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EP0303818A2 - Screwless junction and/or connection terminal - Google Patents

Screwless junction and/or connection terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303818A2
EP0303818A2 EP88111000A EP88111000A EP0303818A2 EP 0303818 A2 EP0303818 A2 EP 0303818A2 EP 88111000 A EP88111000 A EP 88111000A EP 88111000 A EP88111000 A EP 88111000A EP 0303818 A2 EP0303818 A2 EP 0303818A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
busbar
recess
screwless
terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88111000A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0303818B1 (en
EP0303818A3 (en
Inventor
Franz Schrauder
Christian Süss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Electric GmbH
Original Assignee
F Wieland Elektrische Industrie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by F Wieland Elektrische Industrie GmbH filed Critical F Wieland Elektrische Industrie GmbH
Priority to AT88111000T priority Critical patent/ATE85864T1/en
Publication of EP0303818A2 publication Critical patent/EP0303818A2/en
Publication of EP0303818A3 publication Critical patent/EP0303818A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0303818B1 publication Critical patent/EP0303818B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4811—Spring details
    • H01R4/4816—Spring details the spring shape preventing insertion of the conductor end when the spring is unbiased
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4846—Busbar details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4828—Spring-activating arrangements mounted on or integrally formed with the spring housing
    • H01R4/4833—Sliding arrangements, e.g. sliding button
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/484—Spring housing details
    • H01R4/4842—Spring housing details the spring housing being provided with a single opening for insertion of a spring-activating tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal with a busbar and with at least one spring formed from a resilient flat material, one leg end of which is held on the busbar and the other end of which has a clamping recess through which one end of the busbar is located extends, wherein the lower edge of the clamping recess on the underside of the busbar finds an abutment and presses an electrical conductor inserted into the clamping space between the lower edge of the clamping recess and the busbar against the underside of the busbar.
  • Such clamps for example known from DE-GM 68 02 185, have the advantage, on the one hand, that the busbar on the one hand and the clamping rail on the other are to be manufactured as separate components independently of one another and are therefore better suited to their respective functions with regard to their material properties.
  • such terminals can be manufactured relatively easily and inexpensively, and can also be integrated into an insulating housing.
  • a difficulty with all screwless connecting and / or connecting terminals, including those of the type described at the outset, is that in order to fix a conductor, the normally closed terminal space only has to be opened by pressing on the curvature of the clamping spring. Because of the target high clamping forces and the need for them to be maintained over a long period of time, the clamping springs used for this purpose are extremely difficult to move, so that the opening of the terminal compartment or the like - especially when the terminals are restricted in tight spaces in switch cabinets are used, is extremely tedious. Basically, this difficulty also applies to the normal series assembly of devices in which conductors are to be connected using such terminals.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be delivered with an open terminal space and thus the production assembly, d. H. the connection of a conductor is considerably simplified.
  • a locking device is provided which detachably holds the clamping spring in the open position of the clamping space from a nose on one side and a counter-shoulder on the other part.
  • the locking device can be implemented in a first embodiment of the invention in such a way that a nose, preferably in the form of a U-shaped punched-out tongue, is provided above the clamping recess of the clamping leg end of the clamping spring and is supported on a counter shoulder of the angled end of the busbar .
  • a clamp according to the invention can be kept very easily ready with the terminal space open, by pressing the arch, which is normally necessary for opening the terminal space in each individual assembly process, to activate the latching device, which holds the clamping spring in the position with the terminal space open, so that the actual subsequent assembly, ie the clamping of a conductor, only requires the clamping spring to be released.
  • This triggering can be carried out in the simplest manner by means of a triggering tool, for example a screwdriver, which can be inserted via an opening arranged above the curvature of the clamping spring when the terminal is mounted within an insulating housing.
  • a displaceably mounted tensioning and display bolt is arranged in the recess of the insulating housing.
  • Either an already mentioned triggering tool for example a screwdriver, can be used for triggering, which can be inserted, for example, through an outer longitudinal groove of the clamping bolt.
  • a separate trigger pin can also be mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner in such an outer longitudinal groove, so that the clamp can be both tensioned and triggered again without additional tools.
  • the clamp shown comprises a U-shaped busbar 1, the two outer legs 2 and 3 of which together with the upper base leg 4 form a terminal space 5 for a conductor 6 to be connected form.
  • a clamp spring 7 formed from a resilient flat material, one leg end 8 having a recess 9 into which a molded pin 10 of the busbar 1 engages.
  • the clamping leg end 12 connected to the leg end 8 via an arched spring section 11 is provided with a clamping recess 13, through which the end of the busbar - in the present case only its base leg 4 - extends.
  • This end 14 of the busbar is angled upward and provided with an angular nose 15 formed by upsetting, which can engage in a second recess 16 arranged above the clamping recess 13 and by contacting the counter shoulder 17 of this recess 16 the clamp in the in Fig. 1 shown open position, in which the terminal space 5 is open for inserting a conductor 6, locked.
  • the clamping spring When the clamping spring is triggered by inserting, for example, a screwdriver between the upwardly angled end 14 of the busbar and the clamping leg end 12 resting against it and held by the latching device, the curvature 11 of the spring with the clamping leg end 12 hanging thereon snaps upwards, so that the lower edge 27 of the clamping recess 13 presses the conductor 6 against the underside 18 of the busbar (FIG. 2).
  • an insulating housing 19 which surrounds the clamp (of course also on the underside (which, however, is not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity), with a recess 20 above the curved section 11 of the clamp spring gives access to the clamping spring so that it can be pretensioned to the position with the terminal space open and on the other hand can also be released again with the help of a release tool so that a conductor is clamped in the terminal space Recess 20 a tensioning and display bolt 21 is slidably mounted, whereby by engaging a lug 22 in a groove 23 of the insulating housing which is closed at the top and bottom, a captive and non-rotatable guidance is provided.
  • the curved section 11 of the clamping spring stands up and thus also presses the tensioning and display bolt 21 out of the housing , so that the position of the clamp can be seen through this projection.
  • the clamping leg end 12 is moved downward until the nose 15 engages in the recess 16 and thus prevents the clamping spring from springing back upwards.
  • the clamping leg end 12 is guided on both sides along two contact shoulder 26 of the two outer legs 2 and 3 of the busbar 1, so that the clamping leg end 12 cannot deflect in the direction of the busbar, as a result of which there is a secure locking between the nose and the counter shoulder.
  • a punching 28 forming the two contact shoulders of the two outer legs 2 and 3 of the busbar 1 ensure a sufficiently large distance between the latching device and the point of contact of the contact shoulders 26 on the clamping leg end 12, which ensures the necessary elasticity of the clamping spring 7 in the area of the latching device.
  • the terminal space thus remains open since the edge 27 is at a distance from the underside 18 of the busbar.
  • a screwdriver can in turn be used, which can be inserted, for example, into an outer longitudinal groove 24 of the tensioning and display bolt in order to press the end of the clamping leg somewhat to the right and thus trigger the latching device.
  • a separate release pin 25 could also be arranged in the longitudinal groove 24 of the tensioning and display bolt 21 in order to allow the clamping spring to pivot into the clamping position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • a nose for example also a tongue punched out in a U-shape, at the end of the clamping leg 12 above the recess 13 conditions that are on a counter shoulder of the upwardly angled end 14 of the busbar.

Landscapes

  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
  • Structures For Mounting Electric Components On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

A screwless junction and/or connection terminal having a busbar and having at least one terminal spring, which is formed from a sprung flat material and whose one limb end is held on the busbar and whose other terminal limb end has a terminal cut-out, through which one end of the busbar extends, the lower edge of the terminal cut-out having an abutment on the lower side of the busbar and pressing an electrical conductor, which is inserted into the terminal space between the lower edge of the terminal cut-out and the busbar, against the underside of the busbar, a latching device, which holds the terminal spring in a detachable manner in the open position of the terminal space, being provided between an end of the busbar angled upwards, and the terminal limb end, and consisting of a tab on the one part and a mating shoulder on the other part. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine schraubenlose Anschluß- ­und/oder Verbindungsklemme mit einer Stromschiene und mit minde­stens einer aus einem federnden Flachmaterial geformten Klemmfe­der, deren eines Schenkelende auf der Stromschiene gehaltert ist und deren anderes Klemmschenkelende eine Klemmausnehmung aufweist, durch die sich ein Ende der Stromschiene erstreckt, wobei die untere Kante der Klemmausnehmung an der Unterseite der Stromschiene ein Widerlager findet und einen in den Klemm­raum zwischen der unteren Kante der Klemmausnehmung und der Stromschiene eingeführten elektrischen Leiter gegen die Unter­seite der Stromschiene drückt.The invention relates to a screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal with a busbar and with at least one spring formed from a resilient flat material, one leg end of which is held on the busbar and the other end of which has a clamping recess through which one end of the busbar is located extends, wherein the lower edge of the clamping recess on the underside of the busbar finds an abutment and presses an electrical conductor inserted into the clamping space between the lower edge of the clamping recess and the busbar against the underside of the busbar.

Derartige, beispielsweise aus dem DE-GM 68 02 185 bekannte Klemmen haben zum einen den Vorteil, daß die Stromschiene einer­seits und die Klemmschiene andererseits als separate Bauteile unabhängig voneinander zu fertigen sind und deshalb hinsicht­lich ihrer Materialeigenschaften besser auf ihre jeweiligen Funktionen abzustellen sind. Darüber hinaus lassen sich derarti­ge Anschlußklemmen relativ einfach und preisgünstig fertigen, und darüber hinaus auch an Isolierstoffgehäuse integrieren.Such clamps, for example known from DE-GM 68 02 185, have the advantage, on the one hand, that the busbar on the one hand and the clamping rail on the other are to be manufactured as separate components independently of one another and are therefore better suited to their respective functions with regard to their material properties. In addition, such terminals can be manufactured relatively easily and inexpensively, and can also be integrated into an insulating housing.

Eine Schwierigkeit bei allen schraublosen Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemmen, auch denen der eingangs beschriebenen Art, besteht darin, daß zur Festlegung eines Leiters der normalerwei­se geschlossene Klemmenraum erst durch Drücken auf die Wölbung der Klemmfeder geöffnet werden muß. Wegen der angestrebten hohen Klemmkräfte und der Notwendigkeit, daß diese auch über einen langen Zeitraum dauerhaft erhalten bleiben, sind die hierfür eingesetzten Klemmfedern außerordentlich schwergängig, so daß das Öffnen des Klemmenraums - insbesondere wenn die Klemmen unter beengten Raumverhältnissen in Schaltschränke od.dgl. eingesetzt sind, außerordentlich mühsam ist. Grundsätz­lich gilt diese Schwierigkeit aber auch für die normale Serien­montage von Geräten bei denen Leiter mit Hilfe solcher Klemmen angeschlossen werden sollen.A difficulty with all screwless connecting and / or connecting terminals, including those of the type described at the outset, is that in order to fix a conductor, the normally closed terminal space only has to be opened by pressing on the curvature of the clamping spring. Because of the target high clamping forces and the need for them to be maintained over a long period of time, the clamping springs used for this purpose are extremely difficult to move, so that the opening of the terminal compartment or the like - especially when the terminals are restricted in tight spaces in switch cabinets are used, is extremely tedious. Basically, this difficulty also applies to the normal series assembly of devices in which conductors are to be connected using such terminals.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde eine schraublose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß sie mit offenem Klemmenraum geliefert werden kann und somit die Fertigungsmontage, d. h. das Anschlie­ßen eines Leiters erheblich vereinfacht ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of a screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be delivered with an open terminal space and thus the production assembly, d. H. the connection of a conductor is considerably simplified.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß zwischen einem nach oben abgewinkelten Ende der Stromschiene und den Klemmschenkelende eine die Klemmfeder in der Öffnungs­stellung des Klemmraums lösbar halternde Rasteinrichtung aus einer Nase am einen und einer Gegenschulter am anderen Teil vorgesehen ist.To solve this problem it is provided according to the invention that between an upwardly angled end of the busbar and the clamping leg end a locking device is provided which detachably holds the clamping spring in the open position of the clamping space from a nose on one side and a counter-shoulder on the other part.

Die Rasteinrichtung kann dabei in einem ersten Ausführungsbei­spiel der Erfindung in der Weise realisiert sein, daß über der Klemmausnehmung des Klemmschenkelendes der Klemmfeder eine Nase, vorzugsweise in Form einer U-förmig ausgestanzten Zunge vorgesehen ist, die sich auf einer Gegenschulter des abgewin­kelten Endes der Stromschiene abstützt.The locking device can be implemented in a first embodiment of the invention in such a way that a nose, preferably in the form of a U-shaped punched-out tongue, is provided above the clamping recess of the clamping leg end of the clamping spring and is supported on a counter shoulder of the angled end of the busbar .

Darüber hinaus hat es sich bei umfangreichen der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Versuchen auch als besonders günsti­ge Lösungsvariante erwiesen, daß über der Klemmausnehmung des Klemmschenkelendes eine die Gegenschulter bildende Halteaus­nehmung für eine durch Anstauchen gebildete kantige Nase des nach oben abgewinkelten Endes der Stromschiene angeordnet ist.In addition, in extensive experiments on which the present invention is based, it has also proven to be a particularly favorable solution variant that a holding recess forming the counter-shoulder for an angular nose formed by upsetting the upwardly angled end of the busbar is arranged above the clamping recess of the clamping leg end.

Unabhängig davon an welchem Teil (Stromschiene bzw. Klemmschen­kel) die Nase und an welchem die Gegenschulter angeordnet ist, läßt sich eine erfindungsgemäße Klemme sehr einfach mit geöffne­tem Klemmraum bereit halten, indem durch Drücken auf die Wöl­bung, das normalerweise bei jedem Einzelmontagevorgang zur Öffnung des Klemmraums notwendig ist, die Rasteinrichtung in Funktion gebracht wird, die die Klemmfeder in der Stellung bei geöffnetem Klemmraum hält, so daß es bei der eigentlichen späte­ren Montage, d. h. dem Anklemmen eines Leiters nurmehr eines Auslösens der Klemmfeder bedarf. Dieses Auslösen kann in ein­fachster Weise durch ein Auslösewerkzeug, beispielsweise einen Schraubendreher erfolgen, der bei einer Montage der Klemme innerhalb eines Isoliergehäuses über eine oberhalb der Wölbung der Klemmfeder angeordnete Ausnehmung eingeführt werden kann.Regardless of which part (busbar or clamping leg) the nose and on which the counter shoulder is arranged, a clamp according to the invention can be kept very easily ready with the terminal space open, by pressing the arch, which is normally necessary for opening the terminal space in each individual assembly process, to activate the latching device, which holds the clamping spring in the position with the terminal space open, so that the actual subsequent assembly, ie the clamping of a conductor, only requires the clamping spring to be released. This triggering can be carried out in the simplest manner by means of a triggering tool, for example a screwdriver, which can be inserted via an opening arranged above the curvature of the clamping spring when the terminal is mounted within an insulating housing.

Weiterhin hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, das Klemmschenkeln (12) entlang zweier Anlageschultern (26) der Stromschiene (1) beidseitig derart zu führen, daß das Klemm­schenkelende (12) beim Spannen der Klemmfeder (7) nicht in Richtung Stromschiene ausweichen kann, wodurch eine sichere Verrastung von Nase und Gegenschulter gegeben ist. Andererseits wird eine hohe Elastizität der Klemmfeder im Bereich der Rast­einrichtung benötigt, um die Reibungskräfte zwischen Nase und Gegenschulter beim Betätigen der Klemme so zu reduzieren, daß ein Verschleiß von Nase und Gegenschulter und damit eine Zerstö­rung der Rasteinrichtung nach mehrmaliger Betätigung der Klemm­feder verhindert wird. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß die durch Ausstanzungen (28) der beiden Außenschenkel (2, 3) der Stromschiene gebildeten Anlageschultern (26) erst am äußersten Rand des Klemmschenkelendes anliegen, so daß ein möglichst langer Federweg zwischen Rasteinrichtung und Anlagepunkt des Federendes entsteht, wodurch die hohe Elastizität im Bereich der Rasteinrichtung bewirkt wird.Furthermore, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to guide the clamping legs (12) along two contact shoulders (26) of the busbar (1) on both sides in such a way that the clamping leg end (12) cannot deflect in the direction of the busbar when the clamping spring (7) is tensioned, as a result of which there is a secure locking of the nose and counter shoulder. On the other hand, a high elasticity of the clamping spring is required in the area of the latching device in order to reduce the frictional forces between the nose and counter shoulder when the clamp is actuated so that wear on the nose and counter shoulder and thus destruction of the latching device after repeated actuation of the clamping spring is prevented. This is achieved in that the contact shoulders (26) formed by punched-out portions (28) of the two outer legs (2, 3) of the busbar only rest on the outermost edge of the end of the clamping leg, so that the longest possible spring travel between the locking device and the contact point of the spring end is created, whereby the high elasticity in the area of the locking device is brought about.

Bei Verwendung einer mit einem Isoliergehäuse versehenen Klemme hat es sich in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung als beson­ders bedienerfreundlich erwiesen, wenn in der Ausnehmung des Isoliergehäuses ein verschiebbar gelagerter Spann- und Anzeige­bolzen angeordnet ist. Durch einen solchen Bolzen, der bei geschlossenem Klemmraum von der Klemmfederwölbung nach oben aus dem Gehäuse herausgedrückt wird, womit er gleichzeitig signali­ siert, daß der Klemmraum nicht geöffnet ist, kann ohne beson­dere Werkzeuge die Klemmfeder unter Öffnung des Klemmraums vorgespannt werden, wobei das Verschwinden des Spann- und Anzei­gebolzens in der Ausnehmung des Gehäuses mit einem Blick erken­nen läßt, daß der Klemmraum der entsprechenden Klemme offen ist.When using a clamp provided with an insulating housing, it has proven to be particularly user-friendly in a further embodiment of the invention if a displaceably mounted tensioning and display bolt is arranged in the recess of the insulating housing. By such a bolt, which is pressed upwards out of the housing by the clamping spring arch when the clamping chamber is closed, with which it signals at the same time Siert that the terminal space is not open, the clamping spring can be biased without opening the terminal space without special tools, the disappearance of the clamping and display bolt in the recess of the housing reveals at a glance that the terminal space of the corresponding terminal is open.

Zum Auslösen kann entweder ein bereits angesprochenes Auslöse­werkzeug, also beispielsweise ein Schraubendreher verwendet werden, der beispielsweise durch eine äußere Längsnut des Spann­bolzens eingeführt werden kann.Either an already mentioned triggering tool, for example a screwdriver, can be used for triggering, which can be inserted, for example, through an outer longitudinal groove of the clamping bolt.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann aber in einer solchen äußeren Längsnut auch ein separater Auslösestift längs­verschieblich gelagert sein, so daß ohne zusätzliches Werkzeug die Klemme sowohl gespannt als auch wieder ausgelöst werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention, however, a separate trigger pin can also be mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner in such an outer longitudinal groove, so that the clamp can be both tensioned and triggered again without additional tools.

Schließlich liegt es auch noch im Rahmen der Erfindung den Spannbolzen durch einen in eine zumindest noch oben geschlosse­ne Nut der Ausnehmung des Isoliergehäuses eingreifende Nase unverlierbar und unverdrehbar im Isoliergehäuse zu führen.Finally, it is also within the scope of the invention to guide the clamping bolt captively and non-rotatably in the insulating housing through a nose which engages in an at least still closed groove of the recess in the insulating housing.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung erge­ben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungs­beispiels sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungs­klemme,
  • Fig. 2 eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Seitenansicht, wobei teilweise auch ein die Klemme aufnehmendes Isolier­gehäuse miteingezeichnet ist und
  • Fig. 3 eine Teilaufsicht auf die Anordnung nach Fig. 2.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment and from the drawing. Show:
  • 1 is a partially sectioned side view of a connecting and / or connecting terminal according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 1, with an insulating housing receiving the clamp also being partially drawn in and
  • 3 shows a partial supervision of the arrangement according to FIG. 2.

Die gezeigte Klemm umfaßt eine U-förmige Stromschiene 1, deren beide Außenschenkel 2 und 3 gemeinsam mit dem oberen Basisschen­kel 4 einen Klemmenraum 5 für einen anzuschließenden Leiter 6 bilden. Auf dem Basisschenkel 4 ist eine aus einem federnden Flachmaterial geformte Klemmenfeder 7 angeordnet, wobei das eine Schenkelende 8 eine Ausnehmung 9 aufweist, in die ein ausgeformter Zapfen 10 der Stromschiene 1 eingreift. Das über einen gewölbten Federabschnitt 11 mit dem Schenkelende 8 verbun­dene Klemmschenkelende 12 ist mit einer Klemmausnehmung 13 versehen, durch welche das Ende der Stromschiene - im vorliegen­den Fall nur dessen Basisschenkel 4 - sich hindurch erstreckt. Dieses Ende 14 der Stromschiene ist nach oben abgewinkelt und mit einer durch Anstauchen gebildeten kantigen Nase 15 verse­hen, die in eine zweite oberhalb der Klemmausnehmung 13 angeord­nete Ausnehmung 16 eingreifen kann und durch Anlage an der Gegenschulter 17 dieser Ausnehmung 16 die Klemme in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten geöffneten Stellung, bei der der Klemmraum 5 zum Einschieben eines Leiters 6 offen ist, arretiert. Beim Auslösen der Klemmfeder durch Einsetzen beispielsweise eines Schrauben­drehers zwischen das nach oben abgewinkelte Ende 14 der Strom­schiene und das an ihr anliegende, durch die Rastvorrichtung gehalterten Klemmschenkelende 12 schnappt die Wölbung 11 der Feder mit dem daran hängenden Klemmschenkelende 12 nach oben, so daß die untere Kante 27 der Klemmausnehmung 13 den Leiter 6 gegen die Unterseite 18 der Stromschiene drückt (Fig. 2).The clamp shown comprises a U-shaped busbar 1, the two outer legs 2 and 3 of which together with the upper base leg 4 form a terminal space 5 for a conductor 6 to be connected form. Arranged on the base leg 4 is a clamp spring 7 formed from a resilient flat material, one leg end 8 having a recess 9 into which a molded pin 10 of the busbar 1 engages. The clamping leg end 12 connected to the leg end 8 via an arched spring section 11 is provided with a clamping recess 13, through which the end of the busbar - in the present case only its base leg 4 - extends. This end 14 of the busbar is angled upward and provided with an angular nose 15 formed by upsetting, which can engage in a second recess 16 arranged above the clamping recess 13 and by contacting the counter shoulder 17 of this recess 16 the clamp in the in Fig. 1 shown open position, in which the terminal space 5 is open for inserting a conductor 6, locked. When the clamping spring is triggered by inserting, for example, a screwdriver between the upwardly angled end 14 of the busbar and the clamping leg end 12 resting against it and held by the latching device, the curvature 11 of the spring with the clamping leg end 12 hanging thereon snaps upwards, so that the lower edge 27 of the clamping recess 13 presses the conductor 6 against the underside 18 of the busbar (FIG. 2).

In Fig. 2 ist bei geschlossener Klemmenstellung ein Isolierge­häuse 19 angedeutet, welches die Klemme umgibt (selbstverständ­lich auch auf der Unterseite (was aber der besseren Übersicht­lichkeit halber in Fig. 2 nicht gezeigt ist), wobei eine Aus­nehmung 20 oberhalb des gewölbten Abschnitts 11 der Klemmfeder den Zugang zur Klemmfeder freigibt um diese einerseits in die Stellung mit geöffnetem Klemmenraum vorspannen zu können und andererseits mit Hilfe eines Lösewerkzeugs auch wieder auslösen zu können, damit ein Leiter im Klemmenraum verklemmt wird. Zu diesem Zweck ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in der als runde Bohrung ausgebildeten Ausnehmung 20 ein Spann- und Anzeigebolzen 21 verschiebbar gelagert, wobei durch Eingreifen einer Nase 22 in eine nach oben und unten geschlossene Nut 23 des Isoliergehäuses eine unverlierbare und unverdrehbare Füh­rung gegebenen ist.In FIG. 2, when the clamp position is closed, an insulating housing 19 is indicated which surrounds the clamp (of course also on the underside (which, however, is not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity), with a recess 20 above the curved section 11 of the clamp spring gives access to the clamping spring so that it can be pretensioned to the position with the terminal space open and on the other hand can also be released again with the help of a release tool so that a conductor is clamped in the terminal space Recess 20 a tensioning and display bolt 21 is slidably mounted, whereby by engaging a lug 22 in a groove 23 of the insulating housing which is closed at the top and bottom, a captive and non-rotatable guidance is provided.

In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Stellung, in der der Klemmenraum der Klemme nicht offen ist, so daß kein Leiter eingesteckt werden kann, steht der gewölbte Abschnitt 11 der Klemmfeder nach oben und drückt damit auch den Spann- und Anzeigebolzen 21 aus dem Gehäuse heraus, so daß man durch diesen Überstand die Stellung der Klemme erkennen kann. Durch Drücken auf den Spann- und Anzeigebolzen 21 wird das Klemmschenkelende 12 nach unten be­wegt bis die Nase 15 in die Ausnehmung 16 einrastet und damit ein Wieder-nach-oben-Zurückfedern der Klemmenfeder verhindert. Bei diesem Spannvorgang wird das Klemmschenkelende 12 entlang zweier Anlageschulter 26 der beiden Außenschenkel 2 und 3 der Stromschiene 1 beidseitig geführt, so daß das Klemmschenkelende 12 nicht in Richtung Stromschiene ausweichen kann, wodurch eine sichere Verrastung zwischen Nase und Gegenschulter gegeben ist. Eine die beiden Anlageschultern bildende Ausstanzung 28 der beiden Außenschenkel 2 und 3 der Stromschiene 1 sorgen für einen ausreichend großen Abstand zwischen Rasteinrichtung und Anlagepunkt der Anlageschultern 26 am Klemmschenkelende 12, der die notwendige Elastizität der Klemmfeder 7 im Bereich der Rasteinrichtung gewährleistet. Der Klemmenraum bleibt also, da die Kante 27 in Abstand von der Unterseite 18 der Stromschiene liegt, offen. Dies ist von außen dadurch erkennbar, daß der Bolzen 21 nicht mehr über das Isoliergehäuse übersteht. Zum Betätigen der Klemme, d. h. zum Auslösen der Feder unter Ein­klemmung eines Leiters 6 kann wiederum ein Schraubendreher verwendet werden, der beispielsweise in eine äußere Längsnut 24 des Spann- und Anzeigebolzens eingesetzt werden kann, um das Klemmschenkelende etwas nach rechts zu drücken und damit die Rasteinrichtung auszulösen. Anstelle eines Schraubendrehers könnte aber auch ein gesonderter Auslösestift 25 in der Längs­nut 24 des Spann- und Anzeigebolzens 21 angeordnet sein um die Klemmfeder in die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Klemmstellung verschwenken zu lassen.In the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the terminal space of the terminal is not open, so that no conductor can be inserted, the curved section 11 of the clamping spring stands up and thus also presses the tensioning and display bolt 21 out of the housing , so that the position of the clamp can be seen through this projection. By pressing on the tensioning and display bolt 21, the clamping leg end 12 is moved downward until the nose 15 engages in the recess 16 and thus prevents the clamping spring from springing back upwards. In this tensioning process, the clamping leg end 12 is guided on both sides along two contact shoulder 26 of the two outer legs 2 and 3 of the busbar 1, so that the clamping leg end 12 cannot deflect in the direction of the busbar, as a result of which there is a secure locking between the nose and the counter shoulder. A punching 28 forming the two contact shoulders of the two outer legs 2 and 3 of the busbar 1 ensure a sufficiently large distance between the latching device and the point of contact of the contact shoulders 26 on the clamping leg end 12, which ensures the necessary elasticity of the clamping spring 7 in the area of the latching device. The terminal space thus remains open since the edge 27 is at a distance from the underside 18 of the busbar. This can be seen from the outside in that the bolt 21 no longer protrudes beyond the insulating housing. To operate the clamp, d. H. to release the spring while pinching a conductor 6, a screwdriver can in turn be used, which can be inserted, for example, into an outer longitudinal groove 24 of the tensioning and display bolt in order to press the end of the clamping leg somewhat to the right and thus trigger the latching device. Instead of a screwdriver, a separate release pin 25 could also be arranged in the longitudinal groove 24 of the tensioning and display bolt 21 in order to allow the clamping spring to pivot into the clamping position shown in FIG. 2.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbei­spiel beschränkt. So wäre es beispielsweise auch möglich am Klemmschenkelende 12 oberhalb der Klemmausnehmung 13 eine Nase, beispielsweise auch eine U-förmig ausgestanzte Zunge auszubie­ gen, die sich auf einer Gegenschulter des nach oben abgewinkelten Endes 14 der Stromschiene.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment shown. For example, it would also be possible to bend a nose, for example also a tongue punched out in a U-shape, at the end of the clamping leg 12 above the recess 13 conditions that are on a counter shoulder of the upwardly angled end 14 of the busbar.

Claims (9)

1. Schraublose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme mit einer Stromschiene und mit mindestens einer aus einem federnden Flachmaterial geformten Klemmfeder, deren eines Schenkel-­Ende auf der Stromschiene gehaltert ist und deren anderes Klemmschenkel-Ende eine Klemm-Ausnehmung aufweist, durch die sich ein Ende der Stromschiene erstreckt, wobei die untere Kante der Klemm-Ausnehmung an der Unterseite der Stromschie­ne ein Widerlager findet und einen in den Klemmraum zwi­schen der unteren Kante der Klemm-Ausnehmung und der Strom­schiene eingeführten elektrischen Leiter gegen die Untersei­te der Stromschiene drückt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen einem nach oben abgewinkelten Ende (14) der Strom­schiene (1, 4) und dem Klemmschenkel-Ende (12) eine die Klemm-Feder (7) in der Öffnungsstellung des Klemmraums (5) lösbar halternde Rasteinrichtung aus einer Nase (15) am einen und einer Gegenschulter (17) am anderen Teil vorgese­hen ist.1. Screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal with a busbar and with at least one spring formed from a resilient flat material, one leg end of which is held on the busbar and the other end of which has a clamping recess through which one end extends extends the busbar, the lower edge of the clamping recess finding an abutment on the underside of the busbar and pressing an electrical conductor introduced into the clamping space between the lower edge of the clamping recess and the busbar against the underside of the busbar, characterized in that Between an upwardly angled end (14) of the busbar (1, 4) and the clamping leg end (12), the clamping spring (7) in the open position of the clamping space (5) detachably holding latching device from a nose (15) on one and a counter shoulder (17) is provided on the other part. 2. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über der Klemm-­Ausnehmung (13) des Klemm-Schenkels (12) eine die Gegen­schulter bildende Halteausnehmung (16) für eine durch An­stauchen gebildete kantige Nase (15) des nach oben abgewin­kelten Endes (14) der Stromschiene (1, 4) angeordnet ist.2. Screwless connection and / or connection clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that above the clamping recess (13) of the clamping leg (12) forming a counter shoulder holding recess (16) for an edged nose formed by upsetting (15) the upwardly angled end (14) of the busbar (1, 4) is arranged. 3. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über der Klemm-­Ausnehmung des Klemmschenkel-Endes eine Nase, vorzugsweise in Form einer U-förmig ausgestanzten Zunge vorgesehen ist, die sich auf einer Gegenschulter des abgewinkelten Endes der Stromschiene abstützt.3. Screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that a nose, preferably over the clamping recess of the clamping leg end is provided in the form of a U-shaped punched tongue, which is supported on a counter shoulder of the angled end of the busbar. 4. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das untere Klemmschenkelende (12) beim Betätigen der Klemmfeder ent­lang zweier Anlageschultern (26), die durch Ausstanzungen (28) der beiden Außenschenkel (2, 3) der Stromschiene (1) gebildet werden, beidseitig geführt wird.4. Screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower end of the clamping leg (12) when actuating the clamping spring along two contact shoulders (26), which are punched out (28) of the two outer legs (2, 3) the busbar (1) are formed, is guided on both sides. 5. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 mit einem sie aufnehmenden Isoliergehäuse (19), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Iso­liergehäuse (19) über der Wölbung (11) der Feder (7) zwi­schen ihren Schenkelenden (8, 12) mit einer Ausnehmung (20) für ein Auslösewerkzeug, insbesondere einen Schraubendreher versehen ist.5. Screwless connection and / or connection terminal according to one of claims 1 to 4 with an insulating housing receiving it (19), characterized in that the insulating housing (19) over the curvature (11) of the spring (7) between its leg ends (8th , 12) is provided with a recess (20) for a release tool, in particular a screwdriver. 6. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Ausnehmung (20) des Isoliergehäuses (19) ein verschiebbar gelagerter Spann- und Anzeigebolzen (21) angeordnet ist.6. Screwless connection and / or connection terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that in the recess (20) of the insulating housing (19) a displaceably mounted clamping and display bolt (21) is arranged. 7. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch einen gegenüber dem Spann­bolzen (21) längsverschieblich gelagerten Auslösestift (25).7. Screwless connection and / or connection terminal according to claim 6, characterized by a relative to the clamping bolt (21) longitudinally displaceably mounted trigger pin (25). 8. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme, nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spannbolzen (21) durch einen in eine zumindest nach oben geschlossene Nut (23) der Ausnehmung (20) des Isolier­gehäuses (19) eingreifende Nase (22) unverlierbar und unverdrehbar im Isoliergehäuse (19) geführt ist.8. Screwless connecting and / or connecting terminal, according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the clamping bolt (21) engages by an at least upwardly closed groove (23) of the recess (20) of the insulating housing (19) Lug (22) is captively and non-rotatably guided in the insulating housing (19). 9. Schraubenlose Anschluß- und/oder Verbindungsklemme nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spannbolzen (21) mit einer äußeren Längsnut (24) für das Lösewerkzeug bzw. den Auslösestift (25) versehen ist.9. Screwless connection and / or connection terminal according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the clamping bolt (21) is provided with an outer longitudinal groove (24) for the release tool or the release pin (25).
EP88111000A 1987-08-14 1988-07-09 Screwless junction and/or connection terminal Expired - Lifetime EP0303818B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88111000T ATE85864T1 (en) 1987-08-14 1988-07-09 SCREWLESS TERMINAL AND/OR JUNCTION CLAMP.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3727091A DE3727091C1 (en) 1987-08-14 1987-08-14 Screwless connection and / or connection terminal
DE3727091 1987-08-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0303818A2 true EP0303818A2 (en) 1989-02-22
EP0303818A3 EP0303818A3 (en) 1989-10-18
EP0303818B1 EP0303818B1 (en) 1993-02-17

Family

ID=6333725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111000A Expired - Lifetime EP0303818B1 (en) 1987-08-14 1988-07-09 Screwless junction and/or connection terminal

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0303818B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE85864T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3727091C1 (en)

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EP0560971B1 (en) * 1991-10-07 1997-02-26 The Whitaker Corporation Insulation displacing barrel terminal
DE19825629A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-16 Siemens Ag Spring clamp
EP1100150A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-16 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. Spring clamp for large conductor cross-sections
DE10135597A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-02-06 Wieland Electric Gmbh clamping spring
CN1118111C (en) * 1996-09-25 2003-08-13 维哥经营公司mbh Connecting terminal for conductive wire
DE102007051697A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Terminal with opening device
DE102007050683A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-30 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Conductor terminal
EP2768079A1 (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Spring clamp for conductor
DE102014115009B3 (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-02-25 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Connectors
CN109328418A (en) * 2016-06-13 2019-02-12 本尼迪克有限责任公司 Elastic force binding clip
DE102018101381A1 (en) 2018-01-23 2019-07-25 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Connector with spring contact

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DE4019130C2 (en) * 1990-06-13 2000-03-23 Wago Verwaltungs Gmbh Floor clamp for electrical conductors
DE4237733C1 (en) * 1992-11-09 1993-12-23 Weidmueller Interface Screwless connector for electrical conductors
DE9403137U1 (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-06-22 F. Wieland Elektrische Industrie Gmbh, 96052 Bamberg Spring clip for an electrical conductor
DE19729327C1 (en) * 1997-07-09 1998-10-29 Wieland Electric Gmbh Protective conductor terminal/clamp
FR2782848B1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2002-02-15 Entrelec Sa ELASTIC DEVICE FOR MAKING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION IN A CONNECTION TERMINAL
FR2787932B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2001-03-09 Entrelec Sa CONNECTION SPRING
FR2809536B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2002-12-13 Entrelec Sa SPRING FOR MAKING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
FR2809537B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2003-09-26 Entrelec Sa CONNECTION SPRING
FR2824960B1 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-08-15 Entrelec PUSH-BUTTON CONNECTION DEVICE
DE10158585C1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2003-06-18 Wieland Electric Gmbh Connecting clamp for cables, has metal strip formed spring loop that is opened to insert end of wire
DE10218507C1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2003-05-15 Electro Terminal Gmbh Innsbruc Contact and/or connection terminal has supporting element pivotably mounted/deformably positioned, spring biased against spring arm, manually operable to relieve/open clamping point
DE20300266U1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-05-19 Bals Elektrotechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical cable terminal has spring clip that is released to press contact end securely against the cable wire
DE20305156U1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-08-19 Weidmüller Interface Gmbh & Co. Connection device with self-triggering piercing contact
DE202004000418U1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-06-02 Bals Elektrotechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Screwless frame clamp
DE202004000419U1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2005-05-25 Bals Elektrotechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Screwless conductor connection terminal
DE102011052202A1 (en) 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Clamping spring for terminal, has one spring pair that is arranged in inner space formed by another spring pair so that another spring pair is engaged on one spring pair in tension state of spring
DE202016105826U1 (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-01-19 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Conductor terminal with at least one spring terminal connection
DE102019127464B3 (en) * 2019-10-11 2021-03-25 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection device for connecting an electrical line

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0560971B1 (en) * 1991-10-07 1997-02-26 The Whitaker Corporation Insulation displacing barrel terminal
CN1118111C (en) * 1996-09-25 2003-08-13 维哥经营公司mbh Connecting terminal for conductive wire
DE19825629A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-16 Siemens Ag Spring clamp
DE19825629B4 (en) * 1998-06-08 2007-06-06 Siemens Ag Spring terminal
EP1100150A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-16 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. Spring clamp for large conductor cross-sections
DE10135597A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-02-06 Wieland Electric Gmbh clamping spring
DE10135597B4 (en) * 2001-07-20 2008-01-10 Wieland Electric Gmbh clamping spring
DE102007050683A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-30 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Conductor terminal
DE102007050683B4 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-09-03 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Conductor terminal
DE102007051697A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Terminal with opening device
US8062079B2 (en) 2007-10-26 2011-11-22 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Connector clamp with opening unit
DE102007051697B4 (en) 2007-10-26 2021-10-28 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection terminal with opening device
EP2768079A1 (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Spring clamp for conductor
DE102014115009B3 (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-02-25 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Connectors
CN109328418A (en) * 2016-06-13 2019-02-12 本尼迪克有限责任公司 Elastic force binding clip
DE102018101381A1 (en) 2018-01-23 2019-07-25 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Connector with spring contact
WO2019144987A1 (en) 2018-01-23 2019-08-01 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Plug connector having spring contact

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0303818B1 (en) 1993-02-17
ATE85864T1 (en) 1993-03-15
DE3878501D1 (en) 1993-03-25
EP0303818A3 (en) 1989-10-18
DE3727091C1 (en) 1989-02-02

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