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EP0245582A1 - Heat exchanger for gases under elevated pressure - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for gases under elevated pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0245582A1
EP0245582A1 EP87100959A EP87100959A EP0245582A1 EP 0245582 A1 EP0245582 A1 EP 0245582A1 EP 87100959 A EP87100959 A EP 87100959A EP 87100959 A EP87100959 A EP 87100959A EP 0245582 A1 EP0245582 A1 EP 0245582A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
pressure vessel
cables
exchanger according
trains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87100959A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0245582B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Köhnen
Hans Ing. Grad. Niermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krupp Koppers GmbH
Original Assignee
Krupp Koppers GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Koppers GmbH filed Critical Krupp Koppers GmbH
Publication of EP0245582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0245582A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0245582B1 publication Critical patent/EP0245582B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F28D7/1661—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/40—Shell enclosed conduit assembly
    • Y10S165/401—Shell enclosed conduit assembly including tube support or shell-side flow director
    • Y10S165/404—Serially connected separate shells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases under increased pressure, in particular those produced during the gasification of fuels, in which heat exchanger trains through which the gas flows successively are arranged.
  • Such a heat exchanger is known from DE-PS 29 33 716.
  • the heat exchanger trains are formed from concentrically arranged tube walls, which are preceded by the gasification device, and wherein the heat exchanger trains and gasification device are accommodated in a common pressure vessel.
  • a disadvantage of this known arrangement is that if the heat exchanger cables are damaged, they are difficult to access and repairs can essentially only be carried out within the pressure vessel. In addition to the difficulties for the personnel commissioned with the repair work, the entire system is shut down for a longer period of time in the event of a repair.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing the generic heat exchanger in such a way that rapid and unproblematic repair is possible in the event of damage, and moreover to accommodate a maximum of heat exchanger surfaces in a confined space.
  • the heat exchanger trains are designed as essentially identical structural units, with rising and falling or vice versa heat exchanger trains being connected to one another by deflecting structures and each heat exchanger train being detachable and separately removable from the pressure vessel.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can have two or more heat exchanger trains, which can be arranged in the pressure vessel comparatively close to one another and thus be space-saving. If damage now occurs to a heat exchanger train, it can be separated from the heat exchanger train (s) connected to it and, after loosening the fastening in the pressure vessel, can be removed independently of the other heat exchanger trains. An intact heat exchanger cable can then be inserted into the pressure vessel and mounted in its working position immediately afterwards. The required downtime for this change of the heat exchanger trains only takes a short time, as can be easily seen.
  • the invention further provides that the upper part of the pressure vessel can be removed by means of a flange connection. It is also advantageous for this if the heat exchanger cables are suspended in the pressure vessel according to a further feature of the invention and stretch downwards, ie fixed bearings are provided in the upper part of the pressure vessel.
  • the deflecting construction connecting two adjacent heat exchanger cables is designed as a detachable hood in a tubular construction.
  • gas inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger cables passing through the pressure vessel are designed as separate heat exchanger systems in tubular construction, which are connected to the heat exchanger cables via a sealing device which permits relative movement.
  • a dust separator arranged outside the pressure vessel can be interposed between rising and falling or vice versa.
  • 1, 1 denotes the pressure vessel, the upper part 2 of which can be detached and removed by means of the flange connection 3.
  • 4 is a manhole at the top of the pressure vessel.
  • heat exchanger cables I and II are arranged within the pressure vessel 1 and are constructed as essentially identical structural units.
  • Each of these heat exchanger cables has a tube wall 5 - in the present case in a square shape - in the interior of which tube bundles 6 are arranged.
  • tube bundles 6 are arranged.
  • 7 a sootblower system is indicated, with 8 and 9 downpipes and risers.
  • the heat exchanger cables I and II are suspended from fixed bearings 10 in the pressure vessel 1 and can thus expand downwards where guide bearings 11 are provided.
  • a hood 12 connecting these cables is arranged, which is also designed as a tubular construction with a water supply line indicated at 13.
  • the heat exchanger train I is rising, the heat exchanger train II falling from the hot gases, with a deflection of the gas flow taking place in the hood 12.
  • the sockets take pipe constructions 16 and 17 with supply and discharge lines 18, 19 in the area of the flange connections 2o and 21.
  • the pipe structures 16 and 17 through which the gases flow are inserted into the pipe walls 5 of the two heat exchanger cables in such a way that one is heated relative movement is possible.
  • the stuffing packs indicated with 22 ensure an effective seal at the connection point.
  • the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel must first be removed after loosening the flange connection 3. Then the hood 12 is released from the associated heat exchanger cables and removed upward from the pressure vessel. After loosening the defective heat exchanger cable from the fixed bearings 1o and after separating the downpipes and risers 8 and 9 and the supply line of the sootblower system 7, the heat exchanger cable can now be pulled out of the pressure vessel. Then an intact heat exchanger cable can then be inserted into the pressure vessel, the work steps described above being carried out in the same order.
  • the tube bundles 6 of a heat exchanger train have a defect, they can be pulled out of the square tube wall 5 after removing part 2 of the pressure vessel and hood 12. In this case, the tube wall 5 remains in its position in the pressure vessel 1.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger cables I and II in the pressure vessel 1 is the same as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the gas flow is different.
  • the nozzle 14 and 15 for the gas inlet and outlet at the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel 1 are attached arranges, so that first the heat exchanger train II is falling and after deflection of the gases at the lower end then the heat exchanger train I is acted on in an increasing manner.
  • a funnel 23 formed from a tubular structure is attached to the lower ends of the heat exchanger cables, which has an enlarged flow cross section and which serves to collect the dust separated from the gas stream during the deflection and the speed reduction of the gas.
  • the outlet 24 of the funnel which is subdivided to compensate for thermal expansions, is led out of the pressure vessel through the nozzle 25 at the bottom.
  • the lower part 33 of the pressure vessel 1 can be removed by means of the flange connection 34.
  • the heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 shows essentially the same structure as that according to FIG. 1.
  • an additional gas inlet and outlet is arranged in the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel 1.
  • connecting pieces 26 and 27 are provided, to which supply and discharge lines 28, 29 to and from a dust separator 3o arranged outside the pressure vessel are attached.
  • the gas flow in the lines 28, 29 takes place here by means of pipe constructions 31 and 32 inserted therein.
  • the interposition of the dust separator 3o which can be designed as a cyclone, has the advantage that the dust is no longer passed through the heat exchanger train II.
  • the flying dust is at a comparatively high temperature level, which has an advantageous effect when the flying dust is returned to the reaction space of a gasification system connected to the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section through the heat exchanger according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1-3, in which the heat exchanger cables I and II are arranged in the pressure vessel 1.
  • heat exchanger cables I, II, III and IV are provided in the pressure vessel 1. It is possible to let the gas flow pass through the four heat exchanger trains one after the other. However, it is also possible to form two pairs of heat exchanger trains, namely the pair I and II and the pair III and IV, which are acted upon independently of one another and by separate gas streams.
  • FIG. 5 makes it particularly clear how the heat exchanger according to the invention is designed to save space and to take advantage of the interior of the pressure vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Wärmetauscher für unter erhöhtem Druck stehende Gase. Bei diesem sind in einem Druckgefäß (1) vom Gas nacheinander durchströmte Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II) angeordnet. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, daß die Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II) als im wesentlichen gleichartig gestaltete Baueinheiten ausgebildet sind, wobei steigend und fallend oder umgekehrt beaufschlagte Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II) durch Umlenkkonstruktionen (12, 23) miteinander verbunden sind und jeder Wärmetauscherzug (I bzw. II) lösbar und separat aus dem Druckgefäß (1) herausnehmbar ist.Heat exchanger for gases under increased pressure. In this, heat exchanger trains (I, II) through which the gas flows are arranged in a pressure vessel (1). It is provided that the heat exchanger cables (I, II) are designed as essentially identical structural units, with rising and falling or vice versa heat exchanger cables (I, II) connected to one another by deflecting structures (12, 23) and each heat exchanger cable (I or II) can be detached and removed separately from the pressure vessel (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher für unter er­höhtem Druck stehende, insbesondere bei der Vergasung von Brennstoffen erzeugte Gase, bei dem in einem Druckgefäß vom Gas nacheinander durchströmte Wärmetauscherzüge an­geordnet sind.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases under increased pressure, in particular those produced during the gasification of fuels, in which heat exchanger trains through which the gas flows successively are arranged.

Ein solcher Wärmetauscher ist bekannt aus der DE-PS 29 33 716. Hierbei sind die Wärmetauscherzüge aus konzentrisch ineinander angeordneten Rohrwänden gebildet, denen die Vergasungseinrichtung vorgeschaltet ist und wobei Wärmetauscherzüge und Vergasungseinrichtung in einem gemeinsamen Druckgefäß untergebracht sind. Nachteilig an dieser bekannten Anordnung ist, daß bei Schäden an den Wärmetauscherzügen diese nur schwer zugänglich sind und Reparaturen im wesentlichen nur innerhalb des Druckge­fäßes durchgeführt werden können. Dies bedingt neben den Erschwernissen für das mit den Ausbesserungsarbeiten be­auftragte Personal im Reparaturfall einen längeren Still­stand der Gesamtanlage.Such a heat exchanger is known from DE-PS 29 33 716. Here, the heat exchanger trains are formed from concentrically arranged tube walls, which are preceded by the gasification device, and wherein the heat exchanger trains and gasification device are accommodated in a common pressure vessel. A disadvantage of this known arrangement is that if the heat exchanger cables are damaged, they are difficult to access and repairs can essentially only be carried out within the pressure vessel. In addition to the difficulties for the personnel commissioned with the repair work, the entire system is shut down for a longer period of time in the event of a repair.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gat­tungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher so auszubilden, daß bei auf­tretenden Schäden eine schnelle und unproblematische In­standsetzung möglich ist, und darüber hinaus auf engstem Raum ein Maximum an Wärmetauscherflächen unterzubringen.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing the generic heat exchanger in such a way that rapid and unproblematic repair is possible in the event of damage, and moreover to accommodate a maximum of heat exchanger surfaces in a confined space.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindugsgemäß vorgeschla­gen, daß die Wärmetauscherzüge als im wesentlichen gleich­artig gestaltete Baueinheiten ausgebildet sind, wobei steigend und fallend oder umgekehrt beaufschlagte Wärme­tauscherzüge durch Umlenkkonstruktionen miteinander ver­bunden sind und jeder Wärmetauscherzug lösbar und separat aus dem Druckgefäß herausnehmbar ist.To solve this problem, it is proposed according to the invention that the heat exchanger trains are designed as essentially identical structural units, with rising and falling or vice versa heat exchanger trains being connected to one another by deflecting structures and each heat exchanger train being detachable and separately removable from the pressure vessel.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher kann zwei oder mehr Wärmetauscherzüge aufweisen, die in dem Druckgefäß ver­gleichsweise eng aneinander liegend und damit raumsparend angeordnet werden können. Wenn nun an einem Wärmetauscher­zug Schäden auftreten, so kann dieser von dem bzw. den mit ihm verbundenen Wärmetauscherzügen getrennt und nach Lö­sen der Befestigung im Druckgefäß unabhängig von den an­deren Wärmetauscherzügen entfernt werden. Sodann kann un­mittelbar darauf ein intakter Wärmetauscherzug in das Druckgefäß eingebracht und in seine Arbeitsstellung mon­tiert werden. Der erforderliche Betriebsstillstand für diesen Wechsel der Wärmetauscherzüge dauert, wie ohne weiteres ersichtlich, nur kurze Zeit.The heat exchanger according to the invention can have two or more heat exchanger trains, which can be arranged in the pressure vessel comparatively close to one another and thus be space-saving. If damage now occurs to a heat exchanger train, it can be separated from the heat exchanger train (s) connected to it and, after loosening the fastening in the pressure vessel, can be removed independently of the other heat exchanger trains. An intact heat exchanger cable can then be inserted into the pressure vessel and mounted in its working position immediately afterwards. The required downtime for this change of the heat exchanger trains only takes a short time, as can be easily seen.

Für eine einfache Durchführung des Wechsels von Wärme­tauscherzügen sieht die Erfindung weiter vor, daß der obere Teil des Druckgefäßes mittels einer Flanschverbin­dung abnehmbar ist. Es ist hierzu ferner von Vorteil, wenn die Wärmetauscherzüge gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung im Druckgefäß aufgehängt sind und sich nach unten dehnen, d.h. im oberen Teil des Druckgefäßes Fest­lager vorgesehen sind.For a simple implementation of the exchange of heat exchanger cables, the invention further provides that the upper part of the pressure vessel can be removed by means of a flange connection. It is also advantageous for this if the heat exchanger cables are suspended in the pressure vessel according to a further feature of the invention and stretch downwards, ie fixed bearings are provided in the upper part of the pressure vessel.

Es wird ferner vorgeschlagen, daß die zwei benachbarte Wärmetauscherzüge verbindende Umlenkkonstruktion als lös­bare Haube in Rohrkonstruktion ausgebildet ist.It is further proposed that the deflecting construction connecting two adjacent heat exchanger cables is designed as a detachable hood in a tubular construction.

Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die das Druckgefäß durchsetzenden Gasein- und -austritte der Wärmetauscherzüge als separate Wärmetauschersysteme in Rohrkonstruktion ausgebildet sind, die mit den Wärmetau­scherzügen über eine Relativbewegung zulassende Abdicht­vorrichtung verbunden sind.Another feature of the invention is that the gas inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger cables passing through the pressure vessel are designed as separate heat exchanger systems in tubular construction, which are connected to the heat exchanger cables via a sealing device which permits relative movement.

Es ist weiterhin möglich, im Bereich der unteren Verbin­dung zweier Wärmetauscherzüge, von denen der erste fal­lend und der zweite steigend vom Gas beaufschlagt sind, einen aus dem Druckgefäß herausführenden Abzug für den bei der Umlenkung des Gases hieraus abgeschiedenen Staub vorzusehen.It is also possible to provide in the area of the lower connection of two heat exchanger trains, the first of which is falling and the second rising of which the gas is applied, a discharge leading out of the pressure vessel for the dust which is separated therefrom when the gas is deflected.

Schließlich kann zwischen steigend und fallend oder umge­kehrt beaufschlagten Wärmetauscherzügen ein außerhalb des Druckgefäßes angeordneter Staubabscheider zwischenge­schaltet sein.Finally, a dust separator arranged outside the pressure vessel can be interposed between rising and falling or vice versa.

Die Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen beispielsweise ver­anschaulicht.
Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 - 3 senkrechte Schnitte durch drei Ausführungs­formen des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers und
  • Fig. 4 - 5 waagerechte Schnitte durch zwei Ausführungs­formen.
The invention is illustrated in the drawings, for example.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1-3 vertical sections through three embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention and
  • Fig. 4 - 5 horizontal sections through two embodiments.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist mit 1 das Druckgefäß bezeichnet, des­sen oberer Teil 2 mittels der Flanschverbindung 3 lös­bar und abnehmbar ist. 4 ist ein Mannloch am oberen Teil des Druckgefäßes.1, 1 denotes the pressure vessel, the upper part 2 of which can be detached and removed by means of the flange connection 3. 4 is a manhole at the top of the pressure vessel.

Innerhalb des Druckgefäßes 1 sind im vorliegenden Fall zwei Wärmetauscherzüge I und II angeordnet, die als im wesentlichen gleichartige Baueinheiten ausgebildet sind. Jeder dieser Wärmetauscherzuge weist eine Rohrwand 5 - ­im vorliegenden Fall in quadratischer Form - auf, in de­ren Innerem Rohrbündel 6 angeordnet sind. Mit 7 ist ein Rußbläsersystem angedeutet, mit 8 und 9 Fall- und Steigeleitungen.In the present case, two heat exchanger cables I and II are arranged within the pressure vessel 1 and are constructed as essentially identical structural units. Each of these heat exchanger cables has a tube wall 5 - in the present case in a square shape - in the interior of which tube bundles 6 are arranged. With 7 a sootblower system is indicated, with 8 and 9 downpipes and risers.

Die Wärmetauscherzüge I und II sind an Festlagern 1o im Druckgefäß 1 aufgehängt und können sich so nach un­ten ausdehnen, wo Führungslager 11 vorgesehen sind. Am oberen Ende der beiden Wärmetauscherzüge ist eine diese Züge verbindende Haube 12 angeordnet, die eben­falls als Rohrkonstruktion mit bei 13 angedeuteter Wasserzuleitung ausgebildet ist.The heat exchanger cables I and II are suspended from fixed bearings 10 in the pressure vessel 1 and can thus expand downwards where guide bearings 11 are provided. At the upper end of the two heat exchanger cables, a hood 12 connecting these cables is arranged, which is also designed as a tubular construction with a water supply line indicated at 13.

Der Wärmetauscherzug I wird steigend, der Wärmetauscher­zug II fallend von den heißen Gasen beaufschlagt, wobei in der Haube 12 eine Umlenkung der Gasströmung erfolgt. Für den Gasein- und -austritt sind am unteren Ende des Druckgefäßes 1 Stutzen 14 und 15 angesetzt. Die Stutzen nehmen Rohrkonstruktionen 16 bzw. 17 mit Zu- und Ablei­tungen 18, 19 im Bereich der Flanschverbindungen 2o bzw. 21 auf. Die von den Gasen durchströmten Rohrkonstrukti­onen 16 und 17 sind in die Rohrwände 5 der beiden Wärme­tauscherzüge derart eingesteckt, daß eine durch Wärme­ dehnung bedingte Relativbewegung möglich ist. Für eine wirksame Abdichtung an der Verbindungsstelle sorgen die mit 22 angedeuteten Stopfpackungen.The heat exchanger train I is rising, the heat exchanger train II falling from the hot gases, with a deflection of the gas flow taking place in the hood 12. For the gas inlet and outlet 1 nozzle 14 and 15 are attached to the lower end of the pressure vessel. The sockets take pipe constructions 16 and 17 with supply and discharge lines 18, 19 in the area of the flange connections 2o and 21. The pipe structures 16 and 17 through which the gases flow are inserted into the pipe walls 5 of the two heat exchanger cables in such a way that one is heated relative movement is possible. The stuffing packs indicated with 22 ensure an effective seal at the connection point.

Soll ein Wärmetauscherzug bei einem Defekt aus dem Druck­gefäß 1 herausgeholt werden, so ist zunächst der obere Teil 2 des Druckgefäßes nach Lösen der Flanschverbin­dung 3 abzunehmen. Alsdann wird die Haube 12 von den zu­gehörigen Wärmetauscherzügen gelöst und nach oben aus dem Druckgefäß entfernt. Nach Lösen des defekten Wärme­tauscherzuges von den Festlagern 1o und nach Abtrennen der Fall- und Steigleitungen 8 und 9 sowie der Zuleitung des Rußbläsersystems 7 kann nun der Wärmetauscherzug nach oben aus dem Druckgefäß herausgezogen werden. Anschließend kann dann ein intakter Wärmetauscherzug in das Druckgefäß eingesetzt werden, wobei die vorstehend beschriebenen Ar­beitsschritte in sinngemäßer Reihenfolge erfolgen.If a heat exchanger cable is to be removed from the pressure vessel 1 in the event of a defect, the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel must first be removed after loosening the flange connection 3. Then the hood 12 is released from the associated heat exchanger cables and removed upward from the pressure vessel. After loosening the defective heat exchanger cable from the fixed bearings 1o and after separating the downpipes and risers 8 and 9 and the supply line of the sootblower system 7, the heat exchanger cable can now be pulled out of the pressure vessel. Then an intact heat exchanger cable can then be inserted into the pressure vessel, the work steps described above being carried out in the same order.

Falls die Rohrbündel 6 eines Wärmetauscherzuges einen Defekt aufweisen, können sie nach Entfernen von Teil 2 des Druckgefäßes und Haube 12 direkt aus der quadrati­schen Rohrwand 5 herausgezogen werden. Die Rohrwand 5 verbleibt in diesem Falle in ihrer Position im Druckge­fäß 1.If the tube bundles 6 of a heat exchanger train have a defect, they can be pulled out of the square tube wall 5 after removing part 2 of the pressure vessel and hood 12. In this case, the tube wall 5 remains in its position in the pressure vessel 1.

Bei der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetau­schers gemäß Fig. 2 ist die Anordnung der Wärmetauscher­züge I und II im Druckgefäß 1 die gleiche wie anhand von Fig. 1 beschrieben. Unterschiedlich ist jedoch die Gas­führung. So sind die Stutzen 14 und 15 für den Gasein- ­und -austritt am oberen Teil 2 des Druckgefäßes 1 ange­ ordnet, so daß zunächst der Wärmetauscherzug II fallend und nach Umlenkung der Gase am unteren Ende dann der Wär­metauscherzug I steigend beaufschlagt wird. Hierbei ist an die unteren Enden der Wärmetauscherzüge ein aus Rohrkon­struktion gebildeter Trichter 23 angesetzt, der einen ver­größerten Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist und der zum Auf­fangen des bei der Umlenkung und der Geschwindigkeitsver­ringerung des Gases aus dem Gasstrom abgeschiedenen Stau­bes dient. Der Auslauf 24 des Trichters, der zum Ausgleich von Wärmedehnungen unterteilt ist, wird durch den Stutzen 25 unten aus dem Druckgefäß herausgeführt. Zur Demontage des Trichters 23 ist der untere Teil 33 des Druckgefäßes 1 mittels der Flanschverbindung 34 abnehmbar.In the embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention shown in FIG. 2, the arrangement of the heat exchanger cables I and II in the pressure vessel 1 is the same as described with reference to FIG. 1. However, the gas flow is different. So the nozzle 14 and 15 for the gas inlet and outlet at the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel 1 are attached arranges, so that first the heat exchanger train II is falling and after deflection of the gases at the lower end then the heat exchanger train I is acted on in an increasing manner. Here, a funnel 23 formed from a tubular structure is attached to the lower ends of the heat exchanger cables, which has an enlarged flow cross section and which serves to collect the dust separated from the gas stream during the deflection and the speed reduction of the gas. The outlet 24 of the funnel, which is subdivided to compensate for thermal expansions, is led out of the pressure vessel through the nozzle 25 at the bottom. To dismantle the funnel 23, the lower part 33 of the pressure vessel 1 can be removed by means of the flange connection 34.

Der Wärmetauscher gemäß Fig. 3 zeigt im wesentlichen den­selben Aufbau wie der gemäß Fig. 1. Hierbei ist jedoch im oberen Teil 2 des Druckgefäßes 1 ein zusätzlicher Gasein- ­und -austritt angeordnet. Dazu sind Stutzen 26 und 27 vorgesehen, an die Zu- und Ableitungen 28, 29 zu bzw. von einem außerhalb des Druckgefäßes angeordneten Staub­abscheider 3o angesetzt sind. Die Gasführung in den Lei­tungen 28, 29 erfolgt hierbei durch darin eingesetzte Rohrkonstruktionen 31 und 32. Die Zwischenschaltung des Staubabscheiders 3o, der als Zyklon ausgebildet sein kann, hat den Vorteil, daß der Flugstaub nicht mehr durch den Wärmetauscherzug II geführt wird.The heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 shows essentially the same structure as that according to FIG. 1. Here, however, an additional gas inlet and outlet is arranged in the upper part 2 of the pressure vessel 1. For this purpose, connecting pieces 26 and 27 are provided, to which supply and discharge lines 28, 29 to and from a dust separator 3o arranged outside the pressure vessel are attached. The gas flow in the lines 28, 29 takes place here by means of pipe constructions 31 and 32 inserted therein. The interposition of the dust separator 3o, which can be designed as a cyclone, has the advantage that the dust is no longer passed through the heat exchanger train II.

Darüber hinaus befindet sich der Flugstaub auf einem ver­gleichsweise hohen Temperaturniveau, was sich bei einer Rückführung des Flugstaubes in den Reaktionsraum einer mit dem Wärmetauscher verbundenen Vergasungsanlage vor­teilhaft auswirkt.In addition, the flying dust is at a comparatively high temperature level, which has an advantageous effect when the flying dust is returned to the reaction space of a gasification system connected to the heat exchanger.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen waagerechten Schnitt durch den Wärme­tauscher gemäß den Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 1 - 3, bei dem in dem Druckgefäß 1 die Wärmetauscherzuge I und II angeordnet sind.FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section through the heat exchanger according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1-3, in which the heat exchanger cables I and II are arranged in the pressure vessel 1.

Bei der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 5 sind in dem Druckgefäß 1 vier Wärmetauscherzüge I, II, III und IV vorgesehen. Hier­bei ist es möglich, die vier Wärmetauscherzüge nacheinan­der von dem Gasstrom passieren zu lassen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, zwei Paare von Wärmetauscherzügen, nämlich das Paar I und II sowie das Paar III und IV zu bilden, die unabhängig voneinander und von getrennten Gasströmen beaufschlagt werden.5, four heat exchanger cables I, II, III and IV are provided in the pressure vessel 1. It is possible to let the gas flow pass through the four heat exchanger trains one after the other. However, it is also possible to form two pairs of heat exchanger trains, namely the pair I and II and the pair III and IV, which are acted upon independently of one another and by separate gas streams.

Die Anordnung nach Fig. 5 macht besonders deutlich, wie raumsparend und den Innenraum des Druckgefäßes in vor­teilhafter Weise ausnutzend der erfindungsgemäße Wärme­tauscher konzipiert ist.The arrangement according to FIG. 5 makes it particularly clear how the heat exchanger according to the invention is designed to save space and to take advantage of the interior of the pressure vessel.

Claims (9)

1. Wärmetauscher für unter erhöhtem Druck stehende, insbesondere bei der Vergasung von Brennstoffen erzeugte Gase, bei dem in einem Druckgefäß vom Gas nacheinander durchströmte Wärmetauscherzüge angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherzüge (z.B. I, II) als im wesentli­chen gleichartig gestaltete Baueinheiten ausgebil­det sind, wobei steigend und fallend oder umgekehrt beaufschlagte Wärmetauscherzüge durch Umlenkkon­struktionen miteinander verbunden sind und jeder Wärmetauscherzug lösbar und separat aus dem Druck­gefäß (1) herausnehmbar ist.1. Heat exchanger for gases under increased pressure, in particular those produced in the gasification of fuels, in which heat exchanger trains through which gas flows in succession are arranged, characterized in that the heat exchanger trains (for example I, II) are constructed as essentially identical structural units are, where rising and falling or vice versa acted upon heat exchanger cables are connected to each other by deflection structures and each heat exchanger cable is detachable and can be removed separately from the pressure vessel (1). 2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der obere Teil (2) des Druckgefäßes mittels einer Flanschverbindung (3) abnehmbar ist.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part (2) of the pressure vessel by means of a flange connection (3) is removable. 3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II) im Druckgefäß (1) aufgehängt sind und sich nach unten dehnen.3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger cables (I, II) in the pressure vessel (1) are suspended and expand downwards. 4. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Umlenkkonstruktion als lösbare Haube (12) in Rohrkonstruktion ausgebildet ist.4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting construction is designed as a detachable hood (12) in a tubular construction. 5. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die das Druckgefäß (1) durchsetzen­den Gasein- und -austritte der Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II) als separate Wärmetauschersysteme (16, 17) in Rohrkonstruktion ausgebildet sind, die mit den Wärmetauscherzügen über eine Relativbewegung zu­lassende Abdichtvorrichtungen (22) verbunden sind.5. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas inlet and outlet passing through the pressure vessel (1) of the heat exchanger cables (I, II) as separate heat exchanger systems (16, 17) are constructed in tubular construction, which are connected to the heat exchanger cables via a sealing device (22) which permits relative movement. 6. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß im Bereich der unteren Verbindung zweier Wärmetauscherzüge (I, II), von denen der erste fallend und der zweite steigend vom Gas be­aufschlagt sind, ein aus dem Druckgefäß (1) heraus­führender Abzug (23, 24, 25) für den bei der Um­lenkung des Gases hieraus abgeschiedenen Staub vor­gesehen ist.6. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that in the region of the lower connection of two heat exchanger trains (I, II), of which the first falling and the second rising are acted upon by the gas, a discharge (23) leading out of the pressure vessel (1). 24, 25) is provided for the dust separated therefrom when the gas is deflected. 7. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zur Demontage des die Wärmetauscher­züge (I, II) verbindenden Trichters (23) des Abzu­ges der untere Teil (33) des Druckgefäßes (1) mittels einer Flanschverbindung (34) abnehmbar ist.7. Heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that for dismantling the heat exchanger cables (I, II) connecting funnel (23) of the trigger the lower part (33) of the pressure vessel (1) by means of a flange connection (34) is removable. 8. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zwischen steigend und fallend oder umgekehrt beaufschlagten Wärmetauscherzügen (I, II) ein außerhalb des Druckgefäßes (1) angeordneter Staubabscheider (3o) zwischengeschaltet ist.8. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that between the rising and falling or vice versa heat exchanger cables (I, II) an outside of the pressure vessel (1) arranged dust separator (3o) is interposed. 9. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die einem Wärmetauscherzug (I bzw. II) zugeordneten Rohrbündel (6) bei Verbleib der Rohr­wand (5) im Druckgefäß (1) aus der Rohrwand heraus­nehmbar sind.9. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger train (I or II) associated tube bundle (6) while the tube wall (5) in the pressure vessel (1) can be removed from the tube wall.
EP87100959A 1986-05-10 1987-01-23 Heat exchanger for gases under elevated pressure Expired - Lifetime EP0245582B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19863615877 DE3615877A1 (en) 1986-05-10 1986-05-10 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR INCREASED PRESSURE GASES
DE3615877 1986-05-10

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EP0245582A1 true EP0245582A1 (en) 1987-11-19
EP0245582B1 EP0245582B1 (en) 1990-01-03

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US (1) US4807698A (en)
EP (1) EP0245582B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3615877A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2012461B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3000328T3 (en)
TR (1) TR23654A (en)
ZA (1) ZA87835B (en)

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JPH10206067A (en) * 1997-01-27 1998-08-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd Supporting structure for heat-exchanger
CA2902369C (en) * 2013-02-26 2018-11-06 T5 Technologies, Inc. Method and system for the in-situ removal of carbonaceous deposits from heat exchanger tube bundles
US9134064B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2015-09-15 Aggreko, Llc Process vessel cooldown apparatus and method

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WO2009070129A3 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-07-16 Evrovartrade D O O Combined condensing heat exchanger

Also Published As

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ZA87835B (en) 1987-07-30
ES2012461B3 (en) 1990-04-01
DE3761339D1 (en) 1990-02-08
GR3000328T3 (en) 1991-06-07
US4807698A (en) 1989-02-28
TR23654A (en) 1990-05-29
EP0245582B1 (en) 1990-01-03
DE3615877A1 (en) 1987-11-12

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