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EP0013427B1 - Spherical fibrous aggregate - Google Patents

Spherical fibrous aggregate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013427B1
EP0013427B1 EP19790105379 EP79105379A EP0013427B1 EP 0013427 B1 EP0013427 B1 EP 0013427B1 EP 19790105379 EP19790105379 EP 19790105379 EP 79105379 A EP79105379 A EP 79105379A EP 0013427 B1 EP0013427 B1 EP 0013427B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ball
aggregate according
fibers
yarn
fibre aggregate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790105379
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013427A1 (en
Inventor
S.A. Breveteam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Breveteam SA
Original Assignee
Breveteam SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH15779A external-priority patent/CH625931B/en
Application filed by Breveteam SA filed Critical Breveteam SA
Priority to AT79105379T priority Critical patent/ATE7520T1/en
Publication of EP0013427A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013427A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013427B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013427B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68GMETHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291Olefin series
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/45Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by forming intermeshing loops or stitches from some of the fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23986With coating, impregnation, or bond
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074Strand or strand-portions
    • Y10T428/24091Strand or strand-portions with additional layer[s]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24992Density or compression of components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249922Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y10T442/3724Needled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spherical fiber aggregate, in particular for textile fabrics, in which the fibers are entangled and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm.
  • Spherical fiber aggregates of the type mentioned at the outset are already known (DE-A-2811 004), which represent inextricable clumps of short fibers or pieces of thread and are suitable as sealing or cushioning materials. A collection of a large number of fiber pieces is undesirable for sufficient entanglement.
  • the known fiber lumps can be z. B. only by binder with each other or with another material, e.g. B. attach to a support. Particularly because of their short fiber lengths of 3 mm, they are therefore not suitable if products with low hardness and density are desired or required or if they are to be further processed with binder-free consolidation, e.g. B. for textile fabrics.
  • Felted fibers are known to be a random, inextricable mass or a jumble of fibers in a crossed position with high density (Jaumann, New Large Textile Handbook, specialist book publisher Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., G collecten, 1956, 2nd edition, pages 689- 693), which is more than 0.1 g / cm 3 , e.g. B. is up to 0.6 g / cm 3 (manual for textile engineers and textile practitioners, section T 14, E. Wagner, mechanical-technological textile tests, Dr. Spohr-Verlag, Wupperthal-Elberfeld, 1966, 8th edition, page 293 ).
  • Products made from felted fibers are therefore known to have a heavy grip (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexicon textile finishing and border areas, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2nd edition, pages 694-695).
  • spherical fiber agglomerations of 5 mm in diameter are known (DE-C-1 283 084 or FR-A-1 422 835, DE-B-1 561 625 or BE-A-682 175), in which wood fibers are merely placed against one another are and which are made from an aqueous suspension to avoid their dissolution by means of weak turbulence which acts over several hours.
  • the fiber balls separated from the suspension and dried have a density of 0.02-1 and their size corresponds strictly to the length of the fibers, which is 0.2-15 mm. Because of the dependence of the ball size on the respective fiber length, the structure of the ball from fibers placed against one another is decisive and limited to the use of a selected fiber material.
  • Such fiber structures are particularly suitable only for the production of building boards, moldings or paper because of the short fibers and the use of binders.
  • flammable spherical fiber structures known from FR-A-898 980 are also made of felted fibers and therefore do not have properties that go beyond their use as a fuel.
  • the spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that there is a ball yarn in which the fibers are spherically entangled with a length of at least 15 mm in a needle density of 0.01 to 0.1 gr / cm 3 .
  • the ball yarn with the features described above is proposed as the basis for the fiber aggregate according to the invention.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention therefore surprisingly has a structure in which the fibers, owing to their sufficient length of at least 15 mm, are arranged essentially following the curvature of the ball shape or can be present in a correspondingly oriented manner so that they are spherically involved. Due to their needled density according to the invention, the individual fibers are not only individually accessible, but are located e.g. B. in a sufficiently loose arrangement. You can therefore z. B.
  • the ball yarn is z. B. also passively needle-capable, ie fibers can be guided through or pulled through it or introduced into it.
  • the spherical entanglement of the fibers in the ball yarn ensures a strength that allows the same to be handled without its dissolution, because the fibers are held in the ball yarn by the entangled arrangement and z. B. get a desired pre-consolidation with each other, similar to z. B. in a conventional loosely twisted fiber yarn. Due to the shape of the ball yarn z. B.
  • the ball yarn therefore has greater cohesion, e.g. B. tensile strength and Abrasion resistance on as a known untwisted fiber structure, such as. B. a fiber flake in which the surface has outwardly projecting fibers:
  • the ball yarn according to the invention contains z. B. individual fibers, ie individual fibers of finite length, and the shape and the round cross section arises from the spherically entangled arrangement of the fibers, the z. B. are spherically loosely entwined or rolled up.
  • the ball yarn can also contain spherically entangled pieces of helically spun fibers or fiber pieces made of parallel individual fibers.
  • the ball yarn is due to its structure such. B. in contrast to fibers, tufts of fibers or fiber flakes on the one hand and the known yarns on the other hand preferably more or less free-flowing or rollable.
  • the shape of the ball yarn can be either spherical or spherical, i.e. H. also be elongated or of elongated shape and is therefore preferably in a cross section z. B. like a yarn substantially round, d. H. it has a circular cross section.
  • a length to width ratio of e.g. B. about 1: 1 the ball yarn is approximately or completely round, while it is at a ratio of width to length of z. B. approximately 1: 2 approximately oval and with a ratio of width to length of z. B. 1: 3 to 1: 5 can be approximately worm-shaped. It can also have a cylindrical shape.
  • the so-called textile composites or nonwovens there is an even fiber distribution of the dissolved fiber material and a desired cohesion of the fiber layer, so that favorable conditions are created for needling.
  • the known flat structures therefore have a uniform surface and the fiber orientation corresponds to the desired anisotropy of the properties of the finished product (e.g. BR Krcma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishers of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, page 43, or R. Krcma, Handbuch der Textilverbundstoffe, Deutscher fraverlag GmbH, Frankfurt / M., 1970, page 167).
  • a structure of the fiber layer z. B. made of fiber flakes is possible, but because of their flat cross-section does not provide sufficient structure-forming elevations and depressions on the surface of the fiber layer.
  • the known needled fabrics are therefore limited to the wishes of z. B. for a visually or visually interesting or technically uneven design ...
  • fibers deposited in a surface can be erected perpendicularly to the surface with loops by special needling processes or the fiber layer can be structured with special arrangement and shrinkage of shrink fibers (e.g. CH-B-529 247).
  • Colored effects can also be achieved, as is known, by using colored fiber flakes, by mixing fibers of different colors, by needling back a different colored fiber layer or the like.
  • these products have certain advantages over other types of needle felts, they are much more expensive to manufacture.
  • these structures also have the typically disadvantageous characteristic of needle felts, which is why in the flooring area z. B. because of their high fiber density, the desired comfort cannot be achieved. For e.g. B. Blankets and clothing needles are practically out of the question for this reason.
  • Needled carpets have also become known, in which yarns spun from wool are laid down in parallel on a support and fastened thereon by needling, with subsequent bonding with a binder. Because of the twisted, relatively thick yarns, the wool fibers are well bound to one another, so that subsequent, less violent needling is required than usual and a relatively good thread structure is retained.
  • a disadvantage is the high production costs and z. B. a restriction on thickness, color or pattern. In particular, in the case of such a product, any unevenness between the parallel rows of yarn appears immediately. Naturally, such yarns cannot be mixed with other, for example loose, fiber layers for the purpose of patterning.
  • a textile fabric with a non-uniform surface which can be patterned as desired, e.g. B. can be textured or have different colors or types of fibers.
  • the ball yarn with the individual, untwisted fibers which are spherically entangled with one another in a needled density, can therefore be used in a nonwoven, consolidated fiber layer of a textile fabric, which by needling fibers, for. B. can be solidified by means of the same fibers.
  • Needling fibers are also to be understood below, as they are not only the needling technology in nonwovens, eg. B. in nonwovens or textile composites, but also when crocheting, knitting or the like can result, for. B. actively or passively involved, so that the ball yarn can also be in a crocheted or knitted fiber structure and can be solidified or fastened.
  • the ball yarn can also be sewn, e.g. B. in multi-needle process, which is why z. B. also fibers of sewing threads or these are to be understood as needling fibers.
  • the ball yarns can be present in an amount of approximately 10-100% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber layer.
  • the round ball yarns can have a diameter of 3-50 mm.
  • the worm-shaped ball yarns can have a thickness of about 3-50 mm and a length of z. B. 9-150 mm.
  • the size or thickness of the individual ball yarns depends, for. B. apart from the fiber fineness, fiber quality and length from the amount of fibers involved.
  • the fiber density ie the packing density of the fibers, in a loosely deposited ball yarn, for. B. 0.01 to 0.1 g / cm 3 .
  • the textile fabric thus preferably has novel properties that z. B. depend on the type, density and needling of the ball yarns.
  • the ball yarns can be the same or different from each other. of different nature.
  • Each ball yarn can contain one type of fiber or fiber blend or have one or more colors.
  • Natural fibers, such as. B. cotton or wool fibers or animal hair, such as. B. goat hair fur or the like or synthetic fibers of various types, for example one or more multifilaments, such as. B. those made of polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, glass fibers or the like can be used, wherein textured z.
  • B. crimped fibers can result in additional structuring and bulk.
  • Mixed ball yarns made from natural fibers and ball yarns made from synthetic fibers can also be present.
  • the stack lengths can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the manufacturing possibilities and are, for. B. at 40-120 mm.
  • the fiber titer can be between about 3 dtex and 100 dtex, preferably between 6 and 40 dtex, and it can be advantageous for e.g. B. a desired structuring a proportion of coarse fibers.
  • Ball yarn can advantageously lie next to ball yarn.
  • a single-layer structure and thus a single-layer textile fabric can be formed, which, for. B. has a thickness that corresponds to the thickness of the ball yarn after needling. But there can also be superimposed ball yarns, so that a correspondingly thicker fiber layer can be formed, and the ball yarns can have different sizes or diameters and z.
  • Ball yarns of different sizes can be mixed together.
  • the fiber layer can be built up from a layer of ball yarns of large diameter and an overlying layer of ball yarns of smaller diameter and both layers can be consolidated by needling.
  • the ball yarns in the fiber layer can also be made with a fiber material, e.g. B. the same as described above for the ball yarn, but of a different shape, for. B. with elongated fiber pieces, fiber flakes or fibers themselves are present or embedded therein, if this z. B. is desired for additional consolidation, patterning or filling gaps between the ball yarns.
  • a mixture of ball yarns with another fiber material can be used for the textile fabric according to the invention for e.g. B. Outer clothing purposes may be advantageous:
  • the fiber layer can, however, also be needled with a carrier layer, so that the ball yarns are fastened thereon.
  • the ball yarns can, in particular, also be placed loosely on the carrier layer and connected to it by needling.
  • the backing layer can be a passively needled sheet, such as. B. a plastic film, grid film, a network, a fabric, a knitted fabric, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like.
  • the backing layer can, however, also be an actively needlable fabric, so that the textile fabric can additionally be needled from the needlable backing layer.
  • a layer made of a material of a different shape than the ball yarns can be fastened over the fiber layer with the ball yarns.
  • B. from - textile fibers or of non-textile nature or composition and z. B. can be of the type of that of the carrier layer.
  • the cover layer can be actively needled and connected to the ball yarn layer and optionally to the carrier layer by needling.
  • the cover layer prevents damage caused by excessive needling of pre-consolidated ball yarns.
  • the risk of damage to the ball yarns can also be avoided by mixing them with another fiber material as described above.
  • the fiber layer preferably contains the ball yarns over an entire extent of the textile fabric; however, these can also be present in a pattern only over part of the extent of the textile fabric.
  • the textile fabric can be used for a textile material, e.g. B. a floor or wall covering, a blanket, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile coverings, for. B. for covering upholstered furniture but also for insulation purposes.
  • a textile material e.g. B. a floor or wall covering, a blanket, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile coverings, for. B. for covering upholstered furniture but also for insulation purposes.
  • the ball yarns can be in the manner such. B. by entangling or by tangling fibers into balls or elongated structures between the fingers of the hand.
  • Technical manufacturing processes for spherical fiber aggregates are e.g. B. known from the aforementioned DE-OS 2 811 004.
  • a textile fabric 1 consists of a non-woven fiber layer 2, which contains individual spherical fiber aggregates.
  • Each fiber aggregate 3 is made up of fibers 4 which are spherically entangled, e.g. B. are devoured or rolled up in the manner of a ball.
  • the fiber aggregates 3 are delimited round bodies d. H. round ball yarns 3a, from which the fiber layer 2 is constructed.
  • the Kugetgarne 3a and thus the fiber layer 2 are needled and solidified by holding fibers 5 originating from the ball yarns 3a.
  • the needle-capable fibers 4 can therefore be gripped by needles, such as those used to solidify textile fabrics in needle felting technology, without great resistance and without substantial destruction of the fiber layer and also without excessive wear of the needles, and in the direction transverse to the surface plane of the fiber layer 2 through the Ball yarns 3a are passed through.
  • the textile fabric 1 consists solely of the fiber layer 2 made up of a plurality of ball yarns 3a, which preferably have a regular shape and essentially uniform dimensions, and therefore has a thickness A, which is equal to a diameter B of individual needled ball yarn 3a is.
  • the solidification can also with other suitable needle techniques such. B. with Maliwatt, Malimo or Malipol process.
  • the textile fabric 1 has a non-uniform, e.g. B. knob-like, d. H. structured surface 6.
  • the fiber layers 2 or optionally protruding or protruding holding fibers 5 can additionally by a binder (not shown), for. B. can also be solidified by soaking with the same and then drying.
  • non-woven fiber layer 7 made of ball yarns 8 with spherically entangled fibers 9 and therefore has a non-uniform, e.g. B. structured surface 11.
  • a carrier layer 12 for. B. connected from a nonwoven fabric so that a textile fabric 13 is present.
  • the ball yarns 8 have a round shape when they are in the un-needled state.
  • the round ball yarns are flattened or flattened (Fig. 2), which z. B. depends on the strength or intensity of the needling or the bulk of the ball yarns.
  • the needling can also result in a constriction, so that there can be an original structure, such as that shown in FIG. B. cannot be achieved with two-dimensional, flat-laid fibers.
  • a non-woven fiber layer 14 contains worm-shaped ball yarns 15 of different sizes made of spherically entangled fibers 16. Die. Kugetgarne 15 are needled by means of holding fibers 17 with a support layer 18 and attached to it, so that a textile fabric 19 is present overall. As a result of the different sizes and the shape of the ball yarns 15, there is a non-uniform surface 20 with a particularly pronounced structure.
  • a fiber layer 21 according to FIG. 7 contains distributed spherical yarns 22 made of spherically entangled fibers 23.
  • the spherical yarns 22 are embedded in a fiber material 24, which fills the spaces 25 between the spherical yarns 22 and forms the fiber layer 21 together with them.
  • the ball yarns 22 are fastened together with the fiber material 24 by means of holding fibers 26 by needling on a carrier layer 27.
  • a cover layer 28 made of a fiber material of a different shape than that of the ball yarns 22 can be placed over the ball yarns 22, through which the ball yarns 22 are connected to the carrier layer 27 by needling.
  • the fiber layer 21 with the ball yarns 22, the fiber material 24 and the cover layer 28 together with the carrier layer 27 in turn forms a textile fabric 29 with a z. B. patterned surface.
  • a fiber layer 30 contains superimposed ball yarns 31 and 31 a of different sizes, which are connected by holding fibers 32 by means of needling to a carrier layer 33.
  • a textile fabric 34 with a pronounced structure in the surface 35.
  • the ball yarn can be made with any other material or fibers, e.g. B. Fur material, coconut fibers, goat hair, pieces of fur or the like are mixed or even consist of a mixture of natural or synthetic fibers. It can be used in carpets, needle felting or the like. There can also be shrinkable fibers in the ball yarn, so that both ball yarn against ball yarn and the ball yarn against a substrate, ie a carrier layer, can shrink during shrinking.
  • Fig. 9 shows the construction of a ball yarn 36 from individual fibers 37, which are spherically entangled. They are loosely intertwined, with their ends 38 loosely wrapped around other fibers 37 or spherically curled around them, as a result of which they are retained in the fiber structure.
  • spherical orientation corresponding to the spherical shape of the ball yarn 36 in the spatial dimensions according to arrows A, B and C.
  • the fibers 37 are essentially separated from one another and have a length of at least 15 mm due to smaller or larger air spaces 39, the dimensions of which substantially exceed that of the fiber thickness, and are in contact with one another only through the loose intertwining. There is therefore a structure of the loosely intertwined fibers 37, so that they can be individually grasped and pulled out of the same without any significant resistance and without disintegration of the ball yarn 36.
  • the ball yarn 36 therefore has a low, needle density and z. B. a bulky, through which it can be compressed without much effort.
  • the ball yarn 36 has a three-dimensional extent and also an elasticity, by means of which it can essentially or completely return to its original shape after relief.
  • This is e.g. B. with laid fibers, d. H. two-dimensional structures or in the case of twisted yarns with their fibers, which are closely spaced by twisting and therefore present in high density, cannot be reached.
  • there is mechanical strengthening which is caused solely by the spherical interlacing or by spherical curling, this entanglement strength preventing the ball yarn 36 from dissolving.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention therefore has z. B. compared to the already known, hard structures made of matted short fibers completely different properties because of their high density of z. B. needles not penetrated and also because of their fiber length of 3 mm cannot be detected by the same, d. H. are not needled.
  • the ball yarn on the other hand, can be pierced in its entire thickness without disintegration by the needles due to its needled density in a needling process, the fibers 37 being gripped due to their length of at least 15 mm and being able to be pulled through the ball yarn 36.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention can also not be compared with a pimple or a nisse, which is known to consist of a tangle of intertwined fibers that have been drawn into a nodule (P. Böttcher, Textiltechnik, VEB subuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, pages 750 and 758). They are therefore also hard structures with high density made of felted fibers and therefore do not have a needle density like the ball yarn according to the invention.
  • a nit is also an unwanted or undesirable defective product and has a size of less than 3 mm, i. H. for this reason alone it is not needable and contains e.g. B. only 10 single fibers.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention is made up of considerably more than 10 single fibers and represents a finished desired product which, for. B. against yarns, knobs or nits is free-flowing or rollable.
  • the ball yarn according to the invention can be used, e.g. B. be pre-consolidated in a fabric.
  • B. be pre-consolidated in a fabric.
  • the ball yarn can also be soaked or coated with a binder.
  • * the loose structure of the same is advantageous because the surface of the individual fibers can be reached by the binder and this can penetrate fully into the ball yarn.
  • B. pimples or nits or yarns, on the other hand, the surface of the single fiber is blocked by adjacent fibers and therefore not reachable for a binder in the same way as with ball yarn. B. applies to a colorant.
  • ball yarns are listed in the table below, with different types of fibers being entered against ball yarn size, fiber values and needling conditions:
  • the needling conditions are e.g. B. only one parameter in a series of conditions, e.g. B. be determined by the qualitative requirements for the ball yarn or the textile fabric.
  • the needle densities or stitch densities can be made for different sizes of stitch density from 25-50% if these are due to e.g. B. the size of the ball yarn, fiber type or the like is advantageous because there is already some pre-interlacing of the fibers due to the spherical entanglement of the same in the ball yarn.
  • the ball diameter, d. H. the size of the ball yarn is z. B. regardless of the fiber length. Thus balls with a diameter of 4 mm and those with a diameter of 25 mm can be produced with the same fiber length.
  • the ball size can also depend on the fiber fineness, crimping of the fiber used or its modulus of elasticity.
  • the fiber material can therefore be deposited and solidified precisely at a desired location of a fiber layer to be produced or fastened to a carrier layer.
  • a layer of ball yarns of larger diameter can first be deposited in a metered manner and then a layer metered out over it. smaller ball yarns or the gaps between the larger ball yarns can be filled in with smaller ball yarns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein sphärisches Faseraggregat, insbesondere für textile Flächengebilde, in welchem die Fasern miteinander verwickelt sind und das einen Durchmesser von mindestens 3 mm aufweist.The invention relates to a spherical fiber aggregate, in particular for textile fabrics, in which the fibers are entangled and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm.

Es sind bereits sphärische Faseraggregate der eingangs genannten Art bekannt (DE-A-2811 004), die unentwirrbare Klümpchen aus kurzen Fasern oder Fadenstücken darstellen und als Abdicht- oder Polstermaterial geeignet sind. Für die ausreichende Verknäuelung ist dabei eine Ansammlung einer Vielzahl von Faserstücken unerwünscht. Die bekannten Faserklümpchen lassen sich z. B. nur durch Bindemittel untereinander oder mit einem anderen Material, z. B. auf einem Träger befestigen. Insbesondere auch wegen ihrer kurzen Faserlängen von 3 mm sind sie daher nicht einsatzfähig, wenn Produkte mit geringer Härte und Dichte gewünscht bzw. erforderlich sind oder eine Weiterverarbeitung derselben unter bindemittelfreierVerfestigung, z. B. für textile Flächengebilde erfolgen soll.Spherical fiber aggregates of the type mentioned at the outset are already known (DE-A-2811 004), which represent inextricable clumps of short fibers or pieces of thread and are suitable as sealing or cushioning materials. A collection of a large number of fiber pieces is undesirable for sufficient entanglement. The known fiber lumps can be z. B. only by binder with each other or with another material, e.g. B. attach to a support. Particularly because of their short fiber lengths of 3 mm, they are therefore not suitable if products with low hardness and density are desired or required or if they are to be further processed with binder-free consolidation, e.g. B. for textile fabrics.

Verfilzte Fasern stellen bekanntlich eine regellose, unentwirrbare Masse bzw. ein Durcheinander von Fasern in verkreuzter Lage mit hoher Dichte dar (Jaumann, Neues großes Handbuch der Textilkunde, Fachbuchverlag Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., Gießen, 1956, 2. Auflage, Seiten 689-693), die mehr als 0,1 g/cm3, z. B. bis zu 0,6 g/cm3 beträgt (Handbuch für Textilingenieure und Textilpraktiker, Fachteil T 14, E. Wagner, Mechanisch-Technologische Textilprüfungen, Dr. Spohr-Verlag, Wupperthal-Elberfeld, 1966, 8. Auflage, Seite 293). Aus'verfilzten Fasern hergestellte Produkte haben daher bekanntlich auch einen schweren Griff (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexikon Textilveredlung und Grenzgebiete, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2. Auflage, Seiten 694-695).Felted fibers are known to be a random, inextricable mass or a jumble of fibers in a crossed position with high density (Jaumann, New Large Textile Handbook, specialist book publisher Dr. Pfannenberg & Co., Gießen, 1956, 2nd edition, pages 689- 693), which is more than 0.1 g / cm 3 , e.g. B. is up to 0.6 g / cm 3 (manual for textile engineers and textile practitioners, section T 14, E. Wagner, mechanical-technological textile tests, Dr. Spohr-Verlag, Wupperthal-Elberfeld, 1966, 8th edition, page 293 ). Products made from felted fibers are therefore known to have a heavy grip (Fischer-Bobsin, Lexicon textile finishing and border areas, Verlag Fischer-Bobsin, Dülmen-Daldrup, 1960, 2nd edition, pages 694-695).

Des weiteren sind kugelige Faserzusammenballungen von 5 mm Durchmesser bekannt (DE-C-1 283 084 bzw. FR-A-1 422 835, DE-B-1 561 625 oder BE-A-682 175), bei denen Holzfasern lediglich aneinander gelegt sind und die aus einer wäßrigen Suspension zur Vermeidung ihrer Auflösung mittels schwacher, über mehrere Stunden einwirkender Turbulenz derselben hergestellt werden. Die von der Suspension abgetrennten und getrockneten Faserkugeln haben eine Dichte von 0,02-1 und entsprechen in ihrer Größe streng der Länge der Fasern, die 0,2-15 mm beträgt. Wegen der Abhängigkeit der Kugelgröße von der jeweiligen Faserlänge ist daher ein Aufbau der Kugel aus aneinandergelegten Fasern maßgebend und auf den Einsatz eines ausgewählten Fasermaterials beschränkt. Derartige Fasergebilde sind insbesondere wegen der kurzen Fasern und unter Verwendung von Bindemitteln nur für die Herstellung von Bauplatten, Formkörpern oder Papier geeignet.Furthermore, spherical fiber agglomerations of 5 mm in diameter are known (DE-C-1 283 084 or FR-A-1 422 835, DE-B-1 561 625 or BE-A-682 175), in which wood fibers are merely placed against one another are and which are made from an aqueous suspension to avoid their dissolution by means of weak turbulence which acts over several hours. The fiber balls separated from the suspension and dried have a density of 0.02-1 and their size corresponds strictly to the length of the fibers, which is 0.2-15 mm. Because of the dependence of the ball size on the respective fiber length, the structure of the ball from fibers placed against one another is decisive and limited to the use of a selected fiber material. Such fiber structures are particularly suitable only for the production of building boards, moldings or paper because of the short fibers and the use of binders.

Auch die aus der FR-A-898 980 bekannten brennbaren sphärischen Fasergebilde sind aus verfilzten Fasern aufgebaut und besitzen daher ebenfalls nicht Eigenschaften, die über eine Verwendung als Brennmaterial hinausgehen.The flammable spherical fiber structures known from FR-A-898 980 are also made of felted fibers and therefore do not have properties that go beyond their use as a fuel.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein sphärisches Faseraggregat der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das eine Struktur aufweisen soll, bei der die einzelnen Fasern trotz ihrer Verwicklung in einer geringen Dichte vorliegen, die ein Bewegen von Fasern durch das Faseraggregat ermöglicht, und die einen genügenden Zusammenhalt gewährleisten und eine breite Einsatzmöglichkeit, z. B. in textilen Flächengebilden zulassen soll.It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset, which is to have a structure in which the individual fibers, despite their entanglement, are present in a low density which enables fibers to move through the fiber aggregate, and which ensure sufficient cohesion and a wide range of uses, e.g. B. should allow in textile fabrics.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist das sphärische Faseraggregat der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Kugelgarn vorliegt, in welchem die Fasern mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm in einer nadelfähigen Dichte von 0,01 bis 0,1 gr/cm3 sphärisch verwickelt sind.To achieve the object, the spherical fiber aggregate of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that there is a ball yarn in which the fibers are spherically entangled with a length of at least 15 mm in a needle density of 0.01 to 0.1 gr / cm 3 .

Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, daß sich kurze Fasern wegen ungenügender Länge sphärisch nicht verwickeln lassen und lediglich verfilzt oder aneinandergelegt zu einem sphärischen Faseraggregat zusammengefaßt werden können, wird hier als Grundlage des erfindungsgemäßen Faseraggregates das Kugelgarn mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Merkmalen vorgeschlagen. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik weist das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung daher in überraschender Weise eine Struktur auf, bei welcher die Fasern infolge ihrer ausreichenden Länge·von mindestens 15 mm im wesentlichen der·Krümmung der Kugelgestalt folgend angeordnet sein bzw. dieser entsprechend orientiert vorliegen können, so daß sie sphärisch verwickelt sind. Durch ihre erfindungsgemäß nadelfähige Dichte sind die individuellen Fasern nicht nur einzeln zugänglich, sondern befinden sich z. B. in einer ausreichend lockeren Anordnung. Sie können daher einzeln z. B. durch Nadeln, wie sie aus der Vernadlungstechnik bekannt sind, erfaßt und im wesentlichen ohne Widerstand gegenüber den anderen Fasern im Faserverband des Kugelgarns bewegt und aus diesem herausgezogen d. h. aktiv vernadelt werden. Das Kugelgarn ist aber z. B. auch passiv nadelfähig, d. h. es können Fasern durch dasselbe hindurchgeführt oder gezogen oder in dasselbe hereingeführt werden. Die sphärische Verwicklung der Fasern im Kugelgarn gewährleistet jedoch eine Festigkeit, die eine Handhabung desselben ohne seine Auflösung erlaubt, weil durch die verwickelte Anordnung die Fasern im Kugelgarn festgehalten werden und z. B. eine gewünschte Vorverfestigung untereinander erhalten, ähnlich wie z. B. bei einem üblichen lose gedrehten Fasergarn. Durch die Gestalt des Kugelgarns liegt z. B. ein diskretes Gebilde oder ein Körper mit abgegrenzter Abmessung und einer geschlossenen Struktur und mit einer Oberfläche vor, in welcher die Fasern infolge ihrer Anordnung z. B. mit ihren Enden im Innern des Kugelgarns gehalten und gegen ein unerwünschtes Herausfallen gesichert sind. Trotz seiner Nadelfähigkeit weist das Kugelgarn daher einen größeren Zusammenhalt, z. B. Zugfestigkeit und Abriebfestigkeit auf als ein bekannter ungedrehter Faserverband, wie z. B. eine Faserflocke, bei der die Oberfläche nach außen abstehende Fasern besitzt: Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung enthält z. B. einzelne Fasern, d. h. Einzelfasern endlicher Länge, und die Gestalt und der runde Querschnitt entsteht durch die sphärisch verwickelte Anordnung der Fasern, die z. B. sphärisch lose verschlungen oder eingerollt sind. Das Kugelgarn kann aber auch sphärisch verwickelte Stücke von schraubenlinienförmig ineinander gesponnenen Fasern oder Faserstücke aus parallel liegenden einzelnen Fasern enthalten.Based on the knowledge that short fibers cannot be tangled due to insufficient length and can only be matted or put together to form a spherical fiber aggregate, the ball yarn with the features described above is proposed as the basis for the fiber aggregate according to the invention. In contrast to the prior art, the ball yarn according to the invention therefore surprisingly has a structure in which the fibers, owing to their sufficient length of at least 15 mm, are arranged essentially following the curvature of the ball shape or can be present in a correspondingly oriented manner so that they are spherically involved. Due to their needled density according to the invention, the individual fibers are not only individually accessible, but are located e.g. B. in a sufficiently loose arrangement. You can therefore z. B. by needles, as they are known from needling technology, detected and moved substantially without resistance to the other fibers in the fiber structure of the ball yarn and pulled out of it, that is to be actively needled. The ball yarn is z. B. also passively needle-capable, ie fibers can be guided through or pulled through it or introduced into it. However, the spherical entanglement of the fibers in the ball yarn ensures a strength that allows the same to be handled without its dissolution, because the fibers are held in the ball yarn by the entangled arrangement and z. B. get a desired pre-consolidation with each other, similar to z. B. in a conventional loosely twisted fiber yarn. Due to the shape of the ball yarn z. B. a discrete structure or a body with limited dimensions and a closed structure and with a surface in which the fibers due to their arrangement z. B. are held with their ends inside the ball yarn and secured against unwanted falling out. Despite its need for needles, the ball yarn therefore has greater cohesion, e.g. B. tensile strength and Abrasion resistance on as a known untwisted fiber structure, such as. B. a fiber flake in which the surface has outwardly projecting fibers: the ball yarn according to the invention contains z. B. individual fibers, ie individual fibers of finite length, and the shape and the round cross section arises from the spherically entangled arrangement of the fibers, the z. B. are spherically loosely entwined or rolled up. The ball yarn can also contain spherically entangled pieces of helically spun fibers or fiber pieces made of parallel individual fibers.

Das Kugelgarn ist infolge seiner Struktur z. B. im Gegensatz zu Fasern, Faserbüscheln oder zu Faserflocken einerseits und den bekannten Garnen andererseits vorzugsweise mehr oder weniger riesel- oder rollfähig. Die Gestalt des Kugelgarns kann dabei entweder kugelförmig oder kugelartig, d. h. auch länglich bzw. von gestreckter Form sein und ist daher vorzugsweise in einem Querschnitt z. B. wie ein Garn im wesentlichen rund, d. h. es besitzt einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Bei einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Breite von z. B. etwa 1 : 1 ist das Kugelgarn dann anähernd oder-vollständig rund, während es bei einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von z. B. etwa 1 : 2 annähernd oval und bei einem Verhältnis von Breite zu Länge von z. B. 1 : 3 bis 1 : 5 annähernd wurmförmig sein kann. Es kann auch eine zylinderförmige Gestalt haben.The ball yarn is due to its structure such. B. in contrast to fibers, tufts of fibers or fiber flakes on the one hand and the known yarns on the other hand preferably more or less free-flowing or rollable. The shape of the ball yarn can be either spherical or spherical, i.e. H. also be elongated or of elongated shape and is therefore preferably in a cross section z. B. like a yarn substantially round, d. H. it has a circular cross section. With a length to width ratio of e.g. B. about 1: 1, the ball yarn is approximately or completely round, while it is at a ratio of width to length of z. B. approximately 1: 2 approximately oval and with a ratio of width to length of z. B. 1: 3 to 1: 5 can be approximately worm-shaped. It can also have a cylindrical shape.

Infolge seiner Riesel- und Rollfähigkeit kann das Kugelgarn z. B. beim Prozeß der Mischung und Schichtenlegung gut gehandhabt und daher von seiner Struktur her in textilen Flächengebilden eingesetzt werden, wie es z. B. in der EP-A-0 013 428, betitelt »Textiles Flächengebilde und dessen Verwendung« beschrieben ist und auf die an dieser-Stelle verwiesen wird.Due to its free-flowing and rolling ability, the ball yarn z. B. well handled in the process of mixing and layering and therefore used by its structure in textile fabrics, as z. B. is described in EP-A-0 013 428, titled "Textile fabrics and its use" and to which reference is made here.

Bei den bekannten.textilen Flächengebilden, den sogenannten Textilverbundstoffen oder Nonwovens, liegt eine gleichmäßige Faserverteilung des aufgelösten Fasermaterials sowie eine gewünschte Kohäsion der Faserschicht vor, damit für das Vernadeln günstige Verhältnisse geschaffen werden. Die bekannten Flächengebilde haben daher eine gleichmäßige Oberfläche, und die Faserorientierung entspricht der gewünschten Anisotropie der Eigenschaften des fertigen Erzeugnisses (z. B. R. Krcma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishers of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, Seite 43, oder R. Krcma, Handbuch der Textilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt/M., 1970, Seite 167).In the known textiles, the so-called textile composites or nonwovens, there is an even fiber distribution of the dissolved fiber material and a desired cohesion of the fiber layer, so that favorable conditions are created for needling. The known flat structures therefore have a uniform surface and the fiber orientation corresponds to the desired anisotropy of the properties of the finished product (e.g. BR Krcma, Nonwoven Textiles SNTL Publishers of Technical Literature, Prague 1962, in coedition with Textiles Trade Press, Manchester, 1967, page 43, or R. Krcma, Handbuch der Textilverbundstoffe, Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, Frankfurt / M., 1970, page 167).

Ein Aufbau der Faserschicht z. B. aus Faserflocken ist zwar möglich, ergibt wegen ihres flachen Querschnittes jedoch keine ausreichend strukturbildende Erhebungen und Vertiefungen an der Oberfläche der Faserschicht. Die bekannten genadelten Flächengebilde werden daher nur beschränkt den Wünschen z. B. nach einer visuell bzw. optisch interessanten oder technisch ungleichmäßigen Gestaltung gerecht...A structure of the fiber layer z. B. made of fiber flakes is possible, but because of their flat cross-section does not provide sufficient structure-forming elevations and depressions on the surface of the fiber layer. The known needled fabrics are therefore limited to the wishes of z. B. for a visually or visually interesting or technically uneven design ...

Will man eine strukturierte Oberfläche schaffen, so können in einer Fläche abgelegte Fasern durch besondere Benadelungsvorgänge senkrecht zur Fläche unter Schlingenbildung aufgerichtet werden oder man strukturiert die Faserschicht unter besonderer Anordnung und Schrumpfung von Schrumpffasern (z. B. CH-B-529 247). Farbige Effekte kann man darüber hinaus bekanntlich durch Verwendung von gefärbten Faserflocken, durch Vermischung von Faserfloren verschiedener Farbe, durch Zurücknadeln einer andersfarbigen Faserschicht oder dergleichen erreichen. Obwohl diese Produkte gegenüber auf anderem Wege hergestellten Nadelfilzen gewisse Vorteile aufweisen, ist ihre Herstellung aber erheblich kostspieliger. Insbesondere haben diese Gebilde auch das typisch nachteilige Merkmal von Nadelfilzen, weshalb im Bodenbelagsbereich z. B. wegen ihrer hohen Faserdichte nicht der gewünschte Einrichtungskomfort erreicht werden kann. Für z. B. Schlafdecken und Bekleidung kommen Nadelfilze aus diesem Grunde praktisch gar nicht in Betracht.If you want to create a structured surface, fibers deposited in a surface can be erected perpendicularly to the surface with loops by special needling processes or the fiber layer can be structured with special arrangement and shrinkage of shrink fibers (e.g. CH-B-529 247). Colored effects can also be achieved, as is known, by using colored fiber flakes, by mixing fibers of different colors, by needling back a different colored fiber layer or the like. Although these products have certain advantages over other types of needle felts, they are much more expensive to manufacture. In particular, these structures also have the typically disadvantageous characteristic of needle felts, which is why in the flooring area z. B. because of their high fiber density, the desired comfort cannot be achieved. For e.g. B. Blankets and clothing needles are practically out of the question for this reason.

Es sind auch genadelte Teppichböden bekanntgeworden, bei denen aus Wolle gesponnene Garne parallel auf einem Träger abgelegt und auf diesem durch Vernadeln befestigt sind, unter anschließender Verklebung mit einem- Bindemittel. Durch die gedrehten relativ dicken Garne werden die Wollfasern zwar gut untereinander gebunden, so daß eine anschließende weniger heftige Nadelung als üblich erforderlich ist und eine relativ gute Fadenstruktur erhalten bleibt. Nachteilig ist jedoch bereits der hohe Herstellungsaufwand sowie z. B. eine Beschränkung in bezug auf Dicke, Farbe oder Musterung. Insbesondere tritt bei einer solchen Ware jede Ungleichmäßigkeit zwischen den parallel gelegten Garnreihen sofort sichbar auf. Solche Garne können naturgemäß auch nicht mit weiteren, beispielsweise losen Faserschichten zum Zwecke der Musterung gemischtwerdeji.Needled carpets have also become known, in which yarns spun from wool are laid down in parallel on a support and fastened thereon by needling, with subsequent bonding with a binder. Because of the twisted, relatively thick yarns, the wool fibers are well bound to one another, so that subsequent, less violent needling is required than usual and a relatively good thread structure is retained. A disadvantage, however, is the high production costs and z. B. a restriction on thickness, color or pattern. In particular, in the case of such a product, any unevenness between the parallel rows of yarn appears immediately. Naturally, such yarns cannot be mixed with other, for example loose, fiber layers for the purpose of patterning.

Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis; daß gedrehte Garne infolge ihrer Vorverfestigung einer geringeren Nadelverfestigung bedürfen, als lose Fasern, jedoch ein kostspieliges Erzeugnis, schwierig dosierbar und schwierig kombinierbar sind, kann mit dem Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung ein textiles Flächengebilde mit uneinheitlicher Oberfläche geschaffen werden, die nach Belieben gemustert, z. B. noppenartig strukturiert sein oder verschiedene Farben oder auch Faserarten besitzen kann.Based on the knowledge; that twisted yarns due to their pre-consolidation need less needle consolidation than loose fibers, but an expensive product, difficult to dose and difficult to combine, can be created with the ball yarn according to the invention a textile fabric with a non-uniform surface, which can be patterned as desired, e.g. B. can be textured or have different colors or types of fibers.

Das Kugelgarn mit den individuellen, miteinander unverdrillten Fasern, die in einer nadelfähigen Dichte miteinander sphärisch verwickelt sind, kann daher in einer nichtgewebten, verfestigten Faserschicht eines textilen Flächengebildes verwendet werden, die durch Vernadelungsfasern, z. B. mittels der Fasern desselben verfestigt sein kann.The ball yarn with the individual, untwisted fibers, which are spherically entangled with one another in a needled density, can therefore be used in a nonwoven, consolidated fiber layer of a textile fabric, which by needling fibers, for. B. can be solidified by means of the same fibers.

Unter Vernadlungsfasern sind auch nachfolgend solche zu verstehen, wie sie sich nicht nur durch die Vernadlungstechnik bei Nonwovens, z. B. bei Vliesen oder Textilverbundstoffen, sondern auch beim Häkeln, Stricken oder dergleichen ergeben können z. B. aktiv oder passiv eingebunden, so daß das Kugelgarn auch in einem gehäkelten oder gestrickten Fasergebilde vorliegen und verfestigt oder befestigt sein kann. Das Kugelgarn kann aber auch vernäht werden, z. B. im Vielnadelverfahren, weshalb z. B. auch Fasern von Nähfäden oder diese selbst als Vernadlungsfasern zu verstehen sind.Needling fibers are also to be understood below, as they are not only the needling technology in nonwovens, eg. B. in nonwovens or textile composites, but also when crocheting, knitting or the like can result, for. B. actively or passively involved, so that the ball yarn can also be in a crocheted or knitted fiber structure and can be solidified or fastened. The ball yarn can also be sewn, e.g. B. in multi-needle process, which is why z. B. also fibers of sewing threads or these are to be understood as needling fibers.

Je nach gewünschter Musterung und/oder Gestalt der Kugelgarne können dieselben in einer Menge von etwa 10-100 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Faserschicht vorliegen. Je nach verwendeter Faserart und/oder Menge oder gewünschten Musterung können die runden Kugelgarne einen Durchmesser von 3-50 mm aufweisen. Die wurmförmigen Kugelgarne können eine Dicke von ca. 3-50 mm und eine Länge von z. B. 9-150 mm haben. Die Größe bzw. Dicke der einzelnen Kugelgarne hängt z. B. außer von der Faserfeinheit, Faserbeschaffenheit und Faserlänge von der Menge an verwickelten Fasern ab. Im unvernadelten Zustand kann die Faserdichte, d. h. die Packungsdichte der Fasern, in einem lose abgelegten Kugelgarn z. B. 0,01 bis 0,1 g/cm3 betragen.Depending on the desired pattern and / or shape of the ball yarns, they can be present in an amount of approximately 10-100% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber layer. Depending on the type of fiber used and / or the amount or desired pattern, the round ball yarns can have a diameter of 3-50 mm. The worm-shaped ball yarns can have a thickness of about 3-50 mm and a length of z. B. 9-150 mm. The size or thickness of the individual ball yarns depends, for. B. apart from the fiber fineness, fiber quality and length from the amount of fibers involved. In the non-needled state, the fiber density, ie the packing density of the fibers, in a loosely deposited ball yarn, for. B. 0.01 to 0.1 g / cm 3 .

Das textile Flächengebilde weist somit vorzugsweise neuartige Eigenschaften auf, die z. B. von der Art, Dichte und Vernadelung der Kugelgarne abhängen. Die Kugelgarne können von gleicher oder voneinander. verschiedener Beschaffenheit sein. Jedes Kugelgarn kann eine Art von Fasern oder Fasermischungen enthalten oder eine oder mehrere Farben aufweisen. In vorteilhafter Weise können die Kugelgarnfasern von verschiedener Länge und daher kurze Fasern oder solche von z. B. Abfallgarnen, d. h. von verschiedener Herkunft und Farbe enthalten. Es können Naturfasern, wie z. B. Baumwoll-oder Wollfasern oder Tierhaare, wie z. B. Ziegenhaare Pelzhaare oder dergleichen oder Synthesefasern verschiedener Art beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Multifilamente, wie z. B. solche aus Polyamid, Polypropylen, Polyester, Glasfasern oder dergleichen, verwendet werden, wobei texturierte z. B. gekräuselte Fasern eine zusätzliche Strukturierung und Bausch ergeben können. Es können auch gemischte Kugelgarrie aus Naturfasern und Kugelgarne aus Synthesefasern vorliegen. Die Stapellängen können im Rahmen der Herstellungsmöglichkeiten beliebig gewählt werden und liegen z. B. bei 40-120 mm. Die Fasertiter können zwischen etwa 3 dtex und 100 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 und 40 dtex liegen, wobei es günstig sein kann, für z. B. eine gewünschte Strukturierung einen Anteil Grobfasern beizumischen.The textile fabric thus preferably has novel properties that z. B. depend on the type, density and needling of the ball yarns. The ball yarns can be the same or different from each other. of different nature. Each ball yarn can contain one type of fiber or fiber blend or have one or more colors. Advantageously, the ball yarn fibers of different lengths and therefore short fibers or those of z. B. waste yarns, d. H. of different origins and colors included. Natural fibers, such as. B. cotton or wool fibers or animal hair, such as. B. goat hair fur or the like or synthetic fibers of various types, for example one or more multifilaments, such as. B. those made of polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, glass fibers or the like can be used, wherein textured z. B. crimped fibers can result in additional structuring and bulk. Mixed ball yarns made from natural fibers and ball yarns made from synthetic fibers can also be present. The stack lengths can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the manufacturing possibilities and are, for. B. at 40-120 mm. The fiber titer can be between about 3 dtex and 100 dtex, preferably between 6 and 40 dtex, and it can be advantageous for e.g. B. a desired structuring a proportion of coarse fibers.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann Kugelgarn neben Kugelgarn liegen. Dadurch kann ein einschichtiges Gebilde und damit ein einschichtiges textiles Flächengebilde gebildet sein, das z. B. eine Dicke besitzt, die der Dicke des Kugelgarnes nach dem Vernadeln entspricht. Es können aber auch übereinandergelegte Kugelgarne vorliegen, so daß eine entsprechend dickere Faserschicht gebildet sein kann, und die Kugelgarne können verschiedene Größen oder Durchmesser haben und z. B. verschieden große Kugelgarne können miteinander gemischt sein. Die Faserschicht kann aus einer Schicht aus Kugelgarnen großen Durchmessers und einer darüber gelegten Schicht aus Kugelgarnen von kleinerem Durchmesser aufgebaut sein und beide Schichten durch Vernadelung verfestigt sein.Ball yarn can advantageously lie next to ball yarn. As a result, a single-layer structure and thus a single-layer textile fabric can be formed, which, for. B. has a thickness that corresponds to the thickness of the ball yarn after needling. But there can also be superimposed ball yarns, so that a correspondingly thicker fiber layer can be formed, and the ball yarns can have different sizes or diameters and z. B. Ball yarns of different sizes can be mixed together. The fiber layer can be built up from a layer of ball yarns of large diameter and an overlying layer of ball yarns of smaller diameter and both layers can be consolidated by needling.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Kugelgarne in der Faserschicht auch mit einem Fasermaterial, z. B. dem gleichen, wie vorstehend beschrieben für das Kugelgarn, jedoch von anderer Gestalt, z. B. mit länglichen Faserstücken, Faserflocken oder Fasern selbst gemischt vorliegen oder darin eingebettet sein, wenn dies z. B. für eine zusätzliche Verfestigung, Musterung oder Auffüllung von Zwischenräumen zwischen den Kugelgarnen erwünscht ist. Eine Mischung von Kugelgarnen mit einem anderen Fasermaterial kann bei Verwendung des textilen Flächengebildes nach der Erfindung fürz. B. Oberbekleidungszwecke vorteilhaft sein:In a further embodiment, the ball yarns in the fiber layer can also be made with a fiber material, e.g. B. the same as described above for the ball yarn, but of a different shape, for. B. with elongated fiber pieces, fiber flakes or fibers themselves are present or embedded therein, if this z. B. is desired for additional consolidation, patterning or filling gaps between the ball yarns. A mixture of ball yarns with another fiber material can be used for the textile fabric according to the invention for e.g. B. Outer clothing purposes may be advantageous:

Die Faserschicht kann aber auch mit einer Trägerschicht vernadelt sein, so daß die Kugelgarne auf dieser befestigt sind.The fiber layer can, however, also be needled with a carrier layer, so that the ball yarns are fastened thereon.

Die Kugelgarne können aber insbesondere auch auf der Trägerschicht lose abgelegt und mit dieser durch Vernadeln verbunden sein. Die Trägerschicht kann ein passiv nadelfähiges Flächengebilde, wie z. B. eine Kunststoff-Folie, Gitterfolie, ein Netz, ein Gewebe, ein Gewirk, Faserverbundstoff, Papier, Pappe oder dergleichen sein. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Trägerschicht aber auch ein aktiv nadelfähiges Flächengebilde sein, so daß das textile Flächengebilde zusätzlich von der nadelfähigen Trägerschicht her vernadelt sein kann. Weiterhin kann über der Faserschicht mit den Kugelgarnen eine Schicht aus einem Material anderer Gestalt wie die Kugelgarne befestigt sein, das z. B. aus - Textilfasern bestehen oder von nichttextiler Beschaffenheit oder Zusammensetzung und z. B. von der Art derjenigen der Trägerschicht sein kann. Die Deckschicht kann aktiv nadelfähig und mit der Kugelgarnschicht und gegebenenfalls mit der Trägerschicht durch Vernadeln verbunden sein. Durch die Deckschicht kann eine Schädigung durch eine zu starke Vernadelung von vorverfestigten Kugelgarnen vermieden werden. Die Gefahr einer Schädigung der Kugelgarne kann aber auch durch das zuvor beschriebene Mischen derselben miteinem anderen Fasermaterial vermieden werden.The ball yarns can, in particular, also be placed loosely on the carrier layer and connected to it by needling. The backing layer can be a passively needled sheet, such as. B. a plastic film, grid film, a network, a fabric, a knitted fabric, fiber composite, paper, cardboard or the like. In a further embodiment, the backing layer can, however, also be an actively needlable fabric, so that the textile fabric can additionally be needled from the needlable backing layer. Furthermore, a layer made of a material of a different shape than the ball yarns can be fastened over the fiber layer with the ball yarns. B. from - textile fibers or of non-textile nature or composition and z. B. can be of the type of that of the carrier layer. The cover layer can be actively needled and connected to the ball yarn layer and optionally to the carrier layer by needling. The cover layer prevents damage caused by excessive needling of pre-consolidated ball yarns. The risk of damage to the ball yarns can also be avoided by mixing them with another fiber material as described above.

Vorzugsweise enthält die Faserschicht über eine gesamte Ausdehnung des textilen Flächengebildes die Kugelgarne; diese können aber auch nur auf einem Teil der Ausdehnung des textilen.Flächengebildes mustermäßig vorliegen. Auf diese Weise können textile Flächengebilde mit beliebig gewünschter Struktur, beliebiger Beschaffenheit und beliebigem Aussehen und auch z. B. einer ästhetischen Musterung geschaffen werden. Das textile Flächengebilde kann für einen Textilstoff, z. B. einen Boden- oder Wandbelag, eine Schlafdecke, für Bekleidungsstoffe, für Dekorationsstoffe oder textile Bezugsstoffe, z. B. zum Beziehen von Polstermöbeln aber auch für Isolierzwecke verwendet werden. Zur näheren Erläuterung derartiger Verwendungs- und Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie der Eigenschaften textiler, Kugelgarne enthaltender Flächengebilde sei auf die bereits erwähnte EP-A-0 013 428 verwiesen.The fiber layer preferably contains the ball yarns over an entire extent of the textile fabric; however, these can also be present in a pattern only over part of the extent of the textile fabric. In this way, textile fabrics with any desired structure, any texture and appearance and z. B. an aesthetic pattern. The textile fabric can be used for a textile material, e.g. B. a floor or wall covering, a blanket, for clothing fabrics, for decorative fabrics or textile coverings, for. B. for covering upholstered furniture but also for insulation purposes. For a more detailed explanation of such uses and uses as well as the properties of textile fabrics containing ball yarns, reference is made to the already mentioned EP-A-0 013 428 sen.

Die Kugelgarne können in der Art wie z. B. durch Verwickeln oder durch Knäueln von Fasern zu Kugeln oder länglichen Gebilden zwischen den Fingern der Hand hergestellt werden. Technische Herstellungsverfahren für sphärische Faseraggregate sind z. B. durch die bereits erwähnte DE-OS 2 811 004 bekannt.The ball yarns can be in the manner such. B. by entangling or by tangling fibers into balls or elongated structures between the fingers of the hand. Technical manufacturing processes for spherical fiber aggregates are e.g. B. known from the aforementioned DE-OS 2 811 004.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung in Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 ein textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer, schaubildlicher Darstellung,
  • Fig. 2 ein textiles Flächengebilde mit einer Trägerschicht im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 3 einen Teil des Flächengebildes von Fig. 2 in einer Ansicht gemäß Pfeil C,
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil von Fig. 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung vor der Vernadelung,
  • Fig. 5 ein anderes textiles Flächengebilde mit Trägerschicht im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 6 einen Teil des Flächengebildes von Fig. 5 in einer Ansicht gemäß Pfeil D,
  • Fig. 7 ein weiteres textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 8 ein weiteres textiles Flächengebilde im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung, und
  • Fig. 9 ein Kugelgarn im Schnitt in schematischer Darstellung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing in exemplary embodiments. It shows
  • 1 shows a textile fabric in section in a schematic, diagrammatic representation,
  • 2 a schematic representation of a textile fabric with a carrier layer in section,
  • 3 shows a part of the fabric of FIG. 2 in a view according to arrow C,
  • 4 shows a part of FIG. 2 in an enlarged representation before the needling,
  • 5 shows another textile fabric with carrier layer in section in a schematic representation,
  • 6 shows a part of the fabric of FIG. 5 in a view according to arrow D,
  • 7 a further textile fabric in section in a schematic representation,
  • Fig. 8 shows a further textile fabric in section in a schematic representation, and
  • Fig. 9 is a ball yarn in section in a schematic representation.

Ein textiles Flächengebilde 1 besteht gemäß Fig. 1 aus einer nichtgewebten Faserschicht 2, die einzelne sphärische Faseraggregate enthält. Jedes Faseraggregat 3 ist aus Fasern 4 aufgebaut, die sphärisch verwickelt, z. B. in der Art eines Knäuels verschlungen bzw. eingerollt sind. Die Faseraggregate 3 sind voneinander abgegrenzte runde Körper d. h. runde Kugelgarne 3a, aus welchen die Faserschicht 2 aufgebaut ist. Die Kugetgarne 3a und damit die Faserschicht 2 sind vernadelt und durch aus den Kugelgarnen 3a entstammende Haltefasern 5 verfestigt. Die nadelfähigen Fasern 4 können daher von Nadeln, wie sie zum Verfestigen von textilen Flächengebilden in der Nadelfilztechnik verwendet werden, ohne großen Widerstand und ohne wesentliche Zerstörung der Faserschicht und auch ohne übermäßige Abnutzung der Nadeln ergriffen und in Richtung quer zu Flächenebene der Faserschicht 2 durch die Kugelgarne 3a hindurchgeführt werden. Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, besteht das textile Flächengebilde 1 allein aus der aus einer Vielzahl der Kugelgarne 3a aufgebauten Faserschicht 2, die vorzugsweise eine regelmäßige Gestalt und im wesentlichen einheitliche Abmessungen haben, und hat daher eine Dicke A, die gleich einem Durchmesser B des einzelnen vernadelten Kugelgarns 3a ist. Die Verfestigung kann aber auch mit anderen geeigneten Nadeltechniken z. B. mit Maliwatt-, Malimo- oder Malipolverfahren erfolgt sein. Infolge der Kugelgarne 3a besitzt das textile Flächengebilde 1 eine uneinheitliche, z. B. noppenartige, d. h. strukturierte Oberfläche 6. Wenn erforderlich oder gewünscht, können die Faserschichten 2 oder gegebenenfalls abstehende oder herausstehende Haltefasern 5 zusätzlich durch ein -Bindemittel (nicht gezeigt), z. B. durch Tränken mit demselben und anschließendes Trocknen zusätzlich verfestigt werden.1, a textile fabric 1 consists of a non-woven fiber layer 2, which contains individual spherical fiber aggregates. Each fiber aggregate 3 is made up of fibers 4 which are spherically entangled, e.g. B. are devoured or rolled up in the manner of a ball. The fiber aggregates 3 are delimited round bodies d. H. round ball yarns 3a, from which the fiber layer 2 is constructed. The Kugetgarne 3a and thus the fiber layer 2 are needled and solidified by holding fibers 5 originating from the ball yarns 3a. The needle-capable fibers 4 can therefore be gripped by needles, such as those used to solidify textile fabrics in needle felting technology, without great resistance and without substantial destruction of the fiber layer and also without excessive wear of the needles, and in the direction transverse to the surface plane of the fiber layer 2 through the Ball yarns 3a are passed through. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the textile fabric 1 consists solely of the fiber layer 2 made up of a plurality of ball yarns 3a, which preferably have a regular shape and essentially uniform dimensions, and therefore has a thickness A, which is equal to a diameter B of individual needled ball yarn 3a is. The solidification can also with other suitable needle techniques such. B. with Maliwatt, Malimo or Malipol process. As a result of the ball yarns 3a, the textile fabric 1 has a non-uniform, e.g. B. knob-like, d. H. structured surface 6. If necessary or desired, the fiber layers 2 or optionally protruding or protruding holding fibers 5 can additionally by a binder (not shown), for. B. can also be solidified by soaking with the same and then drying.

Wie die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen, liegt eine nichtgewebte Faserschicht 7 aus Kugelgarnen 8 mit sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 9 vor und besitzt daher eine uneinheitliche, z. B. strukturierte Oberfläche 11. Mittels vernadelten Haltefasern 10, die aus den Kugelgarnen 8 entstammen können, ist die Faserschicht 7 mit einer Trägerschicht 12, z. B. aus einem Vliesstoff verbunden, so daß ein textiles Flächengebilde 13 vorliegt.As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, there is a non-woven fiber layer 7 made of ball yarns 8 with spherically entangled fibers 9 and therefore has a non-uniform, e.g. B. structured surface 11. By means of needled holding fibers 10, which can originate from the ball yarns 8, the fiber layer 7 with a carrier layer 12, for. B. connected from a nonwoven fabric so that a textile fabric 13 is present.

Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, besitzen die Kugelgarne 8 im abgelegten unvernadelten Zustand eine runde Gestalt. Durch das Vernadeln werden die runden Kugelgarne platt- bzw. flachgedrückt (Fig. 2), was z. B. von der Stärke oder Heftigkeit der Vernadelung oder der Bauschigkeit der Kugelgarne abhängt. Durch das Vernadeln kann auch eine Einschnürung erfolgen, so daß eine originelle Struktur vorliegen kann, wie sie z. B. mit zweidimensionalen, flach gelegten Fasern nicht erreicht werden kann.As shown in FIG. 4, the ball yarns 8 have a round shape when they are in the un-needled state. By needling the round ball yarns are flattened or flattened (Fig. 2), which z. B. depends on the strength or intensity of the needling or the bulk of the ball yarns. The needling can also result in a constriction, so that there can be an original structure, such as that shown in FIG. B. cannot be achieved with two-dimensional, flat-laid fibers.

Nach Fig. 5 und 6 enthält eine nichtgewebte Faserschicht 14 wurmförmige Kugelgarne 15 von verschiedener Größe aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 16. Die. Kugetgarne 15 sind mittels Haltefasern 17 mit einer Trägerschicht 18 vernadelt und auf dieser befestigt, so daß insgesamt ein textiles Flächengebilde 19 vorliegt. Infolge der verschiedenen Größen und der Gestalt der Kugetgarne 15 liegt eine uneinheitliche Oberfläche.20 mit besonders ausgeprägter Struktur vor.5 and 6, a non-woven fiber layer 14 contains worm-shaped ball yarns 15 of different sizes made of spherically entangled fibers 16. Die. Kugetgarne 15 are needled by means of holding fibers 17 with a support layer 18 and attached to it, so that a textile fabric 19 is present overall. As a result of the different sizes and the shape of the ball yarns 15, there is a non-uniform surface 20 with a particularly pronounced structure.

Eine Faserschicht 21 nach Fig. 7 enthält verteilt angeordnete Kugelgarne 22 aus sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 23. Die Kugelgarne 22 sind in ein Fasermaterial 24 eingebettet, welches die Räume 25 zwischen den Kugelgarnen 22 ausfüllt und zusammen mit diesen die Faserschicht 21 bildet. Die Kugelgarne 22 sind zusammen mit dem Fasermaterial 24 mittels Haltefasern 26 durch Vernadeln auf einer Trägerschicht 27 befestigt. Wie in einem Teil E von Fig. 7 gezeigt ist, kann über die Kugelgarne 22 eine Deckschicht 28 aus einem Fasermaterial anderer Gestalt als diejenige der Kugelgarne 22 gelegt sein, durch das durch Vernadelung die Kugelgarne 22 mit der Trägerschicht 27 verbunden sind. Die Faserschicht 21 mit den Kugelgarnen 22, dem Fasermaterial 24 und der Deckschicht 28 bildet zusammen mit der Trägerschicht 27 wiederum ein textiles Flächengebilde 29 mit einer z. B. gemusterten Oberfläche.A fiber layer 21 according to FIG. 7 contains distributed spherical yarns 22 made of spherically entangled fibers 23. The spherical yarns 22 are embedded in a fiber material 24, which fills the spaces 25 between the spherical yarns 22 and forms the fiber layer 21 together with them. The ball yarns 22 are fastened together with the fiber material 24 by means of holding fibers 26 by needling on a carrier layer 27. As shown in part E of FIG. 7, a cover layer 28 made of a fiber material of a different shape than that of the ball yarns 22 can be placed over the ball yarns 22, through which the ball yarns 22 are connected to the carrier layer 27 by needling. The fiber layer 21 with the ball yarns 22, the fiber material 24 and the cover layer 28 together with the carrier layer 27 in turn forms a textile fabric 29 with a z. B. patterned surface.

Wie Fig. 8 noch zeigt, enthält eine Faserschicht 30 übereinandergelegte Kugelgarne 31 und 31 a von verschiedener Größe, die durch Haltefasern 32 mittels Vernadeln mit einer Trägerschicht 33 verbunden sind. Es liegt ein textiles Flächengebilde 34 mit ausgeprägter Struktur in der Oberfläche 35 vor.8 also shows, a fiber layer 30 contains superimposed ball yarns 31 and 31 a of different sizes, which are connected by holding fibers 32 by means of needling to a carrier layer 33. There is a textile fabric 34 with a pronounced structure in the surface 35.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann das Kugelgarn mit irgendeinem anderen Material oder Fasern, z. B. Pelzmaterial, Kokosfasern, Ziegenhaar, Fellstücken oder dergleichen gemischt werden oder auch selbst aus einer Mischung von natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern bestehen. Es kann in Teppichen, Nadelfilzen oder dergleichen verwendet werden. Es können auch schrumpffähige Fasern im Kugelgarn vorliegen, so daß beim Schrumpfen sowohl Kugelgarn gegen Kugelgarn als auch das Kugelgarn gegen einen Untergrund, d. h. eine Trägerschicht schrumpfen kann. Dabei tritt z. B. kein Breitensprung auf, da infolge der Verwendung des Kugelgarns sich die Schrumpfung nicht auf die Warenbrejte auswirken kann.As already mentioned, the ball yarn can be made with any other material or fibers, e.g. B. Fur material, coconut fibers, goat hair, pieces of fur or the like are mixed or even consist of a mixture of natural or synthetic fibers. It can be used in carpets, needle felting or the like. There can also be shrinkable fibers in the ball yarn, so that both ball yarn against ball yarn and the ball yarn against a substrate, ie a carrier layer, can shrink during shrinking. Here, z. B. no jump in breadth, because due to the use of the ball yarn shrinkage can not affect the goods width.

Fig. 9 zeigt noch den Aufbau eines Kugelgarns 36 aus einzelnen Fasern 37, die sphärisch verwickelt vorliegen. Sie sind locker ineinander verschlungen, wobei ihre Enden 38 locker um andere Fasern 37 geschlungen bzw. um diese herum sphärisch eingerollt sind, wodurch sie im Faserverband festgehalten werden. Man erkennt die sphärische Orientierung entsprechend der Kugelform des Kugelgarns 36 in den Raumdimensionen gemäß Pfeilen A, B und C.Fig. 9 shows the construction of a ball yarn 36 from individual fibers 37, which are spherically entangled. They are loosely intertwined, with their ends 38 loosely wrapped around other fibers 37 or spherically curled around them, as a result of which they are retained in the fiber structure. One can see the spherical orientation corresponding to the spherical shape of the ball yarn 36 in the spatial dimensions according to arrows A, B and C.

Die Fasern 37 liegen durch kleinere oder größere Lufträume 39, deren Dimensionen diejenige der Faserdicke wesentlich übersteigt, im wesentlichen voneinander getrennt und mit einer Länge von mindestens 15 mm vor und stehen nur durch die lockere Verschlingung miteinander in Berührung. Es liegt daher eine Struktur der locker verschlungenen Fasern 37 vor, so daß dieselben einzeln erfaßbar sind und ohne wesentlichen Widerstand und ohne Auflösung des Kugelgarns 36 einzeln aus demselben herausgezogen werden können. Das Kugelgarn 36 besitzt daher eine geringe, nadelfähige Dichte und z. B. eine Bauschigkeit, durch welche es sich ohne großen Kraftaufwand zusammendrücken läßt. Infolge der sphärisch verwickelten Fasern 37 besitzt das Kugelgarn 36 eine dreidimensionale Ausdehnung und auch eine Elastizität, durch welche es nach Entlastung im wesentlichen oder zur Gänze seine ursprüngliche Gestalt wieder annehmen kann. Dieses ist z. B. bei flach gelegten Fasern, d. h. zweidimensionalen Gebilden oder bei gedrehten Garnen mit ihren durch Drehungserteilung eng aneinanderliegenden und daher in hoher Dichte vorliegenden Fasern nicht erreichbar. Gegenüber Garnen liegt eine mechanische Verfestigung vor, die allein durch die sphärische Verschlingung oder durch sphärisches Einrollen hervorgerufen wird, wobei diese Verschlingungsfestigkeit ein Auflösen des Kugelgarns 36 verhindert. Sie kann z. B. durch gekräuselte Fasern, z. B. unter Verwendung von 40% Polypropylenfasern erhöht werden.The fibers 37 are essentially separated from one another and have a length of at least 15 mm due to smaller or larger air spaces 39, the dimensions of which substantially exceed that of the fiber thickness, and are in contact with one another only through the loose intertwining. There is therefore a structure of the loosely intertwined fibers 37, so that they can be individually grasped and pulled out of the same without any significant resistance and without disintegration of the ball yarn 36. The ball yarn 36 therefore has a low, needle density and z. B. a bulky, through which it can be compressed without much effort. As a result of the spherically entangled fibers 37, the ball yarn 36 has a three-dimensional extent and also an elasticity, by means of which it can essentially or completely return to its original shape after relief. This is e.g. B. with laid fibers, d. H. two-dimensional structures or in the case of twisted yarns with their fibers, which are closely spaced by twisting and therefore present in high density, cannot be reached. Compared to yarns, there is mechanical strengthening which is caused solely by the spherical interlacing or by spherical curling, this entanglement strength preventing the ball yarn 36 from dissolving. You can e.g. B. by crimped fibers, e.g. B. can be increased using 40% polypropylene fibers.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung besitzt daher z. B. gegenüber den bereits genannten, bekannten harten Gebilden aus verfilzten kurzen Fasern vollständig andere Eigenschaften, die wegen ihrer hohen Dichte von z. B. Nadeln nicht durchdrungen und auch wegen ihrer Faserlänge von 3 mm von denselben nicht erfaßt werden können, d. h. nicht nadelfähig sind. Das Kugelgarn kann dagegen infolge seiner nadelfähigen Dichte bei einem Vernadelungsprozeß in seiner gesamten Dicke ohne Auflösen von den Nadeln durchstoßen werden, wobei die Fasern 37 infolge ihrer Länge von mindestens 15 mm erfaßt und durch das Kugelgarn 36 hindurch gezogen werden können.The ball yarn according to the invention therefore has z. B. compared to the already known, hard structures made of matted short fibers completely different properties because of their high density of z. B. needles not penetrated and also because of their fiber length of 3 mm cannot be detected by the same, d. H. are not needled. The ball yarn, on the other hand, can be pierced in its entire thickness without disintegration by the needles due to its needled density in a needling process, the fibers 37 being gripped due to their length of at least 15 mm and being able to be pulled through the ball yarn 36.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung läßt sich auch nicht mit einer Noppe oder einer Nisse vergleichen, die bekanntlich aus einem Gewirr verschlungener zu einem Knötchen zusammengezogenen Fasern besteht (P. Böttcher, Textiltechnik, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, Seiten 750 und 758). Sie sind daher ebenfalls harte Gebilde mit hoher Dichte aus verfilzten Fasern und weisen daher keine nadelfähige Dichte wie das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung auf. Eine Nisse ist darüber hinaus ein ungewolltes bzw. unerwünschtes Fehlprodukt und besitzt eine Größe von weniger als 3 mm, d. h. sie ist bereits aus diesem Grunde nicht nadelfähig und enthält z. B. nur 10 Einzeifasern. Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung ist dagegen aus wesentlich mehr als 10 Einzeifasern aufgebaut und stellt ein fertiges gewünschtes Produkt dar, das z. B. gegenüber Garnen., Noppen oder Nissen riesel- oder rollfähig ist.The ball yarn according to the invention can also not be compared with a pimple or a nisse, which is known to consist of a tangle of intertwined fibers that have been drawn into a nodule (P. Böttcher, Textiltechnik, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1970, pages 750 and 758). They are therefore also hard structures with high density made of felted fibers and therefore do not have a needle density like the ball yarn according to the invention. A nit is also an unwanted or undesirable defective product and has a size of less than 3 mm, i. H. for this reason alone it is not needable and contains e.g. B. only 10 single fibers. The ball yarn according to the invention, on the other hand, is made up of considerably more than 10 single fibers and represents a finished desired product which, for. B. against yarns, knobs or nits is free-flowing or rollable.

Das Kugelgarn nach der Erfindung kann vor seiner Verwendung, z. B. in einem textilen Flächengebilde vorverfestigt sein. Hierfür kann die natürliche Filzfähigkeit von Wollfasern ausgenutzt werden, durch welche im Kugeigarn unter Beibehaltung seiner iiadelfähigen Dichte über die sphärische Verwicklung der Fasern hinaus eine zusätzliche Festigkeit erreicht werden kann. Das Kugelgarn kann aber auch mit einem Bindemittel getränkt oder beschichtet werden. Hierbei ist*die lockere Struktur desselben von Vorteil, weil die Oberfläche der Einzelfasern für das Bindemittel erreichbar ist und dieses in das Kugelgarn voll eindringen kann. Bei z. B. Noppen oder Nissen oder auch Garnen ist dagegen die Oberfläche der Einzelfaser durch benachbarte Fasern blockiert und daher für ein Bindemittel nicht in derselben Weise wie beim Kugelgarn erreichbar, was auch z. B. für ein Färbemittel gilt.The ball yarn according to the invention can be used, e.g. B. be pre-consolidated in a fabric. For this purpose, the natural felting ability of wool fibers can be exploited, through which additional strength can be achieved in the ball yarn, while maintaining its needle-like density, beyond the spherical entanglement of the fibers. The ball yarn can also be soaked or coated with a binder. Here, * the loose structure of the same is advantageous because the surface of the individual fibers can be reached by the binder and this can penetrate fully into the ball yarn. At z. B. pimples or nits or yarns, on the other hand, the surface of the single fiber is blocked by adjacent fibers and therefore not reachable for a binder in the same way as with ball yarn. B. applies to a colorant.

Beispiele für Kugelgarne sind nachfolgend tabellarisch aufgeführt, wobei verschiedene Faserarten gegen Kugelgarngröße, Faserwerte sowie-Vernadlungsbedingungen eingetragen sind:

Figure imgb0001
Examples of ball yarns are listed in the table below, with different types of fibers being entered against ball yarn size, fiber values and needling conditions:
Figure imgb0001

Die Vernadlungsbedingungen sind z. B. nur ein Parameter in einer Reihe von Bedingungen, die z. B. durch die qualitativen Anforderungen für das Kugelgarn bzw. das textile Flächengebilde bestimmt werden. Die Nadeldichten bzw. Stichdichten können für verschiedene Größen der Stichdichte von 25-50% erfolgen, wenn diese aufgrund z. B. der Größe des Kugelgarns, Fasertyp oder dergleichen vorteilhaft ist, weil bereits eine gewisse Vorverflechtung der Fasern durch die sphärische Verwicklung derselben im Kugelgarn vorliegt. Der Kugeldurchmesser, d. h. die Größe des Kugelgarns ist z. B. unabhängig von der Faserlänge. So können mit der gleichen Faserlänge Kugeln von 4 mm Durchmesser und solche von 25 mm Durchmesser hergestellt werden. Die Kugelgröße kann weiterhin abhängig sein von der Faserfeinheit, einer Kräuselung der verwendeten Faser oder deren E-Modul.The needling conditions are e.g. B. only one parameter in a series of conditions, e.g. B. be determined by the qualitative requirements for the ball yarn or the textile fabric. The needle densities or stitch densities can be made for different sizes of stitch density from 25-50% if these are due to e.g. B. the size of the ball yarn, fiber type or the like is advantageous because there is already some pre-interlacing of the fibers due to the spherical entanglement of the same in the ball yarn. The ball diameter, d. H. the size of the ball yarn is z. B. regardless of the fiber length. Thus balls with a diameter of 4 mm and those with a diameter of 25 mm can be produced with the same fiber length. The ball size can also depend on the fiber fineness, crimping of the fiber used or its modulus of elasticity.

Aufgrund der Riesel- und Rollfähigkeit kann eine Vielzahl von Kugelgarnen nach der Erfindung in willkürlicher Verteilung, z. B. ungeordnet oder statistisch verteilt, in einer einzigen Schicht oder in mehreren Schichten übereinander abgelegt werden. Man kann somit eine Faserschicht mit einer entsprechenden Oberflächenstruktur, z. B. visuellem Eindruck, herstellen. Es kann jedoch auch eine dosierte, d. h. geordnete Ablage einer Vielzahl von Kugelgarnen in einer gewünschten vorgegebenen Anordnung der Kugelgarne, z. B. in einem Muster, reihenförmig, karreeförmig oder dergleichen erfolgen. Durch geordnete Ablage läßt sich das in Form der Kugelgarne vorliegende Fasermaterial in gewünschter Weise z. B. für eine Vernadlung in überraschender Weise dosieren. Das Fasermaterial kann daher genau an einem gewünschten Ort einer herzustellenden Faserschicht abgelegt und verfestigt oder auf einer Trägerschicht befestigt werden. Es kann eine Anordnung in z. B. parallelen Reihen, z. B. auch mit gegeneinander versetzten Kugelgarnen erfolgen, was bisher mit Fasergebilden von anderer Gestalt, wenn überhaupt, nur mit einem entsprechenden Aufwand möglich gewesen ist. So lassen sich z. B. gewebeähnliche Strukturen ausbilden. Es kann aber auch zunächst eine Schicht aus Kugelgarnen größeren Durchmessers dosiert abgelegt und dann darüber dosiert eine Schicht aus . kleineren Kugelgarnen oder die zwischen den größeren Kugelgarnen befindlichen Lücken mit kleineren Kugelgarnen dosiert ausgefüllt werden.Due to the flow and roll ability, a variety of ball yarns according to the invention in an arbitrary distribution, for. B. disordered or statistically distributed, in a single layer or in several layers one above the other. You can thus a fiber layer with a corresponding surface structure, for. B. produce a visual impression. However, a metered, i.e. H. orderly storage of a plurality of ball yarns in a desired predetermined arrangement of the ball yarns, for. B. in a pattern, row-shaped, square or the like. By orderly filing the present in the form of ball yarn fiber material in the desired manner z. B. dosing for needling in a surprising manner. The fiber material can therefore be deposited and solidified precisely at a desired location of a fiber layer to be produced or fastened to a carrier layer. An arrangement in e.g. B. parallel rows, e.g. B. also with staggered ball yarns, which was previously possible with fiber structures of a different shape, if at all, only with a corresponding effort. So z. B. form tissue-like structures. However, a layer of ball yarns of larger diameter can first be deposited in a metered manner and then a layer metered out over it. smaller ball yarns or the gaps between the larger ball yarns can be filled in with smaller ball yarns.

Claims (18)

1. Spherical fibre aggregate, especially for textile fabrics, in which the fibres are entwined together and which has a diameter of at least 3 mm, characterised in that there is present a yarn ball with a density of 0,01 to 0,1 gr/cm3 in which the fibres, having a length of at least 15 mm, are spherically entwined and capable of being needled.
2. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball is capable of being actively needled.
3. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibre length is40 to 120 mm.
4. Fibre aggregate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fibres are spherically twisted or curled together.
5. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball has a diameter up to 50 mm.
6. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball has a round cross-section.
7. Fibre aggregate according to claim 6, characterized in that the yarn ball is off ball-shaped form, e. g. with a breadth to length ratio of 1:1.
8. Fibre aggregate according to claim 6, characterized in that the yarn ball has an oval form, e. g. with a breadth to length ratio of 1 : 2.
9. Fibre aggregate according to claim 6, characterized in that the yarn ball has a vermicular shape, e. g. having a breadth to length ratio of 1 : 3 to 1 : 5.
10. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual fibres are single filaments.
11. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual fibres of the yarn ball contain individual filaments helically spun into each other.
12. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterised in that the individual fibres of the yarn ball contain a number of individual filaments not twisted together, e. g. lying substantially parallel.
13. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball contains, as individual fibres, natural fibres, e. g. cotton or wool, animal hair or the like, or synthetic fibres, or a mixture.
-14. Fibre aggregate according to claim 13, characterized in that the yarn ball contains crimped fibres, e. g. crimped synthetic fibres.
15. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn båll is a finite body.
16. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball is pourable or capable of being rolled.
17. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball contains a binder.
18. Fibre aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn ball contains shrinkable fibres.
EP19790105379 1979-01-09 1979-12-27 Spherical fibrous aggregate Expired EP0013427B1 (en)

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AT79105379T ATE7520T1 (en) 1979-01-09 1979-12-27 SPHERICAL FIBER AGGREGATE.

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CH15779A CH625931B (en) 1979-01-09 1979-01-09 TEXTILE AREA AND ITS USE.
CH157/79 1979-01-09
CH10152/79 1979-11-14
CH1015279 1979-11-14

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