DK153987B - MIRROR - Google Patents
MIRROR Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK153987B DK153987B DK117277AA DK117277A DK153987B DK 153987 B DK153987 B DK 153987B DK 117277A A DK117277A A DK 117277AA DK 117277 A DK117277 A DK 117277A DK 153987 B DK153987 B DK 153987B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- mirror
- hot melt
- melt adhesive
- layers
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 49
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Natural products CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC=CCl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006112 glass ceramic composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricamba Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(O)=O WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
- B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
- C03C27/048—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of an adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C09J123/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
- C09J123/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
- C09J123/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber ; Homo- or copolymers of other iso-olefines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/28—Non-macromolecular organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/54—Inorganic substances
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
iin
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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår spejl med en gennemsigtig forplade (1, 13, 22), som på sin bagside bærer mindst én optisk belægning (2, 15, 16, 23, 24), der er forseglet fra den atmosfæriske luft med en beskyttende bagplade (5, 12, 25, 30), som er forseglet 5 på plads med et varmsmelteklæbemiddel (7, 17, 28, 29).The present invention relates to mirrors having a transparent front plate (1, 13, 22) which carries at its rear at least one optical coating (2, 15, 16, 23, 24) sealed from the atmospheric air with a protective back plate ( 5, 12, 25, 30) which are sealed 5 in place with a hot melt adhesive (7, 17, 28, 29).
Der kendes spejle baseret på dette konstruktionsprincip, hvor bagpladen er pålimet den belagte side af forpladen. Stærke klæbemidler af forskellig art er blevet brugt til at opnå en så stærk binding som mulig. For at opnå denne binding er det undertiden 10 nødvendigt at underkaste det samlede emne en opvarmning til høje temperaturer. Den eller de optiske belægninger må da ikke være af en sådan beskaffenhed, at de bliver skadeligt påvirket ved denne behandling.Mirrors are known based on this design principle, where the back plate is glued to the coated side of the front plate. Strong adhesives of various kinds have been used to obtain as strong bonding as possible. To achieve this bond, it is sometimes necessary to subject the total blank to high temperature heating. The optical coating (s) must then not be of such a nature as to be adversely affected by this treatment.
Det er ikke let at automatisere sammenklæbningsproceduren. De 15 mest foretrukne klæbemidlers håndteringsegenskaber gør dem ikke egnede til en sådan automatisering. For at forbedre forseglingen er det blevet foreslået at påføre samlingens sideflader en beskyttende vulst til dækning af limforbindelsen mellem forpladen og bagpladerne. Limlagets forsegl ende egenskaber er i dette tilfælde 20 mindre kritiske. Men nødvendigheden af at påføre vulsten gør naturligvis produktionsprocessen så meget længere og bekosteligere.It is not easy to automate the sticking procedure. The handling properties of the 15 most preferred adhesives do not make them suitable for such automation. In order to improve the seal, it has been proposed to apply a protective bead to the side surfaces of the joint to cover the adhesive bond between the front plate and the back plates. In this case, the sealing properties of the adhesive layer are less critical. But the necessity of applying the bead naturally makes the production process so much longer and more expensive.
Det er et formål med den foreliggende opfindelse at tilvejebringe et spejl med en effektiv forsegling af den eller de optiske belægninger ved hjælp af en bagplade og et klæbemiddel, som 25 bekvemt og uden høje omkostninger kan påføres under industrielle masseproduktionsforhold.It is an object of the present invention to provide a mirror with effective sealing of the optical coating (s) by means of a backing plate and adhesive which can be conveniently and without high cost applied under industrial mass production conditions.
Dette formål opnås med spejlet med de indledningsvis angivne karakteristika, når det ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved, at klæbemidlet omfatter én eller flere elastomerer eller termoplaster 30 udvalgt blandt butyl gummi og ethylen/vinylacetat-copolymerer og/eller én eller flere "klæbere" udvalgt blandt terpen- og phenol harpikser samt mikrokrystallinske voksarter, idet varmsmelteklæbemidlets vandmodstandsdygtighed er mindre end 0,5 g 2 (fortrinsvis mindre end 0,1 g) 1^0 pr. m overflade pr. 24 timer pr.This object is achieved by the mirror having the characteristics set forth at the outset when it is characterized in that the adhesive comprises one or more elastomers or thermoplastics selected from butyl rubber and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers and / or one or more "adhesives" selected from terpene and phenol resins as well as microcrystalline waxes, the water resistance of the hot melt adhesive being less than 0.5 g 2 (preferably less than 0.1 g) m surface per 24 hours a day
35 mm tykkelse pr. cm Hg tryk.35 mm thickness per cm Hg pressure.
Varmsmelteklæbemidler, dvs. klæbemidler, som opnår deres sammenbindende virkning ved afkøling efter anbringelsen mellem de flader, der ønskes sammenbundet, er i sig selv velkendte. De tilhører en kategori af klæbemidler, som er helt forskellig fraHot melt adhesives, ie. adhesives which achieve their bonding effect upon cooling after application between the surfaces desired to be bonded are well known in themselves. They belong to a category of adhesives which is completely different from
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2 termohærdnende klæbemidler og klæbemidler, som anvendes opløst i et opløsningsmiddel, og de har ikke hidtil været anvendt til sammenbinding af konstruktionskomponenter af den slags, som anvendes til fremstillingen af spejle. Dette skyldes utvivlsomt det forhold, 5 at sammenklæbning med stor styrke er blevet betragtet som en forudsætning, og til opnåelse af dette formål har opløste og termohærdnende klæbemidler en traditionel, forlængst etableret plads i industrien.2 thermosetting adhesives and adhesives used dissolved in a solvent and have not heretofore been used for bonding structural components of the kind used in the manufacture of mirrors. This is undoubtedly due to the fact that adhesive with high strength has been considered a prerequisite, and for this purpose dissolved and thermosetting adhesives have a traditional, long-established place in the industry.
Anvendelsen af klæbemidler af varmsmeltetypen frembyder en 10 række fordele. Blandt disse er den lethed, hvormed de kan håndteres og påføres til dannelse af sammenbindingslag af forudbestemt tykkelse og ensartethed. Reproducerbare resultater kan opnås under hurtige samlingsforhold. Det er en let opgave at udvælge en varmesmelteklæbemiddelsammensætning, som giver en forbindelse mellem 15 plader den ønskede kombination af egenskaber. Endvidere kan klæbemiddelsammensætningen udvælges på en sådan måde, at disse egenskaber forener en meget hensigtsmæssig bindingsstyrke med en høj grad af uigennemtrængelighed for fugt. Brugen af klæbemiddel af varmsmeltetypen medvirker også til nedsættelse af produktions- 20 omkostningerne. Dette skyldes dels, at selve klæbemidlet er relativt billigt, og dels den lethed, hvormed en sammenbinding kan opnås med et beskedent udstyr og på et lille produktionsareal.The use of hot melt type adhesives offers a number of advantages. Among these is the ease with which they can be handled and applied to form bonding layers of predetermined thickness and uniformity. Reproducible results can be obtained under fast assembly conditions. It is an easy task to select a hot melt adhesive composition which provides a 15 plate connection with the desired combination of properties. Furthermore, the adhesive composition can be selected in such a way that these properties combine a very suitable bond strength with a high degree of moisture impermeability. The use of hot melt type adhesive also helps to reduce production costs. This is partly due to the fact that the adhesive itself is relatively inexpensive and partly to the ease with which a bond can be obtained with a modest equipment and on a small production area.
Varmsmelteklæbemidl et er fortrinsvis et, som er smeltet ved en temperatur på 150°C eller lavere, fortrinsvis ved temperaturer 25 mellem 60°C og 120°C.The hot melt adhesive is preferably one which is melted at a temperature of 150 ° C or lower, preferably at temperatures between 60 ° C and 120 ° C.
Varmsmelteklæbemiddelsammensætninger inkluderer et elastomert eller termoplastisk materiale, som let smelter til en væske med lav viskositet. For at opnå størknede sammenbindingslag af passende styrke og sammenhængskraft blandes en sådan letsmeltelig komponent 30 med et polymert materiale med større molekylvægt. En meget gunstig afbalancering af egenskaber kan opnås ved at sammensætte varmsmelteklæbemidl et på en sådan måde, at det omfatter en kombination af harpikser med forskelligt smelteindeks.Hot melt adhesive compositions include an elastomeric or thermoplastic material which readily melts into a low viscosity liquid. In order to obtain solidified bonding layers of appropriate strength and cohesiveness, such an easily digestible component 30 is mixed with a higher molecular weight polymeric material. A very favorable balancing of properties can be achieved by assembling hot melt adhesive in such a way that it comprises a combination of resins with different melt indexes.
Eksempler på relativt letsmeltelige stoffer (i det følgende 35 omtalt som "klæbere"), som kan anvendes til at give sammensætninger af varmsmelteklæbemidl er god overfladevedhæftning, er forskellige naturlige og syntetiske harpikser og voksarter, f.eks. terpen-harpikser, carbonhydridharpikser, polyterpener, phenol formaldehydharpikser, alkyder, cumaron-inden-harpikser, kolofonium og 3Examples of relatively easy-to-digest substances (hereinafter referred to as "adhesives") which can be used to give hot melt adhesive compositions are good surface adhesives are various natural and synthetic resins and waxes, e.g. terpene resins, hydrocarbon resins, polyterpenes, phenol formaldehyde resins, alkyds, coumarone-within-resins, rosin and 3
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kolofoniumderivater, mineralske, vegetabilske og jordolievoksarter.rosin derivatives, mineral, vegetable and petroleum waxes.
To eller flere "klæbere" kan om ønskeligt iblandes én og samme klæbemiddel sammensætning.Two or more "adhesives" may, if desired, be incorporated into one and the same adhesive composition.
I de foretrukne udførelsesformer for den foreliggende 5 opfindelse indeholder varmsmelteklæbemidlet én eller flere klæbere, som er udvalgt blandt terpen- og phenol harpikser og mi krokrystal -linske voksarter. Særligt gode resultater kan også opnås med styrener og lavmolekylære homologe.In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hot melt adhesive contains one or more adhesives selected from terpene and phenol resins and in crocrystal-linear waxes. Particularly good results can also be obtained with styrenes and low molecular weight homologues.
Indholdet af klæber(e) i sammensætningen påvirker klæbemidlets 10 smelteviskositet.The content of adhesive (s) in the composition affects the melt viscosity of the adhesive 10.
Eksempler på syntetiske, polymere materialer med højere molekylvægt, der er egnede som forstærkende eller sejgørende bestanddel i klæbemiddel sammensætningen, idet de danner, hvad der undertiden omtales som "klæbemidlets skelet", er polyvinyl acetat og 15 derivater heraf, polyethylen, polyisobutylen (butylgummi), poly styren og styrencopolymerer, ethyl cellul ose, polyamider afledt af dimeriserede fedtsyrer og diaminer, og butylmethacrylater.Examples of higher molecular weight synthetic polymeric materials suitable as a reinforcing or toughening component of the adhesive composition, forming what is sometimes referred to as the "adhesive skeleton" are polyvinyl acetate and 15 derivatives thereof, polyethylene, polyisobutylene (butyl rubber) , polystyrene and styrene copolymers, ethyl cellulase, polyamides derived from dimerized fatty acids and diamines, and butyl methacrylates.
I de foretrukne udførelsesformer for den foreliggende opfindelse indeholder varmsmelteklæbemidlet én eller flere 20 elastomerer eller termoplaster udvalgt blandt butyl gummi og ethylen/vi nylacetatcopolymerer.In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hot melt adhesive contains one or more elastomers or thermoplastics selected from butyl rubber and ethylene / ethyl acetate copolymers.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet kan indeholde forskellige andre typer af bestanddele til frembringelse af ønskede egenskaber. Eksempler på de kategorier, hvori sådanne supplementerende ingredienser falder, er 25 blødgøringsmidler, termiske stabilisatorer og fyldstoffer.The hot melt adhesive may contain various other types of ingredients to produce desired properties. Examples of the categories in which such supplementary ingredients fall are 25 plasticizers, thermal stabilizers and fillers.
Som blødgøringsmidler kan anvendes harpikser, der har en ikke særlig høj molekylvægt. De tjener til at forbedre klæbestof-befugtningen af de flader, der skal sammenbindes, og til at forbedre klæbemiddel lagenes smidighed. Eksempler på blødgøringsmidler er 30 phthalater, phosphater, chlorerede polyphenyler, kolofoniumderivater og polyestere.Resins having a not very high molecular weight can be used as plasticizers. They serve to improve the adhesive wetting of the surfaces to be bonded, and to improve the adhesiveness of the sheets' flexibility. Examples of plasticizers are 30 phthalates, phosphates, chlorinated polyphenyls, rosin derivatives and polyesters.
Stabilisatorer anvendes i varmsmelteklæbemidler til forbedring af sammensætningens termiske stabilitet. De almindeligvis mest anvendte stabilisatorer er anti-oxidationsmidler, f.eks. steriske 35 phenoler og phosphitderivater.Stabilizers are used in hot melt adhesives to improve the thermal stability of the composition. The most commonly used stabilizers are antioxidants, e.g. steric phenols and phosphite derivatives.
Fyldstoffer anvendes til at modificere klæbemiddel sammensætningernes fysiske egenskaber. De er i det væsentlige kemisk inaktive under de forhold, hvorunder de anvendes. Egnede fyldstoffer er f.eks. zinkoxid, calciumcarbonat, titandioxid, bariumsulfat og 4Fillers are used to modify the physical properties of the adhesive compositions. They are essentially chemically inactive under the conditions under which they are used. Suitable fillers are e.g. zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate and 4
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kønrøg. Almindeligvis er anvendelsen af uorganiske fyldstoffer at foretrække. Disse fyldstoffer kan have den virkning, at de reducerer klæbemidlets vægt, at de farver det, eller at de reducerer produktets viskositet eller styrker det i mekanisk henseende.carbon black. Generally, the use of inorganic fillers is preferred. These fillers can have the effect of reducing the weight of the adhesive, of dyeing it, or of reducing the viscosity of the product or strengthening it mechanically.
5 Imidlertid kan også organiske fyldstoffer, såsom harpikser, anvendes.However, organic fillers such as resins may also be used.
De forskellige komponenter, der anvendes til sammensætning af varmsmelteklæbemidlet, må naturligvis være indbyrdes forenelige.The various components used for the composition of the hot melt adhesive must of course be mutually compatible.
Bindinger mellem pladerne i et spejl ifølge den foreliggende 10 opfindelse er af en sådan beskaffenhed, at spejlet er højmodstandsdygtigt mod indtrængning af fugt mellem for- og bagpladen. Indtrængning af vand, f.eks. atmosfærisk fugt, mellem for- og bagpladen kan have skadelige virkninger på strukturen og/eller de fysiske eller kemiske egenskaber af spejlets plader og specielt den 15 (de) optiske belægning(er). Fugttæthed er ofte af stor betydning.Bonding between the panels of a mirror according to the present invention is of such a nature that the mirror is highly resistant to penetration of moisture between the front and back panels. Water penetration, e.g. atmospheric moisture, between the front and back plates may have detrimental effects on the structure and / or the physical or chemical properties of the mirror plates and, in particular, the optical coating (s). Moisture density is often of great importance.
Dette er således f.eks. tilfældet for spejle til brug i bade- og bruserum, eller for sådanne, som udsættes for vejrliget, f.eks. spejle til brug ved vejkryds og de ydre kørespejle på køretøjer.Thus, this is e.g. in the case of mirrors for use in bath and shower rooms, or for those exposed to the weather, e.g. mirrors for use at intersections and the exterior rear-view mirrors of vehicles.
Varmsmelteklæbemidiets vandmodstandsdygtighed er derfor mindre 20 end 0,5 og helst mindre end 0,1 g 1^0 pr. m overflade pr. 24 timer pr. mm tykkelse pr. cm Hg tryk.Therefore, the water resistance of the hot melt adhesive is less than 0.5 and more preferably less than 0.1 g of 1 m surface per 24 hours a day mm thickness per cm Hg pressure.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet indeholder med fordel én eller flere mættede carbonhydrider. Tilstedeværelsen af sådanne carbonhydrider forøger klæbemidlets modstandsdygtighed mod indtrængning af vand.The hot melt adhesive advantageously contains one or more saturated hydrocarbons. The presence of such hydrocarbons increases the resistance of the adhesive to water penetration.
25 Eksempler på egnede mættede carbonhydrider er paraffiner, chlorerede paraffiner, polybutener og poluisobutylener.Examples of suitable saturated hydrocarbons are paraffins, chlorinated paraffins, polybutzenes and poluisobutylenes.
Det er indlysende, at en specielt given bestanddel i varmsmelteklæbemidlet kan have forskellige vigtige funktioner i produktet. F.eks. kan en mættet carbonhydrid være udvalgt til at 30 tjene som en bestanddel i klæbemidlets skelet, til at fremme overfladevedhæftning og til at have blødgørende og stabiliserende funktioner. "En klæber" kan eksempelvis være udvalgt til også at bibringe klæbemidlet udmærkede vandmodstandsegenskaber. Voksarter, f.eks. fedtsyreester/alkohol blåndinger, er meget effektive "klæbere" 35 og har også gode vandmodstandsegenskaber. I tilgift kan de bruges til at påvirke viskositeten af varmsmelteklæbemidlet for således at opnå et lavt smeltepunkt.It is obvious that a particular component of the hot melt adhesive may have various important functions in the product. Eg. For example, a saturated hydrocarbon may be selected to serve as an ingredient in the skeleton of the adhesive, to promote surface adhesion and to have softening and stabilizing functions. For example, "an adhesive" may be selected to impart excellent water resistance properties to the adhesive. Waxes, e.g. fatty acid ester / alcohol blends, are very effective "adhesives" 35 and also have good water resistance properties. In addition, they can be used to affect the viscosity of the hot melt adhesive so as to achieve a low melting point.
Tykkelsen af laget eller hvert af lagene af klæbemiddel i spejlene er fortrinsvis mindre end 150 μια. Dette forhold anbefales,The thickness of the layer or each layer of adhesive in the mirrors is preferably less than 150 μια. This relationship is recommended,
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5 fordi det udnytter en vigtig egenskab ved varmsmelteklæbemidler, nemlig deres evne til at give meget effektive sammenbindinger, selv som meget tynde lag, og fordi så tynde lag kun lader et meget lille overfladeareal af klæbemidlet være udsat for den omgivende 5 atmosfæriske luft.5 because it utilizes an important property of hot melt adhesives, namely their ability to provide very effective bonds, even as very thin layers, and because such thin layers leave only a very small surface area of the adhesive exposed to the ambient atmospheric air.
Varmsmelteklæbemiddellaget eller -lagene kan indeholde en forstærkning, f.eks. glas- eller plastfibre eller netværk af sådanne fibre, eller metaltråde eller -net.The hot melt adhesive layer (s) may contain a reinforcement, e.g. glass or plastic fibers or networks of such fibers, or metal wires or nets.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet er fortrinsvis til stede over hele 10 spejlets areal. De plader, hvoraf spejlet består, dvs. forpladen, bagpladen og eventuelt en mel!emplade, som er omtalt i det følgende, er således forenet som lagene i et laminat. Denne konstruktionstype er særlig let at fremstille. Den foreliggende opfindelse omfatter imidlertid også spejle, hvori varmsmelteklæbemidlet er begrænset til 15 en randzone af det samlede emne.The hot melt adhesive is preferably present over the entire area of the mirror. The plates of which the mirror consists, viz. Thus, the front plate, back plate and optionally a flour plate discussed below are joined as the layers in a laminate. This type of construction is particularly easy to manufacture. However, the present invention also includes mirrors in which the hot melt adhesive is limited to an edge zone of the overall blank.
Den foreliggende opfindelse omfatter spejle, hvori bagpladen er indirekte bundet til den belagte forplade via et yderligere arkmateriale som mellemled. Det mellemliggende arkmateriale er fortrinsvis plast, f.eks. en polyester. Et sådant mellemliggende 20 arkmateriale kan anvendes som underlag for lagene af varm smelteklæbemidlet inden indføjningen af dette arkmateriale, og på den måde gøres spejl produktionsprocessen lettere, som det senere vil blive mere udførligt beskrevet.The present invention comprises mirrors in which the backplate is indirectly bonded to the coated frontplate via an additional intermediate sheet material. The intermediate sheet material is preferably plastic, e.g. a polyester. Such an intermediate sheet material can be used as a backing for the layers of hot melt adhesive prior to the insertion of this sheet material, thereby facilitating the mirror production process, as will be described in greater detail later.
Hvis der anvendes et mellemliggende arkmateriale, må dette være 25 valgt med skyldig hensyntagen til andre egenskaber, som det må besidde, hvis spejlet skal imødekomme de opstillede specifikationer.If an intermediate sheet material is used, this must be selected with due consideration for other properties that it must possess if the mirror is to meet the specifications set.
Hvis f.eks. spejlet skal have en meget stor modstandsdygtighed mod fugtindtrængning mellem for- og bagpladen, må sammensætningen af det mellemliggende ark selv besidde den krævede vanduigennem-30 trængelighed.For example, the mirror must have a very high resistance to moisture penetration between the front and back plate, the composition of the intermediate sheet itself must possess the required water impermeability.
F.eks. kan det mellemliggende arkmateriale være udvalgt blandt hydrofobe polymerer. Disse har almindeligvis ikke-hydrofile kæder, som har høj sidesymmetri. Egnede materialer til den mellemliggende plade (valget er natruligvis afhængigt af de fordrede egenskaber) 35 indbefatter vinylidenchlorid/isobutylen-copolymerer, vinyliden-chlori d/vi nylchlori d-copolymerer, vi nyli denchlori d/vi nylchlorid/ acryloni tri 1-terpolymerer, vi nyli denchlori d/acryloni tri 1/vi nyl-acetat-terpolymerer, polytetrafluorethylen, polychlortrifluorethyl en, vi nyli denf1uori d/chlortri f1uorethylen-copolymerer, propy-Eg. For example, the intermediate sheet material may be selected from hydrophobic polymers. These generally have non-hydrophilic chains which have high side symmetry. Suitable materials for the intermediate plate (the choice is, of course, dependent on the required properties) include vinylidene chloride / isobutylene copolymers, vinylidene chloride / vinyl chloride d copolymers, vinylene chloride d / vi nyl chloride / acrylic tri 1 polymer, nyli denchlori d / acrylic tri 1 / vi nyl acetate terpolymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethyl and, vi nyli denfluoro d / chlorotri fluoroethylene copolymers, propylene
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6 len/(fluoreret ethyl en)-copolymerer, polyethylener og copolymerer heraf samt polypropylener.6 len / (fluorinated ethylene) copolymers, polyethylenes and copolymers thereof and polypropylenes.
Hvis der anvendes et mellemliggende arkmateriale, har dette fortrinsvis en tykkelse på mellem 10 og 150 μm (mikrometer). I dette 5 område tilvejebringes et tilfredsstillende kompromis mellem kravet om, at kun et minimum af arkmateriale er tilgængeligt for den omgivende atmosfæriske luft, og kravet om en høj grad af sikkerhed i tilfælde af brud på en glasplade.If an intermediate sheet material is used, it preferably has a thickness of between 10 and 150 µm (microns). In this area, a satisfactory compromise is provided between the requirement that only a minimum of sheet material be available for the ambient atmospheric air and the requirement for a high degree of safety in the event of a glass plate breaking.
Det mellemliggende arkmateriale er fortrinsvis udstrakt over 10 hele spejlets areal. Hvis det er lamineret til for- og bagpladen, er det mellemliggende ark - i tilfælde af brud på en glasplade (hvis en sådan findes) i stand til at tilbageholde glasstumper mere effektivt, end hvad klæbemidlet ville være, hvis det var anvendt uden et sådant mellemark.The intermediate sheet material is preferably extended over the entire area of the mirror. If it is laminated to the front and back panels, the intermediate sheet - in the case of a glass plate break (if present) is able to retain glass pieces more effectively than what the adhesive would be if used without such intermediate sheet.
15 Den foreliggende opfindelse omfatter imidlertid også spejle, hvori et mel!emark kun er til stede mellem randzonerne på bagpladen og den belagte forplade, idet pladerne er sammenføjet med et sådant mellemliggende arkmateri åle ved hjælp af varmsmelteklæbemiddellag.However, the present invention also includes mirrors in which a flour sheet is present only between the edge zones of the backing plate and the coated frontboard, the plates being joined to such intermediate sheet material by means of hot melt adhesive layer.
Spejlets forplade er fortrinsvis en glasplade. I en alternativ 20 udformning anvendes en plade af gennemsigtig plast.The front face of the mirror is preferably a glass plate. In an alternative embodiment, a transparent plastic sheet is used.
Forpladen kan være belagt ifølge en hvilken som helst traditionel fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af spejle. F.eks. kan forpladen bære et sølvlag, der er påført ved en velkendt fremgangsmåde, og én eller flere beskyttende belægninger oven på 25 dette sølvlag. Eksempelvis kan sølvlaget være dækket med på hinanden følgende lag af kobber og beskyttende maling, hvilke lag ligeledes kan være dannet på velkendt måde. Der kan være anvendt et andet metal end sølv, f.eks. aluminium og kobber. Det lysreflekterende lag kan reflektere alt i ndf al dencfe Tys, eller laget kan være 30 semi-transparent, hvilket vil tilvejebringe et såkaldt "halv-spejlThe faceplate may be coated according to any conventional method of making mirrors. Eg. For example, the faceplate may carry a silver layer applied by a well-known method and one or more protective coatings on top of this silver layer. For example, the silver layer may be covered with successive layers of copper and protective paint which may also be formed in a well-known manner. A metal other than silver may be used, e.g. aluminum and copper. The light-reflecting layer can reflect everything in ndf al dencfe Tys, or the layer can be 30 semi-transparent, which will provide a so-called "half-mirror"
Bagpladen er fortrinsvis en selvbærende plade. Bagpladen består fortrinsvis af glasagtigt materiale. Denne plade kan være lavet af glas, som kan være termisk eller kemisk hærdnet. Alternativt kan bagpladen bestå af glaskrystallinsk eller glaskeramisk materiale.The backing plate is preferably a self-supporting plate. The backing plate is preferably made of glassy material. This plate may be made of glass which may be thermally or chemically cured. Alternatively, the backing plate may consist of glass crystalline or glass ceramic material.
35 Bagpladen kan eventuelt selv bære én eller flere belægninger. I35 The backplate may optionally carry one or more coatings. IN
visse spejle ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse bærer bagpladen på sin indre overflade én eller flere elektrisk ledende belægninger, der er afpasset til at blive forbundet med en spændingskilde, så spejlet kan opvarmes ved Joule'sk effekt. Sådant eller sådanne lagcertain mirrors of the present invention carry the backing plate on its inner surface one or more electrically conductive coatings adapted to be connected to a voltage source so that the mirror can be heated by Joule's effect. Such or such layers
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7 kan bestå af metal eller metalforbindelser eller partikler af metal eller metalforbindelser indlejret i et bindemateriale. F.eks. kan det (de) elektrisk ledende lag være baseret på glasemalje og indeholde en relativ stor mængde metal. I andre udførelsesformer for 5 opfindelsen er der i stedet for en elektrisk ledende belægning eller belægninger anvendt elektriske ledere, f.eks. tråde eller bånd. Den (de) elektrisk ledende belægning(er) eller elementer kan være forbundet med fordelingselektroder, som er fastgjort til pol kl emmer beregnet for tilslutning til en elektrisk strømkilde. En stor 10 modstandsdygtighed mod indtrængning af vand er meget vigtig for at undgå beskadigelse af det elektriske opvarmningssystem i sådanne spejle. Spejle med et opvarmningssystem som beskrevet ovenfor kan være af afdugnings- eller varmetypen, idet disse forskellige typer kræver opvarmning til forskellige niveauer.7 may consist of metal or metal compounds or particles of metal or metal compounds embedded in a binder material. Eg. For example, the electrically conductive layer may be based on glass enamel and contain a relatively large amount of metal. In other embodiments of the invention, instead of an electrically conductive coating or coatings, electrical conductors are used, e.g. threads or ribbons. The electrically conductive coating (s) or elements may be connected to distribution electrodes attached to terminals intended for connection to an electrical power source. A high resistance to water penetration is very important to avoid damaging the electric heating system in such mirrors. Mirrors with a heating system as described above can be of the dehumidification or heat type, these different types requiring heating to different levels.
15 Det ligger inden for den foreliggende opfindelses rækkevidde, at de komponenter, der er omtalt som forpladen og bagpladen, enkeltvis eller begge, kan bestå af ét eller flere lag. F.eks. kan forpladen omfatte en glasplade, som på sin bagside bærer den (de) tidligere nævnte belægning(er), og som på sin forside har en 20 beskyttende belægning. Bagpladen kan f.eks. omfatte en plade af glasagtigt materiale, som er forbundet med et andet lag, f.eks. en plade af plast.It is within the scope of the present invention that the components referred to as the front plate and the back plate, individually or both, may consist of one or more layers. Eg. For example, the front plate may comprise a glass plate which carries on its back the previously mentioned coating (s) and which has on its front a protective coating. The backplate can e.g. comprise a sheet of vitreous material which is joined to another layer, e.g. a plate of plastic.
Et spejl ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse kan have en hvilken som helst form og kan være plan eller krum.A mirror of the present invention may be of any shape and may be planar or curved.
25 Et spejl ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse kan fremstilles ved en fremgangsmåde, ved hvilken der tilvejebringes en transparent plade, som har én eller flere lysreflekterende belægninger på den ene side og en beskyttende bagplade, og denne bagplade forsegles til den belagte plade, således at belægningen (eller belægningerne) 30 forsegles fra den atmosfæriske lufts adgang, idet forseglingen tilvejebringes ved hjælp af ét eller flere lag af et varmsmelteklæ-bemiddel, der anbringes mellem disse plader.A mirror according to the present invention can be made by a method which provides a transparent plate having one or more light reflecting coatings on one side and a protective backing plate, and this backing plate is sealed to the coated plate so that the coating ( or the coatings) are sealed from the entrance of the atmospheric air, the sealing being provided by one or more layers of a hot melt adhesive placed between these plates.
Ud fra det, der er blevet nævnt i den forudgående beskrivelse af spejle ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse, er fordelene ved den 35 ovenstående produktionsfremgangsmåde åbenbare. I særdeleshed byder anvendelsen af et klæbemiddel af varmsmeltetypen på fordele, som skyldes den lethed, hvormed klæbemidlet kan håndteres og anvendes, og det forhold, at sammenklæbning kan opnås med lave omkostninger og uden nødvendigheden af langvarige tørretider eller anvendelsen afFrom what has been mentioned in the foregoing description of mirrors of the present invention, the advantages of the above production process are apparent. In particular, the use of an adhesive of the hot melt type offers advantages due to the ease with which the adhesive can be handled and used, and the fact that adhesive can be obtained at low cost and without the necessity of prolonged drying times or the use of
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8 specielt opvarmningsapparatur til afdampning af opløsningsmidler.8 special heating solvents for evaporation of solvents.
Under udøvelse af den omhandlede fremgangsmåde er det at foretrække at anvende et varmsmelteklæbemiddel, der har ét eller flere af de foretrukne træk, som knytter sig til de klæbemidler, der 5 er beskrevet i det foregående.In carrying out the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a hot melt adhesive having one or more of the preferred features associated with the adhesives described above.
Ifølge et særligt foretrukket træk er sammensætningen af varmsmelteklæbemidlet af en sådan beskaffenhed, at den laveste temperatur, ved hvilken klæbemidlet er effektivt smeltet, er mindre end 150°C og fortrinsvis beliggende mellem 60°C og 120°C, og 10 forseglingen tilvejebringes ved opvarmning til en temperatur under 150°C af de sammenlagte plader med ét eller flere mellemliggende lag af klæbemidlet imellem for således at frembringe smeltning af klæbemidlet, hvorefter det samlede emne afkøles. Tryk kan anvendes før og/eller under opvarmningen. Fortrinsvis bør trykket ikke 2 15 overstige 1 kg/cm .According to a particularly preferred feature, the composition of the hot melt adhesive is of such a nature that the lowest temperature at which the adhesive is effectively melted is less than 150 ° C and preferably is between 60 ° C and 120 ° C, and the seal is provided by heating. to a temperature below 150 ° C of the combined sheets with one or more intermediate layers of the adhesive in between so as to produce melting of the adhesive, after which the overall blank is cooled. Pressure can be used before and / or during heating. Preferably, the pressure should not exceed 1 kg / cm.
Det er specielt tilrådeligt at anvende et varmsmelteklæbemiddel, som indeholder én eller flere carbonhydrider og/eller mindst én voksart.It is especially advisable to use a hot melt adhesive containing one or more hydrocarbons and / or at least one wax species.
Sammensætningen af det anvendte varmsmelteklæbemiddel er af en 20 sådan beskaffenhed, at det i afkølet tilstand har en vandgennem- 2 trængelighed på mindre end 0,5 og helst mindre end 0,1 g HgO pr. m overflade pr. 24 timer pr. mm tykkelse og pr. cm Hg tryk.The composition of the hot melt adhesive used is such that it has a water permeability of less than 0.5 and preferably less than 0.1 g of HgO per cooled state. m surface per 24 hours a day mm thickness and per. cm Hg pressure.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet danner i sin sluttilstand fortrinsvis ét eller flere lag, hvor laget eller hvert af lagene har en tykkelse på 25 mindre end 150 /mi. Sådanne tynde lag. er passende til at sammenklæbe de plader hvoraf spejlet består, og samtidig lades et meget lille overfladeareal af klæbemidlet tilgængeligt for den omgivende atmosfæriske luft.The hot melt adhesive, in its final state, preferably forms one or more layers, the layer or each of the layers having a thickness of less than 150 microns. Such thin layers. is suitable for adhering to the sheets of which the mirror consists, and at the same time leaving a very small surface area of the adhesive accessible to the ambient atmospheric air.
I visse udførelsesformer for den foreliggende opfindelse bliver 30 klæbemiddellaget eller -lagene overført som sådanne fra et midlertidigt underlag til én eller flere af de plader, der skal sammenklæbes, inden disse plader bliver lagt sammen. Denne fremgangsmåde udnytter en af de meget vigtige, mulige fordele ved anvendelsen af varmsmelteklæbemidler, nemlig deres egnethed til at 35 blive tildannet som lag. Fremstillingen af sådanne lag på midlertidige underlag, hvorfra de kan overføres til arbejdsemnet som forberedelse til sammenlægningsoperationen og opvarmningen, udgør en meget fordelagtig fremgangsmåde, som i høj grad forenkler masseproduktionsfremstillingen, og som kan udføres med nøjagtige,In certain embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive layer or layers are transferred as such from a temporary support to one or more of the sheets to be bonded before these sheets are joined together. This method utilizes one of the very important possible advantages of using hot melt adhesives, namely their suitability to be formed as layers. The preparation of such layers on temporary substrates, from which they can be transferred to the workpiece in preparation for the merging operation and the heating, is a very advantageous method which greatly simplifies mass production and can be carried out with accurate,
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9 reproducerbare resultater til følge. Overføringslag af klæbemiddel kan fremstilles under nøjagtig styring af lagtykkelse og -udstrækning, fuldstændig uafhængigt af spejlsamlingslinien. F.eks. kan et materiale, som omfatter et midlertidigt underlag, der bærer 5 en belægning af varmsmelteklæbestofsammensætningen fremstilles i pladeform eller som en sammenrullelig bane, hvorfra stykker af ønsket størrelse kan udskæres til indføjning i spejlene. Et særligt egnet materiale som midlertidigt underlag er siliconepapir.9 reproducible results to follow. Adhesive transfer layers can be manufactured under the precise control of layer thickness and extent, completely independent of the mirror assembly line. Eg. For example, a material comprising a temporary support supporting a coating of the hot melt adhesive composition may be manufactured in sheet form or as a rollable web from which pieces of the desired size may be cut to be inserted into the mirrors. A particularly suitable material as a temporary substrate is silicone paper.
Varmsmelteklæbestoffet anvendes med fordel således, at 10 klæbemiddel!åget eller -lagene dækker hele eller i det væsentlige hele for- og bagpladens areal.The hot-melt adhesive is advantageously used such that the adhesive yoke or layers cover the entire or substantially the entire front and back plate area.
Bagpladen og den belagte forplade kan også sammenklæbes via et mellemliggende arkmateriale ved hjælp af varmsmelteklæbemiddellag på modstående sider af et sådant mellemliggende arkmateriale. Denne 15 fremgangsmåde kan anvendes uden brug af klæbemiddeloverføringsoperati oner. Varmsmelteklæbemiddellagene kan fra begyndelsen påføres det mellemliggende arkmateriale. Det mellemliggende arkmateriale bibringer endvidere slutproduktet sine egne egenskaber.The backing plate and the coated fronting sheet may also be bonded via an intermediate sheet material by means of hot melt adhesive layer on opposite sides of such intermediate sheet material. This method can be used without the use of adhesive transfer operations. From the beginning, the hot melt adhesive layers can be applied to the intermediate sheet material. The intermediate sheet material further imparts its own properties to the final product.
Ved en fremgangsmåde udstrækkes det mellemliggende arkmateriale 20 og klæbestof lagene over hele eller i det væsentlige hele for- og bagpiadens areal. Ved andre fremgangsmåder begrænses det mellemliggende plademateriale og klæbemiddellagene til en randzone af det samlede spejl.In one method, the intermediate sheet material 20 and the adhesive layers are extended over the whole or substantially the entire area of the front and rear pads. In other methods, the intermediate sheet material and the adhesive layers are limited to an edge zone of the overall mirror.
Fortrinsvis anvendes et mellemliggende arkmateriale, som ikke 25 væsentligt nedsætter spejlets modstandsdygtighed mod indtrængning af fugt mellem for- og bagpladen. Et sådant mellemliggende arkmateriale er fortrinsvis en plast, f.eks. en polyester. Denne type af mellemliggende arkmateriale er, set ud fra et sikkerhedsmæssigt synspunkt, fordelagtig i spejle, som omfatter én eller flere 30 glasplader.Preferably, an intermediate sheet material is used which does not substantially reduce the mirror's resistance to moisture penetration between the front and back plate. Such intermediate sheet material is preferably a plastic, e.g. a polyester. This type of intermediate sheet material is, from a safety point of view, advantageous in mirrors which comprise one or more 30 sheets of glass.
Tykkelsen af det mellemliggende arkmateriale ligger fortrinsvis mellem 10 og 150 /zm.The thickness of the intermediate sheet material is preferably between 10 and 150 µm.
Efter samling af pladerne og varmsmelteklæbemiddellåget (-lagene) kan enheden underkastes opvarmning og tryk (f.eks. tryk på 35 under 1 kg/cm ), enten samtidig eller efter hinanden og i sidstnævnte tilfælde i en hvilken som helst rækkefølge. F.eks. kan trykket udøves ved omgivelsestemperatur, og opvarmningen udføres bagefter ved atmosfæretryk. Denne fremgangsmåde er særlig enkel. Ved en alternativ og meget tilfredsstillende fremgangsmåde opvarmesAfter assembly of the sheets and the hot melt adhesive lid (s), the unit may be subjected to heating and pressure (e.g. pressure of 35 below 1 kg / cm), either simultaneously or successively and in the latter case in any order. Eg. For example, the pressure can be exerted at ambient temperature and the heating is carried out afterwards at atmospheric pressure. This procedure is particularly simple. By an alternative and very satisfactory process is heated
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10 enheden til en for varmsmelteklæbemidlet passende temperatur, og trykket påføres ved afslutningen af denne opvarmningsfase. Enheden skal almindeligvis ved alle fremgangsmåder opvarmes til en temperatur på mindst 60 til 120°C.10 the unit to a temperature suitable for the hot melt adhesive and the pressure is applied at the end of this heating phase. The unit should generally be heated to a temperature of at least 60 to 120 ° C by all methods.
5 For- og bagpladen i spejlet ifølge opfindelsen er fordelagtigt glasplader. Imidlertid er det ikke absolut nødvendigt, at disse plader er af glas. Alternative materialer er blevet nævnt i det foregående i forbindelse med de fremstillede spejle.Advantageously, the front and rear panels of the mirror according to the invention are glass panels. However, it is not absolutely necessary that these sheets are made of glass. Alternative materials have been mentioned above in connection with the manufactured mirrors.
Visse udførelsesformer for den foreliggende opfindelse - alene 10 udvalgt som eksempler - vil i det følgende bliver beskrevet under henvisning til tegningen, hvor: fig. 1 til 3 er tværsnitsbi 11 eder af tre forskellige spejle ifølge opfindelsen, og fig. 4 er et planbiIlede af en variant af en del, der indgår i 15 det i fig 3 viste spejl.Certain embodiments of the present invention - only 10 selected by way of example - will be described in the following with reference to the drawings, in which: 1 to 3 are cross-sectional views 11 of three different mirrors according to the invention, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of a variant of a portion included in the mirror shown in FIG. 3.
For klarhedens skyld er tykkelsen af de forskellige lag og belægninger meget overdrevet på tegningen.For the sake of clarity, the thickness of the various layers and coatings is greatly exaggerated in the drawing.
Fig. 1 viser et "halv-spejl" af den slags, der anvendes som "spionspejle", og gennem hvilket man kan holde udkig efter tyve i 20 forretnings- og andre lokaler.FIG. 1 shows a "half-mirror" of the kind used as "spy mirrors" and through which one can keep looking for thieves in 20 business and other premises.
"Halv-spejlet" omfatter en første plade af natronkalkglas 1, som er belagt med et transparent lag af sølv 2. Dannelsen af et lag af denne type er velkendt af fagfolk inden for området og kræver ikke yderligere beskrivelse.The "half-mirror" comprises a first plate of soda lime glass 1 coated with a transparent layer of silver 2. The formation of a layer of this type is well known to those skilled in the art and does not require further description.
25 Glaspladen 1 og dens belægning 2 danner en første del 3 af spejlet. En anden del 4 omfatter en bagplade af almindelig transparent natronkalkglas 5. Glaspladen 5 beskytter belægningen 2 mod mekanisk beskadigelse, f.eks. ridsning. De to er sammenføjet ved deres randzoner via et bånd 6, som består af en 100 jam tyk hinde af 30 "Tedlar PVF", markedsført af Dupont de Nemours International S.A.The glass plate 1 and its coating 2 form a first part 3 of the mirror. Another part 4 comprises a backing plate of plain transparent soda lime glass 5. The glass plate 5 protects the coating 2 from mechanical damage, e.g. scratching. The two are joined at their border zones via a band 6, which consists of a 100 µm thick film of 30 "Tedlar PVF" marketed by Dupont de Nemours International S.A.
Begge sider af båndet er belagt med et lag 7 af "varmsmelte" -klæbemiddel. "Tedlar"-hinden har betragtelig modstandsdygtighed mod indtrængning af vand og gas. Hvert af "varmsmelte"-klæbemiddellagene er 100 jum tykke. Det anvendte varmsmelteklæbestof har følgende 35 sammensætning angivet i vægtdele:Both sides of the tape are coated with a layer 7 of "hot melt" adhesive. The "Tedlar" membrane has considerable resistance to water and gas penetration. Each of the "hot melt" adhesive layers is 100 µm thick. The hot melt adhesive used has the following composition in parts by weight:
Butylgummi, elastomer type 40Butyl rubber, elastomer type 40
Blødgører i form af polybuten 15 "Klæber", såsom polyterpen 20Plasticizer in the form of polybutene 15 "Adhesive" such as polyterpene 20
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1111
Fyldstof, såsom kønrøg 2Filler, such as carbon black 2
Stabilisator af phenol typen 1 Mættet carbonhydrid, f.eks. en paraffin, til at forøge modstandsdygtigheden mod 5 indtrængning af vand 22Phenol type 1 stabilizer Saturated hydrocarbon, e.g. a paraffin, to increase the resistance to water penetration 22
Klæbemidlet har en vandgennemtrængelighed på mindre end 0,5 g 2 I^O pr. m overflade pr. 24 timer pr. mm tykkelse pr. cm Hg tryk.The adhesive has a water permeability of less than 0.5 g 2 l m surface per 24 hours a day mm thickness per cm Hg pressure.
Spejlet fremstilles på følgende måde: 10 Glaspladen 1 med dens sølvbelægning 2 anbringes vandret på et underlag. Båndene af "Tedlar" 6, belagt på begge sider med "varmsmelte"-lag 7, udlægges på sølvbelægningen langs pladens fire randzoner. Glaspladen 5 bringes derefter på plads. Randzonerne af den dannede enhed underkastes derpå et let tryk, f.eks. ved 15 kalendrering. Dernæst placeres den samlede enhed i en ovn og opvarmes til ca. 100°C i 15 minutter for at bringe "varmsmelte" -klæbemidlet på smeltet form. "Tedlar"-båndet 6 og klæbestof!agene 7 tilvejebringer en effektiv beskyttelse mod indtrængning af fugt og andre atmosfæriske stoffer mellem de to dele 3 og 4 og forhindrer 20 således for tidlig ødelæggelse af sølvlaget 2 ved kemisk korrosion.The mirror is manufactured as follows: 10 The glass plate 1 with its silver coating 2 is placed horizontally on a substrate. The strips of "Tedlar" 6, coated on both sides with "hot melt" layer 7, are laid on the silver coating along the four edge zones of the plate. The glass plate 5 is then brought into place. The edge zones of the formed unit are then subjected to a slight pressure, e.g. at 15 calendars. Next, place the assembled unit in an oven and heat to approx. 100 ° C for 15 minutes to bring the "hot melt" adhesive into molten form. The "Tedlar" band 6 and the adhesive agents 7 provide effective protection against the ingress of moisture and other atmospheric substances between the two parts 3 and 4, thus preventing premature destruction of the silver layer 2 by chemical corrosion.
Om nødvendigt kan randzonen på pladen 5, forinden den bringes på plads, behandles med et koblingsmiddel, såsom en sil an, som er forenelig med klæbemidlet, for at forøge klæbestofforbindel sens styrke og dens modstandsdygtighed mod fugt.If necessary, the edge zone of the plate 5, before it is put into place, can be treated with a coupling agent, such as a screen compatible with the adhesive, to increase the strength of the adhesive compound and its resistance to moisture.
25 I en alternativ udførelsesform anvendes der interferenslag, f.eks. baseret på oxider som Ti02 og Si02, i stedet for et sølvlag til at frembringe det semitransparente spejl.In an alternative embodiment, interference layers, e.g. based on oxides such as TiO2 and SiO2, instead of a silver layer to produce the semi-transparent mirror.
Delen 4 kan i stedet for at være en almindelig glasplade være et laminat, som består af to glasplader, der er forbundet med en 30 mellemliggende plade af polyvinylbutyral.The portion 4, instead of being a plain glass sheet, may be a laminate consisting of two glass sheets connected to an intermediate sheet of polyvinyl butyral.
I en anden udførelsesform udgøres delen 4 af en plade af plast, såsom en polycarbonat.In another embodiment, the part 4 is constituted by a plastic sheet, such as a polycarbonate.
I udformningen i fig. 2 omfatter spejlet to dele 10 og 11, hvoraf den første omfatter en sølvbelagt glasplade, og den anden er 35 en ubelagt plade af almindeligt glas 12. Den første del omfatter en glasplade 13, som ved velkendte metoder successivt er belagt med et lag af mel tal li sk sølv, et kobberlag 15 og et beskyttende lag maling 16. De to dele 10 og 11 er sammenføjet med et lag af varmsmelteklæ-bemiddel 17, som er modstandsdygtigt mod indtrængning af vand, ogIn the embodiment of FIG. 2, the mirror comprises two parts 10 and 11, the first one comprising a silver-plated glass plate and the second 35 being an uncoated plate of ordinary glass 12. The first portion comprises a glass plate 13 which is successively coated with a layer of flour. numbers in silver, a copper layer 15 and a protective layer of paint 16. The two parts 10 and 11 are joined together with a layer of hot melt adhesive 17, which is resistant to water penetration, and
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12 som er udbredt over hele spejlets areal.12 which is widespread throughout the mirror area.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet har følgende sammensætning angivet i vægtdele: 5 "EVA 607" (ethylen/vinylacetatcopolymer fremstillet af Union Carbide Corp.) 40 "DYLT" (ethylen-homopolymer, fremstillet af Union Carbide Corp.) 5 10 "CKM-2400" ("klæber" baseret på phenol - harpiks, fremstillet af Union Carbide Corp.) 15 "KLYRVEL 90" (blødgører og "klæber", som 15 indeholder carbonhydrider, fremstillet afThe hot melt adhesive has the following composition in parts by weight: 5 "EVA 607" (ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.) 40 "DYLT" (ethylene homopolymer manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.) 5 10 "CKM-2400" ("adhesive "based on phenol resin manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.) 15" KLYRVEL 90 "(softener and" adhesive "containing 15 hydrocarbons manufactured from
Velsicol Chemical Corp.) 7,5 "PICCOLYTE A-115" ("klæber" baseret på polyterpen, fremstillet af Pennsylvania 20 Industrial Chemical Corp.) 12,5 "BE SQUARE 190-195" (mikrokrystallinsk voks, fremstillet af Bareco Div. of Petrol i te Corp.) 20 25 "ANTIOXIDANT 330" (leveret af Ethyl Corp.) 0,1Velsicol Chemical Corp.) 7.5 "PICCOLYTE A-115" ("adhesive" based on polyterpene, manufactured by Pennsylvania 20 Industrial Chemical Corp.) 12.5 "BE SQUARE 190-195" (microcrystalline wax, manufactured by Bareco Div. of Petrol in Tea Corp.) 20 25 "ANTIOXIDANT 330" (supplied by Ethyl Corp.) 0.1
Vandgennemtrængeligheden af klæbestoffet i størknet form er 2 mindre end 0,5 g HgO pr. m overflade pr. 24 timer pr. mm tykkelse pr. cm Hg tryk.The water permeability of the adhesive in solidified form is 2 less than 0.5 g HgO per minute. m surface per 24 hours a day mm thickness per cm Hg pressure.
30 Spejlet fremstilles på følgende måde: Delen 10, dvs.The mirror is manufactured as follows: Part 10, ie.
spejl komponenten, anbringes på en vandret overflade. Et stykke siliconepapir, som på den ene side er dækket med et 20 μια tykt lag af varmsmelteklæbemiddel, afklippes fra lagervaren, idet stykkets dimensioner skal være lidt større end spejlets.mirror component, placed on a horizontal surface. A piece of silicone paper, which on one side is covered with a 20 μια-thick layer of hot melt adhesive, is cut from the stock product, the dimensions of the piece being slightly larger than the mirror.
35 Det afklippede stykke placeres derefter på den malede side 16 af spejl komponenten med laget af varmsmelteklæbemiddel i berøring med laget af maling. Der udøves dernæst et let tryk på silicone-papiret fordelt over hele spejl komponentens areal for således at få klæbes tof laget til at klæbe til spejlet. Med en kniv eller etThe cut piece is then placed on the painted side 16 of the mirror component with the layer of hot melt adhesive in contact with the layer of paint. Then, a light pressure is applied to the silicone paper distributed over the entire mirror surface area so as to cause the top layer to adhere to the mirror. With a knife or one
DK 153987 BDK 153987 B
13 barberblad afskærs derpå de randzoner på klæbestof-si 1 iconepapiret, som rager ud over spejlets kanter. Sil iconepapiret pilles derpå af, efterladende klæbemiddellaget 17 på plads. Glaspladen 12 bringes derefter på plads.13 razor blades are then cut off the border zones on the adhesive in the 1 icon paper, which protrudes beyond the edges of the mirror. The sieve icon paper is then peeled off, leaving the adhesive layer 17 in place. The glass plate 12 is then brought into place.
5 Det resulterende emne kalandreres koldt for at sikre ensartet fordeling af klæbestoffet og for at fjerne eventuelle luftbobler. Herefter anbringes det samlede emne i en ovn ved 110°C og atmosfæretryk i 20 minutter. Enheden afkøles derpå og er straks klar til brug.5 The resulting item is cold-calibrated to ensure uniform distribution of the adhesive and to remove any air bubbles. Then place the total blank in an oven at 110 ° C and atmospheric pressure for 20 minutes. The unit is then cooled and immediately ready for use.
10 Det fremstillede spejl blev afprøvet i en salttåge. Under denne afprøvning var spejlet anbragt i et kammer med en temperatur på 40°C i en mættet saltholdig atmosfære. Undersøgelse af spejlet efter mange timer afslørede ingen beskadigelse af spejlets sølvlag, medens et traditionelt spejl, der blev underkastet den samme behandling, 15 blev gjort ubrugeligt.10 The produced mirror was tested in a salt mist. During this test, the mirror was placed in a chamber with a temperature of 40 ° C in a saturated saline atmosphere. Examination of the mirror after many hours revealed no damage to the silver layer of the mirror, while a traditional mirror subjected to the same treatment was rendered useless.
Lignende resultater blev opnået ved anvendelse af et 40 /zm tykt varmesmeltelag, der var udlagt på underlag af sil iconepapir markedsført af Euro-M; "varmsmelten" indeholdt blandt andet butyl og voks. Vandgennemtrængeligheden af et sådant klæbestof er, udtrykt i 20 samme enhed som tidligere, mindre end 0,1.Similar results were obtained using a 40 µm-thick heat-melting layer laid on a silicon wafer paper marketed by Euro-M; The "hot melt" contained, among other things, butyl and wax. The water permeability of such an adhesive, expressed in the same unit as before, is less than 0.1.
Det er undertiden fordelagtigt at forvarme spejlet, f.eks. til ca. 60°C forinden påføringen af varmsmelteklæbemidlet.It is sometimes advantageous to preheat the mirror, e.g. to approx. 60 ° C prior to application of the hot melt adhesive.
Som en variant af den netop beskrevne fremstillingsproces kan der i stedet for glaspladen 12 anvendes en vitrokeramisk plade.As a variant of the process just described, an in vitro ceramic plate may be used in place of the glass plate 12.
25 Ifølge en alternativ fremstillingsmetode opvarmes den dannede enhed, efter at den anden glasplade 12 er bragt på plads, til 120°C i 20 minutter, og den varme enhed udsættes derefter for tryk, f.eks. ved kalandrering som ovenfor omtalt. Emnet afkøles derpå og er straks klar til brug.According to an alternative manufacturing method, after the second glass plate 12 is placed in place, the formed unit is heated to 120 ° C for 20 minutes and the hot unit is then subjected to pressure, e.g. by calendering as discussed above. The workpiece is then cooled and immediately ready for use.
30 Fig. 3 viser et afdugningsspejl. Denne spejltype anvendes i stigende grad i brusebaderum.FIG. 3 shows a deflection mirror. This type of mirror is increasingly used in shower rooms.
Afdugningsspejlet er af lamineret opbygning og omfatter to dele 20 og 21. Delen 20 er et spejl, der består af en glasplade 22, som bærer et sølvlag 23 og et kobberlag 24. Delen 22 omfatter en 35 glasplade 25, som er blevet termisk eller kemisk hærdnet, og som bærer et elektrisk ledende lag SnOg 26, der er aflejret ved én af de inden for området kendte fremgangsmåder. Delene 20 og 21 er sammenføjet via en polyesterfolie 27, som har en tykkelse på 20 /zm, og som på begge sider er belagt med varmsmelteklæbemiddellag 28 ogThe deflection mirror is of laminated construction and comprises two parts 20 and 21. The part 20 is a mirror consisting of a glass plate 22 which carries a silver layer 23 and a copper layer 24. The part 22 comprises a glass plate 25 which has become thermal or chemical. cured and carrying an electrically conductive layer of SnOg 26 deposited by one of the methods known in the art. The portions 20 and 21 are joined via a polyester film 27 having a thickness of 20 µm and coated on both sides with hot melt adhesive layer 28 and
DK 153987 BDK 153987 B
14 29, der hver har en tykkelse på 60 /zm.14 29, each having a thickness of 60 µm.
Varmsmelteklæbemidlet havde følgende sammensætning, angivet i vægtdele: 5 "EVA-305" (ethyl/vinylacetat-copolymer fremstillet af Union Carbide Corp.) 40 "CKM-2400" ("klæber" baseret på phenol - harpiks fremstillet af Union Carbide Corp.) 15 10 "PICCOLYTE S-115" (polyterpen-"klæber" fremstillet af Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.) 12,5 15 "STA TAC" (syntetisk polyterpen fremstillet af Reichhold Chemical Inc.) 12,5 "BE SQUARE 190/195" (mikrokrystallinsk voks fremstillet af Bareco Div. of Petrol ite Corp.) 10 20 "PQLYWAX 2000" (voks fremstillet af BarecoThe hot melt adhesive had the following composition, expressed in parts by weight: 5 "EVA-305" (ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.) 40 "CKM-2400" ("adhesive" based on phenol - resin manufactured by Union Carbide Corp.) 15 10 "PICCOLYTE S-115" (polyterpene "adhesive" manufactured by Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.) 12.5 "STA TAC" (synthetic polyterpene manufactured by Reichhold Chemical Inc.) 12.5 "BE SQUARE 190/195" (Microcrystalline wax manufactured by Bareco Div. of Petrol ite Corp.) 10 20 "PQLYWAX 2000" (wax manufactured by Bareco
Div. of Petrol i te Corp.) 10 "ANTIOXIDANT 330" (leveret af Ethyl Corp.) 0,1 25Div. of Petrol in Tea Corp.) 10 "ANTIOXIDANT 330" (supplied by Ethyl Corp.) 0.1 25
Vandgennemtrængeligheden var, udtrykt i den samme enhed som tidligere, mindre end 0,5.The water permeability, expressed in the same unit as before, was less than 0.5.
Ved fremstillingen af spejlet blev polyesterfilmen 27, der var belagt med klæbemiddellagene 28 og 29, anbragt mellem delene 20 og 30 21. Enheden blev kalandreret i kold tilstand og derefter i en ovn bragt til en temperatur på 120°C ved atmosfæretryk.In the manufacture of the mirror, the polyester film 27 coated with the adhesive layers 28 and 29 was placed between portions 20 and 30 21. The unit was calendered in a cold state and then brought to an oven at a temperature of 120 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
Det frembragte spejl udviste god modstandsdygtighed mod salttågen under en afprøvning som tidligere beskrevet. Hverken sølvlaget 23 eller det elektrisk ledende lag 26 viste tegn på 35 beskadigelse.The mirror produced showed good resistance to the salt mist during a test as previously described. Neither the silver layer 23 nor the electrically conductive layer 26 showed any signs of damage.
I tilgift yder filmen 27 i et vist omfang sikkerhed i tilfælde af brud på glasset.In addition, the film 27 provides security to a certain extent in the event of a glass breakage.
I en modificeret udførelsesform er polyesterfolien 27 erstattet af en polyvinyl idenchlorid-, polytetrafluorethylen-, polyethylen-In a modified embodiment, the polyester foil 27 is replaced by a polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene,
DK 153987 BDK 153987 B
15 eller polypropylenfolie, der om nødvendigt er forbehandlet således, at den tager imod klæbemiddellagene.15, or polypropylene film, which is pretreated, if necessary, to receive the adhesive layers.
Som en alternativ fremstillingsmetode kan varmsmelteklæbe-middellagene indledningsvis anbringes på delene 20 og 21, f.eks. ved 5 overførsel fra et ikke-vedhængende midlertidigt underlag som tidligere beskrevet i stedet for at anvende en film, der forinden er belagt med klæbestof. De to fremgangmsåder kan om ønsket eventuelt anvendes sammen.As an alternative method of preparation, the hot melt adhesive layers may initially be applied to the parts 20 and 21, e.g. by transferring from a non-adherent temporary substrate as previously described instead of using a film previously coated with adhesive. The two modes of operation can optionally be used together if desired.
I endnu en udførelsesform illustreret i fig. 4 omfatter delen 10 21 i stedet for en glasplade 25, der bærer et ledende lag 26, en glasplade 30, der bærer ledende strimler 31, som er forbundet til strømfordelere 32. De ledende strimler 31 kan være lavet af ledende sølvemalje, som er påbrændt under termisk hærdning af pladen 30 ved en metode, som er kendt af fagfolk inden for området.In yet another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the portion 10 21, instead of a glass plate 25 carrying a conductive layer 26, comprises a glass plate 30 carrying conductive strips 31 which are connected to distributors 32. The conductive strips 31 may be made of conductive silver enamel which is burnt. during thermal curing of plate 30 by a method known to those skilled in the art.
15 I spejlet, der er illustreret som vist i fig 2, kan der eventuelt anvendes en film såsom 27, der er anvendt i spejlet beskrevet i forbindelse med fig. 3.15 In the mirror illustrated as shown in FIG. 2, a film such as 27 used in the mirror described in connection with FIG. Third
20 25 1 3520 25 1 35
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU74641 | 1976-03-25 | ||
| LU74641A LU74641A1 (en) | 1976-03-25 | 1976-03-25 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK117277A DK117277A (en) | 1977-09-26 |
| DK153987B true DK153987B (en) | 1988-10-03 |
| DK153987C DK153987C (en) | 1989-02-13 |
Family
ID=19728193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK117277A DK153987C (en) | 1976-03-25 | 1977-03-17 | MIRROR |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE852501A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2713351C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153987C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2345737A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1573176A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1073478B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU74641A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL183934C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO770961L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE434211B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1128006B (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1986-05-28 | Bfg Glassgroup | MIRRORS PRODUCTION |
| EP0081426A1 (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-06-15 | Boussois S.A. | Thermoplastic strip for securing a glass sheet, process for securing it and conducting layer used therefor |
| FR2517664A1 (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-06-10 | Boussois Sa | Thermoplastic string for bonding glass pane e.g. windscreen to frame - comprises ethyl-vinyl!-acetate or ethylene! ethyl acrylate! copolymer |
| FR2540999B1 (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1986-05-16 | Creusot Loire | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIXING A MIRROR ON A SUPPORT |
| US5303036A (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1994-04-12 | The Dow Chemical Company | Variable path length light transmission probe |
| DE4437854A1 (en) * | 1994-10-22 | 1996-04-25 | Thomas Lippold | Safety mirror |
| US6720082B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2004-04-13 | Bridgestone Corporation | Glass improved in impact resistance |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1302817B (en) * | 1971-01-07 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE960583C (en) * | 1955-01-15 | 1957-03-21 | August Schoeninger O H G | Laminated sheet material |
| US3427096A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1969-02-11 | Donnelly Mirrors Inc | Shatter resistant rearview mirror |
| FR1388706A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1965-02-12 | Coordination D Orientation Des | Process for bonding mirrors made of ice or glass to each other or to a support |
| DE1719107C3 (en) * | 1965-07-07 | 1974-07-11 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for bonding olefin polymers |
| BE688190A (en) * | 1966-10-13 | 1967-03-16 | ||
| CA1063570A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1979-10-02 | Amerace Corporation | Light reflector structure |
| GB1391425A (en) * | 1971-06-09 | 1975-04-23 | Glaverbel | Electrically heated panels |
| DE2152642A1 (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-04-26 | Manfred Jaeckel | LIGHT GUIDE BODY, IN PARTICULAR MIRRORS |
-
1976
- 1976-03-25 LU LU74641A patent/LU74641A1/xx unknown
-
1977
- 1977-03-16 BE BE1008017A patent/BE852501A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-17 NO NO770961A patent/NO770961L/en unknown
- 1977-03-17 FR FR7708333A patent/FR2345737A1/en active Granted
- 1977-03-17 DK DK117277A patent/DK153987C/en active
- 1977-03-17 SE SE7703036A patent/SE434211B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-21 GB GB11775/77A patent/GB1573176A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-22 IT IT67629/77A patent/IT1073478B/en active
- 1977-03-25 DE DE2713351A patent/DE2713351C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-25 NL NLAANVRAGE7703238,A patent/NL183934C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1302817B (en) * | 1971-01-07 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE852501A (en) | 1977-09-16 |
| IT1073478B (en) | 1985-04-17 |
| DE2713351C3 (en) | 1981-08-27 |
| DK153987C (en) | 1989-02-13 |
| SE434211B (en) | 1984-07-16 |
| SE7703036L (en) | 1977-09-26 |
| FR2345737B1 (en) | 1982-04-23 |
| LU74641A1 (en) | 1977-10-10 |
| NL183934B (en) | 1988-10-03 |
| DK117277A (en) | 1977-09-26 |
| NL183934C (en) | 1989-03-01 |
| FR2345737A1 (en) | 1977-10-21 |
| DE2713351B2 (en) | 1980-10-02 |
| DE2713351A1 (en) | 1977-09-29 |
| NL7703238A (en) | 1977-09-27 |
| GB1573176A (en) | 1980-08-20 |
| NO770961L (en) | 1977-09-27 |
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