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EP0203871A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Strömung von rohem Saft im Stamm einer Pflanze, z.B. eines Baumes - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Strömung von rohem Saft im Stamm einer Pflanze, z.B. eines Baumes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203871A2
EP0203871A2 EP86401147A EP86401147A EP0203871A2 EP 0203871 A2 EP0203871 A2 EP 0203871A2 EP 86401147 A EP86401147 A EP 86401147A EP 86401147 A EP86401147 A EP 86401147A EP 0203871 A2 EP0203871 A2 EP 0203871A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
probe
tree
flow
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86401147A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0203871A3 (de
Inventor
André François Granier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
Original Assignee
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
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Publication date
Application filed by Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA filed Critical Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
Publication of EP0203871A2 publication Critical patent/EP0203871A2/de
Publication of EP0203871A3 publication Critical patent/EP0203871A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the flow of raw sap in the trunk of a tree or other plant.
  • Measuring transpiration is an essential element in understanding the physiology of the tree and the dynamics of water transfer in forest stands.
  • the inventor in this particular field, he found himself faced with the problem of continuously measuring the flow of raw sap in the trunk of trees.
  • transpiratory flow there are many methods of measuring transpiratory flow.
  • the so-called “heat pulse” method described in particular by Swanson RH, "an instrument for detecting sap movement in woody plants", Sta. Pap. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp. Sta. N ° 68, 1962 and "Velocity distribution patterns in ascending xylem sap during transpiration" in flow its Measurement and control in Science and Industry. And. Rodger and Dowdell.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method which is reliable and precise even for low sap flow rates, while using only simple and inexpensive equipment.
  • the invention therefore provides a method of measuring variations in the flow of raw sap in the trunk of a plant, such as a tree, which includes the steps of setting up, in the sapwood, two temperature measuring probes, one of which is heated and the other is not, of sending in the heating probe an electric current constant intensity and recording the temperature difference between the two probes, these being placed in the same tree, at a distance from each other such that the heat given off by the heating probe cannot appreciably influence the non-heating probe.
  • the non-heating probe is placed substantially on the same vertical as the heating probe, and below it.
  • the invention also provides a device for implementing the method and comprising a heating circuit stabilized by the heating probe, a thermocouple measuring device whose hot and cold solders are placed respectively in the heating and non-heating probes, and means for recording the voltage across the temperature measuring device.
  • the heating probe comprises a rigid tubular core on which a wire is wound. heater, itself surrounded by a heat distribution tube made of a material that conducts electricity well, such as aluminum, the wire winding and the distribution tube having a length roughly equal to the thickness of the sapwood into which the probe is to be inserted, and the tubular core containing one of the winding supply wires.
  • Fig. 1 shows a tree 1 that we want to study.
  • the bark is shown in 2, the sapwood in 3, the heart of the tree in 4.
  • two radial holes' 5, 6 in diameter are drilled in the trunk, so that the probes can be inserted therein without play, the friction being however low enough so that it is possible retrieve it.
  • the holes must pass through the bark and the sapwood, but it is useless and even advisable that they penetrate into the heart.
  • the diameter of the holes is approximately 2 mm, and the hole 6, into which the heating probe will be introduced, is approximately 50 mm above the hole 5, which will contain the non-heating probe 7.
  • the mark 9 designates the power supply and recording box, connected to the probes by temperature measurement cables 10, 11 and to the heating probe by power cables 12, 13.
  • a constantan cable 14 connects the two welds of the thermocouples located in the probes.
  • Fig. 2 is a section through the heating probe 8.
  • the core 21 of this probe consists of a thin metal tube, of the type of those of injection needles for medical use. At its terminal part, the core 21 is surrounded by a winding 22 formed of approximately 75 turns of heating wire in constantan insulated with glass. This winding is maintained by an aluminum tube 23, which is tightly tightened around the winding and at the same time serves as a temperature distributor. Note that in the example described, the length of this tube is -20 mm, for an outside diameter of 2 mm. It seems difficult to go further in miniaturization without taking risks with regard to robustness. The length of 20 mm corresponds to I thickness of sapwood 3 of the trees studied.
  • One of the wires 24 supplying the winding passes inside the core 21, the other 25 is external. Masses of epoxy adhesive 26, 27 hold the winding and the tube 23 in place on the core, one of them also serves to seal the end of the core.
  • the interior of the core also gives way to two wires 28, 29 of thermocouple, one in enameled copper, the other in constantan.
  • the wire 28 is connected by the cable 10 to the recording box, and the wire 29 is connected by the cable 14 to an analog fi1 of the non-heating probe 7.
  • This non-heating probe is identical to the heating probe, but its wires 24 and 25 are not connected. This avoids a difference in thermal behavior.
  • the sounder 30 between the ends of the two wires 28, 29 is placed in a small window made in the wall of the core, roughly at. middle of the length of the winding, and it is immobilized there by a mass of epoxy adhesive.
  • the sensor was tested and calibrated on fragments of trunks between 40 and 50 mm in diameter. Pressurized water was circulated in these samples, and the water flow rate was measured simultaneously by weighing the exudate and the signal delivered by the thermal sensor. The flow rate could be changed by adjusting the water pressure. After the measurements, each sample was sectioned to measure the section of sapwood at the heating element. The calibration focused on three different species: Douglas, Black pine, and Pedunculate oak.
  • Fig: 3 represents the results obtained with on the abscissa the water flow per unit of surface u (in ms -1 ) and on the ordinate the ratio K.
  • the intensity of the current - in the heating resistance was fixed at a value of 0.140 A, which is a compromise between the sensitivity of the sensor (which increases with the applied intensity) and the risk of heating of the temperature reference probe.
  • the coefficient K is based on the evaluation of T M (see equation (4) in ⁇ 1.2). We have assumed that this equilibrium temperature at zero sap flow. could be measured during night sequences where the humidity of the air is close to saturation.
  • Fig. 4 reports for one day the variation of the coefficient K, observed for a tree of each treatment, as well as the evolution of the potential evapotransgiration (FTE) calculated by the Penmann formula.
  • FTE potential evapotransgiration

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
EP86401147A 1985-05-30 1986-05-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Strömung von rohem Saft im Stamm einer Pflanze, z.B. eines Baumes Withdrawn EP0203871A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8508156A FR2582811B1 (fr) 1985-05-30 1985-05-30 Procede et dispositif pour la mesure du flux de seve brute dans le tronc d'un vegetal tel qu'un arbre
FR8508156 1985-05-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0203871A2 true EP0203871A2 (de) 1986-12-03
EP0203871A3 EP0203871A3 (de) 1990-04-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401147A Withdrawn EP0203871A3 (de) 1985-05-30 1986-05-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Strömung von rohem Saft im Stamm einer Pflanze, z.B. eines Baumes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4745805A (de)
EP (1) EP0203871A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2582811B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2198238B (en) * 1986-11-24 1990-08-22 British Gas Plc Method and apparatus for measuring a property of material
CN101221193B (zh) * 2007-09-30 2010-04-21 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 植物茎流流速测量方法及其装置
FR2968889A1 (fr) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-22 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif de visualisation de la consommation d'eau d'un arbre et procede d'estimation de la consommation d'eau.
CN102805011A (zh) * 2012-08-07 2012-12-05 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 一种用于矫正树干木质部液流测定的装置
CN109254031A (zh) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-22 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 一种林木树干正向及反向液流密度测算装置及方法
CN110568020A (zh) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-13 安徽农业大学 植物液流监测装置及方法

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6478116A (en) * 1987-09-19 1989-03-23 Univ Kyushu Measuring instrument for water flow rate in plant stem
DE4010210A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-02 Schulze Ernst Detlef Prof Dr Einrichtung zur messung der transportierten menge an naehrstoffluessigkeit durch das xylem in einem baumstamm
US5682899A (en) * 1991-05-16 1997-11-04 Ami-Med Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous cardiac output monitoring
US5269183A (en) * 1991-08-06 1993-12-14 Bavel Cornelius H M Van Apparatus for measuring sap flow
ES2041585B1 (es) * 1992-01-17 1994-06-01 Temes Salvador Bara Procedimiento para medir la velocidad de savia en ramas vegetales aisladas.
US5509424A (en) * 1994-01-28 1996-04-23 Aws Salim Nashef Continuous cardiac output monitoring system
DE10222640B4 (de) * 2002-05-20 2010-08-12 Liu, Jinchen, Dr.rer.nat. Vorrichtung zur Messung der Transpiration von Pflanzen
US20080184790A1 (en) * 2006-08-18 2008-08-07 Jun Ding Thermal mass flow sensor having low thermal resistance
US8590373B1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2013-11-26 Michael Van Bavel Sap flow sensor apparatus
US10215676B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2019-02-26 Carl L. C. Kah, Jr. Plant stem tree branch or trunk moisture probe
BE1020368A3 (nl) * 2012-01-13 2013-08-06 Univ Gent Een methode voor het meten van sapstroom, waterinhoud en thermische eigenschappen in planten.
WO2016007941A1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Increasing harvest of crop utilizing thermodynamic laws to detect optimal periods for energy needs
CN107613760B (zh) * 2015-05-19 2021-02-09 撒钍拉斯股份有限公司 安装水势检测器的方法及评估作物灌溉情况的方法和系统
CN105067497A (zh) * 2015-07-27 2015-11-18 北京师范大学 一种土壤水分入渗测量装置
RU2611404C1 (ru) * 2015-12-31 2017-02-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт леса Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук Способ измерения скорости движения пасоки в древесных растениях
GB201609905D0 (en) * 2016-06-07 2016-07-20 Ge Oil & Gas Device and system for fluid flow measurement
KR101920994B1 (ko) 2016-06-14 2018-11-21 서울대학교산학협력단 식물의 수액 유속 측정용 마이크로 니들 프로브 장치 및 이를 이용한 식물의 수액 유속 측정 방법
WO2017217773A1 (ko) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 서울대학교 산학협력단 식물의 수액 유속 측정용 마이크로 니들 프로브 장치 및 이를 이용한 식물의 수액 유속 측정 방법
JP6867679B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-05-12 国立大学法人 香川大学 維管束液流速センサ、および維管束液流速センサの製造方法
WO2019023108A1 (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-31 University Of Florida Research Foundation REAL-TIME ECONOMIC REAL-TIME WATER BALANCE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MANAGING IRRIGATION AND STRESS DETECTION
CN110243858B (zh) * 2019-06-10 2024-03-22 佛山科学技术学院 一种植物液流检测装置及其检测方法
CN110174435B (zh) * 2019-06-10 2024-10-18 佛山大学 一种植物液流检测装置的箱体
DE102019210818A1 (de) 2019-07-22 2021-01-28 Michael Martin Goisser Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung der Transpiration von Pflanzen
JP7390655B2 (ja) * 2020-02-18 2023-12-04 学校法人立命館 植物育成システム、コントローラ、植物育成方法、及び、コンピュータプログラム
CN112255273B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-12-16 浙江农林大学 一种基于热扩散技术监测木质双向液流的装置

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FR1454539A (fr) * 1965-08-27 1966-02-11 Rech S Scient Et Ind E R S I E Dispositif pour la mesure de la conductivité thermique de matières en vrac
US4059982A (en) * 1975-08-29 1977-11-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for the measurement of thermal properties of biomaterials

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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1454539A (fr) * 1965-08-27 1966-02-11 Rech S Scient Et Ind E R S I E Dispositif pour la mesure de la conductivité thermique de matières en vrac
US4059982A (en) * 1975-08-29 1977-11-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for the measurement of thermal properties of biomaterials

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 8, no. 12, 15 décembre 1973, pages 5860-5865; D.H. DAMON: "Thermal conductivity of vitreous silica at low temperatures" *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2198238B (en) * 1986-11-24 1990-08-22 British Gas Plc Method and apparatus for measuring a property of material
CN101221193B (zh) * 2007-09-30 2010-04-21 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 植物茎流流速测量方法及其装置
FR2968889A1 (fr) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-22 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif de visualisation de la consommation d'eau d'un arbre et procede d'estimation de la consommation d'eau.
CN102805011A (zh) * 2012-08-07 2012-12-05 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 一种用于矫正树干木质部液流测定的装置
CN102805011B (zh) * 2012-08-07 2013-11-13 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 一种用于矫正树干木质部液流测定的装置
CN109254031A (zh) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-22 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 一种林木树干正向及反向液流密度测算装置及方法
CN109254031B (zh) * 2018-09-05 2021-01-12 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 一种林木树干正向及反向液流密度测算装置及方法
CN110568020A (zh) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-13 安徽农业大学 植物液流监测装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4745805A (en) 1988-05-24
FR2582811B1 (fr) 1987-08-28
EP0203871A3 (de) 1990-04-25
FR2582811A1 (fr) 1986-12-05

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