DE847945C - Method and device for producing combustible gas from hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Description

(WiGBl. P. 175)

ISSUED AUGUST 28, 1952

from hydrocarbon oil

Attempts to convert oil into combustible (ras, were Already done several times, but without economic success, which makes sense when you look at some which takes into account the requirements that must be placed on the production of gas from oil. The gas, may it serve for the exclusive supply or to compensate for peaks in the supply, must be of uniform quality and have special combustion properties. The process of creation gas from oil is subject to the requirement for a certain elasticity; d. H. the production must take place quickly and continuously, and vice versa, shutdown must take place in a simple and quick manner of the operation be possible. The equipment used to crack the oil must handle the processing of inexpensive fractions of petroleum oils as well as the processing of light gas oils or heavy residues; they must change the properties of the gas product Allow, within certain limits, also a change in the quantity of production without any Disruption of operation occurs. Since the price of the possibility of sales of combustible gas in Competition with other fuels is a crucial factor, are all the moments that the Gas generation costs determine how investments

Maintenance, inventory, operating costs, maintenance and yield are of the utmost importance. With regard the high amount of gas consumed results in slight price differences per unit of quantity as a result of the multiplication resulting from the total consumption to millions of cubic meters substantial amounts of money. Another requirement made on a facility for cracking oil must be provided is that they are not only simple and ίο of high efficiency in operation, but also must be squat in the system.

The quality of the heating gas is naturally determined by the demands of the consumers. The greater number of consumers burn the gas in so-called air gas burners, which are defined in the sense that they have openings of a certain size and, to a certain extent, open, non-adjustable air flaps, which means that gas production must ensure uniform gas quality results. Other important aspects when operating air gas burners are the properties of the gas, in particular its calorific value and density. A gas with a calorific value of over 7120 kcal / Nm ³ , generally over $ 455 kcal / Nm ³ , and a density between 0.6 and 0.8, preferably 0.68 (air = 1) should be aimed for. The density of the gas depends to a large extent on its content of hydrogen and phosphors, ie hydrocarbons of high molecular weight. Gases that have too much hydrogen tend to flash back, and gases that have too small a percentage of phosphors result in an elongated flame. So far it has not been possible with any of the known devices for cracking oil to generate a gas which fulfills these conditions and is commercially viable.

The invention is based on the object of developing a method which allows hydrocarbon oil into a gas of desirable combustion properties and greater uniformity than this was previously possible to implement.

In particular, the invention seeks to use inferior petroleum oils as the starting raw material with excretion of carbonaceous residues or free carbon gas from improved To gain heating properties and at the same time the process and its implementation to train necessary device so that they work economically and flexibly.

The inventive method consists in that steam in a first, heated refractory material containing zone or chamber is preheated and from here upwards into an empty reaction chamber flows, which at a hydrocarbon oil evaporating and partially cracking temperature is held, and in which, in countercurrent to the steam, the hydrocarbon oil is dusted downwards or is sprayed; that in this second chamber is essentially completely vaporized and partially cracked Oil flows as a gaseous reaction mixture down into another reaction chamber, which is maintained at a temperature to complete the cracking of the mixture. From this chamber the mixture goes down into a fourth chamber, which is refractory, heat-storing material of a temperature causing the gaseous reaction mixture to be fixed. Appropriate hydrocarbon gas is also introduced into the first reaction chamber, specifically preferably part of the gas produced.

The heating of the chambers or zones before the actual gas generation period takes place in the Way that air is at least partially filled with heated refractory, gas-permeable material flows through the first chamber, preheated in the second chamber and there in direct contact with one Fuel arrives which, in the presence of this air, heats the walls of the second chamber burns, whereupon the resulting combustion gases are transferred from top to bottom through the third chamber of heat on their walls and closing! lent the fourth chamber to theirs, releasing heat "Flow through filling made of refractory, gas-permeable material" and escape from this fourth chamber.

The mixture of steam and hydrocarbon gas flows from the bottom up through the second chamber ! conducted at a rate high enough to prevent the carbonaceous material from leaking out to prevent this chamber down. The gas flowing out of the second chamber at the top is free from solid and liquid carbons and flows through, as already mentioned, the third and fourth chambers or Zone. Part of the gas flowing out of the second chamber is fed to the inlet of the second Chamber returned for mixing with the steam entering it. The directions of flow of the air flow as well as the flow of the mixture of steam and hydrocarbon gas are of Time to time reversed; The chambers are filled with steam between the work cycles cleaned of combustion gases and remaining components of combustible gas. It is beneficial to admit secondary air into the second chamber, together with the preheated primary air, in such a way, that with the combustion gases, excess air and carbon-containing air get into the third chamber Brings deposits in this chamber to incineration.

A particularly expedient embodiment of the method is that each work cycle composed of the following, chronologically consecutive periods: a) a heating period, during which air flows through the chambers via a preheated riser pipe, in the second chamber the Combustion of the supplied fuel takes place and the combustion gases via the third chamber, the fourth chamber and a second riser vent to the atmosphere; b) a flushing period during which is let into the atmosphere through the first riser and through the second riser escaping steam expels the combustion gases contained in the system; c) a gas generation period during which steam is supplied via the first riser pipe, this in the Mixture with hydrocarbon gas over the first

Chamber reaches the /. Width and there with the im Countercurrent injected hydrocarbon oil meets, so that the thereby generated hydrocarbon gas via the third and fourth chambers, after fixation in the latter, withdraws through the second riser pipe ; d) a second flushing period, during which through let in through the first riser pipe and through the second riser pipe escaping into the atmosphere: steam expelled gas components contained in the system will; e) a heating period with flow direction opposite to that of period a; f) a flushing period with the direction of flow opposite that of period b; g) a gas generation period with the direction of flow opposite to that the period c; h) a flushing period with the direction of flow opposite to that of period d.

The device for performing the method according to the invention consists in that two chambers arranged one above the other, of which the first at least partially with refractory, gas passage gaps containing material filled, the second refractory lined, narrowed by a Gas passage opening in the cover of the lower or bottom of the upper chamber in connection with one another stand and via a transverse channel extending from the top of the upper, second chamber the upper chamber of a second pair of similarly formed and interconnected Chambers are connected; On the bottom side, a riser pipe opens into the first and fourth chambers, which protrudes in height over the chamber unit; there are also supply lines for primary air and Hydrocarbon gas to the first and fourth chambers as well as supply lines for secondary air and fuel to the second and third chambers and nozzles for injecting the hydrocarbon oil in the lids of the two last-mentioned chambers. The riser pipes, which can be closed at their upper ends are provided with connections for the supply of steam and primary air. The first and fourth At the bottom of the chamber, there are alternating lines for the return of hydrocarbon gas connected from the fourth chamber to the first and vice versa. From the top of the two risers go from below their closing organs lines that are attached to a three-way valve to reverse the direction of flow and for the withdrawal of the finished hydrocarbon gases converge.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, an explanation is given below on the basis of these the method according to the invention and its advantageous mode of action compared to the previous state seem more understandable to technology.

The formation of carbon and carbon-containing components is an unavoidable by-product, which is due to the pyrolytic conversion de ^r hydrocarbons, in particular the residual oil to gas. These carbonaceous deposits are detrimental to oil-to-gas cracking in several directions. These deposits cause a reduction in the yield of combustible gas, clogging of the equipment, a reduction in efficiency and rapid wear and tear on the equipment. According to the method according to the invention, the main mass of the carbonaceous material that is formed when the oil is converted into gas is held in an empty chamber; only oil vapors and gases which are essentially free of carbon-containing constituents and liquid oil get into the chamber filled with brick cubes or the like in order to be subjected to the fixation process there. This separation of the carbonaceous constituents is achieved in that the aforementioned empty chamber is preheated to a peak temperature for the cracking process and that the hydrocarbon oil is then injected into this heated empty chamber in countercurrent to the flow of a mixture of steam and hydrocarbon carrier gas, the velocity of which is large enough is to prevent oil and carbonaceous parts from flowing into the first chamber. Through the interaction of the upward flow of steam and hydrocarbon gas on the one hand and the cracking temperature in the empty chamber on the other hand, the evaporation and cracking of the liquid oil are brought about with simultaneous production of carbon and carbonaceous material, which, however, is deposited on the walls of the chamber, see above that the vapors and the gas. Essentially free from solid, carbon-containing rushes and liquid oil, for further conversion, i.e. fixation, can flow off into a separate zone. The retention of the predominant amount of carbon-containing material on the walls of an empty chamber is Particularly advantageous in that the flow through the apparatus is not significantly hindered, which results in the possibility of maintaining a high output as well as reducing the number of shutdowns of the plant for the purpose of cleaning The fixation chambers filled with bricks, broken bricks or the like no longer take place, the rapid wear and tear of these fillings that has always occurred with previously known methods is avoided are caused by direct action of carbon on d ie the filling or the burning of the carbon in the brickworks, which leads to strong local overheating.

The addition of hydrocarbon carrier gas to the steam during the actual gas generation period has a number of advantages.

This gas supplements the steam as a propellant for moving the oil vapors through the equipment. It helps prevent oil or carbonaceous components from falling through the Bottom of the empty chambers. It facilitates the evaporation of the oil and the better distribution of the Cracked oil vapors; it allows a lesser amount of steam to be used during the gas generation period; this has the effect of lowering costs and intensifying them the cracking conditions while increasing the capacity. The replacement of a part

of the steam by hydrocarbon carrier gas during the gas generation period also has the effect maintaining a high temperature in the cracking zone because of the heat demand for steam, including the internal heat of the reaction, under the conditions described, is significantly higher than the heat requirement of hydrocarbon carrier gas, for which reason the steam a greater amount of heat from the Apparatus withdraws, and thus its temperature lowers ίο more than an equivalent amount of hydrocarbon gas. Since the cracking is a function of temperature, the pyrolytic progresses Conversion of the oil into gas when using hydrocarbon gas instead of steam as the driving force Medium faster. However, it is recommended for the purpose of converting carbonaceous Deposits in blue water gas use some amount of steam. Used as a hydrocarbon carrier gas a portion of the hydrocarbon gas produced that is returned for this purpose, thus there is the further advantage of reducing the higher molecular weight hydrocarbon gases and the reduction in the proportion of phosphors in the end gas and in the specific weight. One of the difficulties encountered with the known methods is the change in temperature in the cracking zone, especially in the brickwork-filled chamber; a stronger one arises Temperature rise, which leads to the formation of local overheating. The consequence of this is that-parts of the oil will crack over and deposit excessive amounts of carbon while other parts of the oil remain undercracked, which is synonymous with imperfect utilization of the oil. It was found, that more favorable temperature conditions in the cracking zone result when the empty reaction zone reaches a peak temperature for gas generation, is heated and if you then move the combustion gases down through another empty zone j or chamber can flow into a chamber filled with refractory, gas-permeable material. The downward current of the gases through the empty reaction zone and the fixing chamber filled with refractory material results in a relatively uniform course of the path following the combustion gases Temperature drop and a more even distribution of temperature in those filled with brickwork Chamber. The introduction of hydrocarbon carrier gas during the gas generation period has in addition the advantage of a better distribution of the oil, so that it cracks over or undercracked to a lesser extent will. ! The method according to the invention in conjunction with the device proposed for its implementation achieves more efficient use of the plant in that it plays a greater part in the cracking process or takes part in the conversion of oil into gas, while the remaining part of the plant does this j serves to obtain heat by preheating the steam and the air entering the system. To be highlighted is that these favorable cracking conditions are irrespective of the direction of flow of the media are given in the system.

The introduction of hydrocarbon carrier gas during the gas generation period is an easy one Means at hand to make the process elastic, in that the amount of hydrocarbon gas is varied.

The figure explains the method according to the invention and shows an exemplary embodiment for a device for its implementation.

According to the drawing, the system is divided into two units, which are designated with No. 1 and No. 2. The two units are connected at the top by a transverse channel and by lines, the purpose of which will be explained later. The boiler 1 of the unit no. Ι consists of a metal jacket 2 which is lined with bricks or the like. The refractory lining absorbs heat and protects the surrounding metal jacket 2 from direct contact with hot gases. In addition, an insulation 10 can be provided between the metal jacket 2 and the refractory lining 3. The kettle 1 includes an empty upper reaction chamber 4 and a lower preheating or fixing chamber 5; the latter is filled with refractory material 6 to maintain and store heat. This material consists, for example, of bricks or bricks with gaps for the gases to pass through. The reaction chamber 4 and the fixing chamber 5 are connected by an annularly constricted opening 7, which has the task of mixing the gases and giving the gas entering the chamber 4 a high velocity. A refractory lined channel S connects the bottom of the boiler 1 to the lower end of a refractory lined riser pipe 9, which protrudes in height above the unit for the extraction of the heating gases and generates a train when the unit is shut down. At its upper end, the riser pipe carries a closure flap 11 ; Above this there is an exhaust duct 12. The gas generated flows out of the riser pipe 9 into a line 15 which opens at a three-way valve 14. A line 15, ii> serves to introduce primary air, which is supplied, for example, by a fan, not shown; the primary air passes through a valve 17 and line 13 into the riser pipe q. The primary air can also be introduced directly into the riser pipe 9. A feed line 18 is used to introduce steam via a valve iq into the riser pipe 9. Hydrocarbon gas is supplied from the outside via a line 65, a valve 20 and a connection piece 21, expediently at the lower end of the riser pipe 9.

In a preferred embodiment, part of the hydrocarbon carrier gas is used Hydrocarbon gas generated in the system, which is returned to the bottom of the chamber 5, and via a line 66, a valve 67 and a fan via the valve 20 into the nozzle 21. The gas Hydrocarbon oil to be converted is fed through lines 22, 23 via a valve 24 to a nozzle 25, which injects the oil in countercurrent to the gas flowing upwards in the reaction chamber 4. Lines 26, 27 and a valve 28 serve to feed fuel (oil) into the reaction chamber 4

Via a nozzle 29. By means of a fan, secondary air is introduced into the Reaction chamber 4 blown in. The gases enter the lid of the boiler 1 in a refractory lined Cross channel 34 or emerge from this channel into the boiler.

The introduction of a carrier gas, although of particular advantage in operation, is not essential. Rather, steam alone can be used as the driving medium during the gas generation period Find; in some cases one can introduce carrier gas (hydrocarbon) during refrain from certain gas generation periods or during part of the gas generation period. So is, for example, the amount of gas already generated during the first part of a gas generation period so small that it makes it difficult to return generated gas to the chamber 5. One becomes in this In the case of recirculation of the generated gas, wait some time, for example 30 seconds. Also can In some cases it may be desirable to reduce the reduction normally brought about by the recirculation of generated gas, in which case either no generated gas is recycled in the return flow or the recirculation takes place only during part of the gas generation period.

Unit no.2 is designed in the same way as unit no.1. It consists of boiler 35, the metal jacket 36, the refractory lining 37, the reaction chamber 38, the fixing chamber 39 with Filling 41 from brickwork or the like, the connection opening 42, the riser pipe 43, the connection channel 44, the closing flap 45, the exhaust shaft 46, the steam inlet 47 with valve 48, the Inlet 4Q for hydrocarbon gas together with valve 50 and connection line 69 to an external one Hydrocarbon gas source, a return line 71 together with valve 72 and fan 73, a supply line 52 for primary air with valve 53, a supply line 54 for secondary air with valve 55, a line 56 for the supply of the hydrocarbon oil together with valve 57 and spray nozzle 58 and a line 59 for the supply of Fuel with valve 61 and nozzle 62.

A complete work cycle in the sense of the method according to the invention is divided into four main periods, namely, a warm-up period, a gas generation period, a second warm-up period with the opposite Direction of flow and a second gas generation period, also with an opposite one Direction of flow. There are flushing periods between these two main periods.

To prepare for the heating-up period, flap 1 is closed and flap 45 is opened. The three-way valve 14 is switched to unit no. 1.

Primary air is then admitted into the upper part of the riser pipe 9 via the lines 15, 16, valve 17 and line 13; the primary air flows downwards and reaches the bottom of the chamber 5 via the channel 8 with partial preheating on the refractory lining of the same. The partially preheated air flows through the filling 6 of bricks, bricks or similar refractory material in the chamber 5 above and is brought to a higher temperature by contact with this refractory heated material, thereby burning off small amounts of deposited carbon. The air, which is now highly preheated, passes through the opening 7 into the empty chamber 4, into which secondary air enters from the lines 31, 32 and via valve ^ j. At the same time, heating oil is pumped into this air atmosphere through the lines 26, 27 and valve 28 via the nozzle 29, the oil igniting and generating heat which is given off to the walls of the chamber 4. The amount of air supplied is expediently greater than the air requirement for the combustion of the heating oil, so that an excess of air is available for the combustion of carbon-containing particles which had settled on the walls of the chamber 4 during a previous gas generation period. The combustion gases, together with highly heated secondary air, pass through the transverse channel 34 from above into the empty chamber 38, heat its walls and burn the carbon contained therein. In this way, carbon-containing residues that are not converted into blue water are used to heat the reaction chambers during the gas generation period, which means savings in heating oil and in some cases makes the use of heating oil superfluous at all. The resulting combustion gases pass through the opening 42 down into the fixing chamber 39, heat the filling made of brickwork 41 or the like and escape via the riser pipe 43. The result of the heating is that the refractory linings in the reaction chambers 4 and 38 and Assume a temperature suitable for gas generation in the fixing chamber 39, preferably between 833 and 1222 ⁰ C, with a uniform temperature drop following the flow path of the combustion gases and a more uniform distribution over the refractory filling 41. The more uniform temperature conditions are presumably due to the special upward and downward movement of the hot combustion gases in the chambers. Another important factor in the heating process is the maintenance of the highest temperatures in the empty chambers for the purpose of bringing about complete evaporation of the oil and deposition of carbon on the walls of these chambers before the gaseous components enter the fixing chamber long. This will clog the brickworks. Like filling avoided. It has also been found that while maintaining the highest temperatures in chambers 4 and 38 and lower, more uniform temperatures in the brickworks. Like. Fillings 6 and 41 the risk of splintering of this filler material, which is otherwise caused by high heat, large temperature differences and flame temperatures resulting from the combustion of carbon deposits, is significantly reduced.

To dilute or mix the generated gas with remaining in the cavities of the system Excluding combustion gases will be a before the start of the gas generation period Cleaning carried out. For this purpose, the

Combustion gases are expelled with the aid of blown through steam which enters at the upper end of the riser pipe g via the supply line i8 and the valve 19 and exits at the open end of the riser pipe 43. At the end of the heating and rinsing periods, the valves 28, 17, 33 and the flaps 45 are closed.

It is important that during the gas generation period following the heating period, the flow direction is the same as that during the heating period. At the beginning of the gas generation period in the unit No. 1, the steam valve 19 is opened, as is the oil supply valve 24. The fan 68 is activated for the purpose of returning part of the generated gas to the inlet port 21. The steam that has been let in flows in the riser pipe 9 downwards and, together with the return gas added through the nozzle, enters the chamber 5 in order to flow through the filling 6 from the bottom upwards. The steam is highly superheated and expanded. The mixture of superheated steam and return gas passes through the opening 7 at high speed and meets a downwardly directed hollow cone of sprayed oil which is injected through the nozzle 25. A steam and gas mixture velocity of about 15 meters per second has been found sufficient for most operating conditions. The evaporation of the oil takes place instantaneously in the reaction chamber 4; essentially all of the carbon freed by the evaporation and cracking of the oil is deposited on the inner surface of the chamber 4. When the incandescent heat is reached, this carbon reacts with the steam to form blue water gas. Carbon remaining on the walls of the chamber 4 is burned during the following heating period. The mixture of gases flows from the head of the chamber 4 via the transverse channel 34 into the chamber 38, which is also at a high temperature as a result of the previous heating. In this chamber, the conversion of oil into steam or gas continues with further deposition of carbon on the walls of chamber 38 (the deposits are smaller here than in chamber 4); during the downward movement of the gas and steam in the boiler 35, further generation of blue water gas takes place. The gases pass through the opening 42; the cracking process, that is, the transformation of oil into gas, is now largely complete; In general, 90 " _{(l of} the total carbon that is produced in the conversion of oil into gas is deposited on the walls of the chambers 4 and 38, i.e. outside the passage through the brickworks or similar filling 41 Downward travel through the brickwork filling 41 is fixed at a temperature sufficient to complete the decomposition of the oil vapors and convert such oil vapors into oil gas.

Recirculation of part of the gas produced (between 10 and 35 percent by volume of the latter) to the inlet connection 21 can also take place in another way, for example by means of a steam injector, which entrains part of the gas generated from the bottom of the boiler 35, or by means of a fan that withdraws a part of the finished gas from the main part of the same and together with steam at the top Introduces the end of the riser pipe 9. In some cases it has been found beneficial to recycle a part of the generated gas from the transverse channel 34 to the riser 9 or to the ground the fixing chamber 5. It is not desirable to mix the hydrocarbon carrier gas with the To mix steam before passing through the refractory filling 6; for this reason finds this mixing process takes place in the vicinity of the entry to the reaction chamber 4. Instead of what is returned in the cycle The generated gas can also be used with normally gaseous hydrocarbons, such as for example methane, ethane, propane or mixtures of these gases, work as a carrier gas from a outside supply source are introduced.

The use of a hydrocarbon carrier gas in connection with the method of the invention the heating and gas generation has the advantage to be mentioned of a reduction in the amount on deposited carbon, which allows working with smaller amounts of steam. But this in turn has an effect in the production of a gas with a high calorific value; because the bigger they are the amount of steam used, the smaller the value.

The finished gas leaves the boiler 35 through the channel 44, rises in the pipe 43 and overflows the line 51 and the three-way valve 14 to the usual Washing system and to the main line (not shown).

Following the heat-up and gas generation period described now follows in the working cycle, however with opposite flow direction, the next heating and gas generation period.

The flow path of the media takes place in the ascending pipe 43 downwards through the boiler 35 from the bottom to the top, through the boiler 1 from the top to the bottom and through the riser pipe 9 to the top.

The duration of the individual heating and gas generation periods depends on the nature of the one used Batch oils, according to the working conditions and the quality of the desired, to be produced Gas. Heating and gas generation periods of 8 to 10 minutes in duration have been found to be sufficient. The use of higher positive or negative pressures is not required; the implementation of the The process of the invention is carried out essentially at atmospheric pressure.

In order to avoid the risk of explosion, the system should be prepared before the introduction of air for the the following heating-up period are cleaned of combustion gases; cleaning is carried out in such a way that that steam is allowed to flow in via line 47, which then passes through the open end of the Riser pipe 9 escapes.

The process according to the invention allows the processing of hydrocarbon oils within wide limits, from liquid petroleum gas to heavy hydrocarbon oils. A particular advantage of the Invention lies in the fact that they oil the implementation of inferior carbon, so those, the one Conradson carbon number above 10 "" possess, in

Claims (15)

high-quality gases of low specific weight are permitted without the apparatus containing carbon becomes clogged and with complete avoidance of carbonaceous material as a by-product. P AT E X TANS I 'R Γ CIlE: ι. Process for the production of combustible gas from hydrocarbon oil, characterized in, that steam in a first zone or chamber containing heated refractory material is preheated and flows upwards from here into an empty reaction chamber, which opens a temperature which vaporizes and partially cracks the hydrocarbon oil and into which, in countercurrent to the steam, the hydrocarbon oil is dusted or sprayed downward becomes that that in this second chamber is substantially completely vaporized and partially cracked Oil flows down as a gaseous reaction mixture into a further reaction chamber, which is maintained at a temperature completing the cracking of the mixture, and that the mixture finally passes from this chamber down into a fourth chamber, which is refractory, heat-storing material from a fixation of the gaseous reaction mixture Contains temperature. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that that hydrocarbon gas is fed into the first reaction chamber. J. Verfuhren according to claim 2, characterized in that that a part of the gas generated is introduced into the first reaction chamber. 4. Verfuhren according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating of the Chambers or zones takes place in such a way that air is at least partially heated with refractory, gas-permeable material flows through the first chamber, preheated in the second Chamber and there comes into direct contact with a fuel, which in the presence of this Air, heating the walls of the second chamber, burns the resulting combustion gases from top to bottom the third chamber with the transfer of heat to theirs Walls and finally the fourth chamber with heat dissipation at its filling made of refractory, Flow through gas-permeable material and escape from this fourth chamber. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the steam or the mixture of steam and hydrocarbon gas of bottom up through the second chamber with an exit of carbonaceous material passed from this chamber downward preventing velocity and part of the from the second chamber flowing off at the top, essentially free of solid and liquid carbon Gas to the inlet of the second chamber for mixing with the steam entering this is returned. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flow directions of the air flow and the steam stream or the stream from the mixture of steam and hydrocarbon gas from time to time be reversed. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the chambers zwisehen the working cycles by charging with steam from combustion gases and from remaining Flammable gas components are cleaned. 8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the second chamber together with the preheated air secondary air is admitted in such a way that excess air with the combustion gases enters the third chamber and burns carbonaceous deposits in this chamber. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrocarbon oil Heavy oil residue is processed. 10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each working cycle consists of the following consecutive periods is composed of: a) a heating period, during which a preheated Riser pipe air flows through the chambers, in the second chamber the combustion of a supplied Fuel takes place and the combustion gases from the fourth chamber via a second The riser pipe escapes into the atmosphere; b) a flushing period during which through over the first The steam is let into the riser pipe and escapes into the atmosphere through the second riser pipe combustion gases contained in the system are expelled; c) a gas generation period, during which steam is supplied via the first riser pipe, this steam, optionally in a batch with hydrocarbon gas, reaches the second via the first chamber and there with the in countercurrent injected hydrocarbon oil meets, so that the thereby generated hydrocarbon gas via the third and fourth chambers, after fixation in the latter, through the second riser pipe deducts; d) a second flushing period, during which through let in via the first riser pipe and steam contained in the system which escapes into the atmosphere via the second riser pipe Gas components are expelled; c) a heating period with flow direction opposite to that of period a; f) a flushing period with the direction of flow opposite that of period b; g) a gas generation period with flow direction opposite that of the period c and h) of a flushing period with the direction of flow opposite to that of the period d. 11. Facility for carrying out the procedure according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that two are arranged one above the other Chambers (5, 4), of which the first (5) at least partially with refractory, gas passage kicks filled with enclosing material, the second (4) is refractory lined, through a narrowed gas passage opening (7) in the lid of the lower or bottom of the upper chamber are in communication with each other and via one of the top the upper, second chamber (4) outgoing transverse channel (34) to the upper chamber (38) of a second pair of chambers (38, 3c), designed in the same way and connected to one another are connected that on the bottom side in the first (5) and in the fourth chamber (3g) each have a riser pipe (9 or 43) opens, which protrudes in height over the chamber assembly, and that supply lines for primary air (15) and hydrocarbon gas (65 or 69) to these two chambers (5, 39) as well as supply lines for secondary air (31) and for fuel (26) to the second and third chamber! (4 or 38) and nozzles (25, 58) for injecting the hydrocarbon oil into the lids of these Chambers (4 or 38) are provided. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized by two vertically standing side by side, refractory lined, top; on the side by a transverse channel (34) connected boilers (1 or 35), each of which has a min-17 or 15, 53) at least partially filled with brick cubes (6 or 41) Chamber (5 or 39) an empty combustion and gas generating chambers (4 and 38, respectively). 13. Device according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the riser pipes (9 or 43) which can be closed at their upper ends with Connections for the supply of steam (rS or 47) and primary air (15, are provided. 14. Device according to claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the two boilers are alternately connected to the bottom by pipes (66 or 71) for recirculation of hydrocarbon gas from the fourth (39) chamber into the first (5) and vice versa are connected. 15. Device according to claims 11 to 14, characterized in that from the upper ends of the two riser pipes (9, 43) below their closing organs (11, 45) lines (13, 51) Branch off at a three-way valve (14) to reverse the direction of flow and to trigger of the finished hydrocarbon gas converge. 1 sheet of drawings © 5308 8.