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EP0374341A1 - Bottle with a concave base and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents

Bottle with a concave base and method of manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374341A1
EP0374341A1 EP88730283A EP88730283A EP0374341A1 EP 0374341 A1 EP0374341 A1 EP 0374341A1 EP 88730283 A EP88730283 A EP 88730283A EP 88730283 A EP88730283 A EP 88730283A EP 0374341 A1 EP0374341 A1 EP 0374341A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottle
floor
standing
transition
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88730283A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0374341B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Dipl.-Ing. Majetschak
Ernst W. Dr.-Ing. Lange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Priority to DE88730283T priority Critical patent/DE3887687D1/en
Priority to AT88730283T priority patent/ATE101249T1/en
Publication of EP0374341A1 publication Critical patent/EP0374341A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0374341B1 publication Critical patent/EP0374341B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
    • B21K21/14—Shaping end portions of hollow articles closed or substantially-closed ends, e.g. cartridge bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bottle with an inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom) according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a bottom.
  • the inward-curved bottom (concave bottom) in accordance with IRG 310 (November 1978 edition) and ISO 4705 (1983) is known and has been produced in this form for decades.
  • the great disadvantage of this known bottom shape is that it is less suitable for manual transport, since the very flat and strongly rounded transition from the section of the bottom designed for a vertical standing of the bottle to the arch surface is not safe to handle and therefore easily accidents can arise. Due to the constantly increasing requirements regarding occupational safety, grip safety is becoming more and more important for manual transport.
  • the minimum value of the outer base diameter (0.8 times the outer diameter of the bottle) required by the market is not reliably achieved.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the task of creating a bottle with an inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom) and to provide a method for producing such a bottom, the shape of which is suitable for hand transportation and safe to hand with a low surface pressure and sufficient Stability guaranteed for the bottle.
  • the two essential features of the shape of an inwardly curved base (concave base) are a flat, ring-shaped base surface lying at right angles to the bottle axis and a flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface which is arranged between the arch surface and the base surface and has a rounded portion at the transition to the base surface. Due to the flat, ring-shaped base, a high level of stability for the bottle is achieved on the one hand, and on the other hand, with a correspondingly large radial extension of this base, the weight of the bottle can be more evenly distributed over the palm of the hand during manual transport, thereby minimizing the surface pressure.
  • the lower limit of the radial extent should therefore be 20 mm and preferably greater than 30 mm.
  • the grip of the base shape according to the invention is achieved by the flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface adjoining the standing surface, which has a rounded portion at the transition to the standing surface. So that slipping is reliably prevented, this gripping surface must have a certain pitch angle and a certain minimum height.
  • the pitch angle is defined here as the angle between the gripping surface and the standing surface plane in the direction of the curvature.
  • the required minimum incline is 60 degrees, whereby due to the anatomy of the human hand, grip increases with increasing angle. Values greater than 90 degrees are advantageous, but they can only be achieved with increased production effort.
  • the required minimum height which is understood here to be parallel to the bottle axis, is 10 mm, values of 12 mm and more are more advantageous.
  • the curvature height is not a feature of the bottom shape according to the invention, since it is determined by the TRG 310. The transition from the standing surface to the gripping surface must not be sharp-edged with regard to the risk of injury and is therefore rounded.
  • the inventive method for chipless production of an inwardly curved floor with the features described above from an elongated, cylindrical hollow body, the bottom area of which is hot-formed by appropriately shaped tools, is characterized in that the material is initially axially parallel to the body axis and then essentially radially is displaced from the core area into the jacket area.
  • the hollow body is a tube section, the wall thickness of which is thickened in the area of an open end by upsetting and then this area is closed on a forging or spinning machine a convex arched floor is deformed and welded and the floor is further shaped by pressing tools to an inwardly curved floor. It is essential that sufficient material is piled up in the middle of the floor in the foothold, which material is displaced in the subsequent further shaping in the same or increasing flow angle in the direction of the cylinder wall. This large material displacement is necessary, because otherwise the flat base in the vicinity of the cylindrical part cannot be molded on. This results in the same wall thickness for the floor over the entire arch area at the same flow angle.
  • the wall thickness of the floor increases from the center of the floor towards the cylindrical part, this increase being in the range between 10 to 40%.
  • the diameter of this lens-like projection is in the range between 8 to 25% of the outer diameter of the bottle.
  • the heat introduced into the material for the upsetting of the pipe section and the shaping of the convexly curved forebody can advantageously subsequently be used for the final shaping of the bottom.
  • reheating of the floor area is therefore unnecessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inventive base shape of an inwardly curved base 1 in a partial longitudinal section of a bottle.
  • This floor 1 is characterized by a flat and ring-shaped base 2 that is perpendicular to the bottle axis 3.
  • the radial extent of this flat footprint 2 is indicated by an arrow 4. It should be at least 20 mm and preferably be greater than 30 mm.
  • the size of the standing circle diameter of this base 1 is indicated by arrow 5. It is at least 0.8 times the outer bottle diameter (here marked with arrow 6).
  • the standing surface 2 merges with a radial rounding 7 into the cylindrical part 8 of the bottle. Depending on the manufacturing process, this rounding 7 lies in a range between 10 and 30 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the cylindrical part 8 is indicated by arrow 9.
  • a flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface 11 adjoins the standing surface 2 in the direction of the arching surface 10, the transition to the standing surface 2 being rounded.
  • This rounding 12 is approximately 5 mm in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the pitch angle beta 13 of the gripping surface 11, here defined as the angle between the gripping surface 11 and the plane of the standing surface 2, is in the range between 60 and 120 °.
  • the height 14 of the gripping surface 11, which is parallel to the bottle axis 3, should be at least 10 mm.
  • the curved surface 10 adjoins the gripping surface 11 and extends without a step to the bottom center 15.
  • the wall thickness in the bottom center 15, here marked with arrow 16, and the bulge height, here marked with arrow 17, corresponds to the regulations of TRG 310.
  • the bulge surface 10 is elliptical in section and runs almost parallel to the inner surface 19 of the inwardly curved bottom 1.
  • the major axis of the elliptical shape is perpendicular to the bottle axis 3.
  • the parallel course of the outer 10 and inner surface 19 of the bottom 1 means an approximately constant wall thickness in the entire arch area, ie that the wall thickness at End of the arch surface 10, here marked with arrow 18, is equal to the wall thickness 16 in the bottom center 15.
  • FIG. 2 A second exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, the same identifiers being used for the same surfaces.
  • This floor shape differs from that in FIG. 1 in that in order to avoid supercritical stresses in the floor center 15 during the manufacture of this floor, a lens-like convex outer surface 20 is formed in the area of the floor center 15.
  • the diameter 21 of this lens-like projection is in the range between 8 to 25 percent of the outer diameter 6 of the bottle.
  • This embodiment differs from that in FIG. 1 in a further feature.
  • the outer 10 and inner surface 19 is almost circular in section, the outer surface 10 being more curved than the inner surface 19. This has the consequence that the wall thickness in the arch region of Bottom center increases towards the cylinder wall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bottle made of a metal material for the storage of compressed gases, with a rotationally symmetrical inwardly-arched bottom which merges into the cylindrical part of the bottle without step. In order to make this bottom suitable for the shape of the hand and non-slip for manual transport and to guarantee sufficient standing safety, the bottom has a plane standing surface (2) which extends radially and lies at right angles to the axis of the bottle, and a plane rotationally symmetrical gripping surface (11) is provided between the arched surface (10) and the standing surface (2). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Flasche mit einem nach innen gewölbten Boden (Konkavboden) gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bodens.The invention relates to a bottle with an inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom) according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a bottom.

Der nach innen gewölbte Boden (Konkavboden) gemäß IRG 310 (Ausgabe November 1978) und ISO 4705 (1983) ist bekannt und wird in dieser Form seit Jahrzehnten hergestellt. Der große Nachteil dieser bekannten Bodenform besteht darin, daß er für den manuellen Transport weniger gut geeignet ist, da der sehr flach verlaufende und stark abgerundete übergang von dem für einen vertikalen Stand der Flasche ausgebildeten Abschnitt des Bodens zur Wölbungsfläche nicht griffsicher ist und deswegen leicht Unfälle entstehen können. Aufgrund der ständig steigenden Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Arbeitssicherheit wird die Griffsicherheit beim manuellen Transport von immer größerer Bedeutung. Außerdem wird bei der bekannten Bodenform der vom Markt geforderte Mindestwert des äußeren Standkreisdurchmessers (0,8 mal äußerer Durchmesser der Flasche) nicht sicher erreicht.The inward-curved bottom (concave bottom) in accordance with IRG 310 (November 1978 edition) and ISO 4705 (1983) is known and has been produced in this form for decades. The great disadvantage of this known bottom shape is that it is less suitable for manual transport, since the very flat and strongly rounded transition from the section of the bottom designed for a vertical standing of the bottle to the arch surface is not safe to handle and therefore easily accidents can arise. Due to the constantly increasing requirements regarding occupational safety, grip safety is becoming more and more important for manual transport. In addition, with the known base shape, the minimum value of the outer base diameter (0.8 times the outer diameter of the bottle) required by the market is not reliably achieved.

Es ist auch aus der DE-OS 33 27 171 eine Flasche mit einem konvex gewölbten Boden bekannt, der einen sogenannten Integralfuß aufweist. Dieser Fuß ist zwar im Hinblick auf eine gute Standsicherheit konzipiert, aber für einen optimalen manuellen Transport überhaupt nicht geeignet. Hinderlich ist zum einen der scharfkantige äußere übergang von der ebenen Standfläche des Fußes in den Bodenbereich bzw. in den zylindrischen Teil und zum anderen die geringe radiale Erstreckung der Standfläche im Vergleich zum großen Flaschendurchmesser.It is also known from DE-OS 33 27 171 a bottle with a convexly curved bottom, which has a so-called integral foot. Although this foot is designed with a view to good stability, it is not at all suitable for optimal manual transport. A hindrance is on the one hand the sharp-edged outer transition from the flat footprint of the foot into the floor area or in the cylindrical part and on the other hand the small radial extent of the footprint compared to the large bottle diameter.

Bekannt ist außerdem eine Flasche mit einem konvex gewölbten Boden mit Integralfuß (US-PS 3,885,835), bei dem der äußere übergang zum Bodenbereich bzw. den zylindrischen Teil abgerundet ist. Aber auch diese Flasche ist wenig für einen manuellen Transport geeignet, da durch die starke Abrundung des Fußes die Flächenpressung besonders groß ist.Also known is a bottle with a convexly curved bottom with an integral base (US Pat. No. 3,885,835), in which the outer transition to the bottom area or the cylindrical part is rounded. But this bottle is also not very suitable for manual transport, because the strong rounding of the foot means that the surface pressure is particularly high.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Flasche mit einem nach innen gewölbten Boden (Konkavboden) zu schaffen und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bodens anzugeben, dessen Gestalt für den manuellen Transport handformgerecht und griffsicher mit einer geringen Flächenpressung ist und eine ausreichende Standsicherheit für die Flasche gewährleistet.The present invention has therefore set itself the task of creating a bottle with an inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom) and to provide a method for producing such a bottom, the shape of which is suitable for hand transportation and safe to hand with a low surface pressure and sufficient Stability guaranteed for the bottle.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Flasche mit den im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved in a generic bottle with the features specified in the main claim.

Die zwei wesentlichen Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Gestalt eines nach innen gewölbten Bodens (Konkavboden) sind eine ebene, rechtwinklig zur Flaschenachse liegende, ringförmige Standfläche und eine zwischen der Wölbungsfläche und der Standfläche angeordnete, ebene rotationssymmetrische Greiffläche, die am übergang zur Standfläche eine Abrundung aufweist. Durch die ebene, ringförmige Standfläche wird zum einen eine hohe Standsicherheit für die Flasche erzielt und zum anderen kann bei einer entsprechenden großen radialen Erstreckung dieser Standfläche das Gewicht der Flasche beim manuellen Transport gleichmässiger über die Handfläche verteilt und dadurch die Flächenpressung minimiert werden. Die untere Grenze der radialen Erstreckung sollte deshalb bei 20 mm liegen und vorzugsweise größer 30 mm sein. Damit der Wert von 0,8 mal äußerer Flaschendurchmesser für den äußeren Standkreisdurchmesser sicher erreicht wird, wobei die technisch machbare Obergrenze bei etwa 0,9 liegt, ist der übergang vom zylindrischen Teil zur Standfläche klein zu halten, wobei der herstellungsbedingte Grenzwert für den Radius der Abrundung bei etwa 10 mm liegt. Für die üblichen Herstellverfahren ergibt sich ein Radius von etwa 25 mm.The two essential features of the shape of an inwardly curved base (concave base) according to the invention are a flat, ring-shaped base surface lying at right angles to the bottle axis and a flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface which is arranged between the arch surface and the base surface and has a rounded portion at the transition to the base surface. Due to the flat, ring-shaped base, a high level of stability for the bottle is achieved on the one hand, and on the other hand, with a correspondingly large radial extension of this base, the weight of the bottle can be more evenly distributed over the palm of the hand during manual transport, thereby minimizing the surface pressure. The lower limit of the radial extent should therefore be 20 mm and preferably greater than 30 mm. To ensure that the value of 0.8 times the outer bottle diameter for the outer standing circle diameter is safely reached, with the technically feasible upper limit being around 0.9, the transition from the cylindrical part to the standing area must be kept small, the manufacturing-related limit value for the radius of the Rounding off at around 10 mm lies. A radius of approximately 25 mm results for the usual manufacturing processes.

Die Griffsicherheit der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenform wird durch die an die Standfläche anschließende ebene, rotationssymmetrische Greiffläche erreicht, die am übergang zur Standfläche eine Abrundung aufweist. Damit ein Abrutschen sicher verhindert wird, muß diese Greiffläche einen bestimmten Steigungswinkel und eine bestimmte Mindesthöhe aufweisen. Der Steigungswinkel ist hier definiert als der Winkel zwischen der Greiffläche und der Standflächenebene in Richtung der Wölbung. Die erforderliche Mindeststeigung beträgt 60 Grad, wobei bedingt durch die Anatomie der menschlichen Hand die Griffsicherheit mit steigendem Winkel zunimmt. Vorteilhaft sind Werte größer 90 Grad, die aber nur mit erhöhtem Aufwand bei der Herstellung zu realisieren sind. Die erforderliche Mindesthöhe, die hier als parallel zur Flaschenachse liegend verstanden wird, beträgt 10 mm, vorteilhafter sind Werte von 12 mm und mehr. Die Wölbungshöhe ist kein Merkmal der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenform, da sie durch die TRG 310 festgelegt ist. Der übergang von der Standfläche zur Greiffläche darf im Hinblick auf die Verletzungsgefahr nicht scharfkantig sein und weist deshalb eine Abrundung auf.The grip of the base shape according to the invention is achieved by the flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface adjoining the standing surface, which has a rounded portion at the transition to the standing surface. So that slipping is reliably prevented, this gripping surface must have a certain pitch angle and a certain minimum height. The pitch angle is defined here as the angle between the gripping surface and the standing surface plane in the direction of the curvature. The required minimum incline is 60 degrees, whereby due to the anatomy of the human hand, grip increases with increasing angle. Values greater than 90 degrees are advantageous, but they can only be achieved with increased production effort. The required minimum height, which is understood here to be parallel to the bottle axis, is 10 mm, values of 12 mm and more are more advantageous. The curvature height is not a feature of the bottom shape according to the invention, since it is determined by the TRG 310. The transition from the standing surface to the gripping surface must not be sharp-edged with regard to the risk of injury and is therefore rounded.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur spanlosen Herstellung eines nach innen gewölbten Bodens mit den vorher beschriebenen Merkmalen aus einem langgestreckten, zylindrischen Hohlkörper, dessen Bodenbereich durch entsprechend geformte Werkzeuge warm umgeformt wird, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zunächst axial parallel zur Körperachse und anschließend im wesentlichen radial vom Kernbereich in den Mantelbereich verdrängt wird.The inventive method for chipless production of an inwardly curved floor with the features described above from an elongated, cylindrical hollow body, the bottom area of which is hot-formed by appropriately shaped tools, is characterized in that the material is initially axially parallel to the body axis and then essentially radially is displaced from the core area into the jacket area.

Im einfachsten Falle ist der Hohlkörper ein Rohrabschnitt, dessen Wanddicke im Bereich eines offenen Endes durch Anstauchen verdickt und anschließend dieser Bereich auf einer Schmiede- oder Spinningmaschine zu einem konvex gewölbten Vorboden umgeformt und verschweißt wird und der Vorboden mittels Preßwerkzeuge zu einem nach innen gewölbten Boden weiter umgeformt wird. Dabei ist es wesentlich, daß bei dem Vorboden ausreichend Material im Bodenmittenbereich angehäuft wird, das bei der anschließenden weiteren Umformung in einem gleichen oder größer werdenden Fließwinkel in Richtung Zylinderwand verdrängt wird. Diese große Materialverdrängung ist erforderlich, da ansonsten die ebene Standfläche in der Nähe des zylindrischen Teiles nicht angeformt werden kann. Dabei ergibt sich bei gleichem Fließwinkel eine gleiche Wanddicke für den Boden über den gesamten Wölbungsbereich. Bei größer werdendem Fließwinkel nimmt die Wanddicke des Bodens von der Bodenmitte aus in Richtung zylindrischer Teil zu, wobei diese Zunahme im Bereich zwischen 10 bis 40 % liegt. Um den Bereich im Bodenzentrum hinsichtlich der Materialverdrängung nicht überkritisch zu beanspruchen, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Außenoberfläche des Bodens im Bodenzentrum mit einer konvexen Krümmung linsenartig anzuformen, die dann absatzlos in die konkav gekrümmte Wölbungsfläche übergeht. Dabei liegt der Durchmesser dieses linsenartigen Vorsprunges im Bereich zwischen 8 bis 25 % des äußeren Durchmessers der Flasche.In the simplest case, the hollow body is a tube section, the wall thickness of which is thickened in the area of an open end by upsetting and then this area is closed on a forging or spinning machine a convex arched floor is deformed and welded and the floor is further shaped by pressing tools to an inwardly curved floor. It is essential that sufficient material is piled up in the middle of the floor in the foothold, which material is displaced in the subsequent further shaping in the same or increasing flow angle in the direction of the cylinder wall. This large material displacement is necessary, because otherwise the flat base in the vicinity of the cylindrical part cannot be molded on. This results in the same wall thickness for the floor over the entire arch area at the same flow angle. As the flow angle increases, the wall thickness of the floor increases from the center of the floor towards the cylindrical part, this increase being in the range between 10 to 40%. In order not to overcritically claim the area in the floor center with regard to material displacement, it has proven to be advantageous to lens-shape the outer surface of the floor in the floor center with a convex curvature, which then merges seamlessly into the concave curved surface. The diameter of this lens-like projection is in the range between 8 to 25% of the outer diameter of the bottle.

Die für die Anstauchung des Rohrabschnittes und die Anformung des konvex gewölbten Vorbodens erforderliche in das Material eingebrachte Wärme kann vorteilhafterweise anschließend für die endgültige Anformung des Bodens verwendet werden. Damit wird im Regelfall eine Nachwärmung des Bodenbereiches überflüssig. Je nach Werkstoff und Größe der Flasche kann aber eine Nachwärmung des Bodenbereiches trotzdem erforderlich sein.The heat introduced into the material for the upsetting of the pipe section and the shaping of the convexly curved forebody can advantageously subsequently be used for the final shaping of the bottom. As a rule, reheating of the floor area is therefore unnecessary. Depending on the material and size of the bottle, it may still be necessary to reheat the floor area.

In der Zeichnung wird der erfindungsgemäße Boden anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.In the drawing, the floor according to the invention is explained in more detail using two exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch die erfinderische Form eines nach innen gewölbten Bodens (Konkavboden).
  • Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel
Show it:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through the inventive form of an inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom).
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment

In Figur 1 ist in einem Teillängsschnitt einer Flasche ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfinderischen Bodenform eines nach innen gewölbten Bodens 1 dargestellt. Dieser Boden 1 zeichnet sich durch eine ebene und ringförmige Standfläche 2 aus, die rechtwinklig zur Flaschenachse 3 liegt. Die radiale Erstreckung dieser ebenen Standfläche 2 ist durch einen Pfeil 4 angedeutet. Sie soll mindestens 20 mm betragen und vorzugsweise größer 30 mm sein. Die Größe des Standkreisdurchmessers dieses Bodens 1 ist mit Pfeil 5 gekennzeichnet. Er beträgt mindestens 0,8 mal äußerer Flaschendurchmesser (hier gekennzeichnet mit Pfeil 6). Die Standfläche 2 geht mit einer radialen Abrundung 7 in den zylindrischen Teil 8 der Flasche über. Diese Abrundung 7 liegt je nach Herstellverfahren in einem Bereich zwischen 10 und 30 mm. Die Wanddicke des zylindrischen Teils 8 ist mit Pfeil 9 gekennzeichnet. An die Standfläche 2 in Richtung Wölbungsfläche 10 schließt sich eine ebene, rotationssymmetrische Greiffläche 11 an, wobei der übergang zur Standfläche 2 abgerundet ist. Diese Abrundung 12 beträgt bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 5 mm. Der Steigungswinkel beta 13 der Greiffläche 11, hier definiert als der Winkel zwischen der Greiffläche 11 und der Ebene der Standfläche 2, liegt im Bereich zwischen 60 und 120°. Die Höhe 14 der Greiffläche 11, die parallel zur Flaschenachse 3 liegt, soll mindestens 10 mm betragen. An die Greiffläche 11 schließt sich die Wölbungsfläche 10 an, die absatzlos sich bis zum Bodenzentrum 15 erstreckt. Die Wanddicke im Bodenzentrum 15, hier gekennzeichnet mit Pfeil 16, sowie die Wölbungshöhe, hier gekennzeichnet mit Pfeil 17, entspricht den Vorschriften der TRG 310. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Wölbungsfläche 10 im Schnitt ellipsenförmig und verläuft nahezu parallel zur Innenoberfläche 19 des nach innen gewölbten Bodens 1. Dabei liegt die große Achse der Ellipsenform senkrecht auf der Flaschenachse 3. Der parallele Verlauf der Außen10- und Innenoberfläche 19 des Bodens 1 bedeutet eine annähernd konstante Wanddicke im gesamten Wölbungsbereich, d. h., daß die Wanddicke am Ende der Wölbungsfläche 10, hier gekennzeichnet mit Pfeil 18, gleich der Wanddicke 16 im Bodenzentrum 15 ist.1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inventive base shape of an inwardly curved base 1 in a partial longitudinal section of a bottle. This floor 1 is characterized by a flat and ring-shaped base 2 that is perpendicular to the bottle axis 3. The radial extent of this flat footprint 2 is indicated by an arrow 4. It should be at least 20 mm and preferably be greater than 30 mm. The size of the standing circle diameter of this base 1 is indicated by arrow 5. It is at least 0.8 times the outer bottle diameter (here marked with arrow 6). The standing surface 2 merges with a radial rounding 7 into the cylindrical part 8 of the bottle. Depending on the manufacturing process, this rounding 7 lies in a range between 10 and 30 mm. The wall thickness of the cylindrical part 8 is indicated by arrow 9. A flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface 11 adjoins the standing surface 2 in the direction of the arching surface 10, the transition to the standing surface 2 being rounded. This rounding 12 is approximately 5 mm in this exemplary embodiment. The pitch angle beta 13 of the gripping surface 11, here defined as the angle between the gripping surface 11 and the plane of the standing surface 2, is in the range between 60 and 120 °. The height 14 of the gripping surface 11, which is parallel to the bottle axis 3, should be at least 10 mm. The curved surface 10 adjoins the gripping surface 11 and extends without a step to the bottom center 15. The wall thickness in the bottom center 15, here marked with arrow 16, and the bulge height, here marked with arrow 17, corresponds to the regulations of TRG 310. In this embodiment, the bulge surface 10 is elliptical in section and runs almost parallel to the inner surface 19 of the inwardly curved bottom 1. The major axis of the elliptical shape is perpendicular to the bottle axis 3. The parallel course of the outer 10 and inner surface 19 of the bottom 1 means an approximately constant wall thickness in the entire arch area, ie that the wall thickness at End of the arch surface 10, here marked with arrow 18, is equal to the wall thickness 16 in the bottom center 15.

In Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, wobei für gleiche Flächen gleiche Kennzeichen verwendet worden sind. Diese Bodenform unterscheidet sich von der in Figur 1 dadurch, daß zur Vermeidung von überkritischen Beanspruchungen im Bodenzentrum 15 bei der Herstellung dieses Bodens, im Bereich des Bodenzentrums 15 eine linsenartig konvex gewölbte Außenfläche 20 angeformt ist. Der Durchmesser 21 dieses linsenartigen Vorsprunges liegt im Bereich zwischen 8 bis 25 Prozent des äußeren Durchmessers 6 der Flasche.A second exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, the same identifiers being used for the same surfaces. This floor shape differs from that in FIG. 1 in that in order to avoid supercritical stresses in the floor center 15 during the manufacture of this floor, a lens-like convex outer surface 20 is formed in the area of the floor center 15. The diameter 21 of this lens-like projection is in the range between 8 to 25 percent of the outer diameter 6 of the bottle.

In einem weiteren Merkmal unterscheidet sich dieses Ausführungsbeispiel von der in Figur 1. Die Außen 10- und Innenoberfläche 19 ist im Schnitt nahezu kreisförmig, wobei die Außenoberfläche 10 stärker gekrümmt ist als die Innenoberfläche 19. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Wanddicke im Wölbungsbereich vom Bodenzentrum in Richtung Zylinderwand zunimmt. In diesem konkreten Beispiel bedeutet dies, daß die Wanddicke, hier gekennzeichnet mit Pfeil 22, gemessen am übergang von der konvex gewölbten Fläche 20 im Bodenzentrum 15 zur Wölbungsfläche 10 kleiner ist als die Wanddicke 18 am Ende der Wölbungsfläche 10. Diese Zunahme der Wanddicke liegt im Bereich zwischen 10 bis 40 Prozent.This embodiment differs from that in FIG. 1 in a further feature. The outer 10 and inner surface 19 is almost circular in section, the outer surface 10 being more curved than the inner surface 19. This has the consequence that the wall thickness in the arch region of Bottom center increases towards the cylinder wall. In this specific example, this means that the wall thickness, here marked with arrow 22, measured at the transition from the convexly curved surface 20 in the base center 15 to the arch surface 10 is smaller than the wall thickness 18 at the end of the arch surface 10. This increase in the wall thickness lies in Range between 10 to 40 percent.

Claims (5)

1. Flasche aus einem metallischen Werkstoff zur Speicherung von verdichteten Gasen, Sondergasen oder Gasgemischen mit einem rotationssymmetrisch nach innen gewölbten Boden (Konkavboden), der auf der Innen- und Außenseite mit einer radialen Abrundung absatzlos in den zylindrischen Teil der Flasche übergeht und einen im Bereich des überganges liegenden, für die senkrechte Aufstellung der Flasche geeigneten ringförmigen Abschnitt aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Boden (1) eine ebene, radial sich erstreckende und rechtwinklig zur Flaschenachse liegende Standfläche (2) aufweist mit einem äußeren Standkreisdurchmesser von mindestens 0,8 mal dem äußeren Flaschendurchmesser, wobei der innere Standkreisdurchmesser durch den übergang zur Wölbungsfläche (10) begrenzt ist und daß zwischen der Wölbungsfläche (10) und der Standfläche (2) eine ebene, rotationssymmetrische Greiffläche (11), die am übergang zur Standfläche (2) eine Abrundung (12) aufweist, vorgesehen ist.1.Bottle made of a metallic material for the storage of compressed gases, special gases or gas mixtures with a rotationally symmetrically inwardly curved bottom (concave bottom), which on the inside and outside merges seamlessly with a radial rounding into the cylindrical part of the bottle and one in the area of the transition lying annular section suitable for the vertical installation of the bottle,
characterized,
that the bottom (1) has a flat, radially extending and perpendicular to the bottle axis standing surface (2) with an outer standing circle diameter of at least 0.8 times the outer bottle diameter, the inner standing circle diameter being limited by the transition to the arch surface (10) and that a flat, rotationally symmetrical gripping surface (11), which has a rounding (12) at the transition to the standing surface (2), is provided between the curved surface (10) and the standing surface (2). 2. Flasche nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die radiale Erstreckung (4) der Standfläche (2) mindestens 20 mm beträgt und der Radius der Abrundung (7) im übergang zum zylindrischen Teil (8) gleich größer 10 mm ist.2. Bottle according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the radial extent (4) of the base (2) is at least 20 mm and the radius of the rounding (7) in the transition to the cylindrical part (8) is equal to greater than 10 mm. 3. Flasche nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Steigungswinkel (13) zwischen der Greiffläche (11) und der Standflächenebene (2) im Bereich zwischen 60 bis 120 Grad liegt und die axiale Höhe (14) der Greiffläche (11) mindestens 10 mm beträgt.3. Bottle according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the pitch angle (13) between the gripping surface (11) and the standing surface plane (2) is in the range between 60 to 120 degrees and the axial height (14) of the gripping surface (11) is at least 10 mm. 4. Verfahren zur spanlosen Herstellung eines nach innen gewölbten Bodens einer Flasche nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, aus einem langgestreckten, zylindrischen Hohlkörper, dessen Bodenbereich durch auf den Hohlkörper einwirkende, entsprechend geformte Werkzeuge warm umgeformt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Hohlkörper zunächst an einem Ende in seiner Wanddicke durch Anstauchen verdickt und anschließend dieser Bereich auf einer Schmiede- oder Spinningmaschine zu einem konvex gewölbten Vorboden umgeformt und verschweißt wird und dieser Vorboden dann mittels Preßwerkzeugen zu einem nach innen gewölbten Boden weiter umgeformt wird.4. A process for the non-cutting production of an inwardly curved bottom of a bottle according to claims 1 to 3, from an elongated, cylindrical hollow body, the bottom area of which is hot-formed by correspondingly shaped tools acting on the hollow body,
characterized,
that the hollow body is first thickened at one end in its wall thickness by upsetting and then this area is shaped and welded on a forging or spinning machine to form a convexly curved front floor and this front floor is then further shaped by pressing tools to an inwardly curved floor. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei der Anformung des konvex gewölbten Vorbodens Material im Bodenmittenbereich angehäuft, das bei der anschließenden weiteren Umformung mit einem gleichen oder größer werdenden Fließwinkel in Richtung Zylinderwand verdrängt wird, wobei ein größer werdender Fließwinkel einer Zunahme der Wanddick des Bodens von der Mitte zur Zylinderwand entspricht.5. The method according to claim 4,
characterized,
that when the convex arched floor is formed, material is accumulated in the central region of the floor, which is displaced in the subsequent further shaping with an equal or increasing flow angle towards the cylinder wall, an increasing flow angle corresponding to an increase in the wall thickness of the floor from the center to the cylinder wall.
EP19880730283 1987-12-04 1988-12-22 Bottle with a concave base and method of manufacturing same Expired - Lifetime EP0374341B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE88730283T DE3887687D1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Concave bottom bottle and method of making same.
AT88730283T ATE101249T1 (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 BOTTLE WITH CONCAVE BOTTOM AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873741628 DE3741628A1 (en) 1987-12-04 1987-12-04 CONCAVE BOTTLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Publications (2)

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EP0374341A1 true EP0374341A1 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374341B1 EP0374341B1 (en) 1994-02-02

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DE (1) DE3741628A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2050166T3 (en)

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CN104930346A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 大连理工大学 Novel steel seamless gas cylinder concave bottom
CN109513812A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-26 常州旷达威德机械有限公司 A kind of processing method of large diameter thin wall arch austenitic stainless steel end socket

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DE102005010282B3 (en) * 2005-03-07 2006-11-02 Rothenberger Ag Compressed gas source with fuel gas filling
DE102005010281B3 (en) * 2005-03-07 2006-10-05 Rothenberger Ag Compressed gas source with fuel gas filling
BE1018707A3 (en) * 2009-03-30 2011-07-05 Seminck Gas Nv PRESSURE VESSEL WITH FLANGE FITTED WITH HANDLE.
CN103084509B (en) * 2013-01-23 2015-05-13 浙江金盾压力容器有限公司 Bottom processing device and bottom processing technology for pipe-made steel cylinder billet

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GB432718A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-08-01 Joseph Hicks Langford Trevorro Improvements in and relating to high pressure gas cylinders
FR1100960A (en) * 1954-03-10 1955-09-27 Devices for restricting a tube
FR2188754A5 (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-01-18 Alcan Aluminiumwerke

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DE711907C (en) * 1937-09-18 1941-10-08 Rheinmetall Borsig Akt Ges Device for pressing hollow bodies closed at one end
US3889835A (en) * 1974-05-10 1975-06-17 Bernzomatic Corp One-piece pressure container
IT1161016B (en) * 1983-02-25 1987-03-11 Simmel Spa CONVEX TYPE BOTTOM, WITH SUPPORT APPENDIX, FOR TECHNICAL GAS CYLINDER, OBTAINED BY HOT FORGING FROM A STEEL BILLET, AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF SUCH BOTTOM

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GB432718A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-08-01 Joseph Hicks Langford Trevorro Improvements in and relating to high pressure gas cylinders
FR1100960A (en) * 1954-03-10 1955-09-27 Devices for restricting a tube
FR2188754A5 (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-01-18 Alcan Aluminiumwerke

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104930346A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 大连理工大学 Novel steel seamless gas cylinder concave bottom
CN109513812A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-26 常州旷达威德机械有限公司 A kind of processing method of large diameter thin wall arch austenitic stainless steel end socket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2050166T3 (en) 1994-05-16
EP0374341B1 (en) 1994-02-02
DE3741628A1 (en) 1989-06-15

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