EP0492498A1 - Ski containing flat strips or layers of fiber reinforced material - Google Patents
Ski containing flat strips or layers of fiber reinforced material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0492498A1 EP0492498A1 EP91121934A EP91121934A EP0492498A1 EP 0492498 A1 EP0492498 A1 EP 0492498A1 EP 91121934 A EP91121934 A EP 91121934A EP 91121934 A EP91121934 A EP 91121934A EP 0492498 A1 EP0492498 A1 EP 0492498A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- sheet
- ski
- ski according
- reinforced
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISAVYTVYFVQUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-Octylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ISAVYTVYFVQUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004849 latent hardener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
- A63C5/126—Structure of the core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
- Y10T428/24091—Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
- Y10T428/24091—Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
- Y10T428/24099—On each side of strands or strand-portions
- Y10T428/24107—On each side of strands or strand-portions including mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24124—Fibers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3382—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
- Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers
- Y10T442/3569—Woven fabric layers impregnated with a thermosetting resin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
- Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers
- Y10T442/3569—Woven fabric layers impregnated with a thermosetting resin
- Y10T442/3577—Phenolic resin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/475—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/671—Multiple nonwoven fabric layers composed of the same polymeric strand or fiber material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/695—Including a wood containing layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ski which contains sheet-like plates or bands made of a fiber-reinforced material which consists of a sheet-like textile material and a thermosetting resin.
- Modern skis such as alpine or cross-country skis, are usually made in layers.
- a wide variety of materials are generally used to produce these skis, which are usually attached around a so-called core.
- the core is made of wood, fiber-reinforced plastic or foamed plastic, for example.
- Plastic layers or plates or also metal plates are generally attached above and below the ski core, which, in the case of a shock-like load, e.g. the ski is compressed under the weight of the skier between two uneven ground - depending on the position in relation to the core - pressed together (compression straps) or pulled apart (tension straps). This causes the ski to return to its original shape.
- the outsole with the steel edges is usually located under the tension belts. Above the pressure belts, which are intended to protect the core in conventional skis, there is generally an upper surface which is primarily intended for decorative purposes.
- the sandwich construction has proven to be cheap.
- the load-bearing parts of the skis are put on top of each other in layers and glued together by applying a vacuum or applying pressure.
- Glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced composite materials based on epoxy resin are usually used as plastic layers above and below the core. It has been shown that such plastic layers are not easily covered with a top covering are coated. Usually you have to pretreat the top with a primer in order to apply the top layer.
- such composite materials are relatively inflexible because they have high tensile strengths and moduli of elasticity.
- One of the consequences of this is that the vibration damping of the ski construction often leaves something to be desired after a shock-like load and that single-fiber tears can result.
- the present invention thus relates to a ski, comprising sheet-like plates or bands made of a fiber-reinforced material which consists of a sheet-like textile material and a thermosetting resin, the fiber-reinforced material having a fiber content of 30 to 70% by weight and the fiber material contained therein at least 30% consists of synthetic fibers.
- the ski according to the invention is distinguished from conventional skis in terms of production method and properties by a number of surprising advantages.
- the flat sheets or strips can be glued to the other materials used.
- the ski according to the invention is characterized by high wear resistance, good elasticity and, as a result, good vibration behavior (vibration damping), low weight and, as a result, by a low mass moment of inertia, and by good temperature properties. Furthermore, the formation of splicing fiber ends in the event of mechanical damage to the ski is avoided, so that the risk of damage to sports clothing is greatly reduced.
- the fiber-reinforced used to manufacture the ski according to the invention consists essentially of a flat textile material and a thermosetting resin and is characterized in that it has a fiber content of 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 80% by weight, in particular 45 to 55% by weight, and that the fiber material contained therein consists of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80% of synthetic fibers.
- all known crosslinkable, ie curable resin systems are suitable as thermosetting resins, in particular, for. B. phenolic resins, but also amine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins and alkyd resins or combinations of these resins.
- the fiber material of the sheet-like textile materials can be in smooth or crimped (textured) form and in the form of staple fibers, staple fiber yarns or multifilament yarns. If the sheet-like textile material contained in the material used according to the invention is a gritty material, the fiber material generally consists of crimped staple fibers.
- the staple length of these fibers is usually between 20 and 200 mm. In view of special strength requirements, it is particularly advantageous to work with staple fibers of approximately 60 to 150 mm in length.
- Non-woven materials made of staple fibers with an average staple length of 40 to 120 mm are particularly advantageous for the purpose of use according to the invention.
- the nonwovens used in the materials used according to the invention can expediently still by heat treatment, for. B. by calendering, in particular with embossing calenders or by binding strengthening, for example by a heat-curing binder or by binder filaments with a relatively high melting point or by mechanical means such as. B. pre-consolidated by needles.
- Woven and knitted fabrics / knitted fabrics can consist of smooth or preferably of textured multifilament yarns or preferably of secondary spun staple fiber yarns.
- Textured yarn should be understood to mean any yarn structured in a manner known per se, in particular also fancy yarns such.
- the basis weights of the sheet-like textile materials contained in the material used according to the invention are expediently in the range from 100 to 280, preferably 120 to 250, in particular in the range from 120 to 150 g / m 2.
- the staple fiber yarns in turn can be in the form of single yarns or twists and they can have other known spinning or twisting effects.
- Fabrics with a plain weave are used in particular as textile fabrics for producing the materials used according to the invention.
- these fabrics consist of staple fiber yarns, in particular staple fiber yarns based on high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers.
- the fiber material contained in the materials used according to the invention is at least 30% synthetic.
- natural fibers which can be contained in the materials used according to the invention, come in particular cellulose fibers such. B. cotton or jute fibers into consideration.
- Synthetic fibers from which the sheet-like textile materials contained in the materials used according to the invention are predominantly, or preferably exclusively, constructed are, in principle, all known high-strength, high-modulus, sufficiently temperature-resistant synthetic fibers such as, for. B. partially or fully aromatic polyamide fibers, partially or fully aromatic polyester fibers, or high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers in oxidized or non-oxidized form.
- the use of phenolic resins as a thermoset and the use of Textile fabrics made of polyacrylonitrile fibers are particularly advantageous.
- the use of the high-strength types of these synthetic fibers is particularly preferred.
- the synthetic fibers can be in crimped or non-crimped form and as continuous or staple fiber, depending on the type of textile fabric.
- the titer of the synthetic fibers is advantageously 0.7 to 9 dtex, in particular 1.0 to 6.7 dtex.
- the strength of the high-strength fiber types expediently used is in the range from 65 to 75 cN / tex for polyethylene terephthalate, and over 55 cN / tex for high-strength polyacrylonitrile types.
- the maximum tensile strength elongation of the synthetic fibers which are expediently used is in the range from 14 to 17% for polyethylene terephthalate and in the range from 8 to 17% for the particularly preferred types of polyacrylonitrile fiber.
- Particularly preferred materials used according to the invention contain sheet-like textile materials, in particular fabrics, scrims or nonwovens made from highly stretched, non-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, which are commercially available, for example, under the name R Dolanit in types 12 and 15. These are crimped long fiber types (cutting length approx. 30-100 mm), which are characterized by good adhesion within the yarn composite and can therefore be easily processed into yarns / fabrics and nonwovens. Such high-strength fibers are distinguished from textile polyacrylonitrile fibers by almost twice the fiber strength, as well as by their good chemical and temperature resistance.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the material used according to the invention contains, for example, a Knitted fabric / knitted fabric or in particular a fabric made from a crimped, twisted staple fiber yarn made from the high-strength polyacrylonitrile fiber type R Dolanit 15 or a fleece made from crimped staple fibers made from the high strength polyacrylonitrile fiber type ® Dolanit 12.
- phenolic resins are preferably used as thermosetting resins.
- Suitable condensation products of phenol and phenol derivatives with aldehydes, in particular with formaldehyde are contained as phenolic resin in the fiber-reinforced materials used according to the invention.
- Suitable phenol derivatives are, in particular, substituted phenols, in particular alkyl-substituted phenols such as, for. B. cresols, xylenols and other alkylphenols such as e.g. p-tert-butylphenol, octylphenol and nonylphenol but also arylphenols, e.g. Phenylphenol, naphthols, and dihydric phenols such as e.g. Resorcinol and bisphenol A.
- phenolic resins are to be understood as meaning both the condensation products of the individual compounds mentioned and also condensation products of mixtures of the above-mentioned phenols and phenol derivatives with aldehydes, in particular with formaldehyde. If individual compounds are to be used to prepare the phenolic resins, it should be noted that these must have at least three times the functionality compared to the aldehyde.
- the phenolic resins mentioned can also in a manner known per se to optimize special properties by adding unsaturated natural or synthetic compounds such as. B. be modified wood oil, rosin or styrene. Condensation products of formaldehyde with phenol itself and mixtures of phenol with smaller proportions of the phenol derivatives mentioned, in particular the alkyl-substituted phenols mentioned, are particularly preferred.
- the phenolic resins contained in the materials used according to the invention usually have a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably of 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.2.
- Suitable phenolic resins are commercially available, for example, under the type designation Phenodur VPR 45.
- Phenolic resin preferably additionally contains one or more substances which serve as plasticizing components, ie which expand the elastic range of the resin.
- plasticizing components ie which expand the elastic range of the resin.
- Such agents are advantageously contained in the phenolic resin in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, in particular 4 to 7% by weight.
- Epoxy resins, alkyd resins and derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol, such as polyvinyl acetals, preferably polyvinyl butyral, have proven to be particularly suitable plasticizing components.
- Preferred types of polyvinyl butyral are soluble in lower aliphatic alcohols, have a degree of acetalization of 60 to 75%, preferably 68 to 72% and a 6% methanolic solution of the preferred polyvinyl butyral has a viscosity of 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 6, at 20 ° C mPa.s.
- thermosetting resin contained in the materials used according to the invention can contain, in addition to the additives mentioned, other additives customary in phenolic resins such as, for example, defoamers, wetting agents, leveling agents, adhesion promoters or also other plasticizers and latent hardeners. If desired, these additives can be present in the thermosetting resin in a proportion of up to 2% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1% by weight.
- the material has a corresponding number of layers of the flat textile material.
- the phenolic resin contained in the fiber-reinforced materials used according to the invention is practically in the cured, ie. H. networked state before.
- Tapes are made in a manner known per se by impregnating a web of the sheet-like textile material described above in a suitable manner, for example by impregnation, slapping, brushing or knife coating, with a solution of a thermosetting resin described above, which optionally contains one or more of the additives mentioned above , so that the impregnated material consists of fiber, calculated from solid to solid, to 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably to 40 to 60 wt .-% of fiber material.
- the impregnate obtained in this way is, after a drying process until tack-free, in which the major part of the solvent and possibly water is removed and in which the resin is subjected to further condensation in order to adjust the flow and hardening behavior, stacked in several layers and through Application of pressure and heat brought into the desired sheet-like shape.
- the dry prepreg is cut into suitable sections, which are stacked on top of one another and subjected to a heat treatment under pressure, the layers melting together as the resin flows.
- the skis according to the invention can then be produced from the sheet-like plates or bands made of the fiber-reinforced material and thus produced using conventional manufacturing processes.
- the fiber-reinforced sheet-like plates or strips used according to the invention are distinguished by a particularly high flexibility and high resilience, by a low tendency to delaminate and by a high resistance to high temperatures and solvents and / or swelling liquids. Furthermore, these sheet-like plates or strips have a very high mechanical strength with very favorable wear behavior and high wear resistance, as well as a low water absorption.
- the ski according to the invention will consist of layers of different materials. However, it is also possible to build a ski only or mainly from the flat plates or bands identified above.
- the ski according to the invention is described by way of example using the cross sections shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a core (6) is shown schematically, which consists of several units, for example wooden blocks, which are glued together.
- Sidewalls (7) are attached to the sides of the core and are preferably made of plastic.
- a wide top flange (8) is attached to the top surface of the core (6) and a wide bottom flange (5) is attached to the bottom surface of the core (6).
- both the top flange (8) and bottom flange (5) are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
- Two rubber strips (4) are attached below the wide lower flange (5).
- a narrow lower flange (3) follows below the wide lower flange (5).
- this consists of flat strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin.
- the ski is closed at the bottom by the tread (2), for example made of polyethylene, and from the edges (1), for example made of steel.
- the wide top flange (8) is followed by several layers of different materials. In the present case, these are two prepregs (9), for example made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, an upper edge (10) made of metal, a narrow upper flange (11) made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and further layers (20) and (12) prepregs.
- FIG. 1 A further embodiment of the ski according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- Wide top straps (8) and (9) and bottom straps (5) made of glass fiber reinforced plastic are attached around the core (6) and the side cheeks (7).
- the construction is supported by rubber strips (4).
- a narrow lower flange (3) is connected below the wide lower flange (5).
- this consists of flat strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin.
- the ski is closed at the bottom by the tread (2), for example made of polyethylene, and from the edges (1), for example made of steel.
- a metal rail (17) e.g. made of aluminum.
- the ski according to the invention corresponds to one of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which the following modifications have been made: Instead of the prepregs (9), two metal rails, for example made of aluminum, are used; instead of the top edge made of metal (10) and the narrow top flange (11), one or two layers of glass fiber reinforced plastic are used; Instead of the further layers (20) and (12) of prepregs, one or two layers of sheet-like strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin, are used. In this particularly preferred embodiment, strips made of the highly flexible material are used both above and below the core (6).
- the following example describes the production of a prepreg which, after curing, can be used as a sheet or tape in the ski according to the invention.
- the impregnation system is impregnated with a resin mixture of 100 kg phenolic resin, 65% in methanol (®Phenodur VPR 45 from Hoechst AG), 26 kg polyvinylbutyral, 25% in ethanol (®Mowital B 30 T from Hoechst AG), 0.2 kg of a defoamer and 7.9 kg of organic solvent based on a partially etherified low molecular weight alkanediol.
- a resin mixture 100 kg phenolic resin, 65% in methanol (®Phenodur VPR 45 from Hoechst AG), 26 kg polyvinylbutyral, 25% in ethanol (®Mowital B 30 T from Hoechst AG), 0.2 kg of a defoamer and 7.9 kg of organic solvent based on a partially etherified low molecular weight alkanediol.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Ski, der flächenförmige Platten oder Bänder aus einem faserverstärkten Werkstoff enthält, der aus einem flächenförmigen Textilmaterial und einem Duroplastharz besteht.The present invention relates to a ski which contains sheet-like plates or bands made of a fiber-reinforced material which consists of a sheet-like textile material and a thermosetting resin.
Ein moderner Ski, wie ein Alpin- oder ein Langlaufski, wird üblicherweise in Schichtbauweise gefertigt. Zur Herstellung dieser Ski werden im allgemeinen unterschiedlichste Materialien verwendet, die üblicherweise um einen sogenannten Kern herum angebracht sind. Der Kern besteht beispielsweise aus Holz, aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff oder aus geschäumtem Kunststoff. Oberhalb und unterhalb des Skikerns sind im allgemeinen Kunststoffschichten bzw. -platten oder auch Metallplatten angebracht, die bei einer schockartigen Belastung, wenn z.B. der Ski unter dem Gewicht des Skifahrers zwischen zwei Bodenunebenheiten durchfedert - je nach Lage in Bezug auf den Kern - zusammengepreßt (Druckgurte) oder auseinandergezogen (Zuggurte) werden. Dies bewirkt ein Rückstellen des Skis in die Ausgangsform. Unter den Zuggurten befindet sich üblicherweise die Laufsohle mit den Stahlkanten. Oberhalb der Druckgurte, die bei herkömmlichen Ski vor allem den Kern schützen sollen, befindet sich im allgemeinen noch ein Oberbelag, der vor allem dekorativen Zwecken dienen soll.Modern skis, such as alpine or cross-country skis, are usually made in layers. A wide variety of materials are generally used to produce these skis, which are usually attached around a so-called core. The core is made of wood, fiber-reinforced plastic or foamed plastic, for example. Plastic layers or plates or also metal plates are generally attached above and below the ski core, which, in the case of a shock-like load, e.g. the ski is compressed under the weight of the skier between two uneven ground - depending on the position in relation to the core - pressed together (compression straps) or pulled apart (tension straps). This causes the ski to return to its original shape. The outsole with the steel edges is usually located under the tension belts. Above the pressure belts, which are intended to protect the core in conventional skis, there is generally an upper surface which is primarily intended for decorative purposes.
Für die Montage der Skibauteile hat sich insbesondere die Sandwich-Bauweise als günstig herausgestellt. Dabei werden die tragenden Teile der Ski schichtweise aufeinandergelegt und unter Anlegen eines Vakuums oder Aufbringen von Druck zusammengeklebt. Als Kunststoffschichten oberhalb und unterhalb des Kerns werden dabei üblicherweise glasfaser- oder kohlefaser-verstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe auf Epoxidharzbasis eingesetzt. Es hat sich dabei gezeigt, daß solche Kunststoffschichten nicht ohne weiteres mit einem Oberbelag zu beschichten sind. Üblicherweise muß man die Oberseite mit einem Primer vorbehandeln, um den Oberbelag aufbringen zu können. Ferner sind solche Verbundwerkstoffe relativ unflexibel, da sie hohe Zugfestigkeiten und Elastizitätsmoduli aufweisen. Dies hat unter anderem zur Folge, daß die Schwingungsdämpfung der Skikonstruktion nach schockartiger Belastung häufig zu wünschen übrig läßt und daß sich Einzelfaserrisse ergeben können.For the assembly of the ski components in particular, the sandwich construction has proven to be cheap. The load-bearing parts of the skis are put on top of each other in layers and glued together by applying a vacuum or applying pressure. Glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced composite materials based on epoxy resin are usually used as plastic layers above and below the core. It has been shown that such plastic layers are not easily covered with a top covering are coated. Usually you have to pretreat the top with a primer in order to apply the top layer. Furthermore, such composite materials are relatively inflexible because they have high tensile strengths and moduli of elasticity. One of the consequences of this is that the vibration damping of the ski construction often leaves something to be desired after a shock-like load and that single-fiber tears can result.
Es wurden jetzt ausgewählte faserverstärkte Werkstoffe gefunden, die sich in Form von flächenförmigen Platten oder Bändern hervorragend zur Herstellung von Skiern eignen.Selected fiber-reinforced materials have now been found which are ideally suited for the production of skis in the form of sheet-like plates or bands.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit ein Ski, enthaltend flächenförmige Platten oder Bänder aus einem faserverstärkten Werkstoff, der aus einem flächenförmigen Textilmaterial und einem Duroplastharz besteht, wobei der faserverstärkte Werkstoff einen Faseranteil von 30 bis 70 Gew.% hat und das darin enthaltene Fasermaterial zu mindestens 30 % aus Synthesefasern besteht.The present invention thus relates to a ski, comprising sheet-like plates or bands made of a fiber-reinforced material which consists of a sheet-like textile material and a thermosetting resin, the fiber-reinforced material having a fiber content of 30 to 70% by weight and the fiber material contained therein at least 30% consists of synthetic fibers.
Der erfindungsgemäße Ski zeichnet sich gegenüber herkömmlichen Skiern hinsichtlich Herstellungsweise und Eigenschaften durch eine Reihe überraschender Vorteile aus.The ski according to the invention is distinguished from conventional skis in terms of production method and properties by a number of surprising advantages.
So lassen sich die flächenförmigen Platten oder Bänder hervorragend mit den anderen eingesetzten Materialien verkleben. Ferner zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Ski aus durch eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit, eine gute Elastizität und daraus resultierend durch gutes Schwingungsverhalten (Schwingungsdämpfung), geringes Gewicht und daraus resultierend durch ein geringes Massen-Trägheitsmoment, und durch gute Temperatureigenschaften. Ferner wird die Entstehung von abspleißenden Faserenden bei einer mechanischen Verletzung des Skis vermieden, so daß das Risiko der Beschädigung von Sportbekleidung stark reduziert wird.In this way, the flat sheets or strips can be glued to the other materials used. Furthermore, the ski according to the invention is characterized by high wear resistance, good elasticity and, as a result, good vibration behavior (vibration damping), low weight and, as a result, by a low mass moment of inertia, and by good temperature properties. Furthermore, the formation of splicing fiber ends in the event of mechanical damage to the ski is avoided, so that the risk of damage to sports clothing is greatly reduced.
Der zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Skis verwendete faserverstärkte Werkstoff besteht im wesentlichen aus einem flächenförmigen Textilmaterial und einem Duroplastharz und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Faseranteil von 30 bis 70 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 80 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 45 bis 55 Gew.-% hat, und daß das darin enthaltene Fasermaterial zu mindestens 30 %, vorzugsweise zu mindestens 50 %, insbesondere zu mindestens 80 % aus Synthesefasern besteht. Als Duroplastharze kommen im Prinzip alle bekannten vernetzbaren, d. h. härtbaren Harzsysteme in Frage, insbesondere z. B. Phenolharze, aber auch Aminharze, Epoxidharze, ungesättigte Polyesterharze, Polyurethanharze und Alkydharze oder Kombinationen dieser Harze.The fiber-reinforced used to manufacture the ski according to the invention Material consists essentially of a flat textile material and a thermosetting resin and is characterized in that it has a fiber content of 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 80% by weight, in particular 45 to 55% by weight, and that the fiber material contained therein consists of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80% of synthetic fibers. In principle, all known crosslinkable, ie curable resin systems are suitable as thermosetting resins, in particular, for. B. phenolic resins, but also amine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins and alkyd resins or combinations of these resins.
Besonders bevorzugt wird ein faserverstärkter Werkstoff verwendet, dessen Fasermaterial zu 100 % aus Synthesefasern besteht.It is particularly preferred to use a fiber-reinforced material whose fiber material consists of 100% synthetic fibers.
Als flächenförmige Textilmaterialien, die in dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten faserverstärkten Werkstoff enthalten sind, kommen Gewirke/Gestricke, Gelege oder Vliese und insbesondere Gewebe in Betracht. Das Fasermaterial der flächenförmigen Textilmaterialien kann in glatter oder gekräuselter (texturierter) Form und in Form von Stapelfasern, Stapelfasergarnen oder Multifilamentgarnen vorliegen. Handelt es sich bei dem in dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoff enthaltenen flächenförmigen Textilmaterial um ein Miesmaterial, so besteht das Fasermaterial in der Regel aus gekräuselten Stapelfasern. Die Stapellänge dieser Fasern liegt in der Regel zwischen 20 und 200 mm. Mit Rücksicht auf besondere Festigkeitsanforderungen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, mit Stapelfasern von ca. 60 bis 150 mm Länge zu arbeiten. Besonders vorteilhaft für den erfindungsgemäßen Einsatzzweck sind Vliesmaterialien aus Stapelfasern mit einer mittleren Stapellänge von 40 bis 120 mm. Die in den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffen verwendeten Vliese können zweckmäßigerweise noch durch eine Wärmebehandlung, z. B. durch Kalandrieren, insbesondere mit Prägekalandern oder durch eine Binderverfestigung, beispielsweise durch einen hitzehärtenden Binder oder durch Binderfilamente mit relativ hohem Schmelzpunkt oder auch durch mechanische Mittel wie z. B. durch Nadeln vorverfestigt werden.As sheet-like textile materials which are contained in the fiber-reinforced material used according to the invention, knitted fabrics / knitted fabrics, scrims or nonwovens and in particular woven fabrics come into consideration. The fiber material of the sheet-like textile materials can be in smooth or crimped (textured) form and in the form of staple fibers, staple fiber yarns or multifilament yarns. If the sheet-like textile material contained in the material used according to the invention is a gritty material, the fiber material generally consists of crimped staple fibers. The staple length of these fibers is usually between 20 and 200 mm. In view of special strength requirements, it is particularly advantageous to work with staple fibers of approximately 60 to 150 mm in length. Non-woven materials made of staple fibers with an average staple length of 40 to 120 mm are particularly advantageous for the purpose of use according to the invention. The nonwovens used in the materials used according to the invention can expediently still by heat treatment, for. B. by calendering, in particular with embossing calenders or by binding strengthening, for example by a heat-curing binder or by binder filaments with a relatively high melting point or by mechanical means such as. B. pre-consolidated by needles.
Gewebe und Gewirke/Gestricke können aus glatten oder vorzugsweise aus texturierten Multifilamentgarnen oder vorzugsweise aus sekundär gesponnenen Stapelfasergarnen bestehen. Unter texturiertem Garn soll jedes in an sich bekannter Weise strukturierte Garn verstanden werden, insbesondere auch Effektgarne wie z. B. Schlingengarne, die aufgrund von Fäserchen und Schlingen, die von der Fadenoberfläche abstehen oder durch bei der Herstellung eingebrachten Dickstellen oder "Bauchbinden" einen die Haftung mit dem Matrixharz verbessernden Effekt aufweisen. Die Flächengewichte der in dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoff enthaltenen flächenförmigen Textilmaterialien liegen zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von 100 bis 280, vorzugsweise 120 bis 250, insbesondere im Bereich von 120 bis 150 g/qm.Woven and knitted fabrics / knitted fabrics can consist of smooth or preferably of textured multifilament yarns or preferably of secondary spun staple fiber yarns. Textured yarn should be understood to mean any yarn structured in a manner known per se, in particular also fancy yarns such. B. loop yarns which have an adhesion-improving effect with the matrix resin due to fibers and loops which protrude from the thread surface or through thick spots or "abdominal bandages" introduced during production. The basis weights of the sheet-like textile materials contained in the material used according to the invention are expediently in the range from 100 to 280, preferably 120 to 250, in particular in the range from 120 to 150 g /
Besonders bevorzugt verwendet man solche Werkstoffe, deren textiles Flächengebilde aus einem Stapelfasergarn besteht, das aus 100 % synthetischen Fasern besteht. Die Stapelfasergarne ihrerseits können vorliegen als Einfachgarne, als Zwirne und sie können sonstige bekannte Spinn- oder Zwirneffekte aufweisen.It is particularly preferred to use materials whose textile fabric consists of a staple fiber yarn that consists of 100% synthetic fibers. The staple fiber yarns in turn can be in the form of single yarns or twists and they can have other known spinning or twisting effects.
Als textiles Flächengebilde zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffe verwendet man insbesondere Gewebe mit Leinwandbindung. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform bestehen diese Gewebe aus Stapelfasergarnen, insbesondere aus Stapelfasergarnen auf der Basis von hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasern.Fabrics with a plain weave are used in particular as textile fabrics for producing the materials used according to the invention. In a particularly preferred embodiment, these fabrics consist of staple fiber yarns, in particular staple fiber yarns based on high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers.
Das in den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffen enthaltene Fasermaterial ist zumindest zu 30 % synthetisch. Als Naturfasern, die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoffen enthalten sein können, kommen insbesondere Cellulosefasern wie z. B. Baumwolle- oder Jutefasern in Betracht. Als Synthesefasern, aus denen die in den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Werkstoffen enthaltenen flächenförmigen Textilmaterialien überwiegend, oder vorzugsweise ausschließlich, aufgebaut sind, kommen im Prinzip alle bekannten hochfesten, hochmoduligen, ausreichend temperaturbeständigen Synthesefasern wie z. B. teil- oder vollaromatische Polyamidfasern, teil- oder vollaromatische Polyesterfasern, oder hochfeste Polyacrylnitrilfasern in oxidierter oder nicht-oxidierter Form in Betracht. In Bezug auf das Preis/Leistungs-Verhältnis, und insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Haftung zwischen Fasermaterial und dem Duroplastharz und im Hinblick auf die Haftung der flächenförmigen Platten oder Bänder mit den übrigen Komponenten des Skis ist der Einsatz von Phenolharzen als Duroplast und die Verwendung von textilen Flächengebilden aus Polyacrylnitrilfasern besonders vorteilhaft. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Einsatz der hochfesten Typen dieser Synthesefasern. Wie oben bereits ausgeführt, können die Synthesefasern in gekräuselter oder nicht-gekräuselter Form und als Endlos- oder Stapelfaser vorliegen, je nach Art des textilen Flächengebildes. Die Titer der Synthesefasern liegen zweckmäßigerweise bei 0,7 bis 9 dtex, insbesondere bei 1,0 bis 6,7 dtex.The fiber material contained in the materials used according to the invention is at least 30% synthetic. As natural fibers, which can be contained in the materials used according to the invention, come in particular cellulose fibers such. B. cotton or jute fibers into consideration. Synthetic fibers from which the sheet-like textile materials contained in the materials used according to the invention are predominantly, or preferably exclusively, constructed are, in principle, all known high-strength, high-modulus, sufficiently temperature-resistant synthetic fibers such as, for. B. partially or fully aromatic polyamide fibers, partially or fully aromatic polyester fibers, or high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers in oxidized or non-oxidized form. With regard to the price / performance ratio, and in particular with regard to the adhesion between the fiber material and the thermosetting resin and with regard to the adhesion of the flat plates or bands with the other components of the ski, the use of phenolic resins as a thermoset and the use of Textile fabrics made of polyacrylonitrile fibers are particularly advantageous. The use of the high-strength types of these synthetic fibers is particularly preferred. As already stated above, the synthetic fibers can be in crimped or non-crimped form and as continuous or staple fiber, depending on the type of textile fabric. The titer of the synthetic fibers is advantageously 0.7 to 9 dtex, in particular 1.0 to 6.7 dtex.
Für andere hochtemperaturbeständige Fasern sind in etwa gleiche Titerbereiche einzusetzen, welche für den Einzelfall durch entsprechende Vorversuche ermittelt werden können. Die Festigkeit der zweckmäßigerweise eingesetzten hochfesten Fasertypen liegt bei Polyethylenterephthalat im Bereich von 65 bis 75 cN/tex, bei hochfesten Polyacrylnitriltypen bei über 55 cN/tex. Die Höchstzugkraftdehnung der zweckmäßigerweise eingesetzen Synthesefasern liegt für Polyethylenterephthalat im Bereich von 14 bis 17 %, für die besonders bevorzugten Polyacrylnitrilfasertypen im Bereich von 8 bis 17 %.Approximately the same titer ranges are to be used for other high-temperature resistant fibers, which can be determined for the individual case by appropriate preliminary tests. The strength of the high-strength fiber types expediently used is in the range from 65 to 75 cN / tex for polyethylene terephthalate, and over 55 cN / tex for high-strength polyacrylonitrile types. The maximum tensile strength elongation of the synthetic fibers which are expediently used is in the range from 14 to 17% for polyethylene terephthalate and in the range from 8 to 17% for the particularly preferred types of polyacrylonitrile fiber.
Besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Werkstoffe enthalten flächenförmige Textilmaterialien, insbesondere Gewebe, Gelege oder Vliese aus hochverstreckten, nicht oxidierten Polyacrylnitrilfasern, die beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung RDolanit in den Typen 12 und 15 im Handel sind. Hierbei handelt es sich um gekräuselte Langfasertypen (Schnittlänge ca. 30-100 mm), die durch eine gute Haftung innerhalb des Garnverbundes charakterisiert sind und sich daher gut zu Garnen/Geweben und Vliesen verarbeiten lassen. Derartige hochfeste Fasern zeichnen sich gegenüber textilen Polyacrylnitrilfasern durch eine nahezu doppelt so hohe Faser-Festigkeit, sowie durch ihre gute Chemikalien- und Temperaturbeständigkeit aus. Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffs enthält beispielsweise ein Gewirke/Gestrick oder insbesondere ein Gewebe aus einem gekräuselten, gezwirnten Stapeffasergarn aus der hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasertype RDolanit 15 oder aber ein Vlies aus gekräuselten Stapelfasern aus der hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasertype ®Dolanit 12. Wie bereits oben ausgeführt, werden als Duroplastharze vorzugsweise Phenolharze eingesetzt.Particularly preferred materials used according to the invention contain sheet-like textile materials, in particular fabrics, scrims or nonwovens made from highly stretched, non-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, which are commercially available, for example, under the name R Dolanit in
Als Phenolharz sind in den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten faserverstärkten Werkstoffen bekannte Kondensationsprodukte von Phenol und Phenolderivaten mit Aldehyden, insbesondere mit Formaldehyd enthalten. Als Phenolderivate kommen insbesondere in Betracht substituierte Phenole, insbesondere alkylsubstituierte Phenole wie z. B. Kresole, Xylenole und andere Alkylphenole wie z.B. p-tert.-Butylphenol, Octylphenol und Nonylphenol aber auch Arylphenole, wie z.B. Phenylphenol, Naphtole, und 2-wertige Phenole wie z.B. Resorcin und Bisphenol A. Als Phenolharze im Sinne dieser Erfindung sind sowohl die Kondensationsprodukte der genannten Einzelverbindungen als auch Kondensationsprodukte von Mischungen der obengenannten Phenole und Phenolderivate mit Aldehyden, insbesondere mit Formaldehyd zu verstehen. Sollen Einzelverbindungen zur Herstellung der Phenolharze eingesetzt werden, so ist zu beachten, daß diese eine mindestens dreifache Funktionalität gegenüber dem Aldehyd haben müssen. Die genannten Phenolharze können auch in an sich bekannter Weise zur Optimierung besonderer Eigenschaften durch Zusätze ungesättigter natürlicher oder synthetischer Verbindungen wie z. B. Holzöl, Kolophonium oder Styrol modifiziert sein. Besonders bevorzugt sind Kondensationsprodukte von Formaldehyd mit Phenol selbst und Mischungen von Phenol mit geringeren Anteilen der genannten Phenolderivate, insbesondere der genannten alkylsubstituierten Phenole.Known condensation products of phenol and phenol derivatives with aldehydes, in particular with formaldehyde, are contained as phenolic resin in the fiber-reinforced materials used according to the invention. Suitable phenol derivatives are, in particular, substituted phenols, in particular alkyl-substituted phenols such as, for. B. cresols, xylenols and other alkylphenols such as e.g. p-tert-butylphenol, octylphenol and nonylphenol but also arylphenols, e.g. Phenylphenol, naphthols, and dihydric phenols such as e.g. Resorcinol and bisphenol A. For the purposes of this invention, phenolic resins are to be understood as meaning both the condensation products of the individual compounds mentioned and also condensation products of mixtures of the above-mentioned phenols and phenol derivatives with aldehydes, in particular with formaldehyde. If individual compounds are to be used to prepare the phenolic resins, it should be noted that these must have at least three times the functionality compared to the aldehyde. The phenolic resins mentioned can also in a manner known per se to optimize special properties by adding unsaturated natural or synthetic compounds such as. B. be modified wood oil, rosin or styrene. Condensation products of formaldehyde with phenol itself and mixtures of phenol with smaller proportions of the phenol derivatives mentioned, in particular the alkyl-substituted phenols mentioned, are particularly preferred.
Die in den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffen enthaltene Phenolharze weisen üblicherweise ein Molverhältnis von Phenol zu Formaldehyd von 1 : 1 bis 1 : 3, vorzugsweise von 1 : 1,2 bis 1 : 2,2 auf. Geeignete Phenolharze sind beispielsweise unter der Typenbezeichnung Phenodur VPR 45 im Handel.The phenolic resins contained in the materials used according to the invention usually have a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably of 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.2. Suitable phenolic resins are commercially available, for example, under the type designation Phenodur VPR 45.
Das in dem erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten faserverstärkten Werkstoff enthaltene Phenolharz enthält vorzugsweise zusätzlich noch ein oder mehrere Substanzen, die als plastifizierende Komponenten dienen, d.h. die den Elastizitätsbereich des Harzes erweitern. Derartige Mittel sind in dem Phenolharz zweckmäßigerweise in einer Menge von 1 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 4 bis 7 Gew.-% enthalten. Als besonders geeignete plastifizierende Komponenten haben sich Epoxidharze, Alkydharze, sowie Derivate des Polyvinylalkohols wie Polyvinylacetale, vorzugsweise Polyvinylbutyral erwiesen. Bevorzugte Polyvinylbutyraltypen sind in niederen aliphatischen Alkoholen löslich, weisen einen Acetalisierungsgrad von 60 bis 75 %, vorzugsweise von 68 bis 72 % aufund eine 6 %ige methanolische Lösung des bevorzugten Polyvinylbutyrals hat bei 20°C eine Viskosität von 2 bis 20, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 mPa.s.The contained in the fiber-reinforced material used according to the invention Phenolic resin preferably additionally contains one or more substances which serve as plasticizing components, ie which expand the elastic range of the resin. Such agents are advantageously contained in the phenolic resin in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, in particular 4 to 7% by weight. Epoxy resins, alkyd resins and derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol, such as polyvinyl acetals, preferably polyvinyl butyral, have proven to be particularly suitable plasticizing components. Preferred types of polyvinyl butyral are soluble in lower aliphatic alcohols, have a degree of acetalization of 60 to 75%, preferably 68 to 72% and a 6% methanolic solution of the preferred polyvinyl butyral has a viscosity of 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 6, at 20 ° C mPa.s.
Das in den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Werkstoffen enthaltene Duroplastharz, insbesondere das Phenolharz, kann über die angegebenen Zusätze hinaus noch weitere in Phenolharzen übliche Zusätze wie beispielsweise Entschäumer, Netzmittel, Verlaufmittel, Haftvermittler oder auch weitere Plastifizierungsmittel sowie latente Härter enthalten. Diese Zusätze können, sofern sie gewünscht werden, in einem Anteil von bis zu 2 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,1 bis 1 Gew.-% im Duroplastharz enthalten sein.The thermosetting resin contained in the materials used according to the invention, in particular the phenolic resin, can contain, in addition to the additives mentioned, other additives customary in phenolic resins such as, for example, defoamers, wetting agents, leveling agents, adhesion promoters or also other plasticizers and latent hardeners. If desired, these additives can be present in the thermosetting resin in a proportion of up to 2% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1% by weight.
Je nach der gewünschten Stärke der flächenförmigen Platten oder Bänder, die aus den faserverstärkten Werkstoffen hergestellt werden sollen, weist der Werkstoff eine entsprechende Anzahl Lagen des flächenförmigen Textilmaterials auf.Depending on the desired thickness of the flat plates or strips that are to be produced from the fiber-reinforced materials, the material has a corresponding number of layers of the flat textile material.
Das in den erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten faserverstärkten Werkstoffen enthaltene Phenolharz liegt praktisch im ausgehärteten, d. h. vernetzten Zustand vor.The phenolic resin contained in the fiber-reinforced materials used according to the invention is practically in the cured, ie. H. networked state before.
Besonders bevorzugt verwendet man solche Ausführungsformen des Werkstoffs, der eine Kombination mehrerer der obengenannten bevorzugten Merkmale aufweist.Such embodiments of the material which has a combination of several of the preferred features mentioned above are particularly preferably used.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten flächenförmigen Platten oder Bänder erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise dadurch, daß eine Bahn des oben beschriebenen flächenförmigen Textilmaterials in einer geeigneten Weise, beispielsweise durch Tränken, Pflatschen, Bürsten oder Rakeln miteiner Lösung eines oben beschriebenen Duroplastharzes imprägniert wird, die gegebenenfalls eine oder mehrere der oben angegebenen Zusatzstoffe enthält, so daß das imprägnierte Material einen Faseranteil, gerechnet fest auf fest, zu 30 bis 70 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zu 40 bis 60 Gew.-% aus Fasermaterial besteht. Das so erhaltene Imprägnat wird, nach einem Trocknungsprozess bis zur Klebfreiheit, bei dem der überwiegende Teil des Lösungsmittels und gegebenenfalls Wasser entzogen wird und bei dem das Harz, zur Einstellung des Fließ- und Härtungsverhaltens, einer Weiterkondensation unterworfen wird, zu mehreren Lagen gestapelt und durch Anwendung von Druck und Wärme in die gewünschte flächenförmige Form gebracht. Zur Herstellung flächenförmiger Platten oder Bänder wird das trockene Prepreg in passende Abschnitte geschnitten, die übereinandergestapelt unter Druck einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen werden, wobei die Lagen durch das Fließen des Harzes miteinander verschmelzen.The production of the sheet-like plates or used according to the invention Tapes are made in a manner known per se by impregnating a web of the sheet-like textile material described above in a suitable manner, for example by impregnation, slapping, brushing or knife coating, with a solution of a thermosetting resin described above, which optionally contains one or more of the additives mentioned above , so that the impregnated material consists of fiber, calculated from solid to solid, to 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably to 40 to 60 wt .-% of fiber material. The impregnate obtained in this way is, after a drying process until tack-free, in which the major part of the solvent and possibly water is removed and in which the resin is subjected to further condensation in order to adjust the flow and hardening behavior, stacked in several layers and through Application of pressure and heat brought into the desired sheet-like shape. To produce sheet-like plates or strips, the dry prepreg is cut into suitable sections, which are stacked on top of one another and subjected to a heat treatment under pressure, the layers melting together as the resin flows.
Aus den so hergestellten flächenförmigen Platten oder Bändern aus dem faserverstärkten Werkstoff können anschließend durch an sich übliche Herstellungsverfahren die erfindungsgemäßen Ski hergestellt werden.The skis according to the invention can then be produced from the sheet-like plates or bands made of the fiber-reinforced material and thus produced using conventional manufacturing processes.
Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten faserverstärkten flächenförmigen Platten oder Bänder zeichnen sich durch eine besonders hohe Flexibilität und hohes Rückstellvermögen, durch geringe Neigung zum Delaminieren und durch hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber hohen Temperaturen und lösend und/oder quellend wirkenden Flüssigkeiten aus. Fernerweisen diese flächenförmige Platten oder Bänder eine sehr hohe mechanische Festigkeit bei sehr günstigem Verschleißverhalten und hoher Verschleißfestigkeit auf, sowie eine geringe Wasseraufnahme.The fiber-reinforced sheet-like plates or strips used according to the invention are distinguished by a particularly high flexibility and high resilience, by a low tendency to delaminate and by a high resistance to high temperatures and solvents and / or swelling liquids. Furthermore, these sheet-like plates or strips have a very high mechanical strength with very favorable wear behavior and high wear resistance, as well as a low water absorption.
Hervorzuheben ist ferner die sehr gute Bearbeitbarkeit, der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Platten oder Bänder, wodurch außerordentlich glatte Oberflächen erhalten werden, die außerordentlich homogen und geschlossen sind. Üblicherweise werden daher die Oberflächen dieser Bänder oder Platten durch Schleifen aufgerauht, um eine verbesserte Haftung mit den daraus sich anschließenden Schichten, wie Lackschichten, zu gewährleisten.Also to be emphasized is the very good machinability of the plates or strips used according to the invention, as a result of which extremely smooth surfaces be obtained that are extremely homogeneous and closed. The surfaces of these tapes or plates are therefore usually roughened by grinding in order to ensure improved adhesion with the subsequent layers, such as lacquer layers.
In der Regel wird der erfindungsgemäße Ski aus Schichten unterschiedlichster Materialien bestehen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, einen Ski nur oder hauptsächlich aus den oben gekennzeichneten flächenförmigen Platten oder Bändern aufzubauen.As a rule, the ski according to the invention will consist of layers of different materials. However, it is also possible to build a ski only or mainly from the flat plates or bands identified above.
Der erfindungsgemäße Ski wird anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Querschnitte beispielhaft beschrieben.The ski according to the invention is described by way of example using the cross sections shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In Figur 1 ist ein Kern (6) schematisch dargestellt, der aus mehreren Einheiten, beispielsweise aus Holzklötzen, besteht, die miteinander verleimt sind. An den Seiten des Kerns sind Seitenwangen (7) angebracht, die vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff bestehen. An der Oberseitenfläche des Kerns (6) ist ein breiter Obergurt (8) und an der Unterseitenfläche des Kerns (6) ist ein breiter Untergurt (5) angebracht. Sowohl Obergurt (8) als auch Untergurt (5) bestehen in dieser Ausführungsform aus glasfaser-verstärktem Kunststoff. Unterhalb des breiten Untergurtes (5) sind zwei Gummistreifen (4) angebracht. Ferner schließt sich unterhalb des breiten Untergurtes (5) ein schmaler Untergurt (3) an. Dieser besteht in dieser Ausführungsform aus flächenförmigen Bändern aus einem Gewebe aus hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasern, das ein ausgehärtetes Phenol-Formaldehydharz enthält. Der Ski wird nach unten hin von der Lauffläche (2), beispielsweise aus Polyethylen, und von den Kanten (1), beispielsweise aus Stahl, abgeschlossen. An den breiten Obergurt (8) schließen sich noch mehrere Lagen unterschiedlichster Materialien an. Im vorliegenden Falle handelt es sich dabei um zwei Prepregs (9), beispielsweise aus glasfaser-verstärktem Kunststoff, um eine Oberkante (10) aus Metall, um einen schmalen Obergurt (11) aus glasfaser-verstärktem Kunststoff, sowie um weitere Schichten (20) und (12) aus Prepregs.In Figure 1, a core (6) is shown schematically, which consists of several units, for example wooden blocks, which are glued together. Sidewalls (7) are attached to the sides of the core and are preferably made of plastic. A wide top flange (8) is attached to the top surface of the core (6) and a wide bottom flange (5) is attached to the bottom surface of the core (6). In this embodiment, both the top flange (8) and bottom flange (5) are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Two rubber strips (4) are attached below the wide lower flange (5). Furthermore, a narrow lower flange (3) follows below the wide lower flange (5). In this embodiment, this consists of flat strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin. The ski is closed at the bottom by the tread (2), for example made of polyethylene, and from the edges (1), for example made of steel. The wide top flange (8) is followed by several layers of different materials. In the present case, these are two prepregs (9), for example made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, an upper edge (10) made of metal, a narrow upper flange (11) made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and further layers (20) and (12) prepregs.
In Figur 2 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Skis dargestellt. Hierbei sind um den Kern (6) und die Seitenwangen (7) herum breite Obergurte (8) und (9) und Untergurte (5) aus glasfaser-verstärktem Kunststoff angebracht. Die Konstruktion wird durch Gummistreifen (4) unterlegt. Unterhalb des breiten Untergurtes (5) schließt sich ein schmaler Untergurt (3) an. Dieser besteht in dieser Ausführungsform aus flächenförmigen Bändern aus einem Gewebe aus hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasern, das ein ausgehärtetes Phenol-Formaldehydharz enthält. Der Ski wird nach unten hin von der Lauffläche (2), beispielsweise aus Polyethylen, und von den Kanten (1), beispielsweise aus Stahl, abgeschlossen. Zwischen schmalem Untergurt (3) und Lauffläche (2) ist in dieser Ausführungsform noch eine Metallschiene (17), z.B. aus Auminium, angebracht.A further embodiment of the ski according to the invention is shown in FIG. Wide top straps (8) and (9) and bottom straps (5) made of glass fiber reinforced plastic are attached around the core (6) and the side cheeks (7). The construction is supported by rubber strips (4). A narrow lower flange (3) is connected below the wide lower flange (5). In this embodiment, this consists of flat strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin. The ski is closed at the bottom by the tread (2), for example made of polyethylene, and from the edges (1), for example made of steel. In this embodiment, between the narrow lower flange (3) and the running surface (2) there is also a metal rail (17), e.g. made of aluminum.
In einer weiteren, hier nicht dargestellten, besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform entspricht der erfindungsgemäße Ski einer der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform, bei der folgende Abwandlungen vorgenommen wurden:
Anstelle der Prepregs (9) werden zwei Metallschienen, z.B. aus Aluminium, eingesetzt; anstelle der Oberkante aus Metall (10) und des schmalen Obergurtes (11) werden eine oder zwei Schichten aus glasfaser-verstärktem Kunststoff eingesetzt; anstelle der weiteren Schichten (20) und (12) aus Prepregs werden eine oder zwei Schichten aus flächenförmigen Bändern aus einem Gewebe aus hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilfasern, das ein ausgehärtetes Phenol-Formaldehydharz enthält, eingesetzt. Bei dieser besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden also sowohl oberhalb als auch unterhalb des Kerns (6) Bänder aus dem hochflexiblen Werkstoff eingesetzt.In a further, particularly preferred embodiment not shown here, the ski according to the invention corresponds to one of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which the following modifications have been made:
Instead of the prepregs (9), two metal rails, for example made of aluminum, are used; instead of the top edge made of metal (10) and the narrow top flange (11), one or two layers of glass fiber reinforced plastic are used; Instead of the further layers (20) and (12) of prepregs, one or two layers of sheet-like strips made of a fabric made of high-strength polyacrylonitrile fibers, which contains a hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin, are used. In this particularly preferred embodiment, strips made of the highly flexible material are used both above and below the core (6).
Das folgende Beispiel beschreibt die Herstellung eines Prepregs, das nach der Aushärtung als flächenförmige Platte oder Band vorzugsweise im erfindungsgemäßen Ski eingesetzt werden kann.The following example describes the production of a prepreg which, after curing, can be used as a sheet or tape in the ski according to the invention.
Die Tränkwanne einer Imprägnieranlage wird mit einer Harzmischung aus 100 kg Phenolharz, 65 %ig in Methanol (®Phenodur VPR 45 der Firma Hoechst AG), 26 kg Polyvinylbutyral, 25 %ig in Ethanol (®Mowital B 30 T der Firma Hoechst AG), 0,2 kg eines Entschäumers und 7,9 kg organisches Lösungsmittel auf der Basis eines teilveretherten niedermolekularen Alkandiols befüllt.The impregnation system is impregnated with a resin mixture of 100 kg phenolic resin, 65% in methanol (®Phenodur VPR 45 from Hoechst AG), 26 kg polyvinylbutyral, 25% in ethanol (®Mowital B 30 T from Hoechst AG), 0.2 kg of a defoamer and 7.9 kg of organic solvent based on a partially etherified low molecular weight alkanediol.
Mit dieser Harzmasse wurde ein Gewebe aus einem gezwirnten hochfesten Polyacrylnitrilstapelfasergarn (®Dolanit 15 der Firma Hoechst AG) mit einem Flächengewicht von ca. 225 g/qm auf einer Imprägnieranlage mit einer Imprägniergeschwindigkeit von 5 m/min getränkt und anschließend bei einer Temperatur zwischen 130 und 150 °C getrocknet. Das erhaltene Prepreg wies folgende Eigenschaften auf:
- Harzgehalt:
- ca. 46 %,
- Harzfluß:
- 14 - 17 %
- Resin content:
- approx. 46%,
- Harz river:
- 14 - 17%
Zur Bestimmung des Harzflusses werden 4 Lagen Prepreg mit der Abmessung 10 x 10 cm 10 Minuten bei 150 °C und einem spezifischen Preßdruckvon 5 - 6 bar verpreßt. Der ausgepreßte Harzanteil wurde quantitativ erfaßt und gibt in Prozent des Ausgangsgewichts den sog. Harzfluß an.To determine the resin flow, 4 layers of prepreg measuring 10 x 10 cm are pressed for 10 minutes at 150 ° C and a specific pressure of 5-6 bar. The amount of resin pressed out was recorded quantitatively and gives the so-called resin flow in percent of the initial weight.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4041740 | 1990-12-24 | ||
DE4041740A DE4041740A1 (en) | 1990-12-24 | 1990-12-24 | SKI CONTAINS FLOOR-FORMED PLATES OR BAENDER FROM A FIBER-REINFORCED MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0492498A1 true EP0492498A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
EP0492498B1 EP0492498B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
Family
ID=6421415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91121934A Expired - Lifetime EP0492498B1 (en) | 1990-12-24 | 1991-12-20 | Ski containing flat strips or layers of fiber reinforced material |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5591509A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0492498B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04314467A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE115877T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2058314A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ280868B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4041740A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2067841T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI94392C (en) |
HU (1) | HUT61901A (en) |
NO (1) | NO176084C (en) |
PL (1) | PL169398B1 (en) |
YU (1) | YU48151B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2771939A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-06-11 | Rossignol Sa | SNOW SURF CORE |
WO2010094861A1 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Sinaxis | Board for practicing acrobatic jumps on a trampoline |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5769445A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1998-06-23 | Morrow Snowboards, Inc. | Snowboard |
US5823545A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1998-10-20 | Goeckel; Gregory W. | Roller skate chassis |
WO1999016514A1 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-08 | Volant Sports L.L.C. | Snowboard with selectively added structural components |
FR2781165B1 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-08-25 | Rossignol Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SKI OR OTHER SNOWBOARD |
US6431604B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2002-08-13 | Gregory W. Goeckel | Inline roller skate with attached slider plate |
FR2800100B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-11-16 | Chomarat & Cie | TABLECLOTH TEXTILE MATERIAL FOR TECHNICAL USES |
US6837512B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-01-04 | David M. Long | Apparatus for improving human mobility on snow surfaces |
US6648363B2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-11-18 | Shale Gordon | Composite sports board such as a skateboard deck |
DE10236959B4 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-10-07 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multi-layer film for the construction of skis |
US6846161B2 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2005-01-25 | Baxter International Inc. | Blood component processing systems and methods using fluid-actuated pumping elements that are integrity tested prior to use |
US6764754B1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-20 | The Boeing Company | Composite material with improved damping characteristics and method of making same |
US7347431B2 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-03-25 | Chomp, Inc. | Skateboard deck construction |
TWI300802B (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-09-11 | Foxconn Tech Co Ltd | Thermal interface material and semiconductor device |
US20070252362A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Scott Burwell | Hybrid skateboard deck |
CN200963503Y (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2007-10-24 | 荣和丽科技(深圳)有限公司 | Skis with ends protective device |
US20080054578A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Sbf Systems Inc. | Ski having front and rear protective mechanism |
US7810824B2 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-10-12 | Chomp, Inc. | Skateboard deck |
FR2916983B1 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2010-08-13 | Salomon Sa | SLIDING OR ROLLING BOARD |
DE102011010371A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Ecco Gleittechnik Gmbh | Composite material based on a natural fiber reinforced plastic |
KR101908156B1 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2018-10-15 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | Fiber reinforced composite material |
FR3007413B1 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2020-11-27 | Les Stratifies | PROCESS FOR EDGING COMPOSITE PANELS, TAPE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS, PANEL OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS. |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2332129A1 (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-06-17 | Chemie Linz Ag | Ski parts laminate prodn. - from thermosetting resin impregnated glass fibre layer overlayed in partially set state with impermeable top layers under pressure |
US4556237A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1985-12-03 | Olin Corporation | Alpine ski with selective reinforcement |
EP0235087A1 (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-09-02 | Atomic Skifabrik Alois Rohrmoser | Reinforcing element intended for impregnation with a resin and the use of such an element |
FR2611346A1 (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1988-09-02 | Isovolta | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIS |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE456318B (en) * | 1982-06-17 | 1988-09-26 | Tallinsk Polt Inst | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING OUTSIDE OF SKI |
FR2588575B1 (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1988-02-26 | Brochier Sa | FABRIC BASED ON GLASS AND CARBON FIBERS AND ARTICLES COMPRISING SUCH A FABRIC |
US5035764A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1991-07-30 | Wasatch Fiber Group, Inc. | Cohesive finishes for composite materials |
US5056807A (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1991-10-15 | Norton Company | Ski construction |
-
1990
- 1990-12-24 DE DE4041740A patent/DE4041740A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-12-16 YU YU194291A patent/YU48151B/en unknown
- 1991-12-20 DE DE59103988T patent/DE59103988D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-20 ES ES91121934T patent/ES2067841T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-20 EP EP91121934A patent/EP0492498B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-20 FI FI916075A patent/FI94392C/en active
- 1991-12-20 US US07/811,312 patent/US5591509A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-20 AT AT91121934T patent/ATE115877T1/en active
- 1991-12-23 NO NO915091A patent/NO176084C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-23 HU HU914098A patent/HUT61901A/en unknown
- 1991-12-23 PL PL91292941A patent/PL169398B1/en unknown
- 1991-12-23 CA CA002058314A patent/CA2058314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-12-23 CZ CS914047A patent/CZ280868B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-24 JP JP3341145A patent/JPH04314467A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2332129A1 (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-06-17 | Chemie Linz Ag | Ski parts laminate prodn. - from thermosetting resin impregnated glass fibre layer overlayed in partially set state with impermeable top layers under pressure |
US4556237A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1985-12-03 | Olin Corporation | Alpine ski with selective reinforcement |
EP0235087A1 (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-09-02 | Atomic Skifabrik Alois Rohrmoser | Reinforcing element intended for impregnation with a resin and the use of such an element |
FR2611346A1 (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1988-09-02 | Isovolta | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIS |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2771939A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-06-11 | Rossignol Sa | SNOW SURF CORE |
EP0922473A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-06-16 | Skis Rossignol S.A. | Core for snowboard |
WO2010094861A1 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Sinaxis | Board for practicing acrobatic jumps on a trampoline |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUT61901A (en) | 1993-03-29 |
NO176084C (en) | 1995-02-01 |
FI916075A0 (en) | 1991-12-20 |
YU48151B (en) | 1997-05-28 |
DE4041740A1 (en) | 1992-06-25 |
CS404791A3 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
PL292941A1 (en) | 1992-07-13 |
FI94392B (en) | 1995-05-31 |
YU194291A (en) | 1994-12-28 |
NO176084B (en) | 1994-10-24 |
NO915091D0 (en) | 1991-12-23 |
JPH04314467A (en) | 1992-11-05 |
FI94392C (en) | 1995-09-11 |
FI916075A (en) | 1992-06-25 |
ES2067841T3 (en) | 1995-04-01 |
PL169398B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
NO915091L (en) | 1992-06-25 |
HU914098D0 (en) | 1992-04-28 |
CA2058314A1 (en) | 1992-06-25 |
DE59103988D1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
US5591509A (en) | 1997-01-07 |
EP0492498B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
ATE115877T1 (en) | 1995-01-15 |
CZ280868B6 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0492498B1 (en) | Ski containing flat strips or layers of fiber reinforced material | |
DE602004004371T2 (en) | Prepregs for use in the construction of layers of composite materials and process for their preparation | |
DE60123177T2 (en) | Fiberglass mat, process and laminate | |
DE69530376T2 (en) | REINFORCEMENT BOARD WITH A CELLULOSE-BASED SURFACE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR REINFORCING A WOOD STRUCTURE, AND THE REINFORCED WOOD STRUCTURE | |
EP0798102B1 (en) | Sandwich structure wth a self-sticking prepreg | |
DE69526669T2 (en) | UNIDIRECTIONAL RIBBON WITH LOW RESIN | |
DE4010694A1 (en) | FIBER REINFORCED MATERIAL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND ITS USE | |
EP0641988B1 (en) | Layered product, method and use of an adhesive for the manufacturing of such a product | |
DE69020554T2 (en) | WEAR-RESISTANT MULTI-LAYERED ITEMS. | |
DE102012006689A1 (en) | Process for the production of wet-laid nonwovens, in particular glass fiber webs | |
DE9017438U1 (en) | Skis containing sheet-like plates or strips made of a fibre-reinforced material | |
DE2314172A1 (en) | Three layer fibre reinforcement - fibres laid without weaving then bonded | |
EP0097921B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of laminated products, and these products | |
EP0473734B1 (en) | Flexible self-adhesive floor covering, especially for aircraft | |
DE2948257C2 (en) | Decorative laminate board and process for its manufacture | |
DE2907707A1 (en) | Laminated plate - having fibrous layers, one of which is of woven mineral fibre, compressed with resin | |
EP0898053B1 (en) | Pump vane made of wear-resistant sheet material | |
DE69122976T2 (en) | Reinforcing fiber sheet and method for reinforcing a structure with the reinforcing fiber sheet | |
DE3143202A1 (en) | LAMINATE PLATE AND METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A LAMINATE PLATE | |
DE4015502A1 (en) | TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT INSERT AND FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE | |
EP0391888B1 (en) | High-temperature resistant stacking support | |
DE4105472A1 (en) | Flexible floor covering for aircraft | |
DE1669960A1 (en) | Reinforcement made of fiberglass | |
DE4227132A1 (en) | Resin mixt. contg. phenolic and epoxy] resins | |
DE2600985A1 (en) | Fibrous sheet for covering asbestos cement panels - impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin, giving firm bonding to panel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920817 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19931001 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19941221 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19941221 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19941221 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19941221 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 115877 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19950115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59103988 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950202 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19950223 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2067841 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19951231 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19961115 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19961205 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971220 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19971220 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981221 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20001011 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20001102 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20001205 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20001214 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20001221 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011220 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011221 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011231 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020702 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 91121934.3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020830 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 19990114 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051220 |