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EP0158911A1 - Shipsail - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0158911A1
EP0158911A1 EP85103889A EP85103889A EP0158911A1 EP 0158911 A1 EP0158911 A1 EP 0158911A1 EP 85103889 A EP85103889 A EP 85103889A EP 85103889 A EP85103889 A EP 85103889A EP 0158911 A1 EP0158911 A1 EP 0158911A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boat
wing
base
mast
hull
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP85103889A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marius Girodin
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0158911A1 publication Critical patent/EP0158911A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails

Definitions

  • the invention is characterized in that the airfoil, single or fractional, is rigid with a symmetrical aerodynamic profile evolving or not and free to pivot around an axis located in front of its aerodynamic center, the depth was decreasing from the base to the end.
  • the substantially vertical deflection articulation axis is characterized in that it consists of a rigid pivot mast secured to the hull to be propelled and of an appropriate height, around which the airfoil rotates.
  • connection between the wing and the pivot mast takes place at two points:
  • the boat 1 carries according to the invention securely fixed to the upper part of the hull suitably reinforced for this purpose the pivot mast 2.
  • the upper part of this pivot mast carries the base rocket 3 and its lower part flush with the hull, the rolling belt 4.
  • the rigid or inflated wing 5 covers the pivot mast 2. It is fixed to the latter by means of the spherical roller bearing 6 for example, the outer cage of which is embedded in the main rib 7.
  • the inner cage of the bearing 6 surrounds and abuts at its base on the rocket 3, and it is held by the rod washer 8, the rod 19 of which is fixed towards the accessible foot of the support mast 2.
  • rollers 9 of the base rib 10 are in contact with the running belt 4 of the foot of the pivot mast 2.
  • the airfoil 5 held in the three directions at the head of the pivot mast 2 can therefore only rotate freely around the axis formed by the running belt 4 and the rocket 3.
  • the rigid wing 5 is advantageously but not necessarily constituted by the monolongeron 11 the working leading edge 12 resting on the appropriate number of intermediate ribs such as 7.
  • the trailing edge 13 comprises a very light coating 14 fixed to the rear ribs 15
  • the rigid wing 5 carries the flap 16 at its trailing edge controlled by the levers 17 at its base. This component is not mandatory but it allows the generation of an orientation torque to the hull without generation of transverse force, which makes it easier to maneuver wind or docking.
  • the pivot mast 2 is of frusto-conical shape. Depending on the structure of the shell it may be preferable to make it tripod or quadripod.
  • the cylindrical guide ring of the wing base is carried by the base rib and the rollers or pads on which it moves are integral with the hull.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The boat 1 is equipped with a high-strength pivot mast 2 embedded in the hull, transmitting all the forces of the sail 5 to the hull via the axle 3 at the head of the pivot mast which comprises a bearing and two opposed limit stops, and the circular band 4 at the foot of the mast. The rigid or inflated, non-reducible sail 5, of a depth decreasing from the base to the top and with a symmetrical aerodynamic profile, comprises in the example shown a single spar 11, a rigid leading edge 12 and a light trailing edge 13. The pivot mast 2 is placed between the leading edge and the aerodynamic centre of the sail 5. For manoeuvres without way in ports, the sail 5 carries at its trailing edge a flap 6 which can be oriented by means of the levers 17 placed at its base. Manoeuvres at sea are effected by a single sheet 18, as on a conventional sail. <IMAGE>

Description

Il est connu que le rapport entre la poussée perpendiculaire au vent relatif et la trainée parallèle à ce ver.c relatif -la finesse- d'une voilure classique de bateau même bien établie est très faible.It is known that the ratio between the thrust perpendicular to the relative wind and the drag parallel to this relative ver.c - the finesse - of a conventional wing even when well established is very low.

Elle est de plus de dix fois inférieure à celle d'une voilure d'avion, même de qualité moyenne.It is more than ten times lower than that of an airplane wing, even of average quality.

Les raisons de cette énorme différence sont multiples, en particulier :

  • - absence de formes aérodynamiques,
  • - trainée des mâts et des haubans,
  • - rugosité de la toile,
  • - forme triangulaire des voiles très différente de l'optimum elliptique et le faible allongement.
There are many reasons for this huge difference, in particular:
  • - absence of aerodynamic shapes,
  • - trail of masts and shrouds,
  • - roughness of the fabric,
  • - triangular shape of the sails very different from the elliptical optimum and the low elongation.

Il y a évidemment un intérêt majeur à ce que la finesse de la voilure de bateau se rapproche de celle de l'avion, ses performances en seraient accrues. Les moyens pour y parvenir sont l'objet de la présente invention.There is obviously a major interest in the fact that the fineness of the boat's wing approaches that of the plane, its performance would be increased. The means to achieve this are the object of the present invention.

Il est utile de rappeler pour bien en préciser l'effet, que le coefficient de trainée des mâts, flèches, haubans, étais, etc... est en moyenne supérieur à l'unité, alors que le coefficient de trainée d'une voilure à profil symétrique d'épaisseur moyenne est de huit millièmes.It is useful to recall to clarify the effect, that the drag coefficient of masts, arrows, shrouds, props, etc ... is on average greater than one, while the drag coefficient of a wing with symmetrical profile of average thickness is eight thousandths.

Abstraction faite de la trainée propre des voiles, qui est supérieure à la trainée d'une voilure rigide de surface identique, on voit que l'égalité des résistancesde trainée serait obtenue avec une surface de voilure égale à cent vingt cinq fois la surface transversale de l'ensemble des mâts, flèches, étais, haubans etc... valeur considérable impossible à réaliser mais qui illustre le gain obtenu par l'invention d'une part et l'inutilité de la réduction de voilure dans le cas de vent fort d'autre part. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que la voilure, unique ou fractionnée, est rigide avec un profil symétrique aérodynamique évolutif ou non et libre de pivoter autour d'un axe situé en avant de son centre aérodynamique, la profondeur était décroissante de la base à l'extrémité.Leaving aside the proper drag of the sails, which is greater than the drag of a rigid canopy of identical surface, it can be seen that the equal of the drag resistances would be obtained with a sail surface equal to one hundred and twenty five times the transverse surface of all masts, arrows, struts, shrouds etc ... considerable value impossible to achieve but which illustrates the gain obtained by the invention on the one hand and the uselessness of the reduction of sail in the case of strong wind d 'somewhere else. The invention is characterized in that the airfoil, single or fractional, is rigid with a symmetrical aerodynamic profile evolving or not and free to pivot around an axis located in front of its aerodynamic center, the depth was decreasing from the base to the end.

Ainsi sans sollicitation extérieure imposée, la voilure, ou chaque élément de voilure, se place automatiquement dans le lit du vent offrant une résistance très inférieure à l'ensemble mature et haubans classiques. L'axe d'articulation devoilure sensiblement vertical, selon l'invention, est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un mât pivot rigide solidaire de la coque à propulser et d'une hauteur appropriée, autour duquel la voilure tourne.Thus, without any external stress imposed, the blade, or each blade element, is automatically placed in the wind bed, offering much lower resistance than the mature assembly and conventional shrouds. The substantially vertical deflection articulation axis, according to the invention, is characterized in that it consists of a rigid pivot mast secured to the hull to be propelled and of an appropriate height, around which the airfoil rotates.

Selon l'invention la liaison entre la voilure et le mat pivot s'effectue en deux points :According to the invention, the connection between the wing and the pivot mast takes place at two points:

Le premier au sommet du dit mât pivot assume trois fonctions :

  • Pour supporter les efforts perpendiculaires au mât une portée transversale et pour supporter les efforts verticaux vers le bas ou vers le haut, pouvant solliciter la voilure deux butées en opposition ;
  • Le deuxième au niveau de la nervure de base support tous les efforts horizontaux sollicitant la voilure et se ramenant à ce point, les principaux étant supportés par la liaison du sommet du mât.
The first at the top of the said pivot mast performs three functions:
  • To support the forces perpendicular to the mast a transverse bearing and to support the vertical forces downwards or upwards, being able to request the wing two stops in opposition;
  • The second at the level of the base rib supports all the horizontal forces requesting the canopy and reducing to this point, the main ones being supported by the connection of the top of the mast.

Selon l'invention la liaison mât voilure en ce pied de mât est avantageusement constituée par des galets solidaires de la nervure de base roulant sur une ceinture circulaire entourant le pied du mât pivot. D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention seront précisées au cours de la description qui suit, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple de réalisation. A la planche unique :

  • La figure 1 est la vue de profil d'un bateau équipée d'une voilure rigide selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de face du même bateau, mais avec sa voilure éliminée afin de montrer l'ensemble rigide coque plus mât pivot.
  • La figure 3 est une coupe agrandie suivant AA de figure 1 au niveau de la tête du mât support.
  • La figure 4 est une coupe agrandie suivant BB de la figure 1 montrant la nervure de base, ses galets de roulement et le chemin de roulement du pied du mât support.
  • La figure 5 illustre à plus grande échelle un mode d'assemblage de la voilure avec le sommet du mât support.
According to the invention, the wing mast connection at this mast foot is advantageously constituted by rollers integral with the base rib rolling on a circular belt surrounding the foot of the pivot mast. Other characteristics of the invention will be specified during the description which follows, given solely by way of example of embodiment. Single board:
  • Figure 1 is the side view of a boat equipped with a rigid wing according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the same boat, but with its wing removed to show the rigid hull assembly plus pivot mast.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged section along AA of Figure 1 at the head of the support mast.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged section along BB of Figure 1 showing the base rib, its rollers and the raceway of the foot of the support mast.
  • Figure 5 illustrates on a larger scale a method of assembling the wing with the top of the support mast.

Le bateau 1 porte selon l'invention solidement fixé à la partie supérieure de la coque convenablement renforcée à cet effet le mât pivot 2 . La partie supérieure de ce mât pivot porte la fusée à embases 3 et sa partie inférieum au ras de la coque, la ceinture de roulement 4.The boat 1 carries according to the invention securely fixed to the upper part of the hull suitably reinforced for this purpose the pivot mast 2. The upper part of this pivot mast carries the base rocket 3 and its lower part flush with the hull, the rolling belt 4.

La voilure rigide ou gonflée 5 coiffe le mât pivot 2. Elle est fixée à ce dernier par l'intermédiaire du roulement à rouleaux à rotule 6 par exemple dont la cage extérieure est encastrée dans la nervure principale 7. La cage intérieure du roulement 6 entoure et bute à sa base sur la fusée 3, et elle est maintenue par la rondelle à tige 8, dont la tige 19 est fixée vers le pied accessible du mât support 2.The rigid or inflated wing 5 covers the pivot mast 2. It is fixed to the latter by means of the spherical roller bearing 6 for example, the outer cage of which is embedded in the main rib 7. The inner cage of the bearing 6 surrounds and abuts at its base on the rocket 3, and it is held by the rod washer 8, the rod 19 of which is fixed towards the accessible foot of the support mast 2.

Simultanément les galets 9 de la nervure de base 10 sont en contact avec la ceinture de roulement 4 du pied du mât pivot 2.Simultaneously the rollers 9 of the base rib 10 are in contact with the running belt 4 of the foot of the pivot mast 2.

La voilure 5 maintenue dans les trois directions à la tête du mât pivot 2 ne peut donc que tourner librement autour de l'axe formé par la ceinture de roulement 4 et la fusée 3.The airfoil 5 held in the three directions at the head of the pivot mast 2 can therefore only rotate freely around the axis formed by the running belt 4 and the rocket 3.

La voilure rigide 5 est avantageusement mais non obligatoirement constituée par le monolongeron 11 le bord d'attaque travaillant 12 s'appuyant surle nombre approprié de nervures intermédiaires telle que 7. Le bord de fuite 13 comporte un revêtement très léger 14 fixé aux nervures arrière 15. Pour faciliter les manoeuvres dans les ports la voilure rigide 5 porte à son bord de fuite le volet 16 commandé par les leviers 17 à sa base. Ce volet n'est pas obligatoire mais il permet de générer un couple d'orientation à-la coque sans génération d'effort transversal, ce qui permet de faciliter les manoeuvres de prise de vent ou d'accostage.The rigid wing 5 is advantageously but not necessarily constituted by the monolongeron 11 the working leading edge 12 resting on the appropriate number of intermediate ribs such as 7. The trailing edge 13 comprises a very light coating 14 fixed to the rear ribs 15 To facilitate maneuvers in ports, the rigid wing 5 carries the flap 16 at its trailing edge controlled by the levers 17 at its base. This component is not mandatory but it allows the generation of an orientation torque to the hull without generation of transverse force, which makes it easier to maneuver wind or docking.

L'incidence de la voilure 5 par rapport au vent relatif est réglée par l'écoute 18 fixée à une barre d'écoute à la manière classique ou autre. Il va de soi que ce volet 16 peut être remplacé par un volet à déplacement, formant dispositif hypersustentateur, ainsi qu'il est classique de le faire pour les avions.The incidence of the airfoil 5 relative to the relative wind is adjusted by the sheet 18 fixed to a sheet bar in the conventional or other manner. It goes without saying that this flap 16 can be replaced by a displacement flap, forming a high-lift device, as is conventional for aircraft.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit le mât pivot 2 est de forme troncôni- que. Suivant la structure de la coque il peut être préférable de le réaliser tripode ou quadripode. Dans ce cas l'anneau cylindrique de guidage du pied de voilure est porté par la nervure de base et les galets ou patins sur lesquels il se déplace sont solidaire de la coque.In the embodiment described, the pivot mast 2 is of frusto-conical shape. Depending on the structure of the shell it may be preferable to make it tripod or quadripod. In this case, the cylindrical guide ring of the wing base is carried by the base rib and the rollers or pads on which it moves are integral with the hull.

Le fonctionnement de la voilure selon l'invention est évident.The operation of the wing according to the invention is obvious.

La coque 1 n'étant pas debout au vent et la voilure 5 dans le vent, le fait de tirer sur l'écoute 18 impose une incidence à la voilure par rapport au vent ce qui génère une force pratiquement perpendiculaire au vent relatif et proportionnelle à l'incidence, dont la composante suivant l'axe longitudinal fait avancer le bateau.The hull 1 not being upright in the wind and the blade 5 in the wind, the pulling on the sheet 18 imposes an incidence on the blade relative to the wind which generates a force practically perpendicular to the relative wind and proportional to the incidence, the component of which along the longitudinal axis makes the boat advance.

Claims (11)

1. Voilure de bateau caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par une surface rigide ou gonflable de profondeur dégressive en partant de sa base ayant un profil aérodynamique évolutif ou non articulée sur un axe unique fixe par rapport au bateau à propulser.1. Boat wing characterized in that it is constituted by a rigid or inflatable surface of decreasing depth starting from its base having an evolving aerodynamic profile or not articulated on a single axis fixed relative to the boat to be propelled. 2. Voilure de bateau selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que l'axe fixe d'articulation sur la coque est vertical ou près de la verticale.2. Boat wing according to claim 1 characterized in that the fixed axis of articulation on the hull is vertical or near the vertical. 3. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisée en ce que l'axe fixe d'articulation est constitué par un mât pivot encastré à sa base sur la coque.3. Boat wing according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the fixed axis of articulation is constituted by a pivot mast embedded at its base on the hull. 4. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la tête du mât pivot porte une fusée à embases sur laquelle est immobilisée la voilure suivant les trois directions tout en permettant sa rotation.4. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the head of the pivot mast carries a flare with bases on which the wing is immobilized in three directions while allowing its rotation. 5. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que le mât pivot porte à sa base, près de son encastrement sur la coque, une ceinture circulaire cylindrique de roulement ou de frottement.5. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivot mast carries at its base, near its embedding on the hull, a circular cylindrical rolling or friction belt. 6. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la nervure de base de la dite voilure comporte au mofαstrois galets, dont les axes sont solidaires de la dite nervure, roulant sur le cylindre circulaire de la base de pied de mât support ou trois patins frottant sur le dit cylindre ou un anneau complet entourant le dit cylindre.6. Boat sail according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base rib of the said sail comprises mofαstrois rollers, the axes of which are integral with the said rib, rolling on the circular cylinder of the foot base support mast or three pads rubbing on said cylinder or a complete ring surrounding said cylinder. 7. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que le mât pivot étant tripode ou quadripode, la nervure de base de la voilure est solidaire de l'anneau cylindrique de guidage, les galets ou patins étant solidaires de la coque.7. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivot mast being tripod or quadripod, the base rib of the wing is secured to the cylindrical guide ring, the rollers or runners being secured to the shell. 8. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que l'axe d'articulation de la dite voilure est située en avant de son centre aérodynamique, vers le bord d'attaque.8. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the articulation axis of said wing is located in front of its aerodynamic center, towards the leading edge. 9. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que le bord de fuite de la nervure de base près de la coque porte une prise d'écoute permettant la commande de l'incidence.9. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailing edge of the base rib near the hull carries a listening plug allowing the control of the incidence. 10. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la dite voilure possède un volet de bord de fuite dont la position angulaire est ajustable.10. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said wing has a trailing edge flap whose angular position is adjustable. 11. Voilure de bateau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la dite voilure porte à son bord de fuite un dispositif hypersustentateur à déplacement de volet ou non.11. Boat wing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said wing carries on its trailing edge a high-lift device with flap movement or not.
EP85103889A 1984-04-10 1985-04-01 Shipsail Withdrawn EP0158911A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8405668 1984-04-10
FR8405668A FR2562500A1 (en) 1984-04-10 1984-04-10 BOAT SAIL

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0158911A1 true EP0158911A1 (en) 1985-10-23

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EP85103889A Withdrawn EP0158911A1 (en) 1984-04-10 1985-04-01 Shipsail

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FR (1) FR2562500A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2196595A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-05 James Frederick Byam Shaw Sail
DE4333635A1 (en) * 1992-10-08 1994-04-14 Glass Dietmar Dipl Ing Fh Vertical blade as propulsion system for boats - consists of two horizontal plates fixed to vertical mast on craft and has outer rotatable lamelles
CN104454341A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-03-25 上海大学 Combined type wind power driving wing sail

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1464877A (en) * 1965-11-23 1967-01-06 Conservatoire Nat Arts Improvements to vehicles powered by natural wind
FR2445267A1 (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Philippe Marc Aerofoil structure with trailing edge made from flexible material - allows control of fluid flow over section without break in surface
US4386574A (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-07 Riolland Pierre L Sail assembly of variable profile, reversible and collapsible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1464877A (en) * 1965-11-23 1967-01-06 Conservatoire Nat Arts Improvements to vehicles powered by natural wind
FR2445267A1 (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Philippe Marc Aerofoil structure with trailing edge made from flexible material - allows control of fluid flow over section without break in surface
US4386574A (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-07 Riolland Pierre L Sail assembly of variable profile, reversible and collapsible

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2196595A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-05 James Frederick Byam Shaw Sail
GB2196595B (en) * 1986-10-29 1990-10-03 James Frederick Byam Shaw Sail
DE4333635A1 (en) * 1992-10-08 1994-04-14 Glass Dietmar Dipl Ing Fh Vertical blade as propulsion system for boats - consists of two horizontal plates fixed to vertical mast on craft and has outer rotatable lamelles
CN104454341A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-03-25 上海大学 Combined type wind power driving wing sail

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2562500A1 (en) 1985-10-11

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