EP0034185B1 - Loadbearing partition elements for buildings and building constructed of such elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a load-bearing wall element for buildings consisting of a four-column, floor-high frame stiffened by horizontal frame parts and oblique struts, and an outer and / or inner lining to be fastened to it. From US-A-1 988 253 load-bearing wall elements are known which have a frame of four supports each. These supports can be stiffened by horizontal frame parts and oblique struts and outer and / or inner linings can be attached to them. Furthermore, it is known from this US-A-1 988 253 to manufacture and transport such load-bearing wall elements in one piece up to the floor.

The upright supports according to this known type are fastened to a common anchoring part or fastening part, by means of which they can be connected together with a foundation or a roof structure.

The upright supports are fastened to the common anchoring part or fastening part with a rigid fastening, for. B. by welded connections.

Because of these welded connections of the supports to the common fastening part, and because of the rigid fastening of the outer and inner linings to the supports, the known wall element is extremely rigid.

This has the disadvantage that the supports of the wall element cannot compensate for vibrations and / or displacements of the subsurface, and that the supports must therefore be designed to be oversized to absorb such changes.

To avoid this disadvantage, the invention has for its object to provide a load-bearing wall element for the construction of buildings and corresponding buildings from such load-bearing wall elements that are very simple in construction and manufacture, in which only a small number of slightly varying elements are required, and also for z. B. earthquake-proof buildings with a relatively low thickness of the individual supports of the wall element.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a wall element of the type mentioned at the outset in that each of the four supports has a plug-in connection for foundations, corresponding supports above or below wall elements or roof or reinforcement structures. Windows or doors as well as neighboring wall elements are connected to the corresponding supports by means of clamps and the outer or inner cladding is hung on horizontal frame parts by means of hooks and connected by means of a web leading between them.

Because on the one hand each of the four supports of the wall element is supported separately by its plug-in connection on the foundation or the wall elements arranged underneath, and on the other hand the windows or outer and inner claddings are movably fastened to the supports by clamps, hooks or webs, the supports can independently continue to perform their load-bearing function even in the event of vibrations or slight displacements of the surface, without the wall element as a whole thereby being affected.

This creates a self-supporting, stable and, on the other hand, elastic structure consisting of elements that are easy to assemble and handle, and which under the influence of earthquakes, wind, water-containing or other unsafe building ground u. The like. Has extraordinarily great advantages over the known wall elements.

It is particularly advantageous if the horizontal distance between the supports of the wall element is in each case approximately 1 m. This distance is sufficient for the attachment of windows and doors between the supports and, on the other hand, means that the supports can take large loads, but remain so small in profile that they can be accommodated comfortably in the wall element.

In order to construct buildings with this wall element, at least two such load-bearing wall elements are arranged opposite one another so that the lower side of the four supports with their plug-in connection with fastening means of foundations arranged in two independent rows and the upper side with their plug-in connection, optionally via the supports further load-bearing wall elements, is connected to a stiffening or roof structure.

In this way, according to the invention, both very small buildings and large multi-storey buildings can be produced with the load-bearing wall elements. It is essential that the foundations can be produced in a very simple form, because for the lower plug-in connections of the supports only fasteners or the like arranged in rows have to be provided. These foundations can be produced in a very simple manner by digging a trench and filling it with concrete and placing fastening elements for the plug-in connections at a distance from the supports, preferably at a distance of 1 m.

The supports of the individual wall elements can be designed in a manner known per se from FR-A-1 491 339 as tubes which are open on both sides and, if appropriate, connecting pieces provided with a bulge in the middle can be provided for insertion into the open tube ends of the supports or the foundations .

Multi-storey buildings in particular can be characterized according to the invention by two further rows of fasteners on corresponding foundations at a distance of about 6 m from each other and about 3 m each from the first two rows of fasteners on the foundations with which the fasteners of the supports from others load-bearing wall elements are connected or of supports, which preferably support 3 m long horizontal beams. There is then a building with a very large, 6 m wide interior, which can be divided as desired, and 3 m wide rooms on the side, whereby if supports are used for 3 m long beams, the total space is even 12 m wide and on the side only consoles are attached.

It is particularly advantageous to attach a stiffening structure, preferably in the form of a trapezoidal sheet, to the top of the room cells or wall elements. This ensures great stability and enables a simple roof construction, possibly also a flat roof. The trapezoidal sheet advantageously spans fields of 3 m, 6 m and 3 m in one piece between the wall elements or the supports.

With such a construction, according to the invention, the supports can be designed as tubes which have a diameter of approximately 6 cm for a single-storey building at a distance of 1 m and a diameter of approximately 8 to 10 cm and for buildings of up to six storeys at a distance of 1 m have a diameter of 10 to 15 cm at a distance of 3 m.

The invention is further characterized by perpendicular to the load-bearing, non-load-bearing wall elements, in which the supports are replaced by vertical frame parts. Both the load-bearing and the non-load-bearing wall elements can then be produced in practically the same way and there are very few types, e.g. B. with a window, with a door u. Like., required. It is particularly advantageous that, according to the invention, all wall elements with a width of approximately 3 m and a height of approximately 2.40 m can be produced, so that there is the possibility of transporting them in normal trucks without the need for special transport vehicles .

According to a further feature of the invention, two load-bearing and two non-load-bearing wall elements form four load-bearing space cells arranged on the corners of the building, which can be prefabricated as such or assembled only at the construction site.

In this way, a building is formed in which the room cells themselves support the roof structure. Such buildings have the advantage that they can be assembled from prefabricated parts in a simple manner.

From DE-A-1 684 910 it is known per se to form spatial cells from supports, foundations and stiffening plates.

However, the known buildings of this type formed from such room cells have the disadvantage that the prefabricated room cells and the other structural parts are very large and can only be transported from the production site to the construction site using special vehicles. In addition, the manufacture of the room cells as well as the roof structure and the attachment of the roof structure is so complicated that they cannot be carried out by unskilled workers, particularly in developing countries.

In the building according to the invention, however, both the manufacture of the prefabricated parts and the assembly of these parts are largely simplified and the transport of the prefabricated parts from the manufacturing site to the construction site can be carried out without great effort. There are great variations in the layout of the building.

Advantageously, additional, completely or incompletely designed, at least partially load-bearing room cells arranged between the corner cells can be provided, as well as wall elements arranged between the room cells or, instead of the wall elements arranged on the inside, supports at the level of the upper edge of the room cell walls facing inwards.

According to the invention, the room cells have an approximately square base area, the edge length of the room cell walls and the wall elements advantageously being a maximum of 3 m and the height being approximately 2.40 m. Space cells of this size or wall elements for their manufacture can be transported on normal trucks, so that no special vehicles are required for the transport from the manufacturing site to the construction site. The formation of square room cells has the additional advantage that the same wall elements can be used for their production as are also provided to supplement the room cells.

According to a further feature of the invention, in particular the inward walls of the room cells can be designed as water walls. This has the advantage that the room cell can then be designed as a sanitary cell, for example, while the fittings required for a kitchen can be attached to the outer wall. Such wet cells can also be conveniently prefabricated and transported.

It is also advantageous to design the room cells, in particular the corner cells, as sleeping cells, since the aforementioned dimensions of 3 x 3 m make it possible to comfortably accommodate two beds and the associated cupboards.

The roof construction can be arbitrary in itself. For example, a known roof construction can be used, in which a horizontal leg of the roof truss rests on the room cells while one is blunt Legs running at an angle to it cover the interior between the room cells and a rafter arranged above connects the two outer ends of the legs to one another.

However, it is particularly advantageous to arrange fastening devices for roof racks arranged at a distance, which are covered with roof panels, on the room cells or wall elements. The individual and identical roof racks are also very easy to manufacture and easy to transport.

Roof racks are preferably attached to the upper edge of the inwardly facing, opposite room cell walls or to associated constructions which run at the same height, it being advantageous for the roof racks to be provided with pins which fit into the open tube ends of the associated supports of the wall elements. According to the invention, the roof racks can have a length of about 6 m. Roof racks of this type are, on the one hand, easy to transport and, on the other hand, allow the formation of a large room or, by appropriate division, several rooms between the room cells. The constructions connected to the room cells can consist of the wall elements or of the beams between adjacent room cells at the level of the upper edge of the room cell walls facing inwards.

It is particularly easy to let the top edges of the side walls of the roof cells carrying the space cells run at the same inclination as the top edge of the roof bars. Part of the roof structure can then already be manufactured in the manufacturing facility. This applies in particular if the room cells supporting the roof racks or the corresponding constructions are each covered with partial roofs. According to the invention, the roof racks can be covered with roof tiles that partially overlap the partial roofs. In this way, the roof covering can be made in the simplest way.

According to a further feature of the invention, the roof racks are arranged at intervals of approximately 1 m each. The beams can then be carried out very easily and simply and there are no static problems.

According to the invention, the connection of adjacent wall elements can also be made very simply by means of brackets attached to the outer supports. In the event that no corresponding element is arranged under a wall element, that is, an opening for a larger space is required in the lower floor, according to the invention, the outer supports of the corresponding wall element and the outer supports of the two adjacent wall elements on each facing sides with an elastic contact adhesive before attaching the clamps. You can save the attachment of a support under the corresponding wall elements.

According to the invention, load-bearing room cells are arranged at intervals of at most two 24 m in the direction of the roof ridge. This results in great variation options for the division of the space between the room cells.

The foundations can be designed in any way. According to the invention, they have fastening devices for the supports of the wall elements. These can advantageously be designed as insertion openings, in particular in the form of tube ends for the connecting pieces with the supports.

According to the invention, pile foundations can be arranged particularly easily under the supports. Very easy to manufacture but above all, under the walls arranged parallel to the roof ridge, arranged concrete foundations with fasteners for the supports, which can be easily manufactured in such a way that a trench is drawn in the ground, which is poured with concrete and into which Fasteners are then introduced.

An earthquake-proof building can be characterized according to the invention by a rigid frame made of four beams with fastening means for the supports, which are attached under the walls parallel to the roof ridge, and cross beams connecting them, the frame being connected to the foundation by at least four prestressed springs . The entire construction can then follow vibrations without causing damage.

The cladding of the building or the wall elements according to the invention takes place in that the outer and inner cladding are suspended from the horizontal frame parts by means of hooks. The hooks can also be used to attach scaffolding parts before hanging the cladding, so that the installation of a separate scaffolding can be saved when erecting the building. The same hooks can also be used to attach lines, fittings and. Like. Serve in the wall elements.

It is particularly advantageous to connect the outer and inner cladding to one another via a web leading through the insulation. The paneling is then only connected to the frame parts via the insulation. In this way, the insulation acts as a shock absorber between the inner and outer cladding and the construction formed from the wall elements. This forms a self-supporting, stable and elastic structure (monocoque) consisting of easy-to-assemble and handle elements, which, together with the non-rigid attachment of the cladding, offers extraordinarily great advantages in the event of effects from earthquakes, wind, water-containing building ground and the like. the like

• Fig.1 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Grundform eines Gebäudes nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Dachträgers für das Gebäude nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 3 zeigt Beispiele für Wandelemente für das Gebäude nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel für ein Wandelement für das Gebäude nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 5 zeigt schematisch Befestigungsmittel für die Stützen, Fundamente und Dachkonstruktion in Form von Einsteckverbindungen.
• Fig.6 ist ein Schnitt durch einen Teil eines Wandelementes und zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Befestigung der Verkleidung.
• Fig. 7 ist ein Schnitt entsprechend Fig. 6, der ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel für die Befestigung der Verkleidung zeigt.
• Fig. 8 ist eine Perspektive eines teilweise abgebrochenen Gebäudes gemäß der Erfindung.
• Fig. 9 ist ein Grundriß eines Geschosses des Gebäudes nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 10 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Fundamentrahmens für das Gebäude nach der Erfindung.

In the drawings, embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are, for example shown.

• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a basic shape of a building according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a roof rack for the building according to the invention.
• Fig. 3 shows examples of wall elements for the building according to the invention.
• Fig. 4 shows another example of a wall element for the building according to the invention.
• Fig. 5 shows schematically fasteners for the supports, foundations and roof structure in the form of plug-in connections.
• Figure 6 is a section through part of a wall element and shows an embodiment for the attachment of the panel.
• Fig. 7 is a section corresponding to Fig. 6, showing another embodiment for the attachment of the panel.
• 8 is a perspective of a partially demolished building in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 9 is a floor plan of a floor of the building according to the invention.
• Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a foundation frame for the building according to the invention.

In the simplest embodiment of the building according to the invention, room cells 1 to 4 are each arranged on the building corners (FIG. 1). At their corners they are on four foundations, e.g. B. 5 to 8, supported and carry on their wall elements, for. B. 9 to 14, formed side walls four roof racks 15 to 18th

The carriers 15 to 18 can be reinforced in any known manner. Instead of the supports shown in the form of an isosceles triangle, the supports 19 shown in FIG. 2 can also be used, which can be assembled at the construction site and consequently have a shorter length during transport.

Even shorter carrier lengths result if the supporting cells with walls, e.g. B. 20, 27, perpendicular to the ridge, the upper edge of which is chamfered and at the angle of the inclination of the roof to be manufactured. A partial roof 22, 23 is already attached to these cells in the manufacturing facility.

The corresponding walls, e.g. B. 24, 25, of cells 26, 27, which form a floor below it, are rectangular or square. The length and width of these cells is about 3 m each, the height is about 2.30 m. The same applies to room cells 28, 29 which are not arranged at the corners and to wall elements which have outer partition walls, e.g. B. 30, 31, inner partitions, e.g. B. 32,33 and 34, and transverse walls, for. B. 35, form.

The wall elements of the inner walls, e.g. B. 36, the spatial cells of the upper floor have fastenings for roof rack 37, which are covered with plates 38, 39, which overlap the partial roofs 22, 23 somewhat. Likewise, roof panels 40, 41 are overlapped, which are arranged between the room cells and the associated wall elements.

Instead of the partition walls, supports 42, which are attached between the room cells or the room cells and a wall element 35 forming an inner partition wall, can also be used.

The attachment of such supports 42 can be avoided in multi-storey buildings by applying an elastic contact adhesive to the outer supports 91, 92 on the outer sides of the wall element, under which there is no intermediate wall; a corresponding layer is placed on the outer sides of the outer supports, e.g. B. 114, the adjacent wall elements. If the supports are then connected with clamps 87, 88, 89, the connection is so stable that support by a carrier is no longer required.

Fig. 2 shows that the room cells and the partition walls can be produced with a small number of wall elements. The wall elements 43 serve to clad the end face of the building of FIG. 8, where they are omitted for the sake of clarity. Doors 44 shown in dashed lines can be provided in these wall elements.

The wall elements 45, 46 can be used for the walls, e.g. B. 20, 21, can be provided on the upper floor. The wall elements 47 to 49 can be used for walls perpendicular to the ridge, such as. B. 24,25,35.

The load-bearing wall elements 50, 51 form the outer and inner walls arranged parallel to the ridge of the roof.

All wall elements are provided with doors, windows and struts in the same way, so that they can be manufactured very easily in series production. The load-bearing wall elements 50 and 51 also have supports at a distance of 1 m, for. B. 52, 53, 54, 55, which have fasteners 56 to 63 at their upper and lower ends, each of which can be connected to corresponding fasteners on the wall elements, the foundations or a roof or stiffening structure.

The supports can be kept so small even in multi-storey buildings that the wall elements do not become too thick after cladding by inner and outer panels and the installation of the required insulation.

Slightly stronger supports 64, 65 must be used for the carrier 42.

Fig. 4 shows a wall element 90 with supports 91 to 94 and a window 98, in which a reinforcement by bent iron bars, for. B. 140, 141 is provided. The welding of such iron bars to the supports 91 to 94 is very simple and cheap. Fig. 4 also shows the connection of the supports 92 and 114 of two adjacent wall elements by means of clamps 87 to 89. This connection is very easy to produce. The doubling of the supports on each Outside of the wall elements has the advantage that it is reinforced and the supports as such can be thinner than if only one support were present. In addition, all wall elements can be produced in the same way.

On the foundations 66 to 69 (Fig. 8) are fasteners, for. B. 70 to 73, provided for the fasteners 60 to 63 of the supports 52 to 55 of the wall element 50. For the supports of the other wall elements, corresponding fasteners are provided on the foundations.

The foundations 66 to 69 can be produced in a very simple manner by digging a trench in the direction of the walls parallel to the ridge. This trench is filled with concrete and the screw connections, e.g. B. 70 to 73, introduced for the supports. After the concrete has hardened, the wall elements can then be put on and fastened to the screw connections with their supports. Accordingly, the supports of the parts forming the upper floor can be fastened to the screw connections of the supports of the parts of the lower floor.

Then the roof racks 37 can then be put on, these roof racks also being able to be arranged at a distance of 1 m each, so that each roof rack is supported by a support.

FIG. 5 shows a plug-in connection for fastening the supports 110, 111 to the foundations of the roof structure 37. An elongated pin 95 is provided on the roof structure, which can be inserted into the support 111 formed from a tube. A connecting piece 96 with a bead 112 has a corresponding diameter, so that insertion into the upper opening of the support 110 and into the lower opening of the support 111 is possible. Another connector 97 sits in the tube end 113 of a concrete pile foundation and can be inserted into the lower end of the support 110. When using such plug-in connections, assembly is extremely quick. It is normally not necessary to secure the plug-in connection. If a stronger wind is expected, it can be secured using split pins.

FIG. 9 shows a frame 100, welded together from six U-beams, for earthquake-proof buildings. This frame is mounted on eight spring foundations 101 to 108 and has in the simplest case 10 fastening devices, z. B. 126, for the supports on the wall elements according to Fig. If a total length of the building of 9 m is provided.

Trapezoidal sheets arranged for reinforcement between the storeys are schematically indicated in FIG. 8 by the boundary lines 74, 75.

The outer and inner cladding can be done in very different ways. Plates 123 and 124 are expediently attached to the inside and outside of the wall panels, which can serve as a base for further cladding or for plaster layers. The plates then also hold insulations 126, 127 which can be applied to the structural parts of the wall elements from both sides. The insulation not only offers sound and heat insulation, but also fire protection for the steel pipes of the wall elements.

If, according to FIG. 6, the eyelets 123 and 124 are fitted with eyelets 133 and 132, these can be hooked into hooks 134, 135, which in turn are hooked into horizontal frame parts 121, 122. The cladding is then movably arranged in relation to the frame construction of the wall elements, but of course is kept in place by the insulation.

Corresponding hooks 134, 135 can be used to hang pipes, fittings, lines and the like in the wall elements. Here, too, there is the advantage that the suspension is flexible and the risk of damage is considerably reduced.

The hooks 134, 135 can also be used during the assembly of the wall elements to hang up running boards. It is then not necessary to set up a special scaffold. If one in the upper opening of a support, e.g. B. 111, a winch, which is similar to the roof structure 37 is provided with a pin 95, so wall elements can be moved in a very simple manner during assembly.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, the outer cladding 123 and the inner cladding 124 are connected to one another via a web 128. The web can be threaded and held on the outside with a nut 130. On the other hand, he can carry a wooden strip 129, to which one can then conveniently nail the inner lining 124.

The floor plan of the building according to the invention can be varied widely. In the building shown in FIG. 9, the room cells 26, 27, 76, 77 arranged at the corners each form sleeping cells in which two beds 78, 79 and two cupboards 80, 81 are comfortably accommodated in the chosen base area of 3 × 3 m can.

The room cell 28 is designed as a staircase, while the room cell 29 forms a kitchen 95 '.

Wall elements 43 with entrance doors 44 on the end walls form a large living space, in the present case a wall 83 dividing this space so that two complete apartments are created. The room cell wall elements 84 to 89 are designed as water walls, so that kitchens 29 and 90 'and bathrooms 91' and 92 'can be formed by corresponding partition walls, niches that are not completely by the Mit are separated, can be formed by transverse walls 35 and 93 and support 42.

The wall elements for room cells and partitions can be produced in a simple manner by first producing a frame, for example from the outer supports and horizontal struts. In this frame, further horizontal and diagonal braces or braces made of bent iron bars can be attached. Cross braces and supports can then be welded on at right angles to this and so on until the truss is made for all four walls of the room cell. The fittings for the water wall can then be inserted and the electrical wiring carried out.

Cladding panels can then be attached inside and out.

You can also first prefabricate only the wall elements 43 to 51 and then only assemble the room cells at the construction site, which, as described, can be done very simply by means of a connection using clamps.

The production of the room cells as well as the wall elements can be carried out in a very simple manner on lifting platforms, whereby small workshops equipped with an overhead crane can be used. The production can be carried out by unskilled personnel, especially in developing countries. Because of the large interior, buildings of the invention can also be used as workshops. The initial equipment can also be brought in from remote manufacturing facilities because the individual parts can be transported on conventional motor vehicles.

Claims (24)

1. Loadbearing wallboard for abuilding consisting of a framework comprising four stanchions (52-55, 91-94), having the height of one floor and being stiffened by means of horizontal framework members (121, 122) and inclined struts, as well as of an internal and/or external covering (123, 124) connectable to the framework, characterized in that

- each of the four stanchions comprises a plug-in connector for the foundation (70, 73), corresponding stanchions of wallboards arranged over or under the wallboard or for a roof construction or a stiffening construction, respectively,

- windows (98) or doors, respectively, as well as adjacent wallboards are connected to the corresponding stanchions by means of clamps (87-89) and

- the external or internal covering (123, 124), respectively, are suspended from horizontal frame members (121, 122) by means of hooks (134, 135) or are connected to the frame members for a flexible connection by means of an arm (128) extending through an insulation (126,127) filling up the clearance.

2. Loadbearing wallboard according to claim 1, characterized in that the interval between the stanchions (52-55, 91-94) is about 1 metre.

3. A building comprising loadbearing wallboards according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two mutually facing loadbearing wallboards (50) which are connected by the fixing means (60-63) at the lower ends of their stanchions (52-55) to fixing means (70-73) arranged in two rows, of the foundations (68, 69), and by the fixing means (56-59) at the upper ends of their stanchions (52-55), if appropriate via the stanchions of additional loadbearing wallboards, to a stiffening construction (74, 75) or roof construction (23, 37), respectively.

4. Building according to claim 3, characterized by two further rows of fixing means on foundations (67, 68) at a distance of about 6 metres from each other and each at a distance of about 3 metres from the first two rows of fixing means on the foundations (66, 69), to which are connected the fixing means of the stanchions of additional loadbearing wallboards (e. g. 51) or of stanchions which preferably support 3 metre long horizontal girders (e. g. 32).

5. Building according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that it possesses a stiffening construction on the surface of the space cells or wallboards.

6. Building according to claim 5, characterized in that a sheet with trapezoidal corrugations (74, 75) serves as the stifening construction.

7. Building according to claim 6, characterized in that the sheet with trapezoidal corrugations (74, 75) spans, in one piece, distances of 3 metres, 6 metres and 3 metres between the wallboards and the girders.

8. Building according to claim 7, characterized in that the stanchions are in the form of pipes which, in a single-storey building, have a diameter of about 6 cm if spaced at intervals of 1 metre, and in buildings of up to six storeys have a diameter of about 8 to 10 cm if spaced at intervals of 1 metre and a diameter of 10 to 15 cm if spaced at intervals of 3 metres.

9. Building according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it possesses non-load-bearing wallboards (24, 25) which are arranged at right angles to the load-bearing wallboards (50, 51) and in which the stanchions are replaced by vertical framework members.

10. Building according to claim 9, characterized in that groups each consisting of two load- bearing wallboards (for example 11, 13, 14) and two non-load-bearing wallboards (for example 9, 10, 12) form load-bearing space cells (1, 2, 3, 4) which are located at the corners of the building.

11. Building according to claim 10, characterized in that it possesses additional, completely or incompletely formed, at least partially load-bearing, space cells (90-92) located between the corner cells (16, 34), as well as wallboards located between the space cells or, in place of these internal wallboards, girders (42), whose height corresponds to the upper edge of the inward- facing space cell walls.

12. Building according to claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the space cells (1 to 4) have an approximately square ground plan.

13. Building according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the edge length of the space cell walls and of the wallboards is at most 3 metres and the height is about 2,40 metres.

14. Building according to claims 10 to 13, characterized in that fixing devices for roof girders (15-18) which are arranged at intervals, and which are covered with roof panels, are provided on the space cells (1-4) or on the wallboards.

15. Building according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that roof girders (37) are attached to the upper edge of the inward facing mutually opposite space cell walls (e. g. 36) or to constructions connected thereto and running at the same height.

16. Building according to claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the roof girders (37) have a length of about 6 metres.

17. Building according to claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the upper edges of the side walls (20, 27) of the space cells, carrying the roof girders (37), run at the same pitch as the upper edge of the roof girders.

18. Building according to claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the roof girders (37) are covered with roof panels (38, 39), which partially overlap the roof sub-units (22, 23, 40, 41) of the load- bearing space cells.

19. Building according to claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the roof girders (37) are arranged at intervals of about 1 metres.

20. Building according to claims 3 to 19, characterized in that load-bearing space cells are located at intervals of at most about 24 metres in the direction of the roof ridge.

21. Building according to claims 3 to 20, characterized in that the foundations located under the stanchions are pile foundations (5-8, 101-108,113).

22. Building according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the foundations (66-69) which are provided with the fixing means (70-73) are arranged in parallel to the roof ridge.

23. Building according to claims 21 or 22, characterized in that it possesses a rigid framework (100) of four girders with means of fixing (109) for the stanchions, which girders are located under the walls parallel to the roof ridge, and transverse girders connecting these four girders, the framework being connected to the foundations (101-108) by means of at least four prestressed springs.

24. A space cell consisting of wallboards according to claims 1 or 2 for the construction of a building according to claims 3 to 23, characterized by two load-bearing wallboards (50, 51) and to non-load-bearing wallboards (24,25).

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