EA048421B1 - FLEXIBLE CONTAINER FOR TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF BULK LOADS - Google Patents

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of transporting and storing bulk cargo in soft containers, namely soft containers with disposable liners with a lifting capacity of up to 15 tons, for transporting such cargo as bulk building materials, raw materials for the metallurgical industry, chemical industry products, food and other cargo.

State of the art

The prior art discloses various designs of soft liners for transporting bulk cargo, such as those described in patents RU 2425789 (application 2010133244 dated 09.08.2010) and RU 2188785 (application 2001124579 dated 05.09.2001). As a rule, soft containers consist of a power frame grid in which a liner is placed - a container into which the transported cargo is directly loaded. The liners are usually equipped with loading and unloading sleeves to ensure hermetic loading and unloading of the container and compliance with the required working conditions and protection of the environment from pollution. The key point in the known designs of soft containers is the choice of material from which the liner is made. The liner material must be strong enough to withstand the impact of various loads in different places of the liner: breaking forces when loading the transported material into it, the gravity force of the cargo itself on the walls of the liner when moving the container and loading it into a vehicle. Also, the liner material must be sufficiently resistant to the impact of various environmental influences when transporting cargo in a container to the destination and have characteristics that allow reliable connection of the liner parts to each other using known methods and techniques, without additional effort to tighten and roll up the liner sleeves at different ambient temperatures. Such a large list of criteria for the liner material significantly limits the manufacturer's choice. Today, only expensive rubberized fabrics are suitable for such a material. The high cost of container liners leads to the need for their multiple use, which in turn requires their repair during operation. Repair operations of reusable liners require additional operations, time and costs. Thus, in the state of the art there is a need for soft containers, the use of which allows for a reduction in the number of repair operations or their complete elimination due to the use of disposable inserts.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a reusable soft container described in patent RU 39579 (application 2004110834 dated 12.04.2004). According to the solution described in this document, the container consists of a power grid with a bottom covered with a solid overlay and an unloading sleeve fixed in the hole of the overlay. The grid contains an insert, which can be made of any synthetic material or film. The possibility of using any less durable material, such as, for example, expensive rubberized material, is made possible by the fact that the insert has no bottom and the initial loads of the bulk cargo are taken by the bottom of the power grid, equipped on the inside with a solid overlay made of synthetic fabric or film. The tightness of the liner is ensured by the fact that the height of the side wall of the liner is greater than the height of the frame wall and the weight of the load presses the overlap of the side wall of the liner onto the solid pad on the bottom of the power grid. The proposed design, although it allows using less durable materials for the manufacture of the liner, has a number of disadvantages. The connection of the walls of the liner with the pad on the bottom of the frame wall due to their overlap and pressing with the load does not provide complete tightness and during transportation over long distances at high humidity, some of the material in the lower part of the container will become damp, which can be critical for hygroscopic materials. In addition, when loading, due to the high windage of film materials, the lower edge of the liner may shift and / or crumple, which prevents a reliable continuous connection of the lower edge of the liner with the bottom pad. If, for example, polyethylene is used as the film material of the liner and bottom lining, during transportation of the loaded container in the area of the mesh cells under the force of gravity of the cargo, the polyethylene will stretch, be squeezed out of the mesh and break during transportation of the container itself or at the slightest external impact, for example, upon contact with some relatively sharp object in the car. Also, the proposed design complicates the process of manufacturing the liner, since it requires the use of non-standard methods of sewing the container. The connection of the liner with the power mesh in this container is made in the form of rubber lugs glued to the outer surface of the liner in its upper part. Ensuring such a connection and its strength poses a number of problems for the manufacturer: how and with what to reliably glue the rubber elements to the film material of the liner, how to ensure strength and avoid rupture of the fragile film material of the liner at the point of attachment of the lugs to it. In addition, such fastening of the liner to the power grid is possible only with the help of elastic cords to ensure redistribution of the film material of the liner along the height in case of its uneven placement on the bottom of the power grid. Thus, for containers with liners made of film material, an order of magnitude less durable than the widely used rubberized fabrics, there is a need to develop a connection of the liner made of film material with the power grid, which would have the necessary strength.

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Based on the known level of technology, the authors were faced with the task of developing a design of a soft liner for transporting bulk cargo, which would reduce the number of repair operations throughout the entire period of operation of the container, use less durable and more accessible materials for its manufacture, reduce the time for loading and unloading operations, reduce the labor intensity of container manufacture, ensure maximum tightness of the container liner, eliminate spontaneous unwinding of the unloading sleeve and opening of the container at the bottom, eliminate spillage of loaded material, and increase the strength of the entire container structure.

The essence of the invention

The tasks set are solved due to the fact that the proposed soft container consists of the following detachable elements: a power grid of vertical and horizontal tapes with a bottom formed by ring tapes of the bottom, a disposable liner made of film material with a thickness of 110 μm and made with a blind bottom, a protective casing, an unloading sleeve attached to the bottom of the frame grid. The liner made of film material is located inside the frame grid and in the upper part can be equipped with a loading sleeve, while a protective casing is installed between the liner and the grid. The material from which the protective casing is made is stronger than the film material of the liner. All of the listed elements are connected to each other by detachable joints.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the detachable connection of the insert to the casing may be breakable or non-breakable.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a reinforcing collar is installed in the upper part of the disposable liner, which is a reinforcing tape made of the film material of the disposable liner, one edge of which is attached to the surface of the liner by welding. Elements made of a stronger material are sewn to the upper and lower surfaces of the tape, forming a multilayer section of the collar, where the tape made of the film material of the liner is located between two layers of a stronger and more sewable material, for example, polypropylene fabric. Elements of detachable fastening to the protective casing or power mesh are attached to the multilayer section of the collar, for example, loops or ties are sewn on, or eyelets are installed.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the liner is made of polyethylene.

In another preferred embodiment, the protective cover has an overlap at the bottom and the height of the cover, in this case, is longer than the height of the mesh by 6-9%. The protective cover has no bottom and can be made of materials with a polymer coating, such as PVC, rubberized fabric, polypropylene.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the disposable insert in the lower part contains an additional structural element - a skirt for attaching the insert to the protective casing. The skirt is a tunnel formed by soldering two contacting surfaces of the side wall of the insert along its diameter. Along its entire length, the skirt has transverse cuts forming loops for the detachable connection of the insert with the frame mesh or protective cover.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a protective flap in the form of a triangle is attached to the bottom of the frame mesh.

In one of the variants of the invention, the bottom of the power grid has a discharge opening, to which, for example, a discharge sleeve made of rubberized material or PVC is attached, sewn. The discharge sleeve of the power grid contains a system of loops with rings for its closure. The link for closing the sleeve has 3 pins, 2 of which are made for closing the sleeve itself, and the 3rd for closing the triangular valve. The link is a tape with 3 pins sewn on.

In one embodiment of the invention, the container additionally contains a protective cover. The cover can be attached to the power grid by means of permanent ties on top of the insert loaded with material and is made of a material stronger than the insert material, for example, rubberized fabric, PVC fabric or polypropylene.

In one embodiment of the invention, a protective pad is attached to the outer side of the container bottom, which can be made of rubberized fabric or PVC. The protective pad can be attached to the bottom of the net by sewing it to the ring tapes forming the bottom along the outer perimeter of the bottom and the perimeter of the discharge opening.

The proposed container has a lifting capacity of up to 15 tons.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the claimed soft container with a disposable liner.

Fig. 2 shows the design of the bottom of the claimed soft container.

Fig. 3 shows the connection of the protective casing with the power grid of the container.

Fig. 4 shows the fastening of the container lid to the container power grid.

Fig. 5 shows a disposable container.

Fig. 6 shows the collar of a disposable container.

Fig. 7 shows the design of the skirt of a disposable container.

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Detailed description of the invention

With reference to Fig. 1-7, a particular example of the implementation of the claimed invention is considered below. However, it should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the illustrative examples of implementation described in this application.

Fig. 1 shows a soft container with a disposable liner, consisting of a net (1) and a disposable liner (2). The container is intended for transportation of bulk cargo weighing no more than 15 tons by all types of transport, at an ambient temperature from minus 50°C to plus 60°C. The container consists of a supporting part - a shell (net) with lifting elements (3), for example, loops-slings, and a disposable liner (2) placed inside it - the cargo part of the container. The net (1) is made of polyester tapes, and the liner (2) is made of polyethylene film. Between the net and the disposable liner, a protective casing (4) is installed, which is a protective cover that does not have a bottom and a lid. The length of the protective casing (4) is 8% greater than the length of the side wall of the net. The protective casing (4) is made of fabric with a polymer coating, which is stronger than the polyethylene film of the liner. The container in this example also contains an additional protective cover (5). The cover is attached to the power grid (1) using non-detachable loops (6) and is made of fabric with a polymer coating. An unloading sleeve (7) is attached to the bottom of the container with loops (8) located on it for closing the unloading sleeve. The disposable insert is equipped with a loading sleeve, also made of polyethylene film.

Four protective mats (not shown in Fig. 1) are attached to the side surface of the container by tying them to the upper ring tape of the net, the lower part of the mat is tied to the net strap between the lower ring tapes. The protective mats can be made of laminated polypropylene fabric or other fabrics with a smooth surface.

Fig. 2a) shows the bottom of the container, which is formed by ring belts (9) of a power grid with different diameters and vertical slings (10) of the grid. The bottom of the grid contains an unloading opening (11). Fig. 2b) shows the unloading sleeve (12), which is sewn to the bottom of the power grid. The diameter of the sleeve can be equal to or greater than the diameter of the unloading opening (11), while the sleeve (12) is combined with the unloading opening in such a way that when the bottom of the disposable liner is torn, the cargo flows out of the container without hindrance. The unloading sleeve (12) is made of rubberized material.

Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the fastening of the protective casing (4) to the power grid (1) of the container by means of a detachable connection using tape. Position A shows the beginning of the connection, and position B shows the end of the connection.

Fig. 4 shows the connection of the protective cover (5) with the power grid (1). The connection is achieved by means of loops (12) on the protective cover, which are attached to the corresponding sling of the power grid using ties (13).

Fig. 5 shows a disposable insert (2) with a blind bottom and a collar (14) in its upper part. The collar (14) is a reinforcing element of the detachable connection of the insert with the protective casing (4) or the power grid (1). The collar is attached to the upper part of the insert along the entire length of the insert circumference. In this example of implementation, the collar (14) is attached at a height of 2700 mm with a total insert height of 4700 mm. In this example, the circumference of the disposable polyethylene insert is approximately 8 m. When manufacturing an insert of this size, several sheets are used, which are connected by welding together. In order to exclude the overlap of the weld seam of the sheets with the weld seam of the collar with the wall of the insert, in this example, a part (separate segment) of the collar is attached to each sheet forming the insert, and the length of such a segment of the insert is equal to or less than the width of the sheet. Thus, the collar (14), attached to the upper part of the insert along the entire length of its circumference, represents separate segments of the collar (not shown in Fig. 5), which are separated from each other by welding seams connecting the sheets from which the insert is made.

Fig. 6 shows in detail the design of the collar of the disposable liner, which is a reinforcing element of the detachable connection of the liner with the protective casing (4) or the power mesh (1). The collar (14) is made of a polyethylene tape folded in half (15), on top of which a polypropylene fabric (16) is sewn in such a way that two layers of the polyethylene film are located between two layers, for example, of the polypropylene fabric. The two free edges (15) of the polyethylene film folded in half are attached, for example welded, to the outer wall of the liner (17). The other edge of the polyethylene tape, which is formed by its fold, is wrapped in polypropylene fabric in such a way that the polyethylene tape folded in half is inside the polypropylene tape folded in half, with all layers of the multilayer structure being connected to each other by seams (18). Ties (19) are sewn to the collar, which is a multilayer structure, by means of which the liner is attached to the mesh (1).

Fig. 7 shows the design of the liner skirt, which is a fold of the liner web or a tunnel (21) formed by welding two contacting surfaces of the side wall (17) of the liner along its diameter and then making transverse cuts (19) on it to form loops (20).

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The operation of the declared soft container includes the following stages: preparing the container for loading, closing the unloading sleeve, rolling up the container, loading it and then unloading it.

The soft container is prepared for loading as follows. The container's power grid (1) is laid out. The protective casing (4) is placed inside the grid (1), the central seam of the casing is aligned with the central seams of the ring tapes (9) of the grid so that the vertical seams of the casing are parallel to the vertical tapes (10) of the grid. The casing (4) is connected to the grid (1) at the bottom, tying the loops of the casing to the lower ring tape of the grid (9). At the top, the loops of the casing are connected to the loops of the grid with a detachable connection. Then, the disposable liner (2) is placed inside the casing (4) and the central seams of the casing (4) and the liner (2) are aligned. Then, the loops (20) on the "skirt" of the liner are connected to the loops on the inside of the casing with non-detachable ties. At the top, the ties (19), sewn to the collar (14) of the liner, are tied to the loops of the mesh (1).

To close the unloading sleeve (7) of the net from spontaneous unloading of the container, perform the following technological operations. Tighten the unloading sleeve (7), loop (8) stitched across the unloading sleeve of the liner (2), insert into the metal ring on the opposite side from this loop and lock the loop with a pin located on the long part of the locking link. Lock the pin with a safety tape. The locking link of the unloading sleeve is marked with a distinctive flag. To protect the unloading sleeve (7) from spontaneous unloading when moving the container during transportation to the unloading site, attach a triangular valve to the loops of the net. To do this, insert the loops into the rings located at the vertices of the triangle and lock the loops with the locking pins and fix with a safety tape. Then roll up the container.

In order to load the container, it is suspended by the cargo loops (3) on the hooks of the crossbar, basket, technological frame or other loading device, the loading sleeve of the insert is secured to the loading device using a tension belt. The container is loaded to full capacity, while the weight of the container with cargo should not exceed its load capacity. After loading, the container is moved to a vehicle or to a storage location, folded and the loading sleeve is tied with a tie, for example, from LTPE tape 20-110 or twine, then the lid is installed on the container and secured with ties, for example, from LTPE tape 20-110 in 2 turns to the second ring tape of the mesh with two straight knots. Then, to move the container loaded in the process basket, the hooks of the lifting gantry are inserted under the cargo loops (3), the container is lifted from the basket and loaded into the vehicle or installed in the storage location.

The container is unloaded as follows. Unload the container from the vehicle. Disconnect the container lid (5). Untie and open the loading sleeve, then turn its edges inside out. Lift the loaded container by the cargo loops (3) from the vehicle or warehouse using a crossbar suspended from the hook suspension of a lifting crane, and move it to the unloading site, setting the container bottom at a height of at least 1 meter from the unloading surface. Then unclip the unloading sleeve as follows:

pull the safety valve lock towards you, tearing it away from the mesh (1);

manually uncheck the valve and the unloading sleeve twist. As a result, the unloading sleeve (7) will fall out of the center of the container bottom;

The unloading sleeve (7) is lowered into the unloading area and the unloading sleeve is unclasped. Under the pressure of the load, the bottom of the liner (2) is torn, as a result of which the transported product flows out of the container by gravity. In case of difficulties in unclasping the container and incomplete rupture of the bottom of the liner, it is permissible to use a hook with a rounded end.

After unloading, the container is lowered to the ground, removed from the crossbar, the insert (2) is removed from the container, disconnecting it at the top from the hinges of the protective casing (4). The power grid (1) with the casing (4) is folded, inserting the cover (5) inside. The locking links are attached to the grid (1) of the container. The used insert (2) is transferred to the storage location for sending for recycling.

The proposed design of the container for transporting bulk cargo allows to reduce the number of repair operations throughout the entire period of operation of the container, reduce the time for loading and unloading operations, use less durable and more accessible materials for manufacturing the container, reduce the labor intensity of container manufacturing, ensure maximum tightness of the container liner, eliminate spontaneous unwinding of the unloading sleeve and opening of the container at the bottom, eliminate spillage of the loaded material, increase the strength of the entire container structure. In addition, the declared design of the container allows to use polyethylene film for manufacturing the liner, which was impossible before the proposed solution due to the characteristics of polyethylene, including its insufficient strength.

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Claims (18)

CLAUSE OF INVENTION 1. A soft container for transporting and storing bulk cargo, comprising a power grid with lifting loops and a liner made of film material located in the grid, characterized in that the liner has a blind bottom, the bottom part of the power grid contains an unloading opening to which an unloading sleeve is attached, the container additionally contains a protective casing, which is located between the power grid and the liner, wherein the protective casing is made of a material stronger than the film material of the liner, and the liner, protective casing and power grid are connected to each other by detachable joints. 2. A soft container according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert contains a loading sleeve in the upper part. 3. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that the container additionally contains a lid made of a more durable material than the insert. 4. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that the film material of the liner is polyethylene. 5. A soft container according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective casing and/or lid are made of a material with a polymer coating, preferably polyvinyl chloride, rubberized fabric or polypropylene. 6. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that the protective casing has no bottom and has an overlap in the lower part such that the height of the casing is longer than the height of the power grid by 6%, 7%, 8% or 9%. 7. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that the detachable connections are breakable or non-breakable detachable connection structures. 8. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that a protective valve in the form of a triangle is additionally attached to the power grid in its bottom part. 9. A soft container according to item 8, characterized in that reinforcing tapes are sewn onto the triangular valve, forming loops with rings at the vertices of the triangle for fastening to loops on the frame of the power mesh. 10. A soft container according to item 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the insert along its diameter there is a reinforcing element for the detachable connection of the insert to the protective cover or to the power grid, wherein the insert is made of a film material with a thickness of 110 microns. 11. A soft container according to item 10, characterized in that the reinforcing element is a collar located along the entire diameter of the upper part of the liner or in the form of separate collar segments that are located separately from each other along the diameter of the liner. 12. A soft container according to item 10, characterized in that in the lower part it contains an additional element or elements for detachable fastening of the insert with a power mesh or protective cover. 13. A soft container according to item 12, characterized in that the additional element is made of the same material as the insert and is a tunnel formed by soldering two contacting surfaces of the side wall of the insert along its diameter and then making transverse cuts on it to form loops. 14. A flexible container according to claim 10, characterized in that the reinforcing element of the detachable connection is a tape, one edge of which is attached to the outer surface of the liner or is part of the wall of the liner, wherein the tape consists of at least one layer of film material and at least two layers of a stronger material capable of being sewn, wherein the layer of film material of the liner is located between two layers of stronger material, forming a multilayer section of the tape, which contains at least one element of the detachable connection of the liner with a protective cover or power mesh. 15. A soft container according to claim 14, characterized in that the tape contains two layers of film material, which are located between two layers of a stronger material capable of being sewn. 16. A soft container according to claim 14, characterized in that it contains an additional layer of a stronger material capable of crosslinking, located between two layers of film material. 17. A soft container according to paragraphs 14-16, characterized in that the film material is a polyethylene film, and the stronger material capable of being sewn is a polypropylene fabric. 18. A soft container according to item 14, characterized in that the detachable connection elements are loops, eyelets or ties. -