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EP0089083A1 - Broadband power divider/combiner for HF circuits, and impedance transformer made with this divider/combiner - Google Patents

Broadband power divider/combiner for HF circuits, and impedance transformer made with this divider/combiner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089083A1
EP0089083A1 EP83200332A EP83200332A EP0089083A1 EP 0089083 A1 EP0089083 A1 EP 0089083A1 EP 83200332 A EP83200332 A EP 83200332A EP 83200332 A EP83200332 A EP 83200332A EP 0089083 A1 EP0089083 A1 EP 0089083A1
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Prior art keywords
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adder
divider
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divider according
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EP83200332A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0089083B1 (en
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François de Ronde
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Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Laboratoires dElectronique et de Physique Appliquee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadband power adder-divider for microwave circuits produced in a flat structure and in particular according to the technique of the printed circuit in the form of a microstrip. It also relates to an impedance transformer produced from this adder-divider.
  • a more sophisticated solution consists in using a transmission line of non-uniform width (called in English "typing”), equivalent to an impedance transformer composed of a large number of small discontinuities, and described by example in the article “Impedance matching by tapered transmission lines'; AH Hall,” The Microwave Journal “, March 1966, pages 1C9 to 114.
  • a transmission line of non-uniform width called in English "typing”
  • impedance transformer composed of a large number of small discontinuities
  • the object of the invention is to propose a microwave power adder-divider in which the problem of impedance matching is satisfactorily resolved while retaining a reduced overall size and obtaining a frequency band of several octaves.
  • the invention relates to an adder-divider comprising on one side a first conductive transmission line traversed by the entire microwave current, on the other two conductive transmission lines in parallel dividing this current and, between the two , a conductive transition zone delimited by two contours in an arc of a tangent circle on one side to the first line, on the other to the two lines in parallel, and crossed transversely to the directions of propagation of the current by parallel slots.
  • the current lines are constrained by stay within a limited width of the transmission line, which avoids sudden variations in impedance in the transition zone, which lead to mismatch.
  • the power adder-divider shown in FIG. 1 is designed to equip a microwave circuit in a flat structure, of the microstrip type, and comprises a first conductive transmission line 10, of width w, crossed by the entire microwave current, second and third conductive transmission lines 20 and 30, here also of width w, which are equally distributed in this case this microwave current, and, between line 10 and the two lines 20 and 30 a conductive transition zone 40, delimited by two contours 41 and 42 in an arc of a circle tangentially connected to the first line 10 and to the second and third lines 20 and 30.
  • This zone 40 is crossed transversely to the mean directions of propagation of the current (indicated in FIG. 1 by the two arrows parallel to the contours 41 and 42, in the case where the device is a power divider) by parallel slots in the form of arc of a circle (they could also be rectilinear), in the case shown eight slots 51 to 58, the ends of which are situated at a distance from the contours 41 and 42 less than the width of the transmission lines.
  • This structure forces the current lines to remain inside a conductive strip of width less than that of lines 10 to 30 (the approximate limit of this current flow band is shown in FIG.
  • the present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments, from which variants can be proposed without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
  • any residual reflections at low frequencies of the bandwidth of the adder-divider or of the impedance transformer can be completely eliminated by capacitive line segments 71 to 74 arranged transversely to line 10, at a distance from each other equal to a quarter of the wavelength X m associated with the maximum frequency of the passband, and located at an average distance from each other end of the device (the border between zone 40 and lines 20 and 30) equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ M associated with the minimum frequency of the passband.

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  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

Additionneur-diviseur de puissance à large bande pour circuit hyperfréquence, comprenant une première ligne de transmission conductrice (10) destinée à être traversée par la totalité du courant hyperfréquence, des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission conductrices (20) et (30) se répartissant ce courant hyperfréquence et une zone conductrice (40) dite de transition située entre cette première et les deuxième et troisième lignes, cette zone étant délimitée par deux contours (41) et (42) en arc de cercle, raccordés tangentiellement à la première ligne d'une part et aux deuxième et troisième lignes d'autre part, et traversée transversalement aux directions de propagation du courant par des fentes parallèles (51) à (58) dont les extrémités sont situées à une distance desdits contours en arc de cercle inférieure à la largeur des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission.Broadband power splitter for microwave circuit, comprising a first conductive transmission line (10) intended to be traversed by the entire microwave current, second and third conductive transmission lines (20) and (30) distributed this microwave current and a conductive zone (40) called transition located between this first and the second and third lines, this zone being delimited by two contours (41) and (42) in an arc of a circle, tangentially connected to the first line d 'on the one hand and in the second and third lines on the other hand, and crossed transversely to the directions of propagation of the current by parallel slits (51) to (58) whose ends are located at a distance from said contours in an arc of a circle less than the width of the second and third transmission lines.

Application : tous circuit hyperfréquence de combinaison ou de répartition de puissance.

Figure imgaf001
Application: all combination or power distribution microwave circuits.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention a trait à un additionneur-diviseur de puissance à large bande pour circuit hyperfréquence réalisé en structure plane et notamment suivant la technique du circuit imprimé sous forme de microruban. Elle concerne également un transformateur d'impédance réalisé à partir de cet additionneur-diviseur.The present invention relates to a broadband power adder-divider for microwave circuits produced in a flat structure and in particular according to the technique of the printed circuit in the form of a microstrip. It also relates to an impedance transformer produced from this adder-divider.

La solution la plus couramment utilisée pour l'adaptation d'impédance est l'utilisation de transformateurs dits quart d'onde, décrits notamment dans l'article "General synthesis of quarterwave impedance transformers", H.J. Riblet, IRE Trans. MTT, janvier 1957, pages 36 à 43, ou encore dans l'article "Design of stepped microstrip components" de G. Kompa, paru aux pages 53 à 63 de la revue "The Radio and Electronic Engineer", volume 48, N°l/2, janvier- février 1978 (voir spécialement la figure 13 de ce dernier document). Ces dispositifs présentent cependant l'inconvénient de n'être adaptés que pour une seule fréquence : en effet, les réflexions qui se produisent au niveau des deux discontinuités ne se compensent plus lorsqu'on s'écarte de cette fréquence (elles restent néanmoins acceptables .sur une bande d'une octave environ centrée sur cette fréquence).The most commonly used solution for impedance matching is the use of so-called quarter wave transformers, described in particular in the article "General synthesis of quarterwave impedance transformers", H.J. Riblet, IRE Trans. MTT, January 1957, pages 36 to 43, or also in the article "Design of stepped microstrip components" by G. Kompa, published on pages 53 to 63 of the review "The Radio and Electronic Engineer", volume 48, N ° 1/2, January- February 1978 (see especially Figure 13 of this latter document). However, these devices have the drawback of being suitable for only one frequency: in fact, the reflections which occur at the level of the two discontinuities no longer compensate each other when deviating from this frequency (they nevertheless remain acceptable. on a band of about one octave centered on this frequency).

Une solution plus perfectionnée consiste en l'utilisation d'une ligne de transmission de largeur non uniforme (appelée en anglais "taper"), équivalente à un transformateur d'impédance composé d'un grand nombre de discontinuités de faibles dimensions, et décrite par exemple dans l'article "Impedance matching by tapered transmission lines'; A.H. Hall, "The Microwave Journal", mars 1966, pages 1C9 à 114. On obtient avec un tel dispositif une bande passante nettement supérieure et une distribution bien meilleure, sinon optimale, des réflexions localisées, mais au prix d'une longueur totale supérieure.A more sophisticated solution consists in using a transmission line of non-uniform width (called in English "typing"), equivalent to an impedance transformer composed of a large number of small discontinuities, and described by example in the article "Impedance matching by tapered transmission lines'; AH Hall," The Microwave Journal ", March 1966, pages 1C9 to 114. We obtain with such a device a significantly higher bandwidth and a much better, if not optimal, distribution , localized reflections, but at the cost of a greater total length.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un additionneur-diviseur de puissance hyperfréquence dans lequel le problème de l'adaptation d'impédance est résolu de façon satisfaisante tout en conservant un encombrement réduit et en obtenant une bande de fréquences de plusieurs octaves.The object of the invention is to propose a microwave power adder-divider in which the problem of impedance matching is satisfactorily resolved while retaining a reduced overall size and obtaining a frequency band of several octaves.

L'invention concerne à cet effet un additionneur-diviseur comprenant d'un côté une première ligne de transmission conductrice traversée par la totalité du courant hyperfréquence, de l'autre deux lignes de transmission conductrices en parallèle se répartissant ce courant et, entre les deux, une zone conductrice de transition délimitée par deux contours en arc de cercle tangents d'un côté à la première ligne, de l'autre aux deux lignes en parallèle, et traversée transversalement aux directions de propagation du courant par des fentes parallèles. Comme les extrémités de ces fentes sont à une distance desdits contours inférieure à la largeur desdites deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission, et que par ailleurs la distance entre les fentes reste notablement inférieure à la longueur d'onde, les lignes de courant sont contraintes de rester à l'intérieur d'une largeur limitée de ligne de transmission, ce qui évite des variations soudaines d'impédance dans la zone de transition, génératrices de désadaptation.To this end, the invention relates to an adder-divider comprising on one side a first conductive transmission line traversed by the entire microwave current, on the other two conductive transmission lines in parallel dividing this current and, between the two , a conductive transition zone delimited by two contours in an arc of a tangent circle on one side to the first line, on the other to the two lines in parallel, and crossed transversely to the directions of propagation of the current by parallel slots. As the ends of these slots are at a distance from said contours less than the width of said second and third transmission lines, and that moreover the distance between the slots remains appreciably less than the wavelength, the current lines are constrained by stay within a limited width of the transmission line, which avoids sudden variations in impedance in the transition zone, which lead to mismatch.

Les particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront maintenant de façon plus détaillée dans la description qui suit, effectuée en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un additionneur-diviseur de puissance selon l'invention, et la figure 2 une variante de ce mode de réalisation ;
  • - la figure 3 montre un transformateur d'impédance réalisé à partir de l'additionneur-diviseur de la figure 1.
The features and advantages of the invention will now appear in more detail in the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples and in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a power adder-divider according to the invention, and Figure 2 a variant of this embodiment;
  • - Figure 3 shows an impedance transformer made from the adder-divider of Figure 1.

L'additionneur-diviseur de puissance représenté sur la figure 1 est prévu pour équiper un circuit hyperfréquence en structure plane, du type à microruban, et comprend une première ligne de transmission conductrice 10, de largeur w, traversée par la totalité du courant hyperfréquence, des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission conductrices 20 et 30, ici de largeur w également, qui se répartissent de façon égale dans le cas présent ce courant hyperfréquence, et, entre la ligne 10 et les deux lignes 20 et 30 une zone conductrice de transition 40, délimitée par deux contours 41 et 42 en arc de cercle raccordés tangentiellement à la première ligne 10 et aux deuxième et troisième lignes 20 et 30.The power adder-divider shown in FIG. 1 is designed to equip a microwave circuit in a flat structure, of the microstrip type, and comprises a first conductive transmission line 10, of width w, crossed by the entire microwave current, second and third conductive transmission lines 20 and 30, here also of width w, which are equally distributed in this case this microwave current, and, between line 10 and the two lines 20 and 30 a conductive transition zone 40, delimited by two contours 41 and 42 in an arc of a circle tangentially connected to the first line 10 and to the second and third lines 20 and 30.

Cette zone 40 est traversée transversalement aux directions moyennes de propagation du courant (indiquées sur la figure 1 par les deux flèches parallèles aux contours 41 et 42, dans le cas où le dispositif est un diviseur de puissance) par des fentes parallèles en forme d'arc de cercle (elles pourraient aussi être rectilignes), dans le cas représenté huit fentes 51 à 58, dont les extrémités sont situées à une distance des contours 41 et 42 inférieure à la largeur des lignes de transmission. Cette structure contraint les lignes de courant à rester à l'intérieur d'une bande conductrice de largeur inférieure à celle des lignes 10 à 30 (la limite approximative de cette bande de circulation du courant est représentée sur la figure 1 en traits interrompus), ce qui évite des variations soudaines d'impédance pendant la traversée dela zone de transition 40 et réalise donc une répartition progressive des réflexions le long du dispositif. Une symétrie électrique plus complète du dispositif peut être obtenue si l'on prévoit (voir la figure 2) une fente longitudinale 60 dans toute la zone de transition 40, cette fente 60 traversant les fentes 51 à 58 perpendiculairement et en leur milieu et étant destinée à isoler les deux lignes 20 et 30 (cette isolation est utile surtout dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en additionneur et peut encore être améliorée en recouvrant la fente 60 d'une couche d'absorption).This zone 40 is crossed transversely to the mean directions of propagation of the current (indicated in FIG. 1 by the two arrows parallel to the contours 41 and 42, in the case where the device is a power divider) by parallel slots in the form of arc of a circle (they could also be rectilinear), in the case shown eight slots 51 to 58, the ends of which are situated at a distance from the contours 41 and 42 less than the width of the transmission lines. This structure forces the current lines to remain inside a conductive strip of width less than that of lines 10 to 30 (the approximate limit of this current flow band is shown in FIG. 1 in dashed lines), which avoids sudden variations in impedance during the crossing of the transition zone 40 and therefore achieves a gradual distribution of the reflections along the device. A more complete electrical symmetry of the device can be obtained if a longitudinal slot 60 is provided (see FIG. 2) throughout the transition zone 40, this slot 60 passing through the slots 51 to 58 perpendicularly and in the middle and being intended to isolate the two lines 20 and 30 (this insulation is useful especially in the case of an adder operation and can be further improved by covering the slot 60 with an absorption layer).

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée à de tels exemples de réalisation, à partir desquels des variantes peuvent être proposées sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention. On peut notamment utiliser l'additionneur-diviseur qui vient d'être décrit pour la réalisation d'un tranformateur d'impédance adapté à large bande, obtenu, comme le montre la figure 3, par le raccordement l'une à l'autre des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission conductrices 20 et 30. Par ailleurs, les éventuelles réflexions résiduelles aux basses fréquences de la bande passante de l'additionneur-diviseur ou du transformateur d'impédance peuvent être complètement éliminées par des tronçons de ligne capacitifs 71 à 74 disposés transversalement à la ligne 10, à une distance l'un de l'autre égale au quart de la longueur d'onde Xm associée à la fréquence maximale de la bande passante, et situés à une distance moyenne de l'autre extrémité du dispositif (la frontière entre la zone 40 et les lignes 20 et 30) égale au quart de la longueur d'onde λM associée à la fréquence minimale de la bande passante.Of course, the present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments, from which variants can be proposed without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. One can in particular use the adder-divider which has just been described for the realization of a suitable impedance transformer with broadband, obtained, as shown in FIG. 3, by the connection to each other of the second and third conductive transmission lines 20 and 30. Furthermore, any residual reflections at low frequencies of the bandwidth of the adder-divider or of the impedance transformer can be completely eliminated by capacitive line segments 71 to 74 arranged transversely to line 10, at a distance from each other equal to a quarter of the wavelength X m associated with the maximum frequency of the passband, and located at an average distance from each other end of the device (the border between zone 40 and lines 20 and 30) equal to a quarter of the wavelength λ M associated with the minimum frequency of the passband.

Claims (7)

1. Additionneur-diviseur de puissance à large bande pour circuit hyperfréquence réalisé en structure plane et notamment suivant la technique du circuit imprimé sous forme de microruban, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première ligne de transmission conductrice (10) destinée à être traversée par la totalité du courant hyperfréquence, des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission conductrices (20) et (30) se répartissant ce courant hyperfréquence et une zone conductrice (40) dite de transition située entre cette première et les deuxième et troisième lignes, cette zone étant délimitée par deux contours (41) et (42) en arc de cercle, raccordés tangentiellement à la première ligne d'une part et aux deuxième et troisième lignes d'autre part, et traversée transversalement aux directions de propagation du courant par des fentes parallèles (51) à (58) dont les extrémités sont situées à une distance desdits contours en arc de cercle inférieure à la largeur des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission.1. Broadband power adder-divider for microwave circuit produced in a flat structure and in particular according to the technique of the printed circuit in the form of microstrip, characterized in that it comprises a first conductive transmission line (10) intended to be crossed by the totality of the microwave current, of the second and third conductive transmission lines (20) and (30) dividing this microwave current and a conductive zone (40) called transition located between this first and the second and third lines, this zone being delimited by two contours (41) and (42) in an arc, connected tangentially to the first line on the one hand and to the second and third lines on the other hand, and crossed transversely to the directions of propagation of the current by slits parallels (51) to (58) the ends of which are located at a distance from said contours in an arc less than the width of the second and third lines s of transmission. 2. Additionneur-diviseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fentes parallèles (51) à (58) sont rectilignes.2. An adder-divider according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel slots (51) to (58) are rectilinear. 3. Additionneur-diviseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fentes parallèles (51) à (58) sont en forme d'arc de cercle.3. An adder-divider according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel slots (51) to (58) are in the form of an arc of a circle. 4. Additionneur-diviseur selon l'une des revendications 2 'et 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une fente longitudinale (60)--traverse toute la zone de transition (40), perpendiculairement aux fentes parallèles (51) à (58) et sensiblement en leur milieu.4. adder-divider according to one of claims 2 'and 3, characterized in that a longitudinal slot (60) - crosses the entire transition zone (40), perpendicular to the parallel slots (51) to (58) and substantially in the middle. 5. Additionneur-diviseur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la fente longitudinale (60) est recouverte d'une couche d'absorption.5. An adder-divider according to claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinal slot (60) is covered with an absorption layer. 6. Additionneur-diviseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, à la frontière entre la première ligne de transmission (10) et la zone de transition (40), des tronçons de ligne capacitifs (71) à (74) disposés transversalement à cette première ligne, à une distance l'un de l'autre égale au quart de la longueur d'onde associée à la fréquence maximale de la bande passante, et situés à une distance moyenne de la frontière entre la zone de transition (40) et les deuxième et troisième lignes (20) et (30) égale au quart de la longueur d'onde associée à la fréquence minimale de la bande passante. 6 . Addition-divider according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at the border between the first transmission line (10) and the transition zone (40), capacitive line sections (71) to ( 74) arranged transversely to this first line, at a distance from each other equal to a quarter of the wavelength associated with the maximum frequency of the passband, and situated at an average distance from the border between the transition zone (40) and the second and third lines (20) and (30) equal to a quarter of the wavelength associated with the minimum frequency of the passband. 7. Application particulière de l'additionneur-diviseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes à la réalisation d'un transformateur d'impédance caractérisé en ce que celui-ci est obtenu par le raccordement l'une à l'autre des deuxième et troisième lignes de transmission conductrices.7. Special application of the adder-divider according to one of the preceding claims to the production of an impedance transformer characterized in that it is obtained by connecting the second and third to each other. conductive transmission lines.
EP83200332A 1982-03-12 1983-03-10 Broadband power divider/combiner for hf circuits, and impedance transformer made with this divider/combiner Expired EP0089083B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8204251 1982-03-12
FR8204251A FR2523374A1 (en) 1982-03-12 1982-03-12 ADAPTER-BROADBAND POWER DIVIDER FOR POWER CIRCUIT AND IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMER PRODUCED THEREBY FROM THIS ADDITIONER-DIVIDER

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EP0089083A1 true EP0089083A1 (en) 1983-09-21
EP0089083B1 EP0089083B1 (en) 1987-11-25

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CA (1) CA1194158A (en)
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AU588291B2 (en) * 1985-04-02 1989-09-14 Siemens Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Thin film power coupler
WO2010001143A1 (en) 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Viditech Ag Improvements in and relating to radio frequency combiners/splitters
US8368485B2 (en) 2008-07-01 2013-02-05 Dockon Ag Radio frequency combiners/splitters

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JP3771221B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-04-26 日本無線株式会社 Cross T branch circuit
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CN102800912B (en) * 2011-06-29 2014-04-16 深圳光启高等理工研究院 Waveguide power divider
CN103022619B (en) * 2013-01-11 2015-04-22 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 Microwave phase inverter based one-to-three power divider and power dividing method thereof
US9537198B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2017-01-03 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Wideband impedance transformer
US9112458B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2015-08-18 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Wideband Doherty amplifier
WO2015193782A1 (en) 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Wideband impedance transformer
CN108135835A (en) 2015-08-06 2018-06-08 约翰霍普金斯大学 For treating the composition of metabolic disorder and method

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Title
PROCEEDINGS 10TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, septembre 1980, pages 310-314, Sevenoaks, GB. *
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, septembre 1979, pages 661-664, Sevenoaks, GB. *
RADIO ENGINEERING & ELECTRONIC PHYSICS, vol. 22, no. 1, janvier 1977, pages 31-36, Washington, USA *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU588291B2 (en) * 1985-04-02 1989-09-14 Siemens Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Thin film power coupler
WO2010001143A1 (en) 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Viditech Ag Improvements in and relating to radio frequency combiners/splitters
US8040204B2 (en) 2008-07-01 2011-10-18 Dockon Ag Radio frequency combiners/splitters
US8368485B2 (en) 2008-07-01 2013-02-05 Dockon Ag Radio frequency combiners/splitters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0089083B1 (en) 1987-11-25
FR2523374B1 (en) 1984-04-20
JPS58168303A (en) 1983-10-04
FR2523374A1 (en) 1983-09-16
JPH0324802B2 (en) 1991-04-04
US4490695A (en) 1984-12-25
CA1194158A (en) 1985-09-24
DE3374741D1 (en) 1988-01-07

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