DK2911792T3

DK2911792T3 - Roller Crusher.

Info

Publication number: DK2911792T3
Application number: DK13783055.0T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Piotr Szczelina; Detlef Papajewski; Peter Schatz
Original assignee: Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag
Priority date: 2012-10-29
Filing date: 2013-10-25
Publication date: 2017-08-28
Also published as: WO2014067867A1; PE20151112A1; EP2911792B1; CL2015001075A1; AU2013339611B2; CN104903000A; BR112015009533A2; EP2911792A1; CN104903000B; AU2013339611A1; DE102012110337A1; BR112015009533B1

Description

Roller crusher Description

The invention relates to a roller crusher having a rotatable crushing roller and having a movable sieving installation. The sieving installation is disposed so as to be upstream of the crushing roller in such a manner that material to be crushed is initially directed via the sieving installation and then toward the crushing roller.

The sieving installation is provided for separating the infed material to be crushed into a coarse grain and a fine grain. Once it already has a desired size, the fine grain which makes its way through the openings of the sieving installation may be directly conveyed away or be comminuted in a separate crushing gap. The coarse grain which is retained by the sieving installation, however, is comminuted by the crushing roller in the known way.

The present invention may be implemented with various design embodiments of roller crushers. An eccentric roller crusher having an upstream sieve is known from WO 2007/019146 A2. The sieving installation is disposed so as to be upstream of the crushing roller and enables sieving of fine particles which do not have to be crushed.

However, depending on the design embodiment of the roller crusher it is also possible for the sieved fine grain to be even further crushed in a narrower gap. It is known for upstream sieves in the form of a sieving installation to be driven in a shaken manner, in order to improve sieving performance and the conveying away of the retained particles. Such a drive has to be implemented in a robust manner and also requires sufficient construction space above the crushing roller.

Other types of roller crushers may also be equipped with an upstream sieving installation. These also include, for example, roller crushers having one driven roller or multiple-roller crushers, wherein the material to be crushed is drawn into the roller gap by teeth of the roller. Suitable roller crushers having one roller which is directly driven by a motor are known from US 1 141 643 and from DE 1 077 037, for example. DE 24 11 422 discloses a roller crusher having a sieve grate which is embodied so as to be integral to a crusher grate. The grate is mounted so as to be sprung such that a crushing gap is present between the grate and the crushing roller. The grate is set in oscillatory motion during the passage of the grinding stock through the crushing gap.

The present invention is based on the object of simplifying the construction of a roller crusher having a movable sieving installation and also enabling a more compact structural shape.

Proceeding from a roller crusher having the features described at the outset, the object is achieved according to the invention in that the sieving installation is supported on a locationally fixed counterbearing, on the one hand, and on at least one support face of the crushing roller, on the other hand, wherein a movement of the crushing roller causes a shaking motion of the sieving installation which is supported on the at least one support face.

According to the invention the movement of the roller thus serves as the drive for the sieving installation, such that a separate drive motor can be dispensed with. Apart from the simplification in terms of construction and thus also a reduction of costs, a particularly compact construction method is also achieved. A further contributory factor is also that according to the invention the sieving installation is placed so as to be directly next to the crushing roller.

The movement of the crushing roller may vary, depending on the construction of the roller crusher. According to one preferred design embodiment of the invention the roller crusher is designed as an eccentric roller crusher in which the crushing roller is eccentrically disposed so as to be freely rotatable on a drive shaft, wherein a crushing space is formed between the crushing roller and a rocker. In the case of such an eccentric roller crusher, which is also referred to as a “Rotex crusher”, on account of the eccentric arrangement of the crushing roller on the drive shaft, an eccentric, oscillating movement and thus, when observing a point on the circumference of the crushing roller, a to-and-fro movement which periodically reduces and widens the gap between the roller and the at least one rocker is generated. The material to be crushed, for example rock, in the case of such an eccentric roller crusher are comminuted between the crushing roller and the at least one rocker when the gap is reduced on account of the to-and-fro movement. In the event of a subsequent widening of the gap, further material to be crushed may then follow in a sliding manner.

On account of the eccentric arrangement of the crushing roller on the drive shaft, and considering the to-and-fro movement of the crushing roller, an outer contact circle which is successively swept by the sleeve of the crushing roller during one complete rotation of the drive shaft results. In relation to the at least one support face which is formed by the crushing roller and on which the sieving installation is supported, a to-and-fro movement therefore also results there, on account of which the sieving installation is shaken. In the case of an eccentric roller crusher the particularity thus results that the shaking movement is also achieved in the case of a smooth design embodiment of the support face.

The fundamental design of an eccentric roller crusher is described in the technical literature “Aufbereitungs-Technik, Zeitschrift fϋr die Aufbereitung fester Rohstof-fe” (“Preparation technology - Periodical for the preparation of solid raw materials”), Volume 5 (1964), Issue 5, pages 242 to 247, and in “Aufbereitungs-Technik, Zeitschrift fur die Aufbereitung fester Rohstoffe”, Volume 5 (1966), Issue 3, pages 166 to 174. Eccentric roller crushers are also known from DE 1 140 799, DE 2 733 379 A1, DE 1 889 686, DE 1 257 004, and DE 1 875 346.

However, the support according to the invention of the sieving installation on the crushing roller is also possible in the case of roller crushers of which the crushing roller does not complete a to-and-fro movement. Within the context of such an alternative design embodiment the at least one support face of the crushing roller in the circumferential direction of the crushing roller has a contour feature, such that in this case the shaking movement is generated by the contour feature during the rotation movement of the crushing roller. This may be, in particular, a roller crusher having one directly driven roller or else a multiple-roller crusher, wherein comminuting is performed by the rotation movement between the crushing roller and a stationary rocker, or in the roller gap between two crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions, respectively.

In the case of a roller crusher having at least one directly driven crushing roller the support face may have a saw tooth shape, for example, wherein, in relation to a pre-determined or preferred rotation direction of the crushing roller, the teeth of the saw tooth shape have front edges which ascend in a flat manner and rear edges which descend in a steep manner. The relative terms of flat and steep are to be understood so as to be comparative with one another. The front edge which ascends in a flat manner may for example have a gradient of 10° to 45° in relation to a circumferential line of the crushing roller. In this case the rear edge which descends in a steep manner typically has a gradient between 45° and 90° or also even more than 90°. In the case of a gradient of 90° or more, subsequent to the tip of a tooth the sieve then plunges directly downward over the entire tooth height.

The sieving installation, independently of the design embodiment of the roller crusher, as a rule is disposed above the crushing roller and, on account of its own weight or the weight of the material to be crushed, respectively, bears on the at least one support face of the crushing roller. However, it is in principle possible for the contact force of the sieve on the at least one support face to be reduced or increased according to requirements by way of springs, hydraulic elements, and/or elastic pre-tensioning of the sieving installation.

For reasons of stability the sieving installation preferably is supported on at least two support faces of the contact roller, which are spaced apart from one another. The support faces preferably are directly formed on the sleeve of the crushing roller which is in direct contact with the material to be crushed. The sleeve may be formed by crushing jaws of the crushing roller. The support may be performed at any support point, preferably by way of a slide shoe or else also by a roller.

The slide shoe and the roller, respectively, expediently are designed such that they may be easily replaced.

The intensity of the shaking movement in the case of an eccentric roller crusher depends on the eccentricity of the crushing roller, and on the contour feature of the support face in the case of a roller crusher having a directly driven crushing roller. However, depending on the type of application, the jolts which arise in the shaking movement may be excessive, which is why according to a refinement of the invention damping elements are disposed in the region of the support of the sieving installation on the roller. In principle, hydraulic damping elements or preferably simple elastic damping elements are to be considered These damping elements may be disposed in the form of slide shoes or rollers, for example, between the sieving installation and the support means. Additionally or alternatively, there is also the possibility of disposing corresponding damping elements so as to be lateral in relation to the support faces. In this way the sieving installation may be supported, for example, on a crusher housing via elastic damping elements, so as to be lateral of the crushing roller.

For example, rubber pads are suitable as elastic damping elements. Depending on the design embodiment of the damping elements, damping may also be provided so as to be adjustable in order to allow for adapting to requirements.

Within the context of the invention the sieving installation may be designed in various ways. Firstly, the sieving installation may be formed by a contiguous inherently rigid sieve which is disposed so as to be movable in the described way.

According to an alternative design embodiment a sieving installation or a sieve, respectively, may also be formed by several rod-shaped or plate-shaped fingers which are not directly interconnected. If individual fingers are employed, these may also be supported in each case so as to be rotatable on an axle as a counterbearing. If fingers which are separate from one another are provided there is also the advantage that said fingers may be individually serviced or replaced. The provision of individual fingers furthermore enables a fixed clamping on the counterbearing, wherein in this case the individual fingers, on account of their flexibility, can follow the upward and downward movement on the bearing point of the respectively assigned support face. The individual fingers may be configured both as rods and as plates, wherein these may also be aligned having a variable length or else a variable angle in relation to the roller, in order to improve sieving performance. There is also the possibility for a sieve to be formed from a multiplicity of fingers, wherein only some of the fingers are movable in the described way. On account of such a design embodiment, a relative movement between the various types of fingers may also be achieved.

The invention is explained in the following by means of a drawing which merely illustrates one exemplary embodiment and in which: fig. 1 shows a schematic drawing of a roller crusher, in a longitudinal section; fig. 2 shows the roller crusher according to fig. 1, in a per spective view; fig. 3 shows the detailed view of a sieving installation of the roller crusher; figs. 4a to 6b show alternative configurations of the sieving instal lation.

Fig. 1, in a schematic longitudinal section shows a roller crusher which is designed as an eccentric roller crusher. The roller crusher comprises a crushing roller 1 and a movable sieving installation 2 which is disposed so as to be obliquely above the crushing roller 1 and is provided for separating the infed particles into a coarse grain 3 and a fine grain 4. The fine grain 4 makes its way directly through a sieving space and is not further comminuted, while the coarse grain 3 is supplied to a roller gap 5 between the crushing roller 1 and a rocker 6.

The exemplary embodiment relates to an eccentric roller crusher in which the crushing roller 1 is eccentrically disposed so as to be freely rotatable on a drive shaft 7.

On account of the eccentric movement of the crushing roller 1, an outer contact circle B is defined, wherein the crushing roller 1 moves to-and-fro so as to oscillate in an eccentric manner. On account of the to-and-fro movement, the spacing between the crushing roller 1 and the rocker 6 is also modified. When the crushing roller 1 closes in on the rocker 6, the coarse grain 3 is crushed in the roller gap 5, whereby the gap is then increased in the event of the crushing roller 1 being removed from the rocker 6 in the context of the to-and-fro movement, on account of which the material in the roller gap 5 can slide farther down or finally leave the roller gap 5, respectively. New coarse grain 3 is simultaneously infed from above in the course of the to-and-fro movement.

It can also be seen in fig. 1 that the sieving installation 2 is supported on a loca-tionally fixed counterbearing 8, on the one hand, and on a support face 9 of the crushing roller 1, on the other hand. The counterbearing 8 forms a rotation axle for the sieving installation 2, such that the latter, on its front end which faces the crushing roller 1, can be moved upward and downward and thus follows the to-and-fro movement of the crushing roller 1. Accordingly, the eccentric movement of the crushing roller 1 causes a shaking movement of the sieving installation 2 which is supported on the support face 9, on account of which both sieving of the fine grain 4 as well as infeeding to the coarse grain 3 in a sliding manner can be improved.

According to the invention the shaking movement of the sieving installation 2 may be achieved in a simple manner, without a separate drive. Fig. 2 shows the eccentric roller crusher according to fig. 1, in a perspective view. It can be seen here that a plurality of support points, six in the case of the exemplary embodiment, are provided across the entire width of the sieving installation 2. In can be seen that, when viewed in the longitudinal direction, the crushing roller 1 has a contour feature on the sleeve thereof in order to generate force peaks during the crushing operation. However, the support faces 9 which encircle the circumference are not provided with a contour feature.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated the shaking movement is exclusively achieved by the eccentricity of the crushing roller 1 and the drive shaft 7. In principle, the concept according to the invention is also employable in the case of roller crushers having directly driven crushing rollers, wherein, however, in this case the support faces 9 in the circumferential direction have to have a contour feature in order to be able to achieve the described shaking movement.

Fig. 3 shows a detailed design embodiment of the sieving installation 2. It can be derived from a comparative consideration of figs. 2 and 3 that the sieving installation 2 is fastened so as to be lateral to the support points via elastic damping elements 10 on a housing 11 of the roller crusher. The counterbearing 8 which forms a rotation axle is also fastened on the housing, such that the sieving installation 2 is clamped above the crushing roller 1 so as to be pivotably movable.

It can be seen from figs. 2 and 3 that slide shoes 12 may be provided as supporting means for the sieving installation 2.

Rubber pads are provided as elastic damping elements 10 in the exemplary embodiment of figs. 2 and 3.

In the sieve which is provided as the sieving installation 2 and which, according to figs. 2 and 3, may be damped by the damping elements 10, individual fingers 14 which form the sieving installation 2 have to be interconnected, to which end a connecting bar 15 which runs in the transverse direction is provided in the region of the front end of the sieving installation 2 which is provided with the slide shoes 12. Alternative design embodiments of sieves as sieving installations 2 are illustrated in figs. 4a and 4b, in figs. 5a and 5b, and finally in figs. 6a and 6b. In all three variants of embodiments sieves are in each case formed by fingers 14 which are separate from one another.

According to figs. 4a and 4b, individual fingers 14 are provided, disposed on a rotation axle which forms the counterbearing 8, in a similar way to the sieving installation 2 according to fig. 3. The bearing may be performed both by a friction bearing and by a roller bearing. The advantage results that even individual fingers may be replaced in a comparatively simple manner during maintenance. Rollers 13 are provided instead of slide shoes 12 in figs. 4a and 4b. The alternative selection of slide shoes 12 or rollers 13 is possible independently of whether the individual fingers according to fig. 3 are connected or whether the fingers 14 according to figs. 4a and 4b are not directly interconnected.

Figs. 5a and 5b show an alternative design embodiment of a sieve as sieving installation 2, in which individual fingers 14 are non-rotatably connected to the counterbearing 8 which in an exemplary manner is formed by a square tube. The individual fingers are formed as substantially cylindrical bars which on their front end alternatingly have slide shoes 12 and slide faces 16. The fingers 14 in the form of bars, on account of their flexure, can follow an upward and downward movement on the respective support face 9. The advantage results that a complex, more rotatable bearing may be dispensed with. According to fig. 4b the individual fingers 14 are braced in a simple manner by screws, such that particularly simple maintenance and replacement are possible. The advantage also results that such a sieving installation 2 can be produced in a particularly cost-effective and rugged manner.

Proceeding from the design embodiment according to figs. 5a and 5b, figs. 6a and 6b show a modification in which the fingers 14 are not configured as bars but as plates. On account of the flatter, wide structural shape of these fingers 14, improved movability of the fingers 14 may be achieved. By way of varying the width of the fingers 14 along their longitudinal direction, the mesh size of the sieve may also be varied to some degree, wherein, in the direction of movement of the infed material to be crushed, initially particularly small and then also somewhat larger particles are sieved out in the case of a design embodiment of figs. 6a and 6b.

The fingers according to figs. 6a and 6b are also fixedly screwed to the counterbearing which is formed by a square tube, and on their front end have slide faces 16 for bearing on the assigned support faces 9.

Claims

Rolling crusher with a rotatable crusher roller (1) and with a movable feeding latency (2), characterized in that the fastening device (2) is supported partly on a stationary fee (8) and partly on it. at least one support surface (9) of the crushing roller (1), whereby a movement of the crushing roller (1) causes a shaking movement of the sieving installation (2) supported on the support surface (9).

Roll crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the roll crusher (1) is arranged eccentrically in order to be able to rotate freely on a drive shaft (7), thereby forming a crushing space between the crusher roller (1) and a cradle (6).

Roll crusher according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is supported on at least two support surfaces (9) of the roll crusher (1) and spaced apart.

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one supporting surface (9), seen in the axial direction of the crusher roller (1), is arranged on a periphery of a sheath for the crusher roller (1).

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one supporting surface (9) in the circumferential direction of the crush roll (1) comprises a contouring.

Roll crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one supporting surface (9) is saw-shaped, wherein the teeth of the saw-tooth shape relative to the direction of rotation of the crusher roller (1) comprise flat rising front planes and steeply falling rear flanks.

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is supported by a sliding shoe (12) on the at least one supporting surface (9).

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is supported by at least one roller (13) on the supporting surface (9).

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that elastic damper elements (10) are arranged in the region of support for the sieving installation (2) on the crushing roller (1).

Roll crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient damper elements (10) are configured as rubber pads.

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is formed by an inherently rigid sieve.

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is formed as fingers (14) which are separated from each other.

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the sieving installation (2) is rotatably supported on the stationary remuneration (8).

Roll crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the screening device (2), secured against rotation, is connected to the support (8) and is flexible in order to allow shaking movements.