EP0375758A1

EP0375758A1 - A method and device for lambda control with several probes.

Info

Publication number: EP0375758A1
Application number: EP19890906022
Authority: EP
Inventors: Winfried Moser
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 1988-06-24
Filing date: 1989-05-31
Publication date: 1990-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2009-05-31
Also published as: DE58901995D1; DE3821357A1; JPH02504661A; KR900702198A; US4984551A; KR0141371B1; EP0375758B1; WO1989012737A1

Abstract

Selon un procédé de régulation lambda, on utilise deux circuits de réglage pour des blocs-cylindres différents. Une régulation par plus ou moins est effectuée par chaque circuit de réglage, ce qui produit une oscillation par circuit. Le déphasage entre les deux oscillations est déterminé et réglé de façon à correspondre à une valeurprédéterminée. Lorsque la valeur prédéterminée du déphasage correspond à une demi-période d'oscillation, les gaz d'échappement d'un bloc-cylindres passent de riche à pauvre dès que les gaz d'échappement de l'autre bloc-cylindres passent de pauvre à riche, et vice-versa. Lorsque les deux gaz d'échappement sont mélangés avant de parvenir à un catalyseur, celui-ci reçoit un mélange gazeux dont la valeur lambda est essentiellement égale à 1. Ce procédé permet ainsi d'obtenir une amplitude d'oscillation de la valeur lambda des gaz d'échappement inférieure aux amplitudes d'oscillation des valeurs lambda du mélange d'air/carburant amené aux deux blocs-cylindres; il s'ensuit une conversion améliorée des polluants. Un dispositif d'application du procédé comprend deux éléments de régulation par plus ou moins, un élément pour déterminer le déphasage réel et un élément de réglage du déphasage voulu.According to a lambda regulation method, two adjustment circuits are used for different cylinder blocks. A regulation by more or less is carried out by each adjustment circuit, which produces an oscillation by circuit. The phase difference between the two oscillations is determined and adjusted so as to correspond to a predetermined value. When the predetermined phase shift value corresponds to a half-oscillation period, the exhaust gases of one cylinder block pass from rich to lean as soon as the exhaust gases of the other cylinder block pass from lean to rich, and vice versa. When the two exhaust gases are mixed before arriving at a catalyst, the latter receives a gas mixture whose lambda value is essentially equal to 1. This process thus makes it possible to obtain an amplitude of oscillation of the lambda value of the exhaust gas below the amplitudes of oscillation of the lambda values of the air / fuel mixture supplied to the two cylinder blocks; there follows an improved conversion of pollutants. A device for applying the method comprises two regulation elements by more or less, an element for determining the actual phase shift and an element for adjusting the desired phase shift.

Description

Method and device for controlling lambda with several probes

The invention relates to a method and a device for lambda control for an internal combustion engine with at least two lambda sensors.

State of the art

Several lambda sensors on an internal combustion engine are used in two fundamentally different arrangements. In one arrangement, the plurality of probes are located in successive locations in the exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine. In the other arrangement, the lambda probes are attached to the same position in different subchannels of the exhaust gas duct system. The invention relates to an arrangement of the latter type.

Such an arrangement is provided, for example, for the methods and devices according to DE-A1-22 55 874 (US-401 195) and DE-A1-27 13 988 (US-4,231,334). In each case one lambda probe is arranged in the exhaust subchannel in each case one half of a V-engine in front of that point before the two subchannels are brought together to form a manifold in which a catalyst is arranged. In the method according to DE-A1-22 55 874, the signals from the two probes serve to supply actual values for two separate control loops, one of which is assigned to one engine half. In the method according to DE-A1 27 13 988, the signals from both probes serve as actual values for a single control loop. Depending on the type of signals from the two probes, a decision is made as to whether the controller increases, decreases or leaves the manipulated variable unchanged. In addition, depending on an accumulated control deviation, the manipulated variable is wobbled so that the mixture overlaps with the usual oscillation of the two-point controller constantly and quickly between rich and lean.

The known methods and devices are used to supply air / fuel mixtures which lead to exhaust gas of such a type that pollutants still present in the exhaust gas can be optimally converted by a catalyst.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for lambda control for an internal combustion engine with at least two lambda sensors in the same position, which allows even better pollutant conversion than previous methods. The invention is also based on the object of specifying a device for performing such a method.

Advantages of the invention

The inventive method is given by the features of claim 1 and the device according to the invention by the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments of the method are the subject of dependent claims 2-7.

The inventive method is characterized in that at least two different air / fuel mixtures for different cylinders in two control loops are controlled with two points and target phase shifts are set between the control vibrations. The device according to the invention has at least one means for two-point control, one means for determining the actual phase displacement and one means for setting the desired phase shift between two control loops in each case.

The invention uses the following consideration. With a two-point lambda control, the lambda value continuously oscillates between rich and lean. The greater the amplitude of these vibrations, the lower the relative pollutant conversion of the catalyst. If two control loops are now used instead of one control loop, it must be possible to adapt the vibrations in the two circles to one another such that the mixture in one control loop just swings in the rich direction when the mixture in the other control loop swings in the lean direction. The exhaust gases of the rich mixture and the lean mixture come together in the collector pipe in front of the catalytic converter and lead there to exhaust gas with approximately lambda value 1. The lambda value of the exhaust gas will scarcely oscillate if the phase shift is approximately half an oscillation period If more or less, there is still a vibration of the lambda value, but with a considerably lower amplitude than is present without a phase shift of the two control vibrations. The amplitude can be determined by the extent of the phase shift. A low residual vibration is desirable for some catalysts, since they only work optimally if they can work oxidizing during one half cycle of the control vibration and reducing during the other half cycle.

The known methods mentioned at the outset are intended for engines in which exhaust gas is very long due to their structure Subchannels exist, in particular for V engines. The method according to the invention, on the other hand, has advantages for all types of engines, that is to say also for B. in a four-cylinder in-line engine. A probe can be arranged in each outlet connection, to which a control loop is assigned in each case. The phase shifts between the four control loops are set so that mixed exhaust gas with essentially lambda value 1 is produced in the collecting duct, or that for the reason mentioned above there is still a small residual lambda vibration in the mixed exhaust gas.

The phase correction can be carried out particularly easily if reference is made continuously to the phase of a specific control loop. The regulation, on the other hand, becomes faster if the earliest vibration is variably referred to.

drawing

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated by figures. Show it:

1 shows a method for controlling lambda with two probes and two control loops, as a block diagram, between which a predetermined phase shift is set;

2a-c show time-correlated diagrams of the signal from a lambda probe, the associated control value and the actual lambda value at the location of the probe;

3 shows a diagram of the time profile of the lambda value of two individual exhaust gases and the lambda value of the mixed exhaust gas in the case of a phase shift of half an oscillation period; FIG. 4 shows a diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 3, but with a phase shift of less than half an oscillation period;

5a and b show diagrams of the time profiles of two manipulated values with two different types of phase shift for a delayed signal;

FIG. 6 shows a diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 5a, but relating to the phase shift of a leading signal;

FIG. 7 shows a diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 5a, but with a larger phase shift and with a correction of the phase in two steps;

Figures 8a and b are diagrams corresponding to those of Figures 5a and b, however, the leading phase is the reference phase;

FIG. 9 shows a partial method for phase calculation and phase correction, shown as a block diagram, in which control values are used instead of control deviations, as in the method of FIG. 1;

10 shows a diagram relating to the time course of the manipulated values of two phase-shifted control loops, with one ignition lagging; and

11 is a diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 10, but the signal lagging there now leads. Description of exemplary embodiments

The method according to the block diagram of FIG. 1 works on an internal combustion engine 12 with a first cylinder bank 13.I and a second cylinder bank 13.II. A first injection valve arrangement 15.I is present in the intake duct 14.I for the first cylinder bank 13.I. A corresponding second injection valve arrangement 15.II lies in the second intake duct 14.II. A first lambda probe 17.1 is arranged in the exhaust gas duct 16.I and a second lambda probe 17.2 is accordingly arranged in the second exhaust gas duct 16.II. The two exhaust gas sub-channels open into a collecting channel 18 in which a catalytic converter 19 is arranged.

The method for regulating the mixture composition for the first cylinder bank 13.I is explained in broad outline below with additional reference to FIG. 2. The first injection valve arrangement 15.I is supplied with a first injection time signal TI.I, which is formed by multiplying a signal TIV (n, L) for a predetermined injection time by a control factor FR.I in a multiplication step 20.I. The control factor FR.I is the control value output by a control step 21.I in response to a control deviation signal RAW.I. The control deviation value RAW.I is formed by subtracting the signal Lambda-Ist.I from the first lambda probe 17.I from a lambda setpoint in a subtraction step 22.I.

Corresponding method steps are carried out in the control circuit which adjusts the mixture supplied to the second cylinder bank 13.II. Actual control loops are structured in a considerably refined manner. In particular, different disturbance variable correction steps are available, and adaptation methods are used which have the purpose of continuously adapting different correction values to changing conditions. The signal λ _{S of} a lambda probe, as is used for two-point control, has a jump behavior from the transition from rich to lean, as is shown in FIG. 2a. The actual course of lambda, which leads to this jump signal, is shown in FIG. 2c. 2b, which shows the chronological sequence of a control factor FR, be it the control factor FR.I for the first control circuit or the factor FR, serves to understand how the actual signal course comes about. II for the second control loop. If the probe signal λ _S jumps from rich to lean or vice versa, the control deviation signal RAW passes through the value 0 in one direction or the other. When passing through 0, the integration direction of the control step 21 changes, as a result of which enrichment takes place as soon as the probe signal has jumped to lean, and is thinned out as soon as it has jumped to rich. As soon as the control factor FR reaches the value 1, the mixture supplied to a cylinder bank has the lambda value 1, provided that the pilot control value TIV (n, L) (n = speed; L = load-indicating signal) is correctly determined, which is assumed here . If the control factor FR is further integrated, a rich lambda value is set. However, this is measured by the lambad probe only after a dead time TT, which can be seen from the lagging phase shift TT of the probe signal λ _S with respect to the control factor signal FR from FIGS. 2a and b. The signal curve according to FIG. 2c has the same phase shift compared to that of FIG. 2b. Otherwise, the signal curves of Fig. 2c and b are shown identically. This is due to the fact that, with a correctly determined pilot control value and without further corrective measures, the lambda value on the injection side corresponds to the value of the control factor FR. Under these conditions, FIG. 2b therefore shows not only the time course of the control factor, but also the time course of the lambda value on the injection side. The time course of the lambda value on the exhaust gas side according to FIG. 2c is shifted by the dead time TT. During actual operation, the turning points are also somewhat flattened, but this is not important for the explanation of the following.

The representation of FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds to that of FIG. 2c, however with the addition that instead of the course of the lambda signal for a single control loop, the courses for two control loops are shown. In Fig. 3 it is assumed that the lambda signal is λ. II for the second control loop is shifted from the lambda signal λlst.I for the first control loop by a phase shift PS which corresponds to half the oscillation period SP. 4, however, the phase shift PS is only a quarter of an oscillation period. When shifted by half a period, the mixture in the first control loop reaches the greatest value in the rich direction when the mixture in the second control loop reaches the greatest value in the lean direction and vice versa. It also applies to the rest of the time course that the lambda values are opposite each other with respect to the lambda value 1. The consequence of this for the lambda value λ.18 in the collecting channel 18 is that it remains essentially at the value 1. If, on the other hand, the phase shift is more or less - as shown in FIG. 4 as a half oscillation period, the lambda value A-18 of the mixed exhaust gas in the collection channel 18 also oscillates by the value lambda = 1. However, this with a lower amplitude than the amplitude of the individual oscillations corresponds. The oscillation amplitude of the lambda value of the mixed exhaust gas can be determined by the extent of the phase shift. The value to be used in practice depends on the properties of the type of catalyst used in each case. If the latter requires a certain oscillation amplitude of the lambda value for alternating oxidation and reduction, a corresponding associated lambda shift is set. If the catalytic converter does not require a lambda value oscillation, one is Phase shift of half an oscillation period is preferred.

In order to be able to name a phase shift in the manner described, the method according to FIG. 1 has a phase calculation step 23 which calculates the phase shift between the two control loop oscillations from the control deviation signals RAW.I and RAW.II. The actual phase shift value is compared in a phase correction step with the target phase shift value, and in the event of a deviation, the phase of one oscillation is shifted relative to the other in such a way that the desired phase shift value is set.

Some possibilities for calculating and correcting the phase shift will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 11. 5-8 relate to the method according to FIG. 1, while FIGS. 10 and 11 relate to a modified method which is explained further below with reference to FIG. 9.

5 - 8 as well as 10 and 11 differ from those of FIGS. 3 and 4 in that phase-shifted control actuators (corresponding to FIG. 2b) are no longer shown, but phase-shifted. The course of the control factor FR.I and the course of the control factor FR. II shown in broken lines. The course of the respective reference phase is shown in dashed lines. Reference points, from which the phase shift is measured, are given by dots shown in bold. In all cases it is assumed that the target phase shift should correspond to half an oscillation period. 5a and 6 are discussed first. In both cases, the phase of the signal FR.I is the reference phase and the jump in lambda from lean to rich is the reference point. This corresponds to the reversal point in the control factor from increasing to decreasing. The course of the signal FR. II determined. For this signal, the reversal point is not triggered directly by the jump in the associated probe signal, but with the help of the reference point in signal FR.I. According to FIG. 5a, this takes place when the signal FR is lagging. II in that it is determined at the reference time that for the signal FR. II the associated probe signal has not yet jumped. Then the time 4 HP is measured, which passes until the probe signal belonging to the signal FR.II jumps. If this jump time were not delayed by the time period Δ PS compared to the reference point, but rather without delay, the signal FR.II would have already increased by the value 4 PS x IV in the time period dPS, IV being the rate of integration. The signal FR. II is therefore increased by the stated value 4 PS x IV at the end of the time period 4PS, whereby the lagging is eliminated. With signal FR leading. II occurs for this the probe jump from rich to lean before the probe jump from lean to rich for the signal FR.I. In this case, the reversal of the signal FR. II is not yet permitted, but its value is reduced further until the signal FR.I is reversed in its direction of change, that is to say reaches the reference point. The elapsed time period is also referred to as Δ PS in FIG. 6. When the reference point occurs, the signal FR. II raised by the value Δ PS x IV, which eliminates the undesired phase shift Δ PS.

5b, like FIG. 5a, relates to the case of the lagging signal FR. II. However, the correction is carried out differently than according to FIG. 5a. When the reference point occurs in signal FR.I namely determined the value on which the signal FR. II stands straight. This is compared with the value that the signal FR.II should have at its lower reversal point. If Ger measured value does not match the expected value, the signal FR.II is set to the expected value. The expected value may e.g. B. can be the inverse of the previous oscillation, or it can be the value of the reference point for the signal FR.I mirrored at the value Lambda = 1.

Fig. 7 largely corresponds to Fig. 5a, but with the difference that the undesired phase shift Δ PS is about twice as large as in the case of Fig. 5a. As a result, the correction value Δ PS x IV is quite high. If this correction were carried out in a single step, this could lead to restless driving behavior. It is therefore provided according to FIG. 7 that instead of a single large correction step, two smaller correction steps are used, each of which corresponds to the value Δ PS x IV / 2. The individual correction steps are carried out in predetermined successive periods, z. B. with each computer cycle to calculate the control factors, in the case of implementation by a microcomputer.

For the representations according to FIGS. 8a and b, it is assumed that reference is no longer made to the phase of the oscillation FR.I, but that reference is always made to the earliest signal. In the case of FIGS. 8a and b, this is the signal FR. II, since it leads the signal FR.I, as shown in FIG. 6. The signal for which a jump occurs first in the associated probe signal sets a time measurement to 0, which measures the time period Δ PS that passes until the probe signal for the other control factor signal also jumps. 5a and 8a differ only in that in FIG. 8a the reference point on the leading signal FR. II lies. As soon as the If the time period Δ PS scrubs the probe signal for the signal FR.I, its value is reduced by the correction value Δ PS x IV. If the signal FR. II lag behind the signal FR.I, an image according to FIG. 5a would result. As FIGS. 8a and 5a correspond, FIGS. 8b and 5b correspond. According to FIG. 8b, the signal FR.I is raised to the expected amplitude as soon as the control factor signal FR. II associated probe signal jumps from rich to lean.

5 and 6 it is therefore assumed that the signal FR.I continuously forms the reference signal for determining the phase shift. In contrast, in the ratio of FIGS. 5 and 8 it has been assumed that the earliest probe jump point is the reference point. In all cases it was assumed that only a certain jump direction is used for the probe signal for the formation of the reference point, however, each probe jump can be used.

As explained above with reference to FIGS. 2a and b, there is a fixed phase shift in the value of the dead time TT between the control deviation signal RAW and the control factor signal FR. This phase shift TT applies equally to both control factor signals FR.I and FR.II, so that it has no influence whatsoever on a mutual shift of these two signals to one another. The phase shift can therefore not only be calculated with the aid of the step signals from the lambda probes 17.I and 17.II, but also the control factors FR.I and FR.II can be compared directly with one another. This is shown in Fig. 9. The only difference from the corresponding part of the illustration in FIG. 1 is that the phase calculation step 23 contains the values of the control factors FR.I and FR. II instead of the values of the control deviations RAW.I and RAW.II are supplied. Also in FIG. 9, a solid line leads to phase from the phase correction step 24 Step 21. II, on the other hand a dashed line to regulation step 21.I. This is to indicate that in all cases it is either possible to fix one of the control factor signals, in the example the control factor signal FR.I, and only to correct the other (FIGS. 5 and 6), or that it is possible, in each case, to the earliest signal To refer and correct the other. In this case, the phase correction step 24 must deliver a correction value to the first control step 21.I and another time to the control step 21.II.

By the phase shift between the control factor signals FR.I and FR. II to determine, it is convenient to take the run through the fixed value 1. Correspondingly, in the representations of FIGS. 6 and 11, the reference point lies on the auxiliary line for the value mentioned. The reference point is the point in time at which one of the two signals FR.I and FR. II first reached the value 1. In Fig. 10 this is the signal FR.I because the signal FR. II lags. In Fig. 11 the reverse is the case. The time period Δ PS is measured in each case, which takes place between the passage of the earlier signal by the value 1 and the passage of the later signal by this value. Accordingly, the lagging signal FR. II decreased by the value Δ PS x IV, so that it reaches the lower value it would have taken if it had already run through the value 1 earlier in the declining state by the period Δ PS, i.e. in time with the passage of FR.I from the bottom up. Conversely, in the sequence according to FIG. 11, the signal FR.I is increased by the value .DELTA.PS x IV with the lapse of the time interval .DELTA.PS in order to lag behind the signal FR. II fix. Even in cases according to those of FIGS. 10 and 11, the correction step can be broken down into a number of individual steps if a single correction step would be undesirably large. Among the methods described, those that use one of the signal curves of the control factors as a permanent reference curve have the advantage of simplicity. On the other hand, the procedures that refer to the earliest phase are faster. The correction does not necessarily have to be made in steps, but can also be done by changing the integration times with which the control deviation values are integrated to form the control factors.

A device for executing the described methods and also other methods operating according to the general principle shown is preferably provided by a microcomputer to which the signals of the two lambda sensors are fed and which has two means for two-point control, a means for determining the actual phase shift and has a means for setting the target phase shift between the two control loops. If there are more than two control loops with associated lambda probes, the device has a means for determining the actual phase shift as they exist between the control oscillations, which are generated by two means for two-point control, and the means for setting the desired phase shifts designed so that it maintains a target phase shift between two associated control loops.

Claims

Expectations

1. Method for lambda control for an internal combustion engine with at least two lambda probes in the same position, that is, that

- At least two different air / fuel mixtures for different cylinders in two control loops are controlled and

- Target phase shifts are set between the control oscillations.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the phase of one of the control loops is used continuously as a reference phase and the phase shifts of the other control loops are set via correction values.

3. The method according to claim 1, so that the earliest phase is used as the reference phase and the phase shifts of the other control loops are set via correction values.

4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the phase adjustment by Addie Ren or subtract the respective correction value, which is determined from the product of phase shift differences and the control integratons, the phase shift difference is the temporal difference between the measured and predetermined phase difference.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2-4, so that the correction value is broken down into a plurality of individual values when a maximum value is exceeded, each of which corresponds to the maximum value, and that these individual values are added or subtracted with a temporal offset.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the time offset corresponds to a computing cycle of a microcomputer.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that two control loops a phase shift of about half an oscillation period is set.

8. Device for lambda control for an internal combustion engine with at least two lambda sensors in the same position, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h

- at least two means for two-point control,

a means for determining the actual phase shift between the control oscillations, as are generated by two means for two-point control, and

- A means for setting the target phase shift between two control loops.