EP0151409A1 - Demountable door hinge for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dismountable motor-vehicle door hinge which is kept closed in the normal working range by means of a positive connection which can be cancelled outside this working range. It is consequently possible to unhinge an already adjusted motor- vehicle door, for example after lacquering, without a loss of positioning. In a development of the invention, a door fixer or a door-opening limiter is integrated in the hinge in conjunction with the positive connection and substantially improves the resistance to a complete destruction of the hinge, for example in the event of an accident. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a removable vehicle door hinge, which consists of a frame part, a door part and a pin that connects the two parts in an articulated manner, the door part being removable from the frame part in a preassembled state without loss of position.

In the automotive industry, the bodies prepared for painting are almost exclusively painted in immersion baths, with doors, hoods or lids already installed, but kept in a slightly open position so that there are no imperfections in the paint if touched. The bodies are then completed, e.g. B. provided with the drive and with the interior.

In this work, the doors in particular are at risk of damage because, for. B. with a four-door body, all parts for the front interior on the outside of the rear door must be transported along. In addition, a body moved with a door open on a conveyor belt much more space than a body with doors hung. In the latter state, namely, all parts to be assembled can be stored closer to the body and transported in a shorter way into the vehicle, so that a considerable saving in hall space is possible during final assembly with the doors unhooked.

Some automobile manufacturers have therefore started to remove the doors after painting, for example by knocking out the hinge pin, to complete them separately and later to hang the doors in again after completing the remaining bodywork for a complete automobile by driving in the corresponding hinge pins. Deviating from this, a door hinge has become known in which the pin hanging from the door part is temporarily lifted out of the frame part of the hinge and immovably fixed in the frame part in the final assembly of the pin. can be strengthened, the hinge movement then taking place between the pin and the door part.

In both cases, the basic adjustment of the door with respect to the bodywork, which was determined before painting, is retained, but one type of temporary door separation from the bodywork is very cumbersome, while the other type requires a relatively complex hinge construction, which is what is associated with relatively high costs; after all, at least 4 door hinges are used per vehicle, and even 8 with four-door bodies.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a removable motor vehicle door hinge of the type mentioned at the outset, which is simple in construction, in which the insertion and removal process can be carried out very easily and which can be expanded to form a door hinge with a closed power frame.

To achieve this object, the invention proposes that the bolt in the frame part is already immovably fastened in the preassembled state and that a positive connection is provided between the frame part and the door part, which is canceled when the hinge is positioned outside the area specified by a door opening limiter is.

Due to the positive connection between the frame part and the door part, the motor vehicle door hinge according to the invention can only be plugged together in a certain angular position of these two parts. This angular position corresponds to a door position with respect to the body, which is later not accessible in normal operation due to a door arrester acting as an area limiter. In this respect, there is also no risk of the door being unintentionally detached from the body once the normal swivel range has been reached and determined by the door arrester.

To form the positive connection, in particular the frame part is provided with a projection and the door part with a corresponding cutout, although of course the positive connection can also be achieved in the reverse manner, in which case the frame part carries the cutout and the door part carries the projection. Regardless of this, a particularly simple bolt can be used, which is knurled for fastening in the frame part and rounded at its other end to form a dome in order to facilitate threading the door part.

The positive locking present in the normal opening area of the doors provided with the door hinge according to the invention creates favorable conditions for integrating a door arrester and even, as will be described in more detail below, a pivoting range limiter.

In a further development of the invention it is provided that the projection is formed like a sector of a circle and is provided on its underside on a constant radius with respect to the central axis of the bolt, with recesses into which a resilient element is optionally immersed, which protrudes from the lower boundary surface of the cutout in the door part. The resilient element can be designed as a spring-loaded pin with a rounded tip, the z. B. is held elastically with the help of disc springs or a strong coil spring. Immersion in one of the recesses leads to a certain locking of the door, which can be overcome with the appropriate effort.

In addition to this or with the inclusion of this device, according to an additional development of the invention, the projection for forming a door opening limiter can be provided with a threshold, and a locking member can be arranged within the cutout, which prevents the door hinge from being pivoted into the limited area Threshold is overcome automatically. The locking member can be the aforementioned pin or another elastic member, provided that it can produce a pawl-like connection in connection with the threshold.

In the case of a very advantageous connection of the opening limiter to the arrester, the depressions are arranged in a groove, one end of the groove forming the threshold to which an incline or ramp leads, so that the locking member in the form of a resilient step can snap into the groove without great hindrance, but can no longer leave the groove without manipulation of the pin itself or on its resilient holder. This type of design of the door hinge according to the invention brings about an additional strength of the hinge due to the positive connection between the groove and the locking member, which, however, only becomes effective after a certain deformation. However, in a case of damage, the deformation is slight until the additional effect of this connection to increase the cohesion, for example in the event of an accident, so that the overall functionality of the door hinge should not be impaired.

• Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht, teilweise im Schnitt eines Kfz-Türscharniers gemäß der Erfindung,
• Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf das Türscharnier gem. Fig. 1,
• Figur 3 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für das Türteil des erfindungsgemäßen Türscharniers,
• Figur 4 eine Ansicht gemäß Fig. 1 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Türscharniers,
• Figur 5 eine "Ansicht von unten auf das Rahmenteil eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Türscharniers,
• Figur 6 eine abgewickelte Schnittansicht entlang der Nut 21, dargestellt in der Fig. 5 und
• Figur 7 eine Seitenansicht gem. Fig. 1 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung mit geringfügig verschwenkbarem Bolzen.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention which are illustrated in the drawing are explained in more detail below; show in the drawing:

• FIG. 1 shows a side view, partly in section, of a motor vehicle door hinge according to the invention,
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the door hinge acc. Fig. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the door part of the door hinge according to the invention,
• FIG. 4 shows a view according to FIG. 1 of a further exemplary embodiment of a door hinge according to the invention,
• FIG. 5 shows a "bottom view of the frame part of a further exemplary embodiment of the door hinge according to the invention,
• Figure 6 is a developed sectional view along the groove 21, shown in Fig. 5 and
• Figure 7 is a side view. Fig. 1 of a further embodiment of the invention with slightly pivotable bolt.

The door hinge shown in Figure 1 according to the invention consists essentially of a frame part 1, a door part 2 and a bolt 3 which is firmly anchored in a base on the frame part 1. The frame part 1 and the door part 2 are provided with holes (not shown) and are screwed onto a vehicle body or a door at the appropriate point. There is a plastic bushing 5 between the bolt 3 and the bore 8 (FIG. 3) in the door part, which serves for corrosion protection and permanent lubrication. A collar is formed on its lower edge, which provides a corresponding spacing from the base on the frame part 1.

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the door part 2 can be separated from the frame part 1 only in the position shown, e.g. for the separate completion of the door after painting the body shell in the assembled state. Only in this hinge position is a cutout 6 in the door part 2 with a shoulder 9 outside a projection 7 on the frame part 1; in all other pivoting areas, the cutout 6 and the projection 7 form a positive connection, which prevents an axial displacement of the door part upwards.

In Fig. 2 two further positions of the door part 2 are shown with dashed lines, which represent the limits of the usual pivot angle α. The pivoted-open position is determined in a conventional manner by a door opening limiter which, for example, allows the door to be opened by 80 °. So that the door when unhooked or dismantled door opening limiter is not damaged on the rest of the body, a nose 13 is formed on the door part 2, which strikes the base plate of the frame part 1 before there is a contact between the door and the rest of the body. Immediately before the nose 13 strikes the frame part 1, the hinge according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can be dismantled by lifting the door part 2 and mounted on the bolt 3 by threading it.

3 shows a modification of the door part 2. The lower leg of the cutout 6 is provided with a plastic cover 11, which is locked in corresponding grooves 12. The plastic coating 11 prevents direct contact between the door part 2 and the frame part 1, so that the corresponding contact surfaces are mutually protected and permanently lubricated with the aid of the bolt 3, similar to the articulation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a door arrester is integrated in the door hinge. For this purpose, a plate 15 is fixedly attached to the frame part 1 below the base, on the underside of which 3 recesses, i6, are embedded in a predetermined radius to the central axis of the bolt. In a sleeve-like thickening 18 at the lower end of the cutout 6 of the door part 2, a pin 19 is resiliently mounted, the free end of which is rounded to a dome. In the swivel angle range denoted by α in FIG. 2, the pin 19 engages in the recesses 16, whereby the angular position of the door part 2 relative to the frame part 1 is releasably fixed in analogy to the position of the recesses 16. Otherwise, the plate 15 is similar to the projection 7 shown in FIG. 2, so the positive locking between the plate 15 and the cutout 6 is successful outside the normal swivel angle ex.

In particular, the spring-loaded pin 19 can be used to additionally integrate a door opening limiter into the door hinge. This requires a special design of a plate 15 ', the underside of which is shown in FIG. 5. Here, the depressions 16 lie within a groove 21, the front boundary of which is formed by a threshold 22 to which a slope 23 leads upwards.

6 is a development of the groove 21 to a straight line and to illustrate the thickening 18 with the spring-loaded pin 19 of the door part 2 in the intended, relative position to it, the situation shown relates to a door position in which Form fit between the door part 2 and the frame part 1 is canceled. When the door part 2 is rotated in the direction of the normal pivoting angle α (see FIG. 2), the pin 19 moves on a radius around the bolt 3 towards the bevel 23, on which it automatically slides up until it passes behind the threshold the groove 21 engages, more precisely, into the first recess 16. By latching behind the threshold 22, pivoting back out of the angular range α is excluded, unless the pin 19 is raised by an appropriate tool or the spring tension is released .

The middle of the three recesses 16 serves to hold the door in a central region, while the recess 22 which is furthest away from the threshold 22 z. B. can be used for the painting process, in which the door is only slightly open, which later for practical operating area is irrelevant. Deviating from the illustration, notches or the like can also be arranged instead of the depressions 16, because then the pin 19 is accordingly designed as a blunt cutting edge or the like.

Within the swivel angle a, the connection formed from the pin 19 and the groove 21 acts as an additional safeguard against a drastic deformation of the entire hinge. The prerequisite for this is a vigorous formation of the components forming this connection and a certain initial deformation until the pin 19 sliding in the groove 21: can actually transmit holding forces. However, this initial deformation is so small that the functionality of the hinge is not impaired after it has occurred. In the development according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the motor vehicle door hinge according to the invention can therefore be regarded as a hinge with a closed force frame.

In the above-described exemplary embodiments of a door hinge according to the invention, it can happen that the two bolts 3 of two hinges required for holding a door are not exactly aligned with one another, that is to say are not arranged coaxially. The lack of coaxiality does not yet prevent the door from being hung in, since the door parts can also have a lack of coaxiality in the hanging position. Only when the door is pivoted does this lack of alignment begin to take effect, for example by bending the bolt 3 or by crushing the sleeve 5.

In order to counteract this phenomenon, in a further development, which is shown in FIG. 7, a slightly pivotably mounted bolt 3 'is proposed to compensate for any errors in the alignment can To receive the bolt 3 'in the projection 7, a blind hole is provided in the projection, into which a spherical section 26 with a low preload is attached. Following the ball section 26, there is a shaft 27 which is surrounded by an elastic bushing 28 which, for example, consists of polyurethane or a relatively hard rubber mixture. At the lower end of the actual hinge area 29 there is a collar 30 on which the door part (not shown) rests.

If a pivoting force is exerted on the bolt 3 ′ by the door part, there is a pendulum movement around the center of the spherical section 26, the elastic bushing 28 being deformed accordingly by the shaft 27. The possible deformation path should in no way allow a negligent assembly to be promoted, but merely to reduce undesired peak loads on the bolt, which in certain cases cannot be avoided even with careful assembly. Because of its perpendicularity to the hinge area 29, the collar 30 ensures that the door part always lies evenly, even if the bolt 3 'is pivoted.

It has proven to be expedient to produce the bolt 3 or 3 'from corrosion-resistant steel, that is to say from an austenitic or ferritic steel, which, compared to the bearing sleeves 5 used for door hinges, made of a 3-component layer material have shown very good friction properties. In any case, the galvanized steel bolts are superior, which have been used so far, if corrosion protection is provided at this point at all.

Claims (16)

1. Removable motor vehicle door hinge, consisting of a frame part, a door part and a pin articulately connecting both parts, the door part being removable from the frame part in a preassembled state without loss of positioning, characterized in that the pin (3) in the frame part ( 1) is already immovably fastened in the preassembled state, and that between the frame part (1) and the door part (2) a positive connection (6, 7) is provided, which is canceled when the hinge is positioned outside the area specified by a door opening limiter . 2. Door hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame part (1) with a projection (7) and the door part (2) is provided with a corresponding cutout (6) to form the positive connection. 3. Door hinge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bolt (3) is rounded at its free end to facilitate threading. 4. Door hinge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolt (3) in the frame part (1) is held by knurling (4). 5. Door hinge according to one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the projection (7) is formed like a sector of a circle and is provided on its underside on a constant radius to the central axis of the bolt with recesses 116), and that from the lower boundary surface of the cutout (6) in the door part (2) protrudes a resilient element (19) which plunges into the depressions. 6. Door hinge according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the projection (15) for forming a door opening limiter is provided with a threshold (22), and that a locking member (19) is arranged within the cutout (6), the when the hinge is pivoted into the limited area, the threshold (22) automatically overcomes. 7. Door hinge according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the locking member (19) is designed as a resilient element which cooperates with the recesses (16) in the projection (15). 8. Door hinge according to claim 7, characterized in that the recesses (16) are arranged in a groove (21), and that one end of the groove (21) forms the threshold (22). 9. Door hinge according to one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the resilient element or the locking member consists of an axially parallel to the pin axis movable pin (19) with a rounded cap. 10. Door hinge according to one of claims 6-9, characterized in that the outside of the threshold (22) is provided with a slope (23) for the locking member (19). 11. Door hinge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a closed or open plastic sleeve (5) is arranged between the hinge portion of the door part (2) and the bolt (3). 12. Door hinge according to one of claims 2-11, characterized in that the cutout (6) or the projection (7) on the contact surfaces resulting in vertically upward forces bear a plastic coating (11) or a plastic insert. 13. Door hinge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the articulated section of the door part (2) is provided with a nose (13) which strikes the frame part (1) outside the limited pivoting area of the door. 14. Door hinge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolt (3 ') is pivoted slightly in the frame part (1). 15. Door hinge according to claim 14, characterized in that the bolt (3 ') is guided over a spherical section (26) in the projection (7) and is supported by means of an elastic bushing (28), and that at the lower end of the hinge area ( 29) a collar (30) is provided. 16. Door hinge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolt (3, 3 ') consists of corrosion-resistant steel.

Images