EP0366598B1 - Breaker core for feeder - Google Patents
Breaker core for feeder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0366598B1 EP0366598B1 EP89730211A EP89730211A EP0366598B1 EP 0366598 B1 EP0366598 B1 EP 0366598B1 EP 89730211 A EP89730211 A EP 89730211A EP 89730211 A EP89730211 A EP 89730211A EP 0366598 B1 EP0366598 B1 EP 0366598B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- breaker core
- crushing
- core
- feeder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/084—Breaker cores
Definitions
- casting molds must be provided with one or more feeders in order to compensate for volume deficits which occur when the casting solidifies and thus to prevent voids forming in the casting.
- the feeders remain connected to the casting and must then be separated. Then the surface of the casting must also be smoothed and deburred.
- the effort involved can be reduced if a crushing core is arranged between the feeder and the mold cavity, which is essentially disc-shaped and has a smaller flow opening than the feeder cross section.
- the connecting web remaining between the feeder and the casting after the casting has solidified becomes smaller, and thus the removal of the feeder is easier.
- the feeder then only needs to be knocked off and no longer has to be cut off by sawing, milling, burning or the like methods. Accordingly, the effort for deburring and smoothing the casting surface is reduced.
- crushing cores for example DE-U-8 710791
- binders for example from quartz, zircon or chromite sands, which are bound with oils, starch binders, water glass or phenolic resins.
- the aim is to have the smallest possible crushing cores with the smallest possible flow opening. So far, however, this requirement has not been met not satisfactorily. Because of their low strength at casting temperatures in connection with the strong suction of the material fed through the passage opening into the casting, these crushing cores can namely be bent or even break towards the casting, with the result that depressions result in the casting, which are either subsequently replenished (eg welded on) or lead to the rejection of the casting. This applies in particular to the casting of iron materials and to crushing cores with larger diameters.
- the invention solves this problem in that the crusher core is provided in addition to its flow opening with further small openings which have no feeding function.
- the openings provided according to the invention achieve a very excellent stabilization of the crushing cores.
- this effect of the openings is due to the fact that the material initially rising in the riser during the casting solidifies very quickly in the small openings and thereby forms metallic webs which increase the strength of the crushing core so much that it increases the strength that occurs during the subsequent feeding process Can withstand forces without or at least without significant deformation.
- These openings should not contribute to feeding the casting and therefore their diameter is limited at the top. In practice, these are mostly openings with a diameter of approximately 2-5 mm and preferably approximately 3-4 mm.
- the separation effect of the crusher core is not affected by the additional webs that form through these small openings. This enables the advantages of the crusher core to be optimally used.
- FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate the principle of the invention using the example of a circularly symmetrical crusher core 1 with a central flow opening 2.
- Several small openings 3 are arranged symmetrically around the flow opening 2, which form the “openings without feeding function” provided according to the invention.
- These openings can have the shape of cylindrical through openings (FIG. 2A) or be chamfered on their outer edges (FIG. 2B).
- FIGS. 3 and 4 A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the small openings 3' arranged around the central flow opening 2 ' are slightly conical.
- their mouth regions are connected to one another on one or on both sides of the crushing core by groove-like ring channels 4 and 5.
- the stabilizing effect of the metallic webs forming in the openings 3 ' is additionally improved.
- the number of openings 3 and 3 ' depends on the diameter of the crushing core.
- the following values have proven to be very suitable for crushing cores of approximately 10 mm thick made of synthetic resin-bonded sand in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, which were provided with openings 3 'with an average diameter of 3.5 mm:
- the invention is not limited to symmetrical crushing cores, but can be used with all types of crushing cores, regardless of the shape and placement of the passage opening 2.
- the invention is also independent of whether the crushing core is combined with exothermic and / or insulating materials in the feeder area (for example feeder casings ) is used.
- the number, size and position of the small openings 3 and 3 ' can easily be determined for each application by a preliminary test.
- the small openings 3 and 3 ' can also be formed in the manufacture of the crushing core (e.g. in the shooting process), but they can also be made subsequently (e.g. by drilling).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Description
Gießformen müssen in der Regel mit einem oder mehreren Speisern versehen werden, um bei der Erstarrung des Gußstückes auftretende Volumendefizite auszugleichen und so eine Lunkerbildung im Gußstück zu verhindern. Die Speiser bleiben nach der Erstarrung mit dem Gußstück verbunden und müssen anschließend abgetrennt werden. Danach muß die Gußstückoberfläche auch noch geglättet und entgratet werden. Der damit verbundene Aufwand läßt sich verringern, wenn zwischen dem Speiser und dem Formenhohlraum ein Brechkern angeordnet wird, der im wesentlichen scheibenförmig ausgebildet ist und eine gegenüber dem Speiserquerschnitt kleinere Durchflußöffnung aufweist. Dadurch wird der nach der Erstarrung des Gußstückes verbleibende Verbindungssteg zwischen Speiser und Gußstück kleiner und somit das Abtrennen des Speisers einfacher. Oftmals braucht der Speiser dann nur noch abgeschlagen zu werden und muß nicht mehr durch Sägen, Fräsen, Brennen o. dgl. Methoden abgetrennt werden. Entsprechend wird auch der Aufwand für das Entgraten und Glätten der Gußoberfläche verringert.As a rule, casting molds must be provided with one or more feeders in order to compensate for volume deficits which occur when the casting solidifies and thus to prevent voids forming in the casting. After solidification, the feeders remain connected to the casting and must then be separated. Then the surface of the casting must also be smoothed and deburred. The effort involved can be reduced if a crushing core is arranged between the feeder and the mold cavity, which is essentially disc-shaped and has a smaller flow opening than the feeder cross section. As a result, the connecting web remaining between the feeder and the casting after the casting has solidified becomes smaller, and thus the removal of the feeder is easier. Often the feeder then only needs to be knocked off and no longer has to be cut off by sawing, milling, burning or the like methods. Accordingly, the effort for deburring and smoothing the casting surface is reduced.
Die meisten der bekannten Brechkerne z.B. DE-U- 8 710791 sind aus üblichen Gießereiformmassen unter Verwendung von Bindemitteln hergestellt, z.B. aus Quarz-, Zirkon- oder Chromitsanden, die mit Ölen, Stärkebindern, Wasserglas oder Phenolharzen gebunden sind. Angestrebt werden dabei möglichst dünne Brechkerne mit einer möglichst kleinen Durchflußöffnung. Diese Forderung läßt sich bislang jedoch nicht befriedigend erfüllen. Wegen ihrer geringen Festigkeit bei Gießtemperaturen in Verbindung mit dem starken Sog des durch die Durchlaßöffnung in das Gußstück hineingespeisten Materials können diese Brechkerne nämlich zum Gußstück hin durchgebogen werden oder sogar brechen, mit der Folge, daß sich im Gußstück Vertiefungen ergeben, die entweder nachträglich wieder aufgefüllt (z.B. aufgeschweißt) werden müssen oder zum Ausschuß des Gußstückes führen. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Gießen von Eisenwerkstoffen und für Brechkerne mit größeren Durchmessern.Most of the known crushing cores, for example DE-U-8 710791, are made from conventional foundry molding compositions using binders, for example from quartz, zircon or chromite sands, which are bound with oils, starch binders, water glass or phenolic resins. The aim is to have the smallest possible crushing cores with the smallest possible flow opening. So far, however, this requirement has not been met not satisfactorily. Because of their low strength at casting temperatures in connection with the strong suction of the material fed through the passage opening into the casting, these crushing cores can namely be bent or even break towards the casting, with the result that depressions result in the casting, which are either subsequently replenished (eg welded on) or lead to the rejection of the casting. This applies in particular to the casting of iron materials and to crushing cores with larger diameters.
Die naheliegende Möglichkeit, die Brechkerne dicker (stärker) auszubilden, beseitigt die Problematik nicht. Dickere Brechkerne benötigen nämlich eine größere Durchflußöffnung als vergleichbare dünnere Brechkerne, weil sonst die Gefahr einer Bildung von Sekundär-Lunkern im Brechkern-Bereich einschließlich des Gußstückes unterhalb des Brechkerns besteht. In der Praxis behilft man sich deshalb häufig damit, den Brechkern nicht mehr bündig mit der Gußstück-Oberfläche, sondern im Abstand so weit oberhalb der Gußstück-Oberfläche anzuordnen, daß sich die zu erwartende Vertiefung nicht mehr bis in das Gußstück hinein erstrecken kann. Dadurch wird dann aber durch den Brechkern nur noch das Abtrennen des Speisers vereinfacht, nicht aber mehr der Aufwand für das Glätten des Gußstückes vermindert, d.h. ein großer Teil der Vorteile des Brechkerns kommen dann nicht mehr zum Tragen.The obvious possibility of making the crushing cores thicker (stronger) does not eliminate the problem. Thicker crushing cores require a larger flow opening than comparable thinner crushing cores, because otherwise there is a risk of secondary cavities being formed in the crushing core area, including the casting, below the crushing core. In practice, it is therefore often used to arrange the crushing core no longer flush with the surface of the casting, but at a distance so far above the surface of the casting that the depression to be expected can no longer extend into the casting. This then only simplifies the separation of the feeder by the crusher core, but no longer reduces the effort for smoothing the casting, i.e. a large part of the advantages of the crusher core then no longer come into play.
Hier setzt die Erfindung ein. Sie hat zur Aufgabe, einen Brechkern (insbesondere für den Guß von Eisenwerkstoffen) zur Verfügung zu stellen, der bei geringer Dicke und kleiner Durchflußöffnung während des Gießens formstabil bleibt, also die vorangehend diskutierten Nachteile vermeidet.This is where the invention comes in. It has the task of providing a crusher core (in particular for the casting of iron materials) which, with a small thickness and a small flow opening, remains dimensionally stable during casting, thus avoiding the disadvantages discussed above.
Diese Aufgabe löst die Erfindung dadurch, daß der Brechkern zusätzlich zu seiner Durchflußöffnung mit weiteren kleinen Öffnungen versehen ist, welche keine Speisefunktion haben.The invention solves this problem in that the crusher core is provided in addition to its flow opening with further small openings which have no feeding function.
Überraschend wurde gefunden, daß mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Öffnungen eine ganz hervorragende Stabilisierung der Brechkerne gelingt. Offenbar beruht diese Wirkung der Öffnungen darauf, daß das während des Gießens zunächst in dem Steigeraufsatz hochsteigende Material sich in den kleinen Öffnungen sehr rasch verfestigt und dadurch metallische Stege bildet, welche die Festigkeit des Brechkerns so stark erhöhen, daß er den während des anschließenden Speisevorganges auftretenden Kräften ohne oder jedenfalls ohne nennenswerte Verformung widerstehen kann. Zum Speisen des Gußstückes sollen diese Öffnungen nicht beitragen und deshalb ist ihr Durchmesser nach oben hin begrenzt. In der Praxis handelt es sich dabei meistens um Öffnungen mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 2 - 5 mm und vorzugsweise von etwa 3 - 4 mm. Die Trennwirkung des Brechkerns wird durch die zusätzlichen Stege, die sich durch diese kleinen Öffnungen hindurch ausbilden, nicht beeinträchtigt. Damit werden die Vorteile des Brechkerns optimal nutzbar gemacht.Surprisingly, it was found that the openings provided according to the invention achieve a very excellent stabilization of the crushing cores. Apparently, this effect of the openings is due to the fact that the material initially rising in the riser during the casting solidifies very quickly in the small openings and thereby forms metallic webs which increase the strength of the crushing core so much that it increases the strength that occurs during the subsequent feeding process Can withstand forces without or at least without significant deformation. These openings should not contribute to feeding the casting and therefore their diameter is limited at the top. In practice, these are mostly openings with a diameter of approximately 2-5 mm and preferably approximately 3-4 mm. The separation effect of the crusher core is not affected by the additional webs that form through these small openings. This enables the advantages of the crusher core to be optimally used.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Darin stellen dar:
- Fig. 1
- einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Brechkern in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2A und B
- zwei Varianten der Öffnungen im Brechkern gemäß Fig. 1 im ausschnittsweisen Querschnitt,
- Fig. 3
- eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brechkerns in Draufsicht und
- Fig. 4
- den Brechkern gemäß Fig. 3 im Querschnitt.
- Fig. 1
- a crushing core designed according to the invention in plan view,
- 2A and B
- two variants of the openings in the crusher core according to FIG. 1 in a partial cross section,
- Fig. 3
- a preferred embodiment of a crushing core according to the invention in plan view and
- Fig. 4
- 3 in cross section.
Die Fig. 1 und 2 veranschaulichen das Prinzip der Erfindung am Beispiel eines kreissymmetrischen Brechkerns 1 mit einer zentralen Durchflußöffnung 2. Symmetrisch um die Durchflußöffnung 2 herum sind mehrere kleine Öffnungen 3 angeordnet, welche die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen "Öffnungen ohne Speisefunktion" bilden. Diese Öffnungen können die Form zylindrischer Durchgangsöffnungen besitzen (Fig. 2A) oder aber an ihren Außenkanten angefast sein (Fig. 2B).1 and 2 illustrate the principle of the invention using the example of a circularly
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellt. Bei dem dort gezeigten Brechkern 1' sind die um die zentrale Durchflußöffnung 2' herum angeordneten kleinen Öffnungen 3' leicht konisch ausgebildet. Außerdem sind ihre Mündungsbereiche auf einer oder auf beiden Seiten des Brechkerns durch nutartige Ringkanäle 4 bzw. 5 miteinander verbunden. Dadurch wird die stabilisierende Wirkung der sich in den Öffnungen 3' ausbildenden metallischen Stege zusätzlich verbessert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the crusher core 1 'shown there, the small openings 3' arranged around the central flow opening 2 'are slightly conical. In addition, their mouth regions are connected to one another on one or on both sides of the crushing core by groove-
Die Anzahl der Öffnungen 3 bzw. 3' hängt vom Durchmesser des Brechkerns ab. Beispielsweise haben sich für Brechkerne von etwa 10 mm Stärke aus kunstharz-gebundenem Sand in der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 und 4, die mit Öffnungen 3' mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 3,5 mm versehen waren, folgende Werte als sehr geeignet erwiesen:
In mehreren Großversuchen wurden mehr als 1000 erfindungsgemäße Brechkerne 1', welche die vorstehenden Abmessungen besaßen, unter Praxisbedingungen getestet, und zwar nur an solchen Gußstücken, an denen bislang regelmäßig eine Durchbiegung des Brechkerns auftrat. In diesen Versuchen zeigten sich bei den erfindungsgemäßen Brechkernen in keinem einzigen Fall auch nur Anzeichen einer Durchbiegung. Außerdem wurden beim Zersägen der Gußstücke sowie der Steiger keine Sekundärlunker im Sicherheitsbereich festgestellt. Dies belegt den enormen Vorteil der Erfindung sehr eindrucksvoll.In several large-scale tests, more than 1000 crushing cores 1 'according to the invention, which had the above dimensions, were tested under practical conditions, and only on castings on which a deflection had previously been regular of the crushing core occurred. In these experiments, no signs of deflection were found in any of the crushing cores according to the invention. In addition, no secondary voids were found in the security area when sawing the castings and risers. This proves the enormous advantage of the invention very impressively.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf symmetrische Brechkerne beschränkt, sondern bei allen Formen von Brechkernen anwendbar, unabhängig von der Form und Plazierung der Durchlaßöffnung 2. Auch ist die Erfindung unabhängig davon, ob der Brechkern zusammen mit exothermen und/oder isolierenden Materialien im Speiserbereich (z.B. Speiserumhüllungen) eingesetzt wird. Anzahl, Größe und Lage der kleinen Öffnungen 3 bzw. 3' lassen sich dabei für jeden Anwendungsfall ohne weiteres durch einen Vorversuch bestimmen.The invention is not limited to symmetrical crushing cores, but can be used with all types of crushing cores, regardless of the shape and placement of the
Die kleinen Öffnungen 3 bzw. 3' können bei der Herstellung des Brechkerns (z.B. im Schießverfahren) mit eingeformt sein, sie können aber auch nachträglich (z.B. durch Bohren) hergestellt sein.The
Claims (5)
- A breaker core for a feeder, which comprises a granular casting material, bonded by a binding agent, characterised in that the breaker core (1, 1') is provided with, in addition to its flow opening (2, 2') a number of relatively smaller openings (3, 3'), which have no feeding function.
- A breaker core according to claim 1, characterised in that the relatively smaller openings (3, 3') are symmetrically arranged around the flow opening (2, 2').
- A breaker core according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the relatively smaller openings (3, 3') have a diameter of 2-5 mm, and preferably of 3-4 mm.
- A breaker core according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the relatively smaller openings (3') are cone shaped.
- A breaker core according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the mouth regions of the relatively smaller openings (3') are connected to a groove like annular channel (4, 5) at least on one side of the breaker core (1').
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3836623A DE3836623A1 (en) | 1988-10-27 | 1988-10-27 | CRUSHING CORE FOR FEEDER |
| DE3836623 | 1988-10-27 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0366598A2 EP0366598A2 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| EP0366598A3 EP0366598A3 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| EP0366598B1 true EP0366598B1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
Family
ID=6366042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89730211A Expired - Lifetime EP0366598B1 (en) | 1988-10-27 | 1989-10-27 | Breaker core for feeder |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0366598B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3836623A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2515903B2 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1996-07-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | AC motor drive system and control method thereof |
| DE19508119A1 (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone with haloalkylthio substituents |
| CN103159575B (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2015-06-17 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Technological cover and application method thereof |
| CN103192029B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2015-08-05 | 山东宏马工程机械有限公司 | Process for casting brake drum toroidal core, coremaking equipment and core manufacturing craft thereof |
| CN103551511B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-07-29 | 沈阳工业大学 | Liquid storage type riser knock-off core |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1597832A (en) * | 1977-03-01 | 1981-09-09 | Foseco Trading Ag | Breaker core assembly for use in the casting of molten metals |
| DE8710791U1 (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1988-02-11 | A. Friedr. Flender AG, 4290 Bocholt | Breaker core |
-
1988
- 1988-10-27 DE DE3836623A patent/DE3836623A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-10-27 DE DE8989730211T patent/DE58904336D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-27 EP EP89730211A patent/EP0366598B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| GIESSEREI LEXIKON, 14. Auflage, E. Brunhuber, 1988, Fachverlag Schiele & Schön GmbH, Berlin, DE, "Einschnürkern", Seite 215 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE58904336D1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| DE3836623A1 (en) | 1990-05-03 |
| EP0366598A2 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| EP0366598A3 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
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