EP0151902A2 - Perforated metallic section - Google Patents

Abstract

The section can be connected to a second identical section, abutting it or inserted into it or branching off from it or crossing it at one of its sides at any desired angle, in a simple manner with at least two screws so that the connection is neither pivotable or displaceable. To this end, the section possesses, on all sides, rows of alternately arranged round holes (5) and elongate holes (6) which are offset from row to row, at least in the web (1), and are dimensioned for adequately strong screws, and a height (a) of the section in the web direction is an integral multiple of the interval (g) between holes along each row and the distance (i) from row to row is in some cases equal to the interval (g) between holes and in some cases (k) twice as great. The section can be inscribed in a rectangle which, in the example shown, possesses the ratio between sides where web height (a): flange width (b) = 2 : 1. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a perforated profile bar made of metal, which is suitable for the production of support and support structures of any kind and also of barriers and borders.

A toy construction kit has long been known, which contains perforated flat, angle and U-shaped bars together with perforated plates, elbows, etc. and screws, and something similar will soon be available, only correspondingly larger and stronger in all areas Production of storage racks in storage rooms came into use. Common characteristic is a single-row perforation per profile side, so that crossing or branching profile bars can only be connected with a single screw; this means that the connection can only be loaded to a very limited extent and, above all, it is not stable in terms of angle. To remedy the latter, must you insert angle plates into the connection and additionally screw them with both profile bars, or you have to provide additional profile bars as struts, e.g. in the diagonal or parallel to a rectangular frame constructed from such profile bars so that it becomes stable at angles and with the usually uniform hole spacing the problem arises here that the holes in the strut cannot be made to coincide with a hole in one of the profile bars of the frame. However, with this special, uncritical application that does not require a variety of possibilities, moderate resilience, additional effort to remedy defects and problems of the type indicated are to be accepted if necessary.

Also known is a support for supporting formwork, the profile of which has essentially the shape of a U with legs of unequal length; one leg is angled inwards and struts at regular intervals with the other, and only elongated holes are provided for the passage of load-bearing screws, namely in only one row in the legs and in three rows in the web, together with various small holes for nails and wood screws for fastening the formwork wall. The elongated holes of the three rows in the web and the one in each leg are longitudinal, not longitudinally offset from each other and in each row the same width, in adjacent rows of different widths.

This carrier, too, is not suitable for applications other than this special support structure, for example for the production of the most varied and also exposed to high loads, for the following reasons, among others. Two such intersecting beams can only be screwed together if they abut each other on the web side, and then not in any position and not at any angle because of the arrangement of the elongated holes. The thighs fall for one Such a connection should be disregarded because it would not be angularly stable because of the single-row arrangement of the elongated holes, ie connectivity with only one screw, and the side facing away from the web is unsuitable for a connection simply because of the unequal leg lengths. Two such beams cannot be joined together because they do not fit into one another in any position, and also because the struts between the legs would sometimes be in the way. But not even the connection "web against web" - at angles that allow at least two screw connections - would be useful, because because there are only closely adjacent elongated holes available in a minimal number and of different widths, it would be pivotable and movable under the influence of a load. Of course, tightening the screws might not help. Moving or swiveling, ie giving in at a connection point of a supporting structure would result in overloading at other points, ie the bridge or the scaffolding would collapse the next time it is loaded.

In summary, it should be noted in relation to the state of the art that perforated profile bars, which can be joined together, dismantled and then reused, have been known for many decades, but that they are all only suitable for very specific, narrowly limited applications with moderate loads, so that the professional world had been used to this for a long time and it was natural for them to consider this as a fixed fact.

However, the inventor has freed himself from the traditional view and has set himself the task of creating a perforated profile rod of the type mentioned, which can be used universally by branching from it with a second, similar, which is attached or inserted to it crosses it on one of its sides at any angle, without further ado can be directly connected to at least two screws guided by covering holes in such a way that the connection, except in the context of the essential play of the screws in their holes, is neither displaceable nor pivotable under the action of a load.

In view of the state of the art and previous experience, the new task may at first seem unrealistic like a dream, and this is exactly what has prevented the experts from doing it. As can be seen later, however, the solution is simple and its characteristics follow logically from the task, so that they satisfy it.

Of course, the solution cannot consist in sifting a profile bar everywhere with countless, densely arranged and then correspondingly small holes; Although two such profile bars in different mutual positions, in which they offer contact surfaces to one another, can then be connected with more than one screw, such a “screen plate profile” would result in a modest moment of resistance in relation to its dimensions, and screws small diameters are known to have only a low load capacity, since this is essentially a quadratic function of the core diameter. For a usable solution to the task, it is important to provide holes that are dimensioned for sufficiently resilient screws at a suitable mutual distance - which is to be understood relatively, based on the dimensions of the profile and together with these on the required load capacity -; This takes advantage of the well-known fact that a certain, moderate perforation of a profile bar corresponds (its weight, however, only slightly reduces its resistance moments. The required stable connectivity of two such profile bars can then be achieved by a suitable arrangement of these holes, and from that required diversity For the Profi 1f, rm, it also follows that the connection options mean that two such rods offer contact surfaces on all sides and should possibly also be nestable one inside the other.

The last-mentioned condition in the patent claim that the connection should neither be displaceable nor pivotable under the action of load ensures that it can also be used for highly stressed support and support structures and precludes the known exclusive use of elongated holes, with which the other conditions would often be met without that one would have to make special considerations about the arrangement of the elongated holes. Because support and support structures made with the new profile bar should really be resilient, it is essential that they are provided with round holes; However, this does not exclude that a part of the round holes is replaced by elongated holes, whereby only the advantages of the latter are taken over and stable connections at any intersection angle are made possible even with larger hole spacings than with the exclusive use of round holes.

The connection of the new profile bar with a similar second, crossing it is in any case not displaceable if at least one screw is passed through a round hole in each of the two profile bars; They cannot be pivoted about this connection even if only one further screw is passed through an elongated hole in each of the two profile bars, provided that the longitudinal axis of neither of the two elongated holes is tangent to a circle around the former connection as the center. For manufacturing reasons alone, elongated holes will then be arranged either lengthwise or crosswise and not be curved.

In the special case of a clearly defined load direction, the former connection closes a movability even if the screw is only passed through a round hole in one profile bar, in the other, crossing it through an elongated hole, provided that this is transverse to the load direction or receives the screw at the end against which it is pressed by the load. The crossing profile bar cannot be swiveled around this connection in relation to the other, even if only one further screw is passed through an elongated hole in each of the two profile bars, provided that the longitudinal axis of neither of the latter two elongated holes lies tangentially to a circle around the former connection. Another special case is when a profile bar has another one that branches off from it and rests with its end face in it: In theory, a single screw that is only guided through round holes in both profile bars would suffice to prevent the connection from being pivoted and displaceable. In reality, because of the inevitable play of all parts, it is not sufficient, the connection would be limited wobble, ie in this case too, at least two screws should be provided for the connection.

Such considerations, pointed to extreme cases, are of importance for the design of the profile and the arrangement of the holes, but not for the practical application of the new profile rod, whereby a reasonably knowledgeable skilled worker easily recognizes through which holes he is due to the load specified number of screws must lead so that the connection is neither pivotable nor slidable. This will become clear from the example shown below with an abundance of connection options, in which if two profile bars of this type cross at right angles, even 25 screw connections would be possible. In the case of other crossing angles, there are of course fewer possible, but at least a sufficient number of screw connections that are available.

A preferred embodiment of the new profile rod is that its profile consists of a web and two flanges, that it is symmetrical to the axis across the web through the middle, and that it is inscribed in a rectangle, with at least the outer limits of the flanges with each a side of the rectangle coincide, the length of which is equal to the flange width. It is advantageous if the height of its profile in the web direction is an integral multiple of its flange width, in particular twice as large. Then two such profiled bars can be brought into contact with one another on all sides, and are two of them as wide as one in the other, so that they can be combined with one another in a variety of ways and can be connected on all sides to one another and to other components.

A further step in this direction means if the flanges on the web are arranged in the manner of a U-profile and their free ends facing away from the web are angled once or twice at right angles in such a way that a distance remains between them into which a second, similar profile bar fits with little play on the flange side. At the same time, such a design of the new profile bar enables its simple and inexpensive manufacture. You can also insert a wall between his angled legs in this way and, thanks to the holes, fix it securely, as well as pipes or cables, so that this continues to benefit the versatility of the applications.

So that screws or other connecting elements pass through the profile bar, so that they penetrate the entire profile, find a good hold in the profile bar and are easy to attach, it is expedient "if parallel sections of the profile are perforated so that the holes are aligned with one another, and that mutually aligned Lö that are equal to each other.

In order to ensure that profile bars of the new type have as many mutually covering holes and thus connection possibilities in each mutual position, the following four measures are of major advantage.

The first of these measures is that the holes are arranged in longitudinal rows, the distance from the center of the hole to the center of the hole being selected in such a way that the height of the profile in the web direction is an integral multiple thereof, and that the holes are adjacent Rows are at least offset in the longitudinal direction in the web. You can e.g. be offset by half a hole pitch so that the holes in every other row are at the same height. It is even advantageous if the profile height in the web direction is an even multiple of the distance from the center of the hole to the center of the hole, because then, especially with regard to the following measure, the dislocations in two profile bars that lie in any mutual position are in the same direction.

The second of these measures is that, at least in the web, the distances between adjacent rows of holes are selected so that they are the same or twice as large or partly the same, partly twice as large as the distance from hole center to hole center along a row of holes. It can easily be seen that this is particularly important for the connectivity of two intersecting profile bars. A distance from row of holes to row of holes that is twice the distance from the center of the hole to the center of the hole in a row is particularly worth considering where otherwise a row of holes would be in alignment with a leg portion of the profile that was angled twice and that would allow the screws to pass through Ways would be; the row of holes is expediently omitted there.

The third of these measures consists in that, at least in the web, the two outer rows of holes are at a distance from the adjacent profile edge which is equal to the distance between adjacent rows of holes. One can thereby easily connect adjacent profile bars with another, crossing them, because its holes then coincide with those of the former.

The fourth of these measures consists in that round holes and elongated holes alternate within each row, with an elongated hole covering and replacing at least two round holes in a row consisting only of round holes. It is advisable to make the width of the elongated holes equal to the diameter of the round holes, at most except the elongated holes of a row in each of the flanges of the profile, where a larger elongated hole width can be provided for particularly thick tie rods, then expediently in the row adjacent to the web . The arrangement of the holes in adjacent rows at least offset in the web then means that there is a round hole in the adjacent row next to an elongated hole in one row (and vice versa). The fact that round holes and elongated holes are arranged in this way ensures that when two such profile bars intersect at any angle, round holes and elongated holes of a suitable position that are suitable for connection with screws are always sufficiently available, without one too small holes for screws that would only be able to withstand low loads and too small hole spacings, which would result in a substantial reduction in the section modulus's resistance torque.

So that you can fasten walls, formwork, beams or the like made of wood or pressed board in or on the new profile rod, it is useful if it is also added the holes for the screws have nail holes of a correspondingly smaller diameter. For the known nail holes there are only the usual conditions, they are also suitable for wood screws of moderate diameter, their number can be significantly smaller than that of the holes for the load-bearing connecting screws, and wherever there is space for this, there is the given location for the nail holes.

The new profile bar can be manufactured by first cutting a sheet metal strip of the required width and length and punching the holes, and then cold-rolling it into the intended profile shape. This method has the advantage that all holes of a section can be punched together in a still flat workpiece, which can then be transported a section length to the next punching operation.

In most cases, structural steel is considered as the material for the new profile bar. In order to protect it from corrosion, one can use one of the known methods, i.e. the profile rod e.g. galvanize, spray with aluminum or apply an anti-rust coating. However, it should also be borne in mind that the more expensive manufacture of stainless steel saves post-treatment for manufacturing and possibly repairing the rust protection, greasing before use or before storage, etc., which at least partially compensates for the increase in price depending on the use, and that any remaining price increases are divided into many applications because the new profile bar can be used again and again.

The means of manufacturing the new profile bar would have been available many decades ago, and there can be no doubt about the need, as the new profile bar can be used for any, including high, requirements Manufacture loaded load-bearing and support structures in a simple manner, e.g. lifting cranes, pallets, overpasses, halls, houses, half-timbered buildings, grandstands, storage racks, containers, etc., and a particular advantage lies in the simple and rapid creation of provisional structures such as scaffolding, supports for bridge construction and makeshift bridges including those for military purposes. All of this serves the same profile rod of the new type, so that it can be kept in stock and is ready for use at any time for a wide variety of purposes; constructions thus produced can be dismantled at any time in a simple manner and without damaging the profiled bars, so that they can then be used again and again for the same or another purpose.

In the case of constructions that are not provisional but should remain, you can of course rivet or weld profile bars of the new type to one another; the holes in the profile bars can then be used for provisional connection by means of screws before welding, etc. In this case, the holes in the finished construction also serve to save weight, so that there is still the advantage that the new profile bar has a large section modulus with disproportionately low weight.

An embodiment of the new profile bar is on the attached drawing sheet in Fig. 1 in view of the web side, in Fig. 2 in section along the line AA, in Fig. 3 in view from below and in Fig. 4 in section along the line BB shown, while Fig. 5 and 6 show application examples for combination and connection of profile bars of the new type.

The profile bar shown in Fig. 1 - 4 consists of a web 1, there two flanges 2 and a first leg 3 and a second leg 4, which are angled from the flange 2 by 90 °. One can see holes arranged in rows, with round holes 5 and elongated holes 6 alternating along each row and being offset in web 1 from those of the neighboring row such that there is an elongated hole 6 of the neighboring row next to a round hole 5 of one row, and vice versa. Only in the flanges 2 are particularly wide elongated holes 7 in one row of holes, so that the new profile rod can also be used in special applications in which tie rods are to be passed through, which usually have a considerable diameter. Holes 5 - 7. in parallel profile sections are aligned with one another and are identical to one another so that screws can be passed through the entire profile, and one also recognizes that in the web 1 opposite the second legs 4 there is a row of holes each which would have space, is omitted because there the second legs 4 would be in the way of passing screws. Instead, you can see some small holes, which are not described in any more detail, which consequently have a comfortable place there and, if necessary, serve as nails or wood screws for attaching walls or the like. As you can see, a hole row spacing has been chosen in the flanges 2, which is twice as large as that in the middle part of the web 1, so that there is comfortably space for the wider elongated holes 7 and for further nail holes.

Of the masses shown in Fig. 2, the height a in the web direction is twice as large as the flange width b, and the dimension c over each of the first two legs 3 is a track smaller than a / 4, so that a second, same profile bar can insert on the flange side between the legs with little play (as Fig. 5c, d, f, and g it shows). The length d of the second leg 4 can be approximately equal to the dimension c mentioned. The same dimension a returns in Fig. 1 in the other direction, but there it extends over 8 hole divisions (center distances within each row of holes) g, the latter dimension is equal to 1/8 of the profile height in the web direction, and the elongated holes extend over two hole divisions g so that they take up the space of three round holes. The center distances i of the three middle rows of holes in Fig. 1 are equal to the hole pitch g, the center distance k to the outer two rows of holes is twice as large, and - the distance j of the center line of the outer rows of holes to the respective profile edge is equal to the center distances i and thus also the hole pitch g. In Figures 2-4, this mass can be found in the same meanings; in Fig. 2 it should be noted that the dimensions of the flanges 2 count from the inside of the web 1 so that the holes are aligned with those of an inserted second profile bar, so that screws can be passed through both profile bars.

The proportions listed above are by no means a mere game with numbers, but rather a very versatile applicability and the possibility is achieved that such profile bars can be attached to one another, inserted, crossed at different angles and branched off from one another and yet in In any case, the necessary or desired screw connections can be made without further ado, and without that an excessive number of holes that are too weak and possibly too small to accommodate them, holes that are too small for correspondingly weak screws should be provided. Screws with a diameter of 10 mm are still able to withstand heavy loads. Screws with a smaller diameter should be avoided for applications with substantially resilient support and support structures. For 10 mm screws, the round holes 5 provided in FIGS. 1-4 would have a diameter f of 10.5 to 11 mm, the elongated holes 6 would have the same width; however, just like the sheet thickness e, this depends on the overall dimensions of the profile and, together with these, on the required section modulus of the profile bar.

The example described represents only one of various possibilities for solving the problem, which lead to modified embodiments of the new profile rod, and which the person skilled in the art can easily develop on the basis of the teaching given here. The following dimensions were selected in a realized version of the profile bar shown in FIGS. 1-4:

This profile bar weighs 7.12 kg per meter length, its moment of inertia is J _x = 163 cm ⁴ and Jy = 44 cm ⁴ , and its section modulus is W _X = 26 cm ³ and W _y = 13 cm ³ .

FIG. 5 shows schematically in section and on a smaller scale than FIG. 2 some examples of the numerous possibilities for attaching and inserting profile bars of the new type; the screws serving to connect them are not shown. The examples a) - e) in Fig. 5 provide information on how such profile bars can be joined together in order to obtain a greater section modulus with the combination; the moments of resistance of the individual profile bars add up if they are only connected to each other at the ends of a beam combined in this way, while the resulting section modulus, except for example b), is considerably greater if the profile bars are spaced apart over their entire length connects. In this way you can handle modest as well as heavy loads with the same profile bars, which considerably simplifies storage. In example f) in Fig. 5, a simple branch is indicated, in example g) a reinforced crossing of two profile bars.

Fig. 6 shows schematically in perspective two examples of the numerous ways in which branches and crossings of profile bars of the new type can be designed. Again, the holes and the screws are not drawn, with which you can connect the profile bars in any case stable.

Claims (10)

1. Perforated profile bar made of metal, for the production of supporting and supporting structures of any kind and of barriers and borders,
characterized in that it is profiled and provided with holes [5, 6] in such a way that it branches off from it with a second, similar one, which is attached or inserted, or crosses it on one of its sides at any angle, without further ado and can be directly connected with at least two screws guided by overlapping holes in such a way that the connection, except in the context of the indispensable play of the screws in its holes, is neither displaceable nor pivotable under the action of a load. 2. Profile rod according to claim 1, characterized in that its profile consists of a web [1] and two flanges [2], that it is symmetrical to the axis across the web [1] through its center, and that it is a rectangle is described, wherein at least the outer boundaries of the flanges [2] coincide with a rectangular side, the length of which is equal to the flange width [b]. 3. Profile bar according to claim 2, characterized in that the height [a] of its profile in the web direction is twice as large as its flange width [b]. 4. Profile rod according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the flanges [2] on the web [1] are arranged in the manner of a U-profile, and that they are at their free ends facing away from the web [1] once or angled inwards at two right angles to legs [3, 4] in such a way that a distance remains between them into which a second, similar profile bar fits with little play on the flange side. 5. Profile rod according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that parallel sections of the profile are perforated so that the holes [5-7] are aligned with one another, and that holes aligned with one another are identical to one another. 6. Profile rod according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the holes [5-7] are arranged in longitudinal rows, the distance [g] from the center of the hole to the center of the hole being chosen within each row so that the height [a] of the profile in the web direction is an integral multiple thereof, and that the holes [5, 6] Adjacent rows are at least offset in the longitudinal direction in the web. 7. Profile bar according to claim 6, characterized in that at least in the web [1], the distances [i, k] between adjacent rows of holes are chosen so that they are the same or twice as large or partly the same, partly twice as large as the distance [g] from hole center to hole center along a row of holes. 8. Profile bar according to claim 7, characterized in that at least in the web [1] the two outer rows of holes have a distance [j] from the respectively adjacent profile edge, which is equal to the distance [i or k] between adjacent rows of holes. S. Profile rod according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that within each row of round holes [5] and elongated holes (6, 7] alternate with each other, wherein an elongated hole covers and replaces at least two round holes of a row consisting only of round holes. 10. The method for producing the profile bar according to claim 1, characterized in that first a sheet metal strip is cut to the required width and length and the holes are punched in, and that it is subsequently brought into the intended profile shape by cold rolling.

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