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EP0224427A1 - Wandstruktur mit mehreren Paneelen - Google Patents

Wandstruktur mit mehreren Paneelen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224427A1
EP0224427A1 EP86630159A EP86630159A EP0224427A1 EP 0224427 A1 EP0224427 A1 EP 0224427A1 EP 86630159 A EP86630159 A EP 86630159A EP 86630159 A EP86630159 A EP 86630159A EP 0224427 A1 EP0224427 A1 EP 0224427A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
elongate
wall assembly
panels
panel wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86630159A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William T. Aschinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GENERACELL Corp
Original Assignee
GENERACELL Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GENERACELL Corp filed Critical GENERACELL Corp
Publication of EP0224427A1 publication Critical patent/EP0224427A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/72—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E04F13/0878—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer the basic insulating layer comprising mutual alignment or interlocking means

Definitions

  • Insulated, interior/exterior wall panels are widely used- in the construction of low-rise (i.e. under three stories) commercial buildings, and many other structures. These panels typically are formed of spaced-apart inner and outer steel panels which are coupled together at their laterally disposed edges, as well as by internally disposed structuring formed as webs or the like. The hollow interior of the panels is filled with a rigid foam which serves a principal function of providing insulation between the inner and outer surfaces.
  • a rigid foam which serves a principal function of providing insulation between the inner and outer surfaces.
  • the metal surface panels have no elastomeric memory to the extent that they dent and become unsightly as the building with which they are employed ages and is subject to the vagaries of environment. Further, it has been found that the panels tend to delaminate, the inner and outer metal surfaces moving apart due usually to a rupture in the mechanical coupling of their inner surfaces with the supporting webs. These webs, for example, may be coupled to the inner and outer surfaces by rolled seams or spot welding or the like.
  • the panels may be about 4 feet in width and are from 10 to about 22 feet in height. Attachment to a building frame is carried out by positioning each panel at its proper location and securing them tightly in place using any of a variety of fasteners. Generally, these fasteners provide : support of the panels along their peripheries such that they are "hung" along their lengthwise extents.
  • the present invention is addressed to a multi-panel wall assembly employing panels having a thin polyvinyl chloride or other polymeric shell structure, the inner and outer skin components of which are joined internally by integrally formed thin webs and extend to oppositely disposed connector components preferably fashioned to provide a tongue and groove union between adjacent panels.
  • the web components serve to very reliably retain the inner and outer skins from outward movement and also to define elongate cavities or compartments which retain a rigid filler material, e.g. a foam insulated support.
  • the shell structure is extruded as one piece from an extruding apparatus into a vacuum calibrator serving to effect the cooling of the plastic while closely maintaining the dimensional tolerances of the panel skin geometry.
  • the rigid foam is developed in situ within the cavities of the panels.
  • the panels advantageously exhibit high tolerance to corrosion and environmental phenomena such as dents and the like, while remaining advantageously light in weight to permit their facile erection.
  • the panels are mounted such that essentially their entire weight is supported from their lowermost edges and additional (lateral only) support is provided by intermittently positioned fasteners which retain the panels in a vertical orientation while permitting their slideable movement vertically. These fasteners are coupled at one side only of each panel such that horizontal expansion and contraction may be accommodated for by the tongue and groove union between adjacent panels.
  • a corner panel is provided for the arrangement, in one embodiment by the removal of a V-shaped portion of material from a panel and subsequent bending of the panel into a right angular cross-sectional configuration. The latter bending is available in consequence of the thin dimension of the supporting shell structure.
  • an unfoamed panel may be "bent" longitudinally over a heated rod in the manner of a radius break and subsequently filled with foam.
  • a portion of a building is represented generally at 10 which incorporates a wall panel assembly according to the invention.
  • Building 10 is shown having a lower support surface which may be the periphery of a ground level concrete floor or knee wall fashioned of concrete block or the like.
  • a roof structure is shown at 14 and between the foundation or lower support surface and the roof structure 14 is a multi-panel wall assembly represented generally at 16.
  • the individual panels of the assembly 16 are vertically oriented and individually rest in a compressive state upon the lower support surface 12 by virtue of their slideable positioning within lower channel-form retainers as shown at 18a and 18b.
  • the individual panels as shown at 16a-16f have a width of about two feet and are slideably, joined together along their lengthwise dimensions by elongate connector junctions represented, respectively, at 20a-20g.
  • the upper ends of the panels 16a-16f are received in upper channel retainers 22a and 22b shown positioned beneath roof 14 and vertically oriented above respective lower retainers 18a and 18b.
  • the upper channel form retainers 22a and 22b are fastened to the building structure by bolts or suitable connectors, typically shown at 24, which extend through slots shown, for example at 26, formed within an upstanding connector flange as represented at 28.
  • This mounting arrangement accommodates for the coefficient of linear expansion of the preferred material (polyvinyl chloride) forming the retainer 30.
  • a corner component positioned at the point of tangency of two adjacent wall panel assemblies.
  • Each of the panels 16a-16f are relatively light and are formed having outer skins of polyvinyl chloride or the equivalent thereof which is immune from the corrosive effects of environment and exhibits an elastic memory such that the panels are substantially resist typically encountered damage which otherwise would cause dents and the like.
  • Their structural geometry is arranged such that delamination effects and the like are avoided and the compressive state mounting of them considerably simplifies the requirements of their attachment to the structural components of the building 10.
  • Panel 32 is formed having an elongate polyvinyl chloride or other rigid (i.e. self-supporting) polymeric material (e.g. PVC copolymers, polypropylene, various acrylics, optionally filled or fiber reinforced, etc.) hollow shell structure which includes an elongate, thin inner skin 34 and a correspondingly elongate outer skin 36 spaced therefrom. Extending between the inner skin 34 and outer skin 36 are a plurality of integrally formed elongate, thin webs 38-40 which extend along with skins 34 and 36 from the top edge to the bottom edge of each pane 32.
  • polyvinyl chloride or other rigid (i.e. self-supporting) polymeric material e.g. PVC copolymers, polypropylene, various acrylics, optionally filled or fiber reinforced, etc.
  • hollow shell structure which includes an elongate, thin inner skin 34 and a correspondingly elongate outer skin 36 spaced therefrom. Extending between the inner skin 34 and outer skin 36 are a
  • cavities or compartments 42-45 are formed in each panel 32.
  • the earlier-noted connector assemblies as described at 20a-20g also are integrally formed with each panel and are shown positioned between the inner and outer skins 34 and 36 at the laterally outwardly disposed boundaries thereof as a tongue 48 and groove 50 arrangement.
  • the tongues 48 and corresponding grooves 50 extend between the top and bottom edges of the panel 32 to complete the outer cavity structures 42 and 45.
  • Cavities 42-45 are filled with a filler material which, for example, may be selected as foamed polyurethane or, urea, expanded polystyrene, or like material, which may be insulative. This filler material may be rigid (i.e.
  • the panel 32 will have a thickness of about 3 inches and the thickness of the components forming the shell structure thereof will be quite small.
  • the respective inner and outer skins 34 and 36 have a thickness of about 0.050 inch, while each of the webs as at 38-40 has a thickness of about 0.042 inch.
  • connector structures 48 and 50 are formed of the same thickness as skins 34 and 36.
  • each of the panels 32 is of light weight. In the latter regard, a panel having a width of 2 feet and a height of about 25 feet will weigh slightly over 100 pounds.
  • the shell assembly including inner skin 34, outer skin 36, connector components 48 and 50 and webs 38-40 are integrally formed (as an extrudate) by an extrusion process.
  • Apparatus providing the process is available, for example, through Reifenhauser-Van Dorn Company of Springfield, Vermont.
  • the procedure for extruding the polyvinyl chloride or other polymeric shell further includes the use of a vacuum calibrater which is a form of sizing equipment which receives the hot extruded part or extrudate and has a precisely dimensioned and aligned upper and lower surface which couples by vacuum to inner skin 34 and outer skin 36 to retain the shell assembly in properly toleranced orientation until cooling of the polyvinyl chloride material is completed.
  • elongate tubular probes are maneuvered simultaneously into the cavities 42-45 and in situ foam is applied as venting occurs through the open probe-accessed end of the shell.
  • foam is applied as venting occurs through the open probe-accessed end of the shell.
  • the panel 32 is ready for installation.
  • Other means for filling the.cavity with filler material may be used in conventional fashion as is necessary, desirable, or convenient.
  • the foam within cavities 42-45 functions to assure the structural integrity of the skin components 34 and 36 with respect to inward deflection, while the web components 38-40 provide structural integrity with respect to outward bowing, delamination effects and the like.
  • the plastic shell assembly exhibits the thermally induced expansion and contraction characteristics of a selected polyvinyl chloride which, for example, typically is considered to have a coefficient of linear expansion for a desired polyvinyl chloride, of 3.5 x 10 in./in./°F. Thus, the amount of thermally induced movement expected will be about four times that of steel.
  • this greater expansion is accommodated by providing a self-supported panel as at 32 which rests upon its lower edge essentially in a compressive state and which then is slideably supported at its laterally disposed borders by relatively simple C-shaped connectors.
  • the panel thus is permitted to expand upwardly to accommodate the greatest amount of anticipated thermal expansion, i.e. that expansion along its lengthwise extent. Because of their relatively narrower widthwise extent, the panels 32 will have a much smaller thermally induced expansion in a horizontal or widthwise direction; and, of course, their expansion in terms of thicknes is dismissible.
  • Fig. 2 further reveals that the tongue connector portion of panel 32 is comprised of an outwardly extending protrusion or tongue 52 located at the mid point of the thickness of panel 32.
  • Oppositely disposed slots 54 and 55 are located adjacent the internal sides of respective skins 34 and 36 and are provided to receive a connector functioning to maintain the vertical alignment of the panel when installed such that it remains in a compressive state.
  • the groove component 50 of the connector at the opposite end of panel 32 is provided as a recess 58, the entrance portion of which is configured having two outwardly depending slots 60 and 61 which correspond and are identically dimensioned with slots 54 and 55.
  • FIG. 3 a sectional view of panel 16c is revealed in sectional cut-away fashion, the figure showing exaggerated skin thickness in the interest of clarity. Additionally, the components of panel 16c, as well as associated connected panel 16b, are represented with the numeration of Fig. 2 combined with the alphabetical designations of Fig. 1.
  • the figure shows a column 64 supporting roof 14 from the foundation slab 12. Attached to the column 64 is a horizontally disposed eave girt 66 as well as a corresponding horizontally disposed intermediate girt 68.
  • the panel 16c stands vertically in a state of compression upon the slab or lower support 12 and is retained against inward and outward movement thereupon by a channel-formed lower retainer, represented generally at 18a, the retainer 18a is held in place by suitable concrete fasteners, one of which is revealed at 70 which extend through a hole in the retainer which is formed as an elongate slot to accommodate for thermal expansion and contraction.
  • the retainer 18a is revealed in enhanced detail along with the bottom edge of panel 16c.
  • the retainer is formed having a front flange 72 and a relatively high, i.e. about 4 inches rear flange 74.
  • the bottom of member 18a is shown at 76 being configured having a rearwardly disposed elevated platform portion 78 as well as integrally formed spacers 80-82.
  • An elevated or stepped-up forward portion 84 of the bottom 76 is configured having a drain hole 86.
  • the slotted opening for connector 70 is shown at 88.
  • the panel 16c spacers along with the platform 78 position the panel 16c about 1/4 inch above the interior surface of bottom 76 so s to avoid its contact with water which may otherwise collect in the assembly.
  • moisture may collect on the inward side of forward flange 72 and this moisture will drain through opening 86.
  • Rear flange 74 is higher or of greater extent than flange 72 such that it may serve as a form of vapor barrier for phenomenon often encountered in such installations in the spring or fall months of the year. In this regard, moisture tends to move toward building heat and the flange 74 is of sufficient height to prohibit the such liquid from moving in to the interior of the building.
  • the panel 16c is slideably engaged within the retainer 18a, thus permitting its thermally induced movement or expansion and contraction therewithin.
  • the retainer is formed of a rigid polyvinyl chloride or other suitable resin using an extrusion process.
  • the elongate slots as at 88 assure that the retainer is permitted to expand and contract with changes in temperature.
  • FIG. 3 the upper end of panel 16c is shown being received in a channel-form upper retainer 22a having a front flange 88, a top 90, rear flange 92, and the earlier-described connector flange 28a.
  • the top of panel 16c is represented at 94 which may be observed to be located well downwardly of the top 90 of retainer 22a. This spacing along with the sizing of front flange 88 and rear flange 92 accommodates for thermal contraction and expansion of the panel 16c. In effect, the panel rests upon its lower edge and is permitted to expand upwardly therefrom while residing in compression.
  • that securement may be one which is slideable in nature to thus permit the panel to expand the greater amount necessarily encountered with the use of resin panel structures, inasmuch as the connection arrangement need not carry the weight of the panel.
  • the fastener by which sliding engagement is made with select points at one side of each panel is shown in general in Fig. 3 at 96c as coupled with girt 68 and 98c as coupled with girt 66.
  • the connector 96 employed at the connection identified generally at 20d is revealed in enhanced detail.
  • the fastener is shown (Fig. 5) having a base portion 98 with a slot 100 formed therein for receiving a bolt and nut connector as shown at 102 in Fig. 4.
  • Extending perpendicularly outwardly from the base portion 98 is a C-shaped coupling portion 104, the outer stem 106 of which is dimensioned for slideable insertion with a slot of either connector 48 or 50 of a panel.
  • the connector 96 is simply installed, serves the function of retaining the panels 16 in a vertical orientation while the weight thereof is resting upon lower retainer 18 and functions to permit thermally induced panel movement.
  • the retainers as shown are found to be adequate for architectural and structural engineering design standards. This adequacy is of sufficient nature to eliminate the need for the upper connectors as at 22a.
  • the roof structure 14 can be designed such that the connectors 22a are not present and the upper ends of the panels extend into the roofing configuration.
  • the connectors 22a are employed advantageously during the panel erection process. In this regard, the connectors hold the panels in their necessary vertical orientation prior to tightening of the fasteners.
  • the connectors as at 96 are used in conjunction with only one side of each panel.
  • that side is the one configured as a groove as represented in general at 50 in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows the intended union of two adjacent panels. That figure also reveals a butyl rubber strip or gasket 108 which may be employed to minimize wind incursions through the joint. It has been determined that a clearance, of about 1/4 inch is sufficient between the slot 50c and tongue as at 52d for a given juncture of two panels.
  • FIG. 6 reveals this corner structure 30 in section. Corner structure 30 is shown mounted about a corner of the framing of building 10 defined by intermediate girt 68 and a second intermediate girt--110 positioned in tangency therewith. The corner structure 30 is simply a panel as at 32 which has had a "V" section removed therefrom and which has been bent into a right angular cross-sectional shape. Looking additionally to Fig. 7, a corner panel 30 is revealed having a portion 112 of triangular cross-section disposed along its lengthwise extent at its center removed.
  • Fig. 8 shows that the corner component 30 is formed by bending the two sides of the thus-modified panel together to form a right angle.
  • the inner skin edges as at 114 and 116 may be fused together by conventional PVC fusion technique and the corner device then is mounted in place.
  • a connector as shown at 96f in Fig. 6 holds the corner component in its position by virtue of coupling with the intermediate girt 110. Note, as before, that only one side of the corner component is thus secured to permit thermal expansion. While the removal of the material 112 may be considered labor intensive to a certain extent, it must be recalled that there are relatively few corners in any given commercial building structure. Thus, the corner formation technique shown is quite economical and avoids the necessity for expensive tooling and the like.
  • corner components can be formed from the non-foam filled shell structures using a hot, elongate rod and employing radius break techniques. With such technique an empty panel is positioned over a heated,rod of desied radius and the inner skin and web formation is thermally collapsed as a 90° angular form is developed. Following -such formation, the structure is filled with foam.
  • the panels of the invention will exhibit a class C fire rating as well as a flame spread rating of less than 25 feet.
  • the fireproofing of the panels may be enhanced by appropriate coatings and the like applied to the interior skin 34.
  • a replacement or patch portion of the skin 36 may be fuse welded into place by using conventional techniques.
  • a small portion of the interior skin 34 which might extend above the ceiling level of the appropriate floor of the building can be used for this patch. This approach would enhance color matching for the patch.
  • the erection of the multi-panel wall assembly may vary considerably with the situation at hand in view of the advantageously light weight of the individual panels.
  • the upper channel-formed retainers as described at 22a, 22b as well as the lower retainers 18a, 18b are mounted in place.
  • the lower retainers as well as the upper retainers are mounted to permit thermal expansion and contraction.
  • corner structures are installed initially. The panels are installed by raising them or inserting them in the upper retainers and then aligning them with the lower channels and permitting them to drop. They are then slid laterally to an appropriate position adjacent an interpanel union and the fasteners are located at desired positions upon the eave and intermediate girts. Initial connection of the fasteners is preferably loose such that final panel position may be achieved relatively easily. The bolted connections of the fasteners then are tightened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP86630159A 1985-11-01 1986-10-30 Wandstruktur mit mehreren Paneelen Withdrawn EP0224427A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79412585A 1985-11-01 1985-11-01
US794125 1985-11-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224427A1 true EP0224427A1 (de) 1987-06-03

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EP86630159A Withdrawn EP0224427A1 (de) 1985-11-01 1986-10-30 Wandstruktur mit mehreren Paneelen

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191227A (en) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Bern Research Ltd A panel structure with supporting parts all of plastics material
FR2650612A1 (fr) * 1989-08-07 1991-02-08 Smac Acieroid Dispositif de fixation pour panneaux de facade
WO1996006248A1 (de) * 1994-08-18 1996-02-29 Claus Ebert Boden- oder wandelement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR910884A (fr) * 1944-12-19 1946-06-20 Système de montage de cloisons minces en éléments à surface lisse
DE2657106A1 (de) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-22 Naito Han Ichiro Wand und verfahren zur herstellung einer wand
DE2719448A1 (de) * 1977-04-30 1978-11-02 Toos Verkleidungsplatte

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR910884A (fr) * 1944-12-19 1946-06-20 Système de montage de cloisons minces en éléments à surface lisse
DE2657106A1 (de) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-22 Naito Han Ichiro Wand und verfahren zur herstellung einer wand
DE2719448A1 (de) * 1977-04-30 1978-11-02 Toos Verkleidungsplatte

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191227A (en) * 1986-05-31 1987-12-09 Bern Research Ltd A panel structure with supporting parts all of plastics material
GB2191227B (en) * 1986-05-31 1990-05-16 Bern Research Ltd Improved component structures
FR2650612A1 (fr) * 1989-08-07 1991-02-08 Smac Acieroid Dispositif de fixation pour panneaux de facade
WO1996006248A1 (de) * 1994-08-18 1996-02-29 Claus Ebert Boden- oder wandelement

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