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EP0085454B1 - Refrigeration apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigeration apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085454B1
EP0085454B1 EP83200089A EP83200089A EP0085454B1 EP 0085454 B1 EP0085454 B1 EP 0085454B1 EP 83200089 A EP83200089 A EP 83200089A EP 83200089 A EP83200089 A EP 83200089A EP 0085454 B1 EP0085454 B1 EP 0085454B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaporator
circuit
condenser
compressor
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200089A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0085454A2 (en
EP0085454A3 (en
Inventor
Marinus Wilhelmus Matheus Avontuur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVONTUUR MARINUS WILH M
Original Assignee
AVONTUUR MARINUS WILH M
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVONTUUR MARINUS WILH M filed Critical AVONTUUR MARINUS WILH M
Priority to AT83200089T priority Critical patent/ATE49048T1/en
Publication of EP0085454A2 publication Critical patent/EP0085454A2/en
Publication of EP0085454A3 publication Critical patent/EP0085454A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0085454B1 publication Critical patent/EP0085454B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22Refrigeration systems for supermarkets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for refrigeration by means of an electrically driven compilation of components, comprising compressors, evaporators, condensers and pumps in a circuit for evaporable refrigerant.
  • This may be the speed of the motor of the ventilator or of the compressor, or both.
  • Circuit pressure valves are additionally used for adjusting the compressor speed.
  • US-A-4 257 238 disclosed the possibility of varying speed of a reciprocating plunger compressor by frequency changes, but only a variation in standard speeds was possible, because no solution for the kind of drive and of lubrication has been discerned.
  • US-A-3 803 863 disclosed a refrigeration apparatus with a control system including means for sensing inlet and outlet temperatures.
  • a frequency inverter is used for controlling the motor drive but no arrangement for lubrication at different speeds has been discerned.
  • the refrigeration apparatus comprises (a) a closed cooling circuit including an evaporator, a condenser, a reciprocating plunger compressor, driven by an electro motor, a heat exchanger, interposed between the compressor and the evaporator, for exchanging heat between the refrigerant supply and return lines of the evaporator, and valves in the circuit for adjusting the refrigerant flow;
  • the control means comprises a microprocessor for assembling the data supplied by the sensors, and transmitting corresponding control data to the frequency inverters.
  • FIG 1 a unit as designed according to the invention is shown schematically, wherein the reciprocating plunger compressors (1), the evaporators-ventilators (2), pumps (3) and the condenser-ventilator (4) and pumps (5) are indicated, provided with frequency-transforming devices (6), operating as adjusting instruments for the velocity head of reciprocating plunger compressors, pumps and ventilators, and being controlled by the control means (7).
  • one or several reciprocating plunger compressors (1) are used, preferably of the open or indirectly driven type.
  • the electromotor (8) of reciprocating plunger compressor (1) is adjusted by the frequency-transforming appliance (6) operating as an adjustment device, for controlling the speed of rotation of the motor.
  • the control is effected by measurement of the temperature with sensor (9) and of pressure with pressure instrument (10).
  • an externally situated hermetically closed oil pump (11) is linked with its own separate electrical drive, which maintains an even pressure of lubricant oil at varying speeds of fluids, which are effected by the reciprocating plunger compressor(s).
  • Adjustment of power input, adapted to capacity required, is also possible for the other components of the unit.
  • the speed of the evaporator-ventilators, the condenser-ventilators and the pumps is adjusted by the adjusting device (6) in the same way.
  • the unit is provided with a microprocessor control (7), into which the following measured data from the system are supplied:
  • the adjustment is obtained by a control of the adjusting devices (6) of the speed of rotation, the electronically controlled valves (12) and the servo drives (13).
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of equipment of several cooling units.
  • the reciprocating plunger compressor (1) is connected with one or several evaporator units (14), each operating within a defined range of evaporation temperature, and one or several condenser units (16), operating within a defined range of condensation temperature.
  • the capacity will be determined by the unit requiring the largest temperature range.
  • the other units are being reduced by means of an electronically controlled valve (12) adjusting the flow of gas and liquid.
  • the speed of rotation of the ventilators is also adjusted.
  • Each of the compressors with accessory adjustment for the electromotor speed deals with a defined temperature range.
  • the entire sysystem comprises the following:
  • Said nominal charge will be considerably lower than the peak charge, resulting in diminishing losses, on an average occurring by motion of parts (plungers, gearing etc.) and by resistance (of gas and liquid in conduit pipes, valves, stop-cocks, etc.).
  • Peak values by switching-on and high values of current at start-run will be avoided with this system, whereby in most cases lower costs of connection with the utilities network can be obtained.
  • Repair of interferences can be carried out in a fast manner, because of the central recording system and trouble signalling, so that damage will remain restricted.
  • the control and adjustment of the condenser-ventilator (4) makes the use of an extra ventilator for room conditioning directly from the condenser superfluous.
  • the system can find a broad field of applications, such as cooling of refrigerated storage-cells, closed and open refrigerators in supermarkets, equipment for alimentary technology, storage possibilities in harbours, transport and haulage, refrigerated transport, cooling of dwellings, living rooms and offices, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A plant for cooling and heating and a process using said plant with proportional adjustment of the rotatory speed, resulting in considerable saving of energy.

Description

  • The invention relates to an apparatus for refrigeration by means of an electrically driven compilation of components, comprising compressors, evaporators, condensers and pumps in a circuit for evaporable refrigerant.
  • The technology of cooling has developed considerably during the past years, and it has got an ever increasing significance for domestic purposes, air-conditioning for dwellings, for industrial processes, for the preservation of food and of products from agriculture and stock breeding, as well as for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
  • On the other hand, the energy consumption because of idle-run is generally too high and substantial savings of same are desirable in this technology.
  • The known processes and aggregates became more efficient and more practical for the customer, however the consumption of energy did not decrease in a mentionable way, because the opinion was, that only an improvement of the output yield would render the necessary savings.
  • However, it has appeared that this was an erroneous assumption.
  • Most of the compressors used in prior art are of the centrifugal or rotary type.
  • The continuous rotatory motion of compressors, ventilators and pumps in the known aggregates results in an unnecessary high energy consumption, also in uncharged or little-charged conditions, even if the output yield is regarded to be reasonable.
  • In the DE-A-2 451 361 a process of control of a compressor-driven refrigerator unit was described, in which the temperature of the liquefied refrigerant is controlled by varying the rotatory speed of at least one of the motors of the cooling device.
  • This may be the speed of the motor of the ventilator or of the compressor, or both. Circuit pressure valves are additionally used for adjusting the compressor speed.
  • An improvement of pressure difference over the expansion valve is obtained, but a continuous control of capacity and of yield efficiency (refrigerating capacity/power) cannot be obtained by this method.
  • US-A-4 257 238 disclosed the possibility of varying speed of a reciprocating plunger compressor by frequency changes, but only a variation in standard speeds was possible, because no solution for the kind of drive and of lubrication has been discerned.
  • US-A-3 803 863 disclosed a refrigeration apparatus with a control system including means for sensing inlet and outlet temperatures. A frequency inverter is used for controlling the motor drive but no arrangement for lubrication at different speeds has been discerned.
  • It has now been found, that a considerable saving of energy consumption together with an increase of the output yield can be obtained with the use of a refrigeration apparatus driven by electrical power and comprising compressors, evaporators, condensers and pumps in a circuit of refrigerant, if reciprocating plunger compressors are used with a capacity-dependent proportional control and adjustment of the velocity of motion of said reciprocating plunger compressors and of ventilators and pumps, and consequently of the velocity head of the circuit is obtained by means of a frequency transforming device and with an independently operating closed oil-pump with a separate drive, serving for the lubrication of the reciprocating plunger compressor.
  • The refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention comprises (a) a closed cooling circuit including an evaporator, a condenser, a reciprocating plunger compressor, driven by an electro motor, a heat exchanger, interposed between the compressor and the evaporator, for exchanging heat between the refrigerant supply and return lines of the evaporator, and valves in the circuit for adjusting the refrigerant flow;
    • (b) a ventilator and pumps, and associated to the evaporator and the condenser respectively, and operated through a servo drive for adjusting the evaporator and condenser capacity,
    • (c) control means, comprising a temperature sensor in the evaporator, a pressure sensor for detecting the refrigerant pressure in the circuit, and a frequency inverter for driving the electro motor and the servor drive at a variable speed as a function of the sensed temperature and pressure values, and
    • (d) a separate lubrication circuit with an externally situated oil pump, which is driven by a separate electrical drive, which maintains an even pressure of lubricant oil at varying speeds of movement of the reciprocating plunger compressor.
  • The control means comprises a microprocessor for assembling the data supplied by the sensors, and transmitting corresponding control data to the frequency inverters.
  • As a result of this adjustment of the velocity of motion being effected by the frequency-transforming devices, a proportional reduction of the energy consumed can be reached.
  • The method and the unit are further described with a review of the enclosed figures 1 and 2, showing schematic drawings of functional embodiments of an installation consisting of several units of refrigeration equipment according to the present invention.
  • Larger as well as smaller equipment can be operated according to the present invention.
  • In figure 1, a unit as designed according to the invention is shown schematically, wherein the reciprocating plunger compressors (1), the evaporators-ventilators (2), pumps (3) and the condenser-ventilator (4) and pumps (5) are indicated, provided with frequency-transforming devices (6), operating as adjusting instruments for the velocity head of reciprocating plunger compressors, pumps and ventilators, and being controlled by the control means (7).
  • In the unit one or several reciprocating plunger compressors (1) are used, preferably of the open or indirectly driven type.
  • The electromotor (8) of reciprocating plunger compressor (1) is adjusted by the frequency-transforming appliance (6) operating as an adjustment device, for controlling the speed of rotation of the motor.
  • The control is effected by measurement of the temperature with sensor (9) and of pressure with pressure instrument (10).
  • It is essential that the oil pump is independently operating, providing appropriate lubrication at all speeds.
  • In the unit of the invention an externally situated hermetically closed oil pump (11) is linked with its own separate electrical drive, which maintains an even pressure of lubricant oil at varying speeds of fluids, which are effected by the reciprocating plunger compressor(s).
  • Adjustment of power input, adapted to capacity required, is also possible for the other components of the unit.
  • For apparatus of larger capacities the speed of the evaporator-ventilators, the condenser-ventilators and the pumps is adjusted by the adjusting device (6) in the same way.
  • The unit is provided with a microprocessor control (7), into which the following measured data from the system are supplied:
    • a. several temperatures of sensor (9).
    • b. several pressures of sensor (10).
    • c. the energy input of the reciprocating plunger compressors (1), the ventilators (2) and (4), and of the pumps (3) and (5), by means of the measurement of the current at the adjusting device (6) of the speed of rotation of the motor.
    • d. the position of several electronically controlled valves (12) and of servo drives (13). The measured data supplied are compared and checked.
  • By a step by step modification of the different adjustment data the most efficient values of the energy measurements are being determined.
  • The adjustment is obtained by a control of the adjusting devices (6) of the speed of rotation, the electronically controlled valves (12) and the servo drives (13).
  • Furthermore reproduction of temperatures, pressures and energy consumption, calling attention to considerable deviations and interferences within the system, and a central recording of data and of interferences can be installed.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of equipment of several cooling units.
  • In figure 2, the reciprocating plunger compressor (1) is connected with one or several evaporator units (14), each operating within a defined range of evaporation temperature, and one or several condenser units (16), operating within a defined range of condensation temperature.
  • If several units are used within the same temperature range, the capacity will be determined by the unit requiring the largest temperature range.
  • The other units are being reduced by means of an electronically controlled valve (12) adjusting the flow of gas and liquid.
  • The speed of rotation of the ventilators is also adjusted.
  • Next to the evaporators, effective heat exchangers (15) are put up between the pipe for liquid and the suction pipe, so that with the reduction handling no extra losses will occur between the evaporator and the compressor.
  • In case the temperature steps 1, II and III ranging are diverging considerably, several reciprocating plunger compressors (1) are situated in succession, operating stepwise.
  • Each of the compressors with accessory adjustment for the electromotor speed deals with a defined temperature range.
  • For the compressors combinations, operating stepwise with adjustment of speed, the entire sysystem comprises the following:
    • a. one only suction pipe for each temperature range.
    • b. one only conduit pipe for hot gas, also appropriate for thawing and heat recovery.
    • c. one only conduit pipe for the liquid.
  • The adjustment of the velocity head results in the effect, that the nominal charge will be regularly intercepted, so that higher evaporation temperatures and lower condensation temperatures will occur in average.
  • Said nominal charge will be considerably lower than the peak charge, resulting in diminishing losses, on an average occurring by motion of parts (plungers, gearing etc.) and by resistance (of gas and liquid in conduit pipes, valves, stop-cocks, etc.).
  • Wear and average noise are also reduced.
  • In this system there is a possibility of an electronically controlled operation of gas-liquid and expansion-valves.
  • The putting into practice of the thawing by hot gas not only results in savings because no electrical thawings will be necessary, but also nearly always a clean evaporator is obtained, because the evaporator can be defrosted within short intervals of time.
  • Several times per 24 hours the entire unit is still being de-iced by the low cost heat available from hot gas.
  • In this system, peak charges and non-activity periods are made commensurate and can be bridged over.
  • Peak values by switching-on and high values of current at start-run will be avoided with this system, whereby in most cases lower costs of connection with the utilities network can be obtained.
  • Cooling of rooms with the aid of this system is very attractive.
  • Repair of interferences can be carried out in a fast manner, because of the central recording system and trouble signalling, so that damage will remain restricted.
  • Also with installations having several units and different temperature ranges to cover, the system of conduit pipes is a very simple one.
  • The control and adjustment of the condenser-ventilator (4) makes the use of an extra ventilator for room conditioning directly from the condenser superfluous.
  • The total system renders a very considerable saving of energy.
  • The system can find a broad field of applications, such as cooling of refrigerated storage-cells, closed and open refrigerators in supermarkets, equipment for alimentary technology, storage possibilities in harbours, transport and haulage, refrigerated transport, cooling of dwellings, living rooms and offices, etc.

Claims (2)

1. A refrigeration apparatus comprising:
(a) a closed cooling circuit, including an evaporator (14), a condenser (16), a reciprocating plunger compressor (1) driven by an electro motor (8), a heat exchanger (15) interposed between the compressor (1) and the evaporator (14), for exchanging heat between the refrigerant supply and return lines of the evaporator and valves (12) in the circuit for adjusting the refrigerant flow,
(b) pump or ventilator means (2), (3), (5) associated to said evaporator (14) and condenser (16) and operated through a servo drive (13) for adjusting the evaporator and condenser capacity,
(c) control means (7) comprising a temperature sensor (9) in the evaporator, a pressure sensor (10) for detecting the refrigerant pressure in the circuit, and a frequency inverter (6) for driving the electro motor (8) and the servo drive (13) at a variable speed as a function of the sensed temperature and pressure values, and
(d) a separate lubrication circuit with an externally situated oil pump (11) which is driven by a separate electrical drive which maintains an even pressure of lubricant oil at varying speeds of movement of the reciprocating plunger compressor (1).
2. A refrigeration apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control means (7) comprises a microprocessor for assembling the data supplied by the sensors (9), (10) and transmitting corresponding control data to the frequency inverters (6).
EP83200089A 1982-01-28 1983-01-21 Refrigeration apparatus Expired EP0085454B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83200089T ATE49048T1 (en) 1982-01-28 1983-01-21 COOLING SYSTEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8200310 1982-01-28
NLAANVRAGE8200310,A NL188479C (en) 1982-01-28 1982-01-28 COOLING DEVICE.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0085454A2 EP0085454A2 (en) 1983-08-10
EP0085454A3 EP0085454A3 (en) 1983-08-17
EP0085454B1 true EP0085454B1 (en) 1989-12-27

Family

ID=19839147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83200089A Expired EP0085454B1 (en) 1982-01-28 1983-01-21 Refrigeration apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0085454B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE49048T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3381017D1 (en)
NL (1) NL188479C (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA8562B (en) * 1984-01-11 1985-09-25 Copeland Corp Highly efficient flexible two-stage refrigeration system
SE439831C (en) * 1984-03-21 1987-01-26 Olson Hans E E PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DEFROSTING MULTIPLE EVENTS
DE3609337A1 (en) * 1986-03-20 1987-09-24 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Motor-driven heat pump
JPH06165519A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-10 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Method for driving electric motor
US5963458A (en) * 1997-07-29 1999-10-05 Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. Digital controller for a cooling and heating plant having near-optimal global set point control strategy
EP1585925A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2005-10-19 Bristol Compressors Inc. System and method for stepped capacity modulation in a refrigeration system
US8209057B2 (en) 2008-11-17 2012-06-26 Liebert Corporation System and method for forming universal control panel
DE102014010104A1 (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlling the speed of series-connected cryogenic compressors for cooling cryogenic, cryogenic helium

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324672A (en) * 1964-08-31 1967-06-13 Gen Motors Corp Electrically controlled conditioning system
US3447335A (en) * 1967-09-22 1969-06-03 John D Ruff Variable capacity centrifugal heat pump
US3499297A (en) * 1969-02-20 1970-03-10 John D Ruff Variable capacity refrigeration system
US3668883A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-06-13 John D Ruff Centrifugal heat pump with overload protection
US3803863A (en) * 1972-06-20 1974-04-16 Borg Warner Control system for refrigeration compressor
DE2451361A1 (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-05-06 Jakob Coolant circulation in refrigerator of cold-storage plant - controlled drive-motor speeds maintain constant temperature at expansion valve
US4257238A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-03-24 Borg-Warner Corporation Microcomputer control for an inverter-driven heat pump

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Techn. Handbuch "Verdichter", pp.147, 149-151 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0085454A2 (en) 1983-08-10
NL188479B (en) 1992-02-03
EP0085454A3 (en) 1983-08-17
ATE49048T1 (en) 1990-01-15
NL8200310A (en) 1983-08-16
DE3381017D1 (en) 1990-02-01
NL188479C (en) 1992-07-01

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