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EP0101109B1 - Mischzerstäuber - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0101109B1
EP0101109B1 EP83201033A EP83201033A EP0101109B1 EP 0101109 B1 EP0101109 B1 EP 0101109B1 EP 83201033 A EP83201033 A EP 83201033A EP 83201033 A EP83201033 A EP 83201033A EP 0101109 B1 EP0101109 B1 EP 0101109B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
liquid
gas
mix
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83201033A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0101109A3 (en
EP0101109A2 (de
Inventor
Hendrikus Johannus Antonius Hasenack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0101109A2 publication Critical patent/EP0101109A2/de
Publication of EP0101109A3 publication Critical patent/EP0101109A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0101109B1 publication Critical patent/EP0101109B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mix atomizer for the atomization of a liquid with gas.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for the atomization of a liquid, which apparatus is provided with a plurality of such mix atomizers.
  • liquid is taken throughout the specification and claims also to include dispersions of solid particles in a liquid and emulsions.
  • Atomizers are applied on a large scale in combustion engineering, especially for atomizing heavy liquid fuel, to promote intensive contact of liquid with combustion air for a proper combustion.
  • liquid fuel is broken up into very small droplets which droplets may be subsequently mixed with oxygen or an oxygen- containing gas, for example air, in a combustion chamber for combustion of the fuel.
  • Atomization is normally effected by causing a liquid to spurt under pressure from one or more orifices with a special shape and dimensions.
  • Addition of a gas, for example steam, to the liquid in the atomizer itself promotes the atomization of the liquid.
  • An atomizer wherein gas is added to the liquid to be atomized is in the specification and claims indicated with the expression mix atomizer.
  • US patent specification 2,764,455 discloses a mix atomizer for the atomization of a liquid with gas comprising a first mixing chamber, a second mixing chamber into which the first mixing chamber debouches having a cross-sectional area which is substantially larger than the cross-sectional area of the first mixing chamber, and an outlet nozzle into which the second mixing chamber debouches having a cross-sectional area which is substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second mixing chamber, wherein the first mixing chamber, the second' mixing chamber and the outlet nozzle have substantially coinciding central longitudinal axes, wherein the first mixing chamber is provided with one inlet for liquid and separate inlet means for primary gas, the central longitudinal axes of the inlet means for primary gas intersecting the central longitudinal axis of the inlet for liquid in the first mixing chamber, and wherein the second mixing chamber is provided with means for introducing secondary gas and with a tapering end wall portion for smoothly guiding secondary gas to the outlet nozzle.
  • the mix atomizer according to the invention is characterized in that the means for introducing secondary gas are means for tangen- .tially introducing secondary gas, which are arranged near the tapering end wall portion of the second mixing chamber.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for the atomization of a liquid with gas, comprising a member being internally provided with a plurality of mix atomizers, wherein each mix atomizer comprises a first mixing chamber and an outlet nozzle in fluid communication therewith terminating at the outer surface of a head of the member, the first mixing chamber and the outlet nozzle having coinciding central longitudinal axes, wherein the mix atomizer is provided with one inlet for liquid and separate inlet means for primary gas, the central longitudinal axis of the inlet means for primary gas intersecting the central longitudinal axis of the inlet for liquid, and wherein the member further comprises one liquid supply channel and one gas supply channel, first passages for supplying liquid from the liquid supply channel to the liquid inlets, and second passages for supplying primary gas from the gas supply channel to the inlet means for primary gas.
  • the apparatus for the atomization of a liquid with gas is characterized in that the mix atomizers further comprise second mixing chambers into which the first mixing chambers debouch, wherein the second mixing chambers debouch into the outlet nozzles, wherein the cross-sectional areas of the second mixing chambers are substantially larger than the cross-sectional areas of the first mixing chambers and also substantially larger than the cross-sectional areas of the outlet nozzles, wherein the first mixing chambers, the second mixing chambers and the outlet nozzles have substantially coinciding longitudinal axes, and wherein the second mixing chambers are provided with tapering end wall portions for smoothly guiding secondary gas to the outlet nozzles and with means for tangentially introducing secondary gas which are arranged near the tapering end wall portions, and in that the member further comprises third passages for supplying secondary gas from the gas supply channel to the means for tangentially introducing secondary gas pertaining to the second mixing chambers of the mix atomizers.
  • Figure 1 shows a mix atomizer, generally indicated by reference numeral 1, for atomizing a liquid, such as heavy liquid fuel, with a gas.
  • the mix atomizer 1 has as main components a first mixing chamber 2, a second chamber 3 being in fluid communication with the first mixing chamber 2, and an outlet nozzle 4 connected with the second mixing chamber 3. These three components have substantially coinciding longitudinal axes, while the cross-sectional areas of the second mixing chamber 3 and those of the outlet nozzle 4 are both substantially larger than the cross-sectional areas of the first mixing chamber 2. Further, the cross-sectional areas of the outlet nozzle 4 are chosen smaller than the cross-sectional areas of the second mixing chamber 3.
  • Channels 5 and 6 are arranged in the atomizer for supplying a liquid to be atomized and atomizing gas, respectively, into the first mixing chamber 2 at or near the free end thereof.
  • the channels 5 and 6 are positioned at an angle with respect to one another to promote intensive break-up of the liquid flow issuing from channel 5 by the gasflow from channel 6.
  • the mix atomizer is provided with a ring-shaped channel 7 with passages 8 forming fluid communications between the channel 7 and said mixing chamber 3.
  • These passages 8, being preferably uniformly distributed over the circumference of the second mixing chamber 3, are so positioned with respect to said second mixing chamber that gas from the ring-shaped channel 7 is tangentially introduced into said mixing chamber 3.
  • the second mixing chamber 3 Downstream of the ring-shaped channel 7 the second mixing chamber 3 has a substantially frusto-conically shaped side wall 9 tapering towards the outlet nozzle 4 thereby providing a smooth guiding for fluid from the channel 7 and the passages 8 towards the outlet nozzle 4.
  • the liquid to be atomized and steam are introduced into the first mixing chamber 2. Owing to the impact of the steam flow on the supplied liquid flow, the liquid flow is broken up into small liquid fragments in the first mixing chamber 2. The breaking up of the liquid flow is promoted by causing the steam from the channel 6 to contact the liquid flow from the channel 5 at an angle. The so formed mixture of liquid fragments and steam enters the second mixing chamber 3, where secondary steam is added at sonic velocity to said mixture. Since the secondary steam is tangentially introduced at a high velocity into the second mixing chamber at a wide part thereof, the secondary steam will form an annulus around the core formed by the mixture of liquid fragments and primary steam from the first mixing chamber 2.
  • the major part of the tangentially introduced steam flows substantially along the frusto-conically shaped wall 9 of the second mixing chamber 3 and follows its way along the wall of the outlet nozzle 4, thereby preventing direct contact of liquid with said walls. Such a contact might easily reduce the velocity of the liquid flowing close to said walls, resulting in an irregular outflow pattern of the liquid over the outlet nozzle 4.
  • the velocity of the mixture of steam and liquid fragments is substantially increased in the outlet nozzle 4, causing a further break-up of the liquid fragments.
  • the velocity and the density of the liquid fragments over the cross section of the outlet nozzle 4 will be substantially uniform, which feature enables an effective combustion of the liquid in a not shown combustion chamber arranged downstream of the outlet nozzle 4.
  • the liquid/steam mixture Upon leaving the mix atomizer the liquid/steam mixture will rapidly expand, resulting in the formation of a mist of very fine droplets in the combustion space, where the liquid droplets are contacted with blast for the combustion of the fuel.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 showing an apparatus for atomizing liquid, which apparatus is provided with a plurality of mix atomizers of a type discussed in the above with reference to Figure 1.
  • This atomization apparatus comprises a member 10 provided with a central channel 11 for the supply of atomization fluid to a plurality of mix atomizers 12, and with a concentrically positioned annular channel 13 for the supply of liquid, such as oil, to be atomized.
  • the mix atomizers 12 are arranged in a head 14 of the apparatus 10.
  • the distance between the outlet nozzles of adjacent mix atomizers 12 should be chosen sufficiently large to prevent interference between adjacent outflowing streams of liquid droplets.
  • a suitable arrangement of the mix atomizers 12 is the one shown in Figure 3, wherein the centres of the outlet nozzles of the mix atomizers 12 are positioned in a circular pattern, and wherein adjacent outlet nozzles are spaced apart from one another at 120 degrees.
  • the head 14 of the apparatus 10 is frusto-conically shaped whereas the mix atomizers 12 are arranged perpendicular to the outer surface of said head 14. This arrangement enables the application of more mix atomizers without the risk of interference between adjacent mix atomizers than possible when using an apparatus having a flat head and the mix atomizers being arranged perpendicular to the flat outer surface of the head.
  • Each mix atomizer 12 is provided with a first mixing chamber 15, a second mixing chamber 16 and an outlet nozzle 17, wherein the second mixing chamber 16 is substantially wider than the first mixing chamber 15.
  • the first mixing chamber 15, the second mixing chamber 16 and the outlet nozzle 17 of each mix atomizer 12 have coinciding longitudinal axes, positioned perpendicular to the frusto-conically shaped outer surface of head 14.
  • a plurality of passages 18 are provided forming fluid communications betwen the central channel 11 and the first mixing chambers 15.
  • Secondary atomization fluid is supplied via tangentially arranged passages 19 to the second mixing chambers 16 of the mix atomizers 12.
  • These passages 19 form fluid communications between the mix atomizers 12 and a substantially ring-shaped channel 20 connected to the central channel 11 via a passage 21.
  • the ring-shaped channel 20 surrounds the mix atomizers 12.
  • Fluid to be atomized is supplied to the first mixing chambers 15 of the mix atomizers 12 via a plurality of passages 22 forming a fluid communication between the annular liquid channel 13 and the first mixing chambers 15.
  • the mix atomizers 12 are supplied with oil and steam via a common liquid supply, viz. annular channel 13, and a common steam supply, viz. central channel 11, respectively.
  • the present invention is not restricted to mix atomizers having second mixing chambers with frusto-conically shaped walls downstream of the secondary steam inlets.
  • other shapes of tapering walls may be applied, provided that there is a smooth passage for the secondary steam from the secondary steam inlets to the outlet nozzle of the mix atomizer, guaranteeing that the secondary steam will form a shield flowing along the walls of the second mixing chamber and the outlet nozzle.
  • the mix atomizers are provided with central primary inlets in combination with side inlets for liquid, these inlets may also be otherwise arranged, for example a combination of central liquid inlets with side primary steam inlets may be chosen for.
  • the invention is not restricted to an apparatus with mix atomizers having the particular arrangement of a central steam channel and an annular liquid channel as shown in Figure 2. Any other suitable arrangement may be applied, provided that the mix atomizers can be supplied with steam and liquid from a common steam channel and a common liquid channel, respectively.
  • the invention is not restricted to an apparatus for atomization of a liquid having a frusto-conically shaped head.
  • the apparatus can be provided with a flat-shaped head.
  • the mix atomizers are preferably arranged at an angle with respect to the outer surface of the head having their outlet nozzles pointing away from one another to enable the positioning of a relatively large number of mix atomizers in the apparatus without the risk of interference between the fluid flows issuing from the atomizers during operation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Mischzerstäuber für das Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit mit Gas, bestehend aus einer ersten Mischkammer, einer zweiten Mischkammer, in die die erste Mischkammer einmündet und die eine Querschnittsfläche aufweist, die weitgehend größer ist als die Querschnittsfläche der ersten Mischkammer, einer Auslaßdüse, in die die zweite Mischkammer einmündet und die eine Querschnittsfläche aufweist, die weitgehend kleiner ist als die Querschnittsfläche der zweiten Mischkammer, wobei die erste Mischkammer, die zweite Mischkammer und die Auslaßdüse weitgehend koinzidierende zentrale Längsachsen haben und die erste Mischkammer.mit einem Einlaß für Flüssigkeit und separate Einlaßmittel für Primärgas aufweist, die zentrale Längsachse der Einlaßmittel für Primärgas die zentrale Längsachse des Einlasses für Flüssigkeit in der ersten Mischkammer überschneidet, wobei die zweite Mischkammer mit Mitteln zum Einleiten von Sekundärgas versehen ist und einen sich verjüngenden Wandendabschnitt aufweist, um das Sekundärgas ruhig zur Auslaßdüse zu leiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Einleiten von Sekundärgas Mittel zum tangentialen Einleiten von Sekundärgas sind, die in der Nähe des sich verjüngenden Wandendabschnitts der zweiten Mischkammer angeordnet sind.
2. Zerstäuber nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zerstäuber eine Vielzahl von tangential angeordneten Durchlässen aufweist, um das Sekundärgas tangential in die zweite Mischkammer einführen zu können und die Durchlässe weitgehend gleichförmig über den Umfang der zweiten Mischkammer verteilt sind.
3. Zerstäuber nach anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnittsfläche der Auslaßdüse weitgehend größer als die Querschnittsfläche der ersten Mischkammer ist.
4. Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit mit Gas, bestehend aus einem Teil, das innen mit einer Vielzahl von Mischzerstäubern versehen ist, wobei jeder Mischzerstäuber eine erste Mischkammer und eine Auslaßdüse, die miteinander strömungsverbunden sind, umfaßt und endend an einer äußeren Fläche am Kopf des Teils, die erste Mischkammer und die Auslaßdüse koinzidierende zentrale Längsachsen haben, wobei der Mischzerstäuber mit einem Einlaß für Flüssigkeit und separaten Einlaßmitteln für Primärgas versehen ist, die zentrale Längsachse der Einlaßmittel für Primärgas die zentrale Längsachse des Einlasses für Flüssigkeit schneidet, wobei das Teil weiterhin einen Beschickungskanal für Flüssigkeit und einen Beschickungskanal für Gas aufweist, erste Durchgänge zum Beschicken von Flüssigkeit von dem Flüssigkeitsbeschickungskanal zu den Flüssigkeitseinlässen vorgesehen sind und zweite Durchlässe zum Beschicken von primärem Gas vom Gasbeschickungskanal zu den Einlaßmitteln für primäres Gas vorgesehen sind, daduch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mischzerstäuber eine zweite Mischkammer umfaßt, in welche die erste Mischkammer einmündet, die zweite Mischkammer dabei in die Auslaßdüsen einmündet, die Querschnittsflächen der zweiten Mischkammern weitgehend größer als die Querschnittsflächen der ersten Mischkammern und auch weitgehend größer als die Querschnittsflächen der Auslaßdüsen sind, die ersten Mischkammern, die zweiten Mischkammern und die Auslaßdüsen weitgehend koinzidierende Längsachsen haben, die zweiten Mischkammern mit sich verjüngenden Wandenabschnitten versehen sind, um das Sekundärgas ruhig zu den Auslaßdüsen geleiten zu können, und Mittel zum tangentialen Einleiten von Sekundärgas vorgesehen sind, die in der Nähe der sich verjüngenden Wandendabschnitte angeordnet sind und daß das. Teil weiter dritte Einlässe für die Zufuhr von Sekundärgas vom Gasbeschickungskanal zu den Mitteln zum tangentialen Einleiten von Sekundärgas umfaßt, die zu den zweiten Mischkammern des Mischzerstäubers gehören.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mischzerstäuber mit einer Vielzahl von tangential angeordneten Durchlässen versehen sind, um das Sekundärgas tangential in die zweiten Mischkammern einführen zu können, und daß die Durchlässe weitgehend gleichmäßig über den Umfang der zweiten Mischkammern verteilt sind.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnittsflächen der Auslaßdüsen weitgehend größer als die Querschnittsflächen der zugehörigen ersten Mischkammern sind.
7. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mitteln der Auslaßdüsen in einem kreisförmigen Muster angeordnet sind und weitgehend gleich entfernt voneinander sind.
8. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf des Teils eine weitgehend kegelförmige äußere Fläche aufweist und daß die Mischzerstäuber weitgehend senkrecht zur äußeren Fläche des Kopfes sind.
9. Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf des Teils eine weitgehend flache äußere Oberfläche hat und daß die Mischzerstäuber in bezug auf die äußere Kopffläche spitzwinklig angeordnet sind und daß ihre Auslaßdüsen voneinander abweisen.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer der Beschickungskanäle weitgehend zentral in den Teil angeordnet ist und daß der andere Beschickungskanal ringförmig ist, wobei die Beschickungskanäle weitgehend koinzidierende Längsachsen haben.
EP83201033A 1982-08-09 1983-07-12 Mischzerstäuber Expired EP0101109B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8222903 1982-08-09
GB8222903 1982-08-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0101109A2 EP0101109A2 (de) 1984-02-22
EP0101109A3 EP0101109A3 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0101109B1 true EP0101109B1 (de) 1988-03-23

Family

ID=10532201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83201033A Expired EP0101109B1 (de) 1982-08-09 1983-07-12 Mischzerstäuber

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0101109B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5952557A (de)
CA (1) CA1228013A (de)
DE (1) DE3376053D1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ205182A (de)
ZA (1) ZA835789B (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0278115B1 (de) * 1987-02-13 1990-04-11 BBC Brown Boveri AG Zerstäuberdüse
FR2641365B1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1991-12-13 Pillard Chauffage Procedes et dispositifs pour pulveriser finement un combustible liquide et bruleurs equipes de ces dispositifs
DE4238736A1 (de) * 1992-11-17 1994-05-19 Babcock Feuerungssysteme Zerstäuber für einen Ölbrenner
IT1289191B1 (it) * 1997-01-23 1998-09-29 Leitner Spa Cannone per la produzione di neve
EP2110601A1 (de) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brenner
FR2947191B1 (fr) * 2009-06-30 2012-08-24 Klipair Buse de pulverisation diphasique et appareil de nebulisation la comportant
RU2445172C2 (ru) * 2010-05-25 2012-03-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева" (КузГТУ) Форсунка для распыления жидкостей
CN108126460A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-06-08 姚舜 基于超声雾化的污浊气体净化方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH102855A (de) * 1922-11-11 1924-01-02 Haag Hermann Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben flüssiger Brennstoffe.
US2764455A (en) * 1953-11-23 1956-09-25 Alfred F Seibel Vaporizing and mixing unit
FR1245788A (fr) * 1958-11-06 1960-11-10 Rorep Soc De Personnes A Respo Brûleur à combustible liquide
US3072344A (en) * 1960-12-19 1963-01-08 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Unitary y-jet spray head assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ205182A (en) 1985-12-13
DE3376053D1 (en) 1988-04-28
EP0101109A3 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0101109A2 (de) 1984-02-22
CA1228013A (en) 1987-10-13
JPH0315491B2 (de) 1991-03-01
ZA835789B (en) 1984-04-25
JPS5952557A (ja) 1984-03-27

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