EP0091971A1 - Arrangement for operating parts and accessories - Google Patents

Abstract

1. System for driving moving parts along a track or roadway, in particular a system for driving model or toy vehicles on which the driving power is transmitted contactlessly by the magnetic field generated by the system to at least one permanent magnet serving as a receiver on the moving vehicle, and rotated by the effect of the field, the magnet being magnetized perpendicularly to the rotating shaft so that the magnetic field generated by the system produces a component perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the permanent magnet and that this system is equipped with one or more conductor arrangements tp produce an alternating magnetic field for the purpose of driving the part and, if desired, a steady magnetic field for controlling the part and its internal operations, distinguished in particular by : a field generating arrangement which consists of at least a single rod conductor which follows the route of travel or acts as a rail for a rail vehicle.

Description

The invention relates to a system with stationary, movable and moving parts, which are achieved by sufficient, electromagnetically generated field strength in order to effect drives and / or controls.

Such stray field steering and drives by means of synchronously rotating permanent magnet shafts are described in my application EP 80 104 701.0. You are contactless. Their frequencies range from a few Hertz to a few thousand, which are generated in a continuously variable manner by transistor frequency generators, with preferably automatically controlled frequency increase gradients.

The synchronous speeds, which could lead to practically unusable high speeds when rolling directly from the permanent magnet rollers on the web, are advantageously reduced. As is well known, this results in higher torques or less need for ampere turns and less power required in the square.

The planetary planetary gears shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are particularly suitable for reduction in the range of about 1: 100, the drive magnet being able to rotate as a planetary gear, that is to say without external power being introduced by a shaft. The gear housing can be both a protection and a wheel. According to the invention are not for generating the electric magnetic field

only "coils" with many turns and thus higher self-induction, but on the contrary, windings with minimal self-induction, that is to say "rods" as it is called in electrical engineering and large transformer construction, with even the winding heads being omitted, as described below or 1/2 turn, 1 or 1 1/2 Turns, at least a few turns. The conductor shapes and arrangements are arbitrary, even existing 220 volt cables can be used without risk of contact. Their stray field is completely sufficient for operation.

If the "winding overhangs" are omitted, it is considerably cheaper. Possibility to use flat car roads in pluggable elements. Equally cheaper is the use of 1-2 rods instead of the "windings" made of painted conductors, now e.g. 2mm aluminum wire without insulation, inserted into the plastic sheet elements or freely arranged.

As an example, use the track of a model railway e.g. Gauge N. Progress and cost-effectiveness can be seen very succinctly due to the omission of any winding. One or two rails, which were named "rods" above, are used as the arrangement for distributing the magnetic field. With a cost of 0.30 DM a car runs at 3.35 km / h at 50 Hz e.g. The magnet costs that little.

In this case, a 4 amp rail is passed at 0.5 volts for a 10 meter track length (2 watts). The usual railway operations are not disturbed. A different frequency can be routed through the 2nd rail for a 3rd train. It is advisable to carry out a small shielding of the magnetic rotor against the other field distribution of the other rail if it is completely decoupled. You can also e.g. The same frequency in both rails are fed so that the currents flow in the same direction or in the opposite direction, with fields according to Fig. 4 and 5. Their horizontal (Fig.4.) Or vertical (Fig.5) main components can only drive rotors with vertical (Fig.4) or horizontal (Fig.5) or both the permanent magnet rotors with an axis of rotation in travel = rod direction.

For control functions through the additional use of direct current components, there are twice as many control options due to the polarities.

The same applies to a highway. One or two rods are arranged to the right or left of the carriageway, or several in between or immediately next to it for other frequency circuits. Aluminum wires are preferably used here, e.g. 2 mm in diameter, nickel-plated, pointed on one side of a track element, provided on the other side with slotted tubes to accommodate another pointed wire end. Attention should be drawn to the cheapening of thick rather than coated thin wires. Of course, there is no need for plastic street elements, you can wire or put together: pieces of wire that can be plugged into any lengths, placed on or under the table, buried in the ground or shipped in the swimming pool. With the latter, the low operating voltage is often an advantage.

There is no need for a closed railway to operate, just the field. The "ladder" can also be concealed as "guardrails", fences, overhead lines, telephone lines. If existing :: freeway types are used for this purpose, the conductors in the railway area are used without problems as described for the railway. It is recalled that these drives are suitable for the smallest vehicles.

The very essential advantage of this application is the low self-induction of "rods". At the higher frequencies of this application, compensation capacitors would also have to be used with the frequency switchable.

In the case of coils with many turns of a given conductor volume, changes in the number of turns and the cross section do not bring much, since the time constant remains the same, and thus the cos α.

Sufficient ampere turns, on the other hand, can be achieved by a "rod" with more amperes, which, as is known, does not directly influence self-induction.

The torques of such drives are constant from 0 in the entire frequency range. The transferable power increases proportionally to the speed. This is known, but be repeated.

For the purpose of starting in the desired directions, a very small piece of magnet is provided, which holds the permanent magnet rotor in a position at a standstill such that the direction of magnetization is approximately perpendicular to the field direction through the conductor.

In order to determine the direction of rotation, a small direct current component must be used during the start-up, which sets the rotor slightly out of its zero position. The rotor can only start up in this direction.

The reduction gear with the permanent magnet rotors mentioned on page 1, line 16, either drawn in the housing or in dashed lines in FIG. 7 with the drive of a toothed or friction wheel instead of the magnet rotor NS inside, can of course also be stationary and, if appropriate, provided with its own winding as geared motors Find use.

• Fig. 1 zeigt unter a eine Seite einer Spiel-Autostraβe mit ein-
  
  Draht, z.b. Alu 2 Ø yernickelt unter b mit einem Plachband, wie in der Auto-Electricals Stecker für hohe Stromstärken üblich.
• Fig. 2 zeigt in Schnitt, unter a ein Endröhrchen, auf den Alu-draht aufgebrachr, Verlötet, in den der angespitzte Stecker-Draht, darunter gezeichret, eingeführt werden kann, wieder lösbar. Sie zeigt unter b das Flachband, welches, wie in der Auto-Elektrik üblich, in einer, darunter gezeichneten Doppelkontakt-Steckbuchse Kontakt macht, wieder lösbar.
• Fig.3 zeigt das Magnetfeld um 2 Drähte, die gleichsinnig von einem Strom einer Frequenz ohne Phasenverschiebung gegeneinander, durchflassen werden. Ein Magnet-Rotor, der davon angetrieben werden kann und seine Drehachse sind eingezeichnet.
• Fig.4 zeigt entsprechendes, wenn die Ströme entgegengesetzt sind.
• Fig.5 zeigt schematisch die Abschirmung eines Leiter-Feldes gegen den Permanent-Magne-Rotor durch ferritisches/ferromagnetisches Material gegen das Feld des anderen Leiters.
• Fig.6 die Untersetzung durch ein Planet-Umlauf-Getriebe vermittels in demselben umlaufenden Magnet, der durch ein äueres Peldauf synchroner Drehzahl mit demselben läuft. Der Magnet hat den Durchmesser δ. Auf einer Seite trägt z.B. ein auf der durch das Durchmesserverhältnis δ zu d die Untersetzung bestimmt. Der Magnetrotor ist mit N-S bezeichnet. Das Gehäuseteil 2 und die Lagerungdurch den feststehenden Pügel 3, des Getriebeteils 4 sind mit dem Fahrzeug feststeherd verbunden, wohingegen sich der Getriebeteil 4 zugleich als Rad des Fahrzeugs mit verminderter Drehzahl, z.B. im Verhältnis 1:100 dreht.
• Fig.7 zeigt eine eigentliche Planet-Funktion, wobei die Masse des mit hoher Drehzahl umlaufenden (Planet)-Magnets, durch die Gegenmasse G ausgeglichen ist. Für den Andruck eines Reibgetriebes wird durch Anordnung gesorgt, die nicht Gegenstand der Anmeldung ist. Da auch statt des Reib-Antriebs der Untersetzung eine Verzahnung oder ein " Magnetzahn "- Antrieb vorgesehen sein kann, entfällt die nähere Beschreibung. Natürlich kann auch durch die gepunktete Welle 5, die Leistung von rechts eingeleitet werden, wenn der Magnet-Potor außerhalb ist und statt des Läufers N-S ein anderer Planet vorgesehen.

Otherwise, the planetary drive should be accomplished with a friction wheel, gearwheel or magnetic toothing, but this does not change the principle.

• 1 shows under a a side of a game street with a
  
  Wire, eg Alu 2 Ø yernelled under b with a flat band, as usual in the Auto-Electricals connector for high currents.
• Fig. 2 shows in section, under a an end tube, soldered onto the aluminum wire, soldered, into which the pointed plug wire, shown underneath, can be inserted, detachable again. Under b, it shows the ribbon, which, as is common in automotive electronics, makes contact in a double-contact socket shown below, detachable again.
• 3 shows the magnetic field around 2 wires, through which a current of a frequency without phase shift relative to one another flows in the same direction. A magnetic rotor that can be driven by it and its axis of rotation are shown.
• Fig. 4 shows the same if the currents are opposite.
• 5 shows schematically the shielding of a conductor field against the permanent magnet rotor by ferritic / ferromagnetic material against the field of the other conductor.
• 6 shows the reduction by means of a planetary planetary gear mechanism in the same rotating magnet, which runs at the same speed through an external Peldauf synchronous speed. The magnet has the diameter δ. For example, on one side there is a reduction determined by the diameter ratio δ to d. The magnet rotor is labeled NS. The housing part 2 and the bearing through the fixed bracket 3, the gear part 4 are fixed to the vehicle, whereas the gear part 4 also rotates as a wheel of the vehicle at a reduced speed, for example in a ratio of 1: 100.
• 7 shows an actual planet function, the mass of the (planet) magnet rotating at high speed being balanced by the counter mass G. For the pressure of a friction gear is ensured by an arrangement that is not the subject of the application. Since a toothing or a "magnetic tooth" drive can also be provided instead of the friction drive of the reduction, the detailed description is omitted. Of course, the dotted shaft 5 can also be used to initiate the power from the right when the magnet rotor is outside and another planet is provided instead of the rotor NS.

Claims (4)

1. System for operating stationary, moving and moving parts and the associated parts, in particular system for operating toys and toy vehicles, the drive power being generated by an electromagnetic field generated by the system contactlessly on at least one permanent magnet serving as a receiving element and rotating under the influence of the field of the part is transmitted, which is wheel or wave-shaped, magnetized in the wheel or shaft diameter, that by. the system generated magnetic field has a component perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the permanent magnet (s) and that this system is provided with one or more windings for generating and distributing an alternating magnetic field for the purpose of transporting the part and / or a DC magnetic field for the purpose of controlling the part and processes therein , characterized in that: the winding consists of any conductor shapes and arrangements, for example of "rod" or "rods" without a winding head or of a half, one, one and a half or generally a few turns or parts of turns of wire or profile conductors in the form of possibly straight lines which can be plugged together, Arches, circles and other orbit configurations. 2.According to claim 1, system, characterized in that a rail or more of a railroad system or conductor inserts of a conventional motorway are used to carry the current as a "conductor", the electromagnetic field of which is used for operation. 3.According to claim 1 + 2, characterized in that a magnet is provided in the vicinity of the permanent rotor for the purpose of unambiguous starting direction, which makes it at a standstill with its magnetization direction approximately perpendicular to the field lines of the rods and that a corresponding bias with a DC component in the supply field Rotation of e.g. 45 ° programmed to start in this direction. 4.According to claims 1-2, characterized in that the effect according to claim 3 is brought about solely by a corresponding DC magnetization.

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