté par exemple à une température d'au moins 1500°C, et notamment de 1700°C, permet d'emmagasiner de la chaleur fournie par l'électrobrûleur et de transmettre cette chaleur par conduction, d'une manière très efficace, aux déchets qui tombent dans le bain. La masse calorifique du bain permet d'amortir les différences de quantités de chaleur nécessitées par la composition et par l'arrivée variables des déchets dans le bain. En outre, ce bain présente une surface relativement grande à laquelle la chaleur rayonnée par l'électrobrûleur est transmise d'une manière très efficace, notamment lorsque celui-ci est disposé de façon que sa flamme s'étende à proximité de la surface du bain.The ash and unburnt bath, which is brought for example to a temperature of at least 1500 ° C., and in particular of 1700 ° C., makes it possible to store the heat supplied by the electroburner and transmit this heat by conduction, in a very efficient way, to the waste that falls in the bath. The heat mass of the bath makes it possible to absorb the differences in the amounts of heat required by the composition and by the variable arrival of the waste in the bath. In addition, this bath has a relatively large surface to which the heat radiated by the electroburner is transmitted in a very efficient way, in particular when the latter is arranged so that its flame extends near the surface of the bath. .

Un électrobrûleur est un brûleur à gaz à apport d'énergie électrique, comme décrit par exemple à la demande de brevet français 89 06 560. Ce brûleur à gaz à apport d'énergie électrique comporte essentiellement un brûleur à gaz comprenant une arrivée de combustible et une arrivée d'air et, en aval, deux électrodes entre lesquelles jaillit un arc qui apporte une énergie supplémentaire à la flamme du brûleur. La flamme obtenue par la combustion du gaz naturel avec de l'air froid et à la stoechiométrie est de l'ordre de 1450°C. Avec l'apport calorifique fourni par l'arc électrique, elle s'élève et peut atteindre 2700°C. La flamme obtenue est de grande dimension et a une énergie de rayonnement très importante, ce qui permet à la chaleur de bien se propager jusqu'à la grande surface libre du bain, à la différence de dispositifs de chauffage focalisés du type à plasma.An electroburner is a gas burner with electric energy supply, as described for example in French patent application 89 06 560. This gas burner with electric energy supply essentially comprises a gas burner comprising a fuel inlet and an air inlet and, downstream, two electrodes between which an arc flows which provides additional energy to the burner flame. The flame obtained by the combustion of natural gas with cold air and at stoichiometry is of the order of 1450 ° C. With the heat input provided by the electric arc, it rises and can reach 2700 ° C. The flame obtained is of large dimension and has a very high radiation energy, which allows the heat to propagate well up to the large free surface of the bath, unlike focused heating devices of the plasma type.

L'incinérateur comprend des moyens de détermination de la quantité de chaleur à apporter par l'électrobrûleur, par exemple un indicateur du débit d'entrée des déchets ou, de préférence une sonde pyrométrique. Il est prévu un circuit de commande du dispositif d'apport d'énergie électrique de l'électrobrûleur, en fonction du signal émis par les moyens de détermination de la quantité de chaleur à apporter par l'électrobrûleur. Grâce à la stabilisation de la température des cendres par l'effet tampon du bain et à la possibilité de commander d'une manière quasi-instantanée le dispositif d'apport d'énergie électrique de l'électrobrûleur, puisque cette commande s'effectue par voie électrique, il est possible de piloter l'apport d'énergie calorifique d'une manière correspondant exactement à ce qui est nécessaire pour faire brûler les imbrûlés sans excès d'apport d'énergie calorifique. Tout se conjugue ainsi pour obtenir cette combustion au moindre coût énergétique, puisque le supplément d'énergie électrique à haute température de l'électrobrûleur est utilisé au mieux.The incinerator comprises means for determining the quantity of heat to be supplied by the electroburner, for example an indicator of the waste inlet flow rate or, preferably, a pyrometric probe. A control circuit is provided for the device for supplying electrical energy to the electroburner, as a function of the signal emitted by the means for determining the amount of heat to be supplied by the electroburner. Thanks to temperature stabilization ash by the buffer effect of the bath and the possibility of controlling in an almost instantaneous manner the device for supplying electrical energy to the electroburner, since this control is effected by electrical means, it is possible to control the supply of calorific energy in a manner corresponding exactly to what is necessary to burn unburnt products without excess calorific energy supply. Everything is combined to obtain this combustion at the lowest energy cost, since the extra electrical energy at high temperature from the electroburner is used to best advantage.

Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, la poche est en contre-bas du four et celui-ci comporte, dans la zone de déchargement, un plan incliné raccordé à la poche. Il suffit alors de pousser les déchets dans la zone de leur chargement pour les repousser peu à peu, après qu'ils ont subi une première combustion, sur le plan incliné qu'ils dévalent d'eux-mêmes pour tomber dans le bain.According to a preferred embodiment, the pocket is below the oven and the latter comprises, in the unloading zone, an inclined plane connected to the pocket. It then suffices to push the waste into the zone of its loading to push it little by little, after they have undergone a first combustion, on the inclined plane which they roll down by themselves to fall into the bath.

Pour que l'incinérateur fonctionne automatiquement, il est en outre prévu que le bain déborde par un trop-plein dans un bassin d'eau. La quantité du bain est ainsi limitée aotomatiquement et les cendres et imbrûlés fondus sont vitrifiés, comme il est habituel. Pour éviter toute solidification du bain, à proximité du trop-plein, l'électrobrûleur est disposé plus près du trop-plein que du plan incliné. Le trop-plein sert aussi d'obstacle de sorte que les déchets ne passent pas directement dans le bassin.In order for the incinerator to operate automatically, it is further provided that the bath overflows through an overflow into a water basin. The quantity of the bath is thus limited aotomatically and the molten ash and unburnt matter is vitrified, as is usual. To avoid any solidification of the bath, near the overflow, the electroburner is arranged closer to the overflow than to the inclined plane. The overflow also acts as an obstacle so that the waste does not pass directly into the basin.

Au dessin annexé, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma d'un incinérateur suivant l'invention, et
  • la figure 2 est un schéma de l'électrobrûleur de l'incinérateur de la figure 1.
In the attached drawing, given solely by way of example:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an incinerator according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the electroburner of the incinerator of FIG. 1.

Le four est constitué d'une carcasse 1 en matériau réfractaire qui définit essentiellement les zones suivantes :

  • A. Une zone de chargement 2 constituée d'un sas, pour éviter les entrées d'air froid et munie d'un poussoir non représenté, permettant d'introduire les déchets dans la zone 3 suivante.
  • B. Cette zone 3 d'avance permet de canaliser les déchets, lors des enfournements.
  • C. Une zone de combustion 4 munie de buses 5 d'injection d'air.
  • D. Une zone de fusion 6 délimitée par un plan incliné 7 raccordé au bas de la zone 4 du four.
  • E. Les fumées provenant de la combustion, dans la zone 4 et dans la zone 6, sortent par une sortie 8 de dégagement des fumées, dans laquelle elles se mélangent avant de passer dans une zone 9 de post-combustion où est injecté, si nécessaire, de l'air secondaire nécessaire à l'oxydation et à la destruction complète des carbones des matières organiques et des diverses molécules subsistant encore et susceptibles de provoquer des nuisances.
The oven consists of a carcass 1 of refractory material which essentially defines the following zones:
  • A. A loading zone 2 consisting of an airlock, to prevent cold air from entering and provided with a pusher not shown, allowing the waste to be introduced into the following zone 3.
  • B. This zone 3 in advance makes it possible to channel the waste, during charging.
  • C. A combustion zone 4 provided with air injection nozzles 5.
  • D. A melting zone 6 delimited by an inclined plane 7 connected to the bottom of zone 4 of the furnace.
  • E. The fumes from combustion, in zone 4 and in zone 6, exit via an outlet 8 for smoke release, in which they mix before passing into a post-combustion zone 9 where is injected, if necessary, secondary air necessary for the oxidation and complete destruction of the carbon of organic matter and of the various molecules still remaining and capable of causing nuisance.

Le bas du plan incliné 7 délimite une poche 10 munie d'un trop-plein 11. Un électrobrûleur 12 dirige sa flamme sur la surface libre du bain de cendres et d'imbrûlés contenus dans la poche. Ce bain déborde du trop-plein 11 et tombe dans un bassin 13 empli d'eau où le magma fondu se fractionne en petits morceaux vitrifiés sous l'effet du choc thermique brutal. Un extracteur 14 retire en permanence ces éléments vitrifiés.The bottom of the inclined plane 7 delimits a pocket 10 provided with an overflow 11. An electroburner 12 directs its flame on the free surface of the ash and unburnt bath contained in the pocket. This bath overflows from the overflow 11 and falls into a basin 13 filled with water where the molten magma breaks up into small vitrified pieces under the effect of the brutal thermal shock. An extractor 14 permanently removes these vitrified elements.

Une sonde pyrométrique de température 15 détecte la température du bain contenu dans la poche 10 et, par un circuit électrique de commande 16, commande le dispositif 17 d'alimentation électrique de l'électrobrûleur 12.A pyrometric temperature probe 15 detects the temperature of the bath contained in the bag 10 and, by an electrical control circuit 16, controls the device 17 for supplying electrical power to the electroburner 12.

Comme illustré à la figure 2, l'électrobrûleur se compose essentiellement de deux parties. D'une part, un brûleur à gaz 18 ayant un conduit d'alimentation en combustible 19 et un conduit d'alimentation en air 20 et, d'autre part, un dispositif d'apport d'énergie électrique comportant essentiellement deux électrodes 21, 22, entre lesquelles jaillit un arc 23 qui porte la température de la flamme issue du brûleur 18 à une valeur que l'on peut régler par le dispositif 17.As illustrated in Figure 2, the electroburner essentially consists of two parts. On the one hand, a gas burner 18 having a fuel supply duct 19 and an air supply duct 20 and, on the other hand, an electrical energy supply device essentially comprising two electrodes 21, 22, between which an arc 23 which brings the temperature of the flame from the burner 18 to a value which can be adjusted by the device 17.

Lorsque les déchets ont un pouvoir calorifique inférieur trop bas, on peut leur ajouter un produit combustible avant de les introduire dans le four, ou bien assurer un apport complémentaire d'énergie grâce à un brûleur situé dans la zone de combustion 4.When the waste has a too low lower calorific value, it is possible to add a combustible product to it before introducing it into the oven, or else to provide an additional supply of energy by means of a burner located in the combustion zone 4.

Claims (6)

  1. Waste incinerator, comprising a furnace (1) having a waste charging zone (2), an air insufflation inlet (5), a smoke release outlet (8) and a zone (6) for discharging ash and unburnt material which communicates with an intake hopper (10) for a bath characterized by an electroburner adapted to maintain the bath in the molten state, and by means (15) for determining the quantity of heat to be supplied by the electroburner (2) and by a control circuit (16,17) for controlling the device (21,22) for supplying electrical energy to the electroburner (12), as a function of the signal emitted by the determining means (15).
  2. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bath temperature is maintained at at least 1500°C and preferably at at least 1700°C.
  3. Incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that the electroburner (12) is arranged so that its flame extends close to the surface of the bath.
  4. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hopper (10) is below the furnace (1) and the furnace comprises, in the discharge zone (6), an inclined plane (7) connected to the hopper (10).
  5. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bath spills, through an overflow (11), into a water tank (13).
  6. Incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the electroburner (12) is closer to the overflow (12) than to the inclined plane (7).
EP92400007A 1991-01-14 1992-01-03 Process and installation for incinerating refuse Expired - Lifetime EP0499493B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9100322 1991-01-14
FR919100322A FR2671606B1 (en) 1991-01-14 1991-01-14 PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE INCINERATION OF WASTE.

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92105422.7 Division-Into 1992-03-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0499493A1 EP0499493A1 (en) 1992-08-19
EP0499493B1 true EP0499493B1 (en) 1995-04-19

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EP92105422A Ceased EP0502552A1 (en) 1991-01-14 1992-01-03 Installation for incinerating refuse
EP92400007A Expired - Lifetime EP0499493B1 (en) 1991-01-14 1992-01-03 Process and installation for incinerating refuse

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EP92105422A Ceased EP0502552A1 (en) 1991-01-14 1992-01-03 Installation for incinerating refuse

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US (1) US5188043A (en)
EP (2) EP0502552A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0518526A (en)
AT (1) ATE121527T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69202076D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2671606B1 (en)

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FR2647186B1 (en) * 1989-05-19 1991-08-23 Electricite De France GAS ELECTROBURNER WITH ENERGY SUPPLY AND ASSISTED PRIMING
ES2059906T3 (en) * 1989-07-19 1994-11-16 Siemens Ag COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND PROCEDURE FOR BURNING COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES AT LEAST PARTIALLY.
JP2957627B2 (en) * 1990-03-15 1999-10-06 大阪瓦斯株式会社 Municipal waste incineration melting equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5188043A (en) 1993-02-23
FR2671606B1 (en) 1993-04-16
EP0502552A1 (en) 1992-09-09
FR2671606A1 (en) 1992-07-17
DE69202076D1 (en) 1995-05-24
EP0499493A1 (en) 1992-08-19
JPH0518526A (en) 1993-01-26
ATE121527T1 (en) 1995-05-15

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