Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

EP0242590A1 - Gas-discharge surge arrester - Google Patents

Gas-discharge surge arrester Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0242590A1
EP0242590A1 EP87104006A EP87104006A EP0242590A1 EP 0242590 A1 EP0242590 A1 EP 0242590A1 EP 87104006 A EP87104006 A EP 87104006A EP 87104006 A EP87104006 A EP 87104006A EP 0242590 A1 EP0242590 A1 EP 0242590A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
electrodes
component
aluminum
gas discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87104006A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0242590B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Boy
Ernst-Ludwig Dr. Rer. Nat. Hoene
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0242590A1 publication Critical patent/EP0242590A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0242590B1 publication Critical patent/EP0242590B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas discharge surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a surge arrester is known from DE-PS 26 19 866.
  • a surge arrester with an activation layer made of barium aluminum is assumed and, in order to stabilize the response voltage under high-current loads and to increase the service life while maintaining the same electrical properties, it is proposed that metallic titanium be introduced into the activator layer.
  • the object on which the present invention is based is to improve the service life and the surge current carrying capacity of a surge arrester with the same other electrical properties.
  • the layer according to the invention adheres very firmly to the electrode on the one hand and holds in itself on the other securely together, since barium aluminum alloys with the melted aluminum and possibly with metal additives from the group Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr or Zr in the edge area, so that a very firm connection is made.
  • a surge arrester according to the invention particularly advantageously has electrodes which consist of copper at least in the region of the electrode surface and is soldered at the soldering points between the insulating material housing and the electrodes by means of a copper-silver eutectic solder. This results in an embodiment in which an alloy zone is formed between the activator layer and the electrode surface, so that the adhesion is ensured particularly permanently.
  • FIG. 1 shows a surge arrester according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • Electrodes 1 and 2 protrude into a ceramic housing 11. They form narrow gaps 3 with the ceramic housing 11, the low-vaporization rear spaces 4 and 5 contain ignition lines 13 extending from the discharge gap 6 into the gaps 3 and 2 to the low-vaporization rear spaces 4 and 5.
  • the electrodes 1 and 2 are soldered to the ceramic housing 11 in a vacuum-tight manner in solder joints 10 and 12.
  • a copper-silver eutectic solder is preferably used as the solder.
  • the electrode surfaces 8 and 9 of the electrodes 1 and 2 are covered with activator layers 7.
  • the activator layers 7 consist of metallic aluminum, which is melted onto the electrode, and particles of barium aluminum and any additives from the group Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr, Zr embedded therein.
  • Barium aluminum is an alloy that melts at around 1150 ° C, which at most dissolves only slightly in aluminum at temperatures up to around 900 ° C, but cannot melt together with the surrounding aluminum.
  • the metallic additives serve to minimize the amount of aluminum by acting as a filling material and at the same time reducing the aluminum vapor pressure during the discharge through the formation of alloys. These additives also advantageously have getter properties, such as Mo, Cr, Zr.
  • a method for producing such a surge arrester can advantageously be used, in which the components of the activator layer are mixed in powder form and applied to the electrodes, in that the electrodes are then inserted into the insulating material housing and soldered in a temperature range of approximately 700 to 900 ° C.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)

Abstract

Bei Überspannungsableitern für hohe Stoßstromwerte wird eine Erhöhung der Lebensdauer bei gleichbleibenden elektrischen Eigenschaften und eine Verkleinerung der Fertigungsstreuungen erreicht, indem als Aktivierungsschicht (7) auf die Elektro­den (1, 2) eine Aluminiumschicht aufgebracht ist, in die BaAl-Partikel eingelagert und evtl. weitere metallische Zu­sätze eingelagert oder einlegiert sind.With surge arresters for high surge current values, the service life is increased while the electrical properties remain the same and the manufacturing spread is reduced by applying an aluminum layer as an activation layer (7) to the electrodes (1, 2), in which BaAl particles are embedded, and possibly others metallic additives are stored or alloyed.

Die Erfindung eignet sich für Überspannungsableiter für hohe Stromstöße.

Figure imgaf001
The invention is suitable for surge arresters for high current surges.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Gasentladungsüber­spannungsableiter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter ist aus der DE-PS 26 19 866 bekannt. Dort wird von einem Überspannungsableiter mit einer Aktivierungsschicht aus Bariumaluminium ausgegan­gen und zur Stabilisierung der Ansprechspannung bei strom­starken Belastungen und zur Erhöhung der Lebensdauer bei gleichbleibenden elektrischen Eigenschaften vorgeschlagen, daß metallisches Titan in die Aktivatorschicht eingebracht ist.The present invention relates to a gas discharge surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a surge arrester is known from DE-PS 26 19 866. There, a surge arrester with an activation layer made of barium aluminum is assumed and, in order to stabilize the response voltage under high-current loads and to increase the service life while maintaining the same electrical properties, it is proposed that metallic titanium be introduced into the activator layer.

Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß bei einer hohen Zahl von Schaltvorgängen und bei hoher Stoßstrombelastung eine Änderung der Ansprechspannung eintritt.However, it has been found that the response voltage changes with a high number of switching operations and with a high surge current load.

Die Aufgabe, die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegt, besteht in einer Verbesserung der Lebensdauer und der Stoß­strom-Tragfähigkeit eines Überspannungsableiters bei gleich­bleibenden sonstigen elektrischen Eigenschaften.The object on which the present invention is based is to improve the service life and the surge current carrying capacity of a surge arrester with the same other electrical properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Überspannungsableiter gemäß dem Oberbegriff durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des An­spruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a surge arrester according to the preamble by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Es hat sich nämlich herausgestellt, daß unter einer starken und häufigen Strombelastung beim Stand der Technik einzelne Teilchen aus der Aktivierungsschicht herausgelöst werden und daß dadurch die elektrischen Eigenschaften des Ableiters verändert werden.It has been found that under the strong and frequent current load in the prior art, individual particles are detached from the activation layer and that this changes the electrical properties of the arrester.

Die Erfindungsgemäße Schicht haftet dementgegen einerseits sehr fest an der Elektrode und hält andererseits in sich sicher zusammen, da daß Bariumaluminium mit dem aufgeschmol­zenen Aluminium und ggf.mit Metallzusätzen aus der Gruppe Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr oder Zr im Randbereich zusammenlegiert, also eine sehr feste Verbindung eingeht.The layer according to the invention, on the other hand, adheres very firmly to the electrode on the one hand and holds in itself on the other securely together, since barium aluminum alloys with the melted aluminum and possibly with metal additives from the group Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr or Zr in the edge area, so that a very firm connection is made.

Der Anteil der zweiten Komponente, nämlich des aufgeschmol­zenen Aluminiums, liegt vorteilhaft zwischen 10 und 40 Gew%. In diesem Bereich ist ein guter Zusammenhalt der Schicht gewährleistet und der bei hohen Aluminiumkonzentrationen auftretende Effekt, daß Aluminium beim Schmelzen sich zu kleinen Kügelchen zusammenzieht und damit die Elektroden­oberfläche in unerwünschter Weise aufrauht und die Anspre­chspannung heruntersetzt, vermieden. Besonders vorteilhaft weist ein erfindungsgemäßer Überspannungsableiter Elektroden auf, die zumindest im Bereich der Elektrodenfläche aus Kupfer bestehen und ist an den Lötstellen zwischen dem Isolierstoff­gehäuse und den Elektroden mittels eines Kupfer-Silber-Eutek­tikumlotes verlötet. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Ausführungs­form, in der zwischen der Aktivatorschicht und der Elektro­denfläche eine Legierungszone entsteht, so daß die Haftung besonders dauerhaft gewährleistet ist.The proportion of the second component, namely the molten aluminum, is advantageously between 10 and 40% by weight. In this area, good cohesion of the layer is ensured and the effect that occurs at high aluminum concentrations, that aluminum contracts into small spheres when melting and thus roughenes the electrode surface in an undesirable manner and reduces the response voltage, is avoided. A surge arrester according to the invention particularly advantageously has electrodes which consist of copper at least in the region of the electrode surface and is soldered at the soldering points between the insulating material housing and the electrodes by means of a copper-silver eutectic solder. This results in an embodiment in which an alloy zone is formed between the activator layer and the electrode surface, so that the adhesion is ensured particularly permanently.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand einer Figur näher erläutert. Sie ist nicht auf das in der Figur gezeigte Beispiel be­schränkt. Die Figur zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Über­spannungsableiter in geschnittener Ansicht.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a figure. It is not limited to the example shown in the figure. The figure shows a surge arrester according to the invention in a sectional view.

Zwei Elektroden 1 und 2 ragen in ein Keramikgehäuse 11 hinein. Sie bilden mit dem Keramikgehäuse 11 schmale Spal­te 3, die bedampfungsarme Hinterräume 4 und 5 beinhalten Zündstriche 13 reichen vom Entladungsspalt 6 in die Spalte 3 und 2 bis in die bedampfungsarmen Hinterräume 4 und 5 hin­ein. Die Elektroden 1 und 2 sind in Lötstellen 10 und 12 mit dem Keramikgehäuse 11 vakuumdicht verlötet. Als Lot dient vorzugsweise ein Kupfer-Silber-Eutektikumlot.Two electrodes 1 and 2 protrude into a ceramic housing 11. They form narrow gaps 3 with the ceramic housing 11, the low-vaporization rear spaces 4 and 5 contain ignition lines 13 extending from the discharge gap 6 into the gaps 3 and 2 to the low-vaporization rear spaces 4 and 5. The electrodes 1 and 2 are soldered to the ceramic housing 11 in a vacuum-tight manner in solder joints 10 and 12. A copper-silver eutectic solder is preferably used as the solder.

Die Elektrodenflächen 8 und 9 der Elektroden 1 und 2 sind mit Aktivatorschichten 7 bedeckt. Die Aktivatorschichten 7 bestehen aus metallischem Aluminium, welches auf die Elek­trode aufgeschmolzen ist, und darin eingelagerten Teilchen aus Bariumaluminium und ggf. Zusätzen aus der Gruppe Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr, Zr. Bariumaluminium ist eine bei etwa 1150°C schmelzende Legierung, die sich zumindest bei Temperaturen bis etwa 900°C in Aluminium allenfalls geringfügig löst, nicht aber mit dem umgebenden Aluminium zusammenschmelzen kann. Die metallischen Zusätze dienen zur Minimierung der Aluminiummenge, indem sie gleichsam als Füllmaterial wirken und gleichzeitig durch Legierungsbildung den Aluminiumdampf­druck während der Entladung herabsetzen. Vorteilhaft weisen diese Zusätze noch Gettereigenschaften auf, wie z.B. Mo, Cr, Zr.The electrode surfaces 8 and 9 of the electrodes 1 and 2 are covered with activator layers 7. The activator layers 7 consist of metallic aluminum, which is melted onto the electrode, and particles of barium aluminum and any additives from the group Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr, Zr embedded therein. Barium aluminum is an alloy that melts at around 1150 ° C, which at most dissolves only slightly in aluminum at temperatures up to around 900 ° C, but cannot melt together with the surrounding aluminum. The metallic additives serve to minimize the amount of aluminum by acting as a filling material and at the same time reducing the aluminum vapor pressure during the discharge through the formation of alloys. These additives also advantageously have getter properties, such as Mo, Cr, Zr.

Dadurch ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Überspannungsableiters vorteilhaft einsetzbar, bei dem die Komponenten der Aktivatorschicht in Pulverform gemischt und auf die Elektroden aufgetragen werden, indem dann die Elek­troden in das Isolierstoffgehäuse eingesetzt und in einem Temperaturbereich von etwa 700 bis 900°C eingelötet werden.As a result, a method for producing such a surge arrester can advantageously be used, in which the components of the activator layer are mixed in powder form and applied to the electrodes, in that the electrodes are then inserted into the insulating material housing and soldered in a temperature range of approximately 700 to 900 ° C.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001

Claims (4)

1. Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter, welcher in ein Iso­lierstoffgehäuse eingelötete, einander gegenüberliegende Elektroden enthält, die einen Entladungsspalt bilden und an ihren den Entladungsspalt begrenzenden Elektrodenflächen mit einer metallischen Aktivierungsmasse beschichtet sind, wobei die Atktivierungsmasse metallisches Bariumaluminium als eine erste Komponente enthält, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Aktivierungsmasse zumindest eine zweite Komponente aus Aluminium enthält, daß die zweite Komponente auf die Elektrodenflächen aufgeschmolzen ist und daß die erste und ggf. weitere Komponenten in die zweite Komponente eingeschmolzen sind.1. Gas discharge surge arrester, which contains electrodes soldered into an insulating housing and lying opposite one another, which form a discharge gap and are coated on their electrode surfaces delimiting the discharge gap with a metallic activating mass, the activating mass containing metallic barium aluminum as a first component, characterized in that the activating mass contains at least one second component made of aluminum, that the second component is melted onto the electrode surfaces and that the first and possibly further components are melted into the second component. 2. Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil der zweiten Komponente zwischen 10 und 40Gew% liegt.2. Gas discharge surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of the second component is between 10 and 40% by weight. 3. Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter nach einem der An­sprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß als weitere Komponenten metallishe Zusätze aus einem oder mehreren Stoffen der Gruppen Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr, Zr dienen und insgesamt nicht mehr als 40Gew% der Ak­tivierungsmasse betragen.3. Gas discharge surge arrester according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that metal additives from one or more substances of the groups Ni, Mo, Cu, Ag, Cr, Zr are used as further components and in total do not amount to more than 40% by weight of the activation mass. 4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gasentladungsüberspan­nungsableiters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Komponenten der Aktivierungsmasse in Pulverform gemischt und auf die Elektroden aufgetragen werden und daß dann die Elektroden in das Isolierstoffgehäuse eingesetzt und bei etwa 700°C bis maximal 900°C eingelötet werden.4. A method for producing a gas discharge surge arrester according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two components of the activation composition are mixed in powder form and applied to the electrodes and that the electrodes are then inserted into the insulating material housing and at about 700 ° C to a maximum 900 ° C are soldered.
EP87104006A 1986-04-22 1987-03-18 Gas-discharge surge arrester Expired EP0242590B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3613582 1986-04-22
DE3613582 1986-04-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0242590A1 true EP0242590A1 (en) 1987-10-28
EP0242590B1 EP0242590B1 (en) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=6299253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87104006A Expired EP0242590B1 (en) 1986-04-22 1987-03-18 Gas-discharge surge arrester

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4831485A (en)
EP (1) EP0242590B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62256393A (en)
DE (1) DE3760233D1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3727545A1 (en) * 1987-08-18 1989-03-02 Siemens Ag Overvoltage suppressor for high current loads
EP0425736A1 (en) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Triggered commutation spark gap
CN106329316A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-01-11 深圳市瑞隆源电子有限公司 Open circuit failure mode discharge tube

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2847105B2 (en) * 1990-01-10 1999-01-13 矢崎総業株式会社 Discharge tube
JP2860335B2 (en) * 1990-09-25 1999-02-24 矢崎総業株式会社 Discharge tube
DE19632417C1 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-05-07 Siemens Ag Hydrogen-containing gas-filled surge diverter
DE102005016848A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Epcos Ag Surge arresters
DE102005036265A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Epcos Ag radio link
CN101297452A (en) * 2005-09-14 2008-10-29 力特保险丝有限公司 Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950090A1 (en) * 1969-10-03 1971-04-08 Siemens Ag Gas discharge surge arrester
DE2619866A1 (en) * 1976-05-05 1977-11-10 Siemens Ag Electrode coating for gas filled surge arresters - made from paste contg. alkali halide, barium-aluminium alloy, titanium and silica

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2757308A (en) * 1954-01-28 1956-07-31 Gera Corp Emissive cathode
DE1935734A1 (en) * 1969-07-14 1971-01-28 Siemens Ag Surge arresters
DE1951015C3 (en) * 1969-10-09 1979-02-15 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Derive method for manufacturing a surge button
US4015172A (en) * 1975-03-17 1977-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Two path voltage arrester
US4084208A (en) * 1975-03-28 1978-04-11 General Instrument Corporation Gas-filled surge arrestors
JPS5952503B2 (en) * 1975-11-07 1984-12-20 株式会社日立製作所 Substrate metal plate for directly heated oxide cathode
US4104693A (en) * 1976-03-23 1978-08-01 Reliable Electric Company Gas filled surge arrester
DE2828650C3 (en) * 1978-06-29 1982-03-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Surge arresters
DE3100924A1 (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-08-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "GAS DISCHARGE SURGE ARRESTER"
DE3207663A1 (en) * 1982-03-03 1983-09-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München SURGE PROTECTOR WITH A GAS-FILLED HOUSING
DE3233584A1 (en) * 1982-09-10 1984-03-15 G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE LINE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR
JPS59177880A (en) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-08 新光電気工業株式会社 Lightning tube
DE3335602A1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-18 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München GAS DISCHARGE ARRESTER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950090A1 (en) * 1969-10-03 1971-04-08 Siemens Ag Gas discharge surge arrester
DE2619866A1 (en) * 1976-05-05 1977-11-10 Siemens Ag Electrode coating for gas filled surge arresters - made from paste contg. alkali halide, barium-aluminium alloy, titanium and silica

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3727545A1 (en) * 1987-08-18 1989-03-02 Siemens Ag Overvoltage suppressor for high current loads
EP0425736A1 (en) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Triggered commutation spark gap
US5151630A (en) * 1989-11-02 1992-09-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Triggerable switching spark gap
CN106329316A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-01-11 深圳市瑞隆源电子有限公司 Open circuit failure mode discharge tube
CN106329316B (en) * 2016-11-07 2018-03-02 深圳市瑞隆源电子有限公司 A kind of open loop failure mode discharge tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0242590B1 (en) 1989-06-07
DE3760233D1 (en) 1989-07-13
JPS62256393A (en) 1987-11-09
US4831485A (en) 1989-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2514922C2 (en) Semiconductor component resistant to alternating thermal loads
DE3414065C2 (en)
DE68904214T2 (en) HARD-LOCKING PASTE FOR CONNECTING METALS AND CERAMIC MATERIALS.
DE69925943T2 (en) Spark plug with built-in resistor
DE3909302C2 (en)
WO2002101105A1 (en) Unleaded solder
DE1950090C3 (en) Gas discharge tube
DE4443459C2 (en) Lead-free soft solder and its use
EP0242590B1 (en) Gas-discharge surge arrester
EP0138082B1 (en) Gas-discharge arrester and fabrication method
EP0242688A1 (en) Surge arrester
DE2254623C3 (en) Penetration composite metal as a contact material for vacuum switches with high switching rates
DE1789062C3 (en) Process for producing metal contact layers for semiconductor arrangements
DE10207109A1 (en) Ceramic circuit board
DE2920014C2 (en)
WO1992022079A1 (en) Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material
WO2007000141A1 (en) Electrode system for a lamp
WO2007000142A1 (en) Solder filler
DE10215572B4 (en) Electrical connection and electrical component with it
DE8611032U1 (en) Gas discharge surge arrester
DE2913614A1 (en) DIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE FOR ELECTRON TUBES
EP3433220B1 (en) Process for producing a gas-tight metal-ceramic join
DE102004050441A1 (en) solder
DE1805865A1 (en) Electrode for vacuum switch
DE3505303C2 (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19871125

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880728

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3760233

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890713

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19950213

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19950323

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19950518

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19950614

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960318

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19960331

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19960331

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960318

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19961129

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19961203

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050318