DE832787C - Lubricating greases - Google Patents

Description

(WlGBL p. 175)

ISSUED FEBRUARY 28, 1952

ρ 49907 IVd123 c D

Lubricating greases

The invention relates to improved lubricating greases. More specifically, the invention performs ziu new 'lubricating greases that are resistant to bleeding and hardening due to aging and which have an extraordinary mechanical and thermal stability.

It is clear that oxidation has a seriously damaging effect on lubricating greases Has. The speed at which this destruction occurs is different for the various lubricating greases and depends on it partly on the oil base, the presence of additives and also on the conditions, to which the grease is exposed. Once oxidation has begun in a grease, the destruction caused thereby seems to be an autocatalytic phenomenon leading to further Destruction of the grease leads.

Bleeding is a common occurrence with greases and results in an undesirable Separation of the soap and the lubricant into a liquid oil and a part richer in soaps expresses. This effect is presumably the result of changes that tkirch a certain instability the structure of the soap-hydrocarbon mixture.

Generally used to prevent bleeding and improve the structure of the Special precautions are taken, such as slowing down or applying greases faster cooling or extensive processing of the

Lubricating grease in special homogenizers, for. Example in the Cornell homogenizer. Such procedures usually take time and add significantly to the cost of the fat. Other Ways of producing stable, non-bleeding

. Lubricating greases have been tried either by reducing the soap content in general to less than about 5 percent by weight or by increasing the soap content up to one Maximum. These methods of stabilizing greases against bleeding do not have satisfied, since in the case of reducing the soap content to less than 5% the area of application the grease is restricted due to the low soap content, while the increase maximum soap content makes grease too expensive and such products usually have an undesirable consistency.

The cause or reasons for hardening due to aging are not yet known. It appears to be caused by the thread-like soap particles during storage tend to recrystallize at the contact points to form a more rigid structure, and so on cause increased consistency. Such hardening is extremely undesirable because it is various Causes difficulties in lubrication, so with pumps and the like.

An object of the invention is to provide lubricating greases that are resistant to bleeding and hardening are resistant to aging. Another object of the invention are lubricating greases that made in any known manner and containing additives that promote hardening prevent these greases from aging and bleeding. It is also an aim of the invention non-bleeding and non-hardening through aging, usable for all purposes, a minimum amount To create greases containing soap.

The above mentioned and other advantages of the invention can be obtained by adding an oxidized, aromatics rich petroleum fraction, that is, those having an aniline point of 75 ° or less, preferably an aniline point of 65 ⁰ or less, in an amount of 1 to 20 Percentage by weight, based on the total composition, of the lubricating greases.

Mixtures of these oxidized, aromatic-rich petroleum hydrocarbons and / or oxidized nitrogen-containing fractions originating from aromatic-rich petroleum fractions and / or oxidized sulfur-containing fractions originating from aromatic-rich petroleum fractions can also be used. These highly aromatic hydrocarbons can be obtained from various aromatic-rich petroleum fractions by treatment with selective solvents, the solvents used for the treatment of a suitable starting oil being suitable for separating the aromatic components from the non-aromatic components contained in the oil. Suitable solvents are / .. B. sulfur dioxide, phenol, furfural, nitrobenzene, cresol, aniline, ß, ß-dichlorodiethyl ether. Petroleum hydrocarbons which are particularly suitable for treatment with the above-mentioned types of solvents and their mixtures are the lubricating oils, that is to say petroleum fractions which boil above approximately 371 °, such as mineral lubricating oils obtained from crude oils rich in aromatic compounds. Aromatics obtained by sulfur dioxide or furfural treatment of a petroleum distillate with a Saybolt Universal Viscosity (SUS) of approximately 60 at 99 ⁰ are particularly preferred as starting materials for the lubricating grease additives.

A distillate that, after solvent treatment, for the extraction of aromatics and subsequent ones Oxidation of these aromatics results in a particularly suitable additive, has the following Characteristics:

Viscosity at 99 ⁰ C (SUS) ... 60,

Aniline point in ⁰ C 64.8,

Viscosity index - 53,

Molecular weight 364,

Refractive index η ² £ 1.5319,

. Sp. Disp. (Dispersion) 155.

The characteristic data of the aromatics obtained from the above distillate by SO ₂ or furfural extraction are as follows:

Specific weight 1.04,

Viscosity at 99 ⁰ C (SSU). . . 106,

Iodine number, Wijs 100 to 120,

Flash point ⁰ C 202,

Focus ⁰ C 249,

Aniline point in ⁰ C o,

Aniline point, mixed ° C (with

2 vol. Aniline and 1 vol.

«-Heptane and 1 vol. Extract

certain) 23,

Neutralization number 0.3,

Saponification number 0.9,

Refractive index 1.597, ^l ° ⁵

Initial boiling point 1 mm abs. ⁰ C 83,

Final boiling point 1 mm abs. ⁰ C .. 145.

Aromatics which are oxidized and then used as a component of the lubricating greases of the invention no can also be obtained in ways other than solvent extraction of petroleum distillates. So aromatics can be obtained by catalytic conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons, how they are obtained from the residues obtained in the catalytic cracking.

Instead of using the entire aromatic component as it is from the petroleum distillate obtained in the manner described above, the nitrogen or sulfur-containing an A fraction of them rich in heterocyclic compounds, such as the nitrogenous bases, is used will. The nitrogen-containing fractions thus obtained consist of mixtures of compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen and are probably compounds such as substitute

tes pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, indole, carbazole, Pyrazine, cinnoline, naphthyridine and homologues thereof. Also sulfur-containing fractions that are in the • Aromatic fractions obtained from petroleum distillates by the Edeleanu process or the like are contained, can be used as additives to lubricating greases can be used according to the invention, such as substituted tiopbene, benzotiophene, dibenzotiophene and their homologues.

ίο The above aromatic distillates and fractions and / or their derivatives can be used in any suitable manner either before or during their In addition, they are oxidized to form lubricating greases. So can a pre-oxidized noble anu extract to a lubricating grease during the process of its manufacture or after the production of the lubricating grease, or a noble anu extract of one can be added Grease can be added and oxidized in it during a suitable stage of its manufacture.

ao This oxidizing can be accomplished by simply exposing to air or bubbling air through a one Grease containing noble anu extract happen during their production.

When the aromatic distillate or fractions thereof oxidize prior to being added to a grease they can be oxidized by blowing with an oxidizing gas, such as air, air enriched with oxygen, pure oxygen, also by means of hydrogen peroxide, manganese dioxide, Permanganates, chlorates, perchlorates, perborates, chromates, chromic acids, etc., preferably under conditions in which no formation of organic peroxides takes place.

The amount of the oxidized products to be used according to the invention can be varied within Limits vary and depend on many factors, such as the one used to make grease Lubricating oil, the amount and type of soap and other thickeners used. in the in general, the amount of oxidized product used will vary between about 1% and about 20%, preferably from about 4% to about 10% of the total fats.

Those used in the manufacture of the lubricating greases of the invention containing the above oxidized product must contain, the soap used can be saponified by various fats, fatty acids, Derivatives of fats and oils, e.g. B. of fatty acids from vegetable, animal fish halls, hydrogenated fatty acids made therefrom, preferably containing 8 to 40 carbon atoms, synthetic Fatty acids made from hydrocarbons, e.g. B. by oxidizing natural oils or synthetic petroleum products, naphthenic acids, resin acids, tall oil acids or even of Acids of the type indicated above, the polar Groups such as hydroxyl groups, keto groups, halogen groups, amino groups, are prepared will.

In particular, natural fats and fatty acids derived from them can be used to form the soaps, namely the following:
I. Animal origin: tallow (beef, mutton, goat), etc., lard oil, bone oil, foot oil, wool fat, horse fat oil, etc .;

IT. vegetable oils: castor oil, elephant lice oil (Cashew oil), peanut oil, coconut oil, jojoba seed oil, olive oil, palm oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, Rapeseed oil, ravison oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, etc .;

III. Fisdhöle: Cod oil, cod liver oil (cod liver oil), dolphin oil, herring oil, menhad oil, guinea pig oil, Laoh oil, sardine oil, seal oil, shark oil, whale oil, etc .;

iV. hydrogenated residue or distillate fractions eu obtained from any oil in the above list;

V. Special fatty acids that can be used in the formation of the soap are saturated aliphatic «monocarboxylic acids: capric acid, undecylic acid \ Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, Montanic acid, melissic acid, etc .;

Va. Unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, erucic acid, clupanodonic acid, linolenic acid, brassidic acid, elaidic acid, elaeostearic acid, Stearolic acid, etc .;

Vb aliphatic oxycarboxylic acids: dimethyl oxycaprylic acid, Dimethyloxycaproic acid, castoroleic acid, ricinelaidic acid, 12-oxystearic acid, 10, ii-dioxystearic acid, 4-oxypalmitic acid, linusic acid «, Sativic acid, lanoceric acid, dioxybehenic acid, etc. The preferred oxy fatty acids are those in which the hydroxyl group is at least 12 carbon atoms away from the carboxyl group is;

Vc. Kato acids: licanic acid, 12-ketostearic acid, 13-keto-behenic acid, jojoba oil fatty acid, etc .;

VI. mixed acids: acids produced by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, e.g. B. Paraffin arise, Mercaptooleic acid, mercaptostearic acid, amino fatty acids, etc.

Mixtures of fatty substances and derivatives thereof can be used to form soap. An excellent soap for greases can be made from a mixture of hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids and hydrogenated castor oil. When using mixtures of fatty substances to form a soap, the fatty substances, for example, can io ° / vary ₀ of an oxy fatty acid and 90V ₀ hydrogenated fatty oil and / or its fatty acid derivatives to ungefähr90V ₀ oxy fatty acid and 10% hydrogenated fat oil product of approximately. When oxy fatty acids are used in a mixture of fatty substances, the oxy fatty acid is preferably kept in a range of between approximately 50 and 90 percent by weight. The proportions used are determined in part by the type of mineral oils used to form the lubricating greases and the intended use.

The soap can be made by saponifying the above ge iao named fatty substances or their mixtures with metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, etc. or in Presence of various metal compounds or organic bases can be produced.

A. Metals of the periodic table, for example game:

Group I: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium,

Group II: calcium, strontium, barium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, cadmium,
Group III: aluminum, gallium, indium,
Group IV: zirconium, tin, lead,
Group V: bismuth,
Group VI: chromium,
Group VII: Manganese,
ίο Group VIII: iron, cobalt, nickel.

B. Organic bases, such as organic nitrogen

bases, e.g. B. cyclohexylamine, trimethylcyclohexylamine, Ethanolamine, dodecylamine, amylhexylamine, dicydohexylamine, triamylamine, quaternary ammonium bases.

Lubricating greases which contain fatty acid salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. B. sodium, 'lithium, calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium, as well as the aluminum and zinc soaps are also lubricants! Particularly resistant to bleeding and hardening due to aging with the addition of the oxidized products according to the invention. The mineral oil used in making the greases of the invention can have a wide range of viscosities, from about 150 Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 38 ⁰ to 2000 Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 38 ⁰ . The viscosity index of the oil can vary from below zero to about 100, and the average molecular weight can be from about 250 to 600. It can be highly refined and treated with solvents in any known manner. A preferred mineral oil is one having a viscosity between about 300 and 700 SUS at 38 ⁰ , a viscosity index of about 40 to 70 and an average molecular weight of between 350 and 550. Instead of using lubricating oil produced by distillation from petroleum as an oil base, it can fully or partially replaced by synthetic oils and lubricants. As synthetic lubricants, there can be used: polymerized olefins, organic esters, e.g. B. 2-ethylhexyl sebacic acid ester, dioctylphthalic acid ester, trioctyl phosphate, polymeric tetrahydrofuran. Under some lubrication conditions, small amounts of a fatty oil, such as castor oil, salty malt oil, may be admixed with the hydrocarbon oil and / or synthetic oil used in making the greases of the invention.

According to the present invention, the

oxidized aromatic-rich compounds and / or their derivatives to the lubricant at any time be added during or after the cooking process. If other additives are added, • You can also do so at any convenient time before, during, or after the addition of the oxidized aromatic-rich additive and / or the derivatives added to the lubricant will.

Valuable greases can be made using the recipes in the following areas will:

soap

Oxidized products according to
of the invention, e.g. B. oxidized Edeleanu extract,
originating from one
, 60 SUS at 99 ° C petroleum distillate

! Polyalkylene glycol and or
its derivatives

Hydrocarbon oil (viscosity 150 to 2000 (SSU)
at 38 ⁰ C)

General area

5 to 25 ° / o

1-20 ° / o

C) - 15%

54-94 ° / °

Preferred, area

7 to 14%

4-IO

0.01 - 0.1%

Components

Hydrogenated fish oleic acids

Hydrogenated castor oil

Polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 600

Sodium hydroxide (dissolved in 2 kg water egg)

Oxidized Edeleanu extract, derived from a 60 SUS at 90 ° C petroleum distillate

Mineral lubricating oil 600 SUS at 38 C.. .

1.0

0.045 x 1.12

5.0 86.3

75.9-88.990 / 0

Lubricating greases according to the invention can be prepared using, for example, the following compounds getting produced:

kg / 100 kg of grease

The acids and glycerides are melted with about twice the weight of oil at about 80 °, and an alkaline solution is added. The precipitated soap is stirred vigorously to form a pulp and heated to drive off the water. During the heating and stirring, a small amount of a polymeric silicone, e.g. B. a polymeric dimethyl silicone may be added. The heating is continued with vigorous stirring until a temperature of approximately 170 ^{0 is} reached. Then hot (121 °) oil, which contains oxidized noble anu extract, is slowly mixed into the oil-soap pulp, and the whole mixture is heated in a gelatinized state until the soap-oil mixture is obtained. If the noble anu extract is not oxidized prior to its addition to the soap-oil mixture, the entire mixture should be exposed to the atmosphere so that the noble anu extract can be oxidized during the formation of the lubricant. The polyethylene glycol is usually added to the soap-oil mixture during the addition of the hot oil. The final mixture is heated to a temperature below about 210 °, preferably 182 ⁰ and then filled into a suitable container for subsequent treatment in the heat.

In the difference in effect when using oxidized noble anu extract and non-oxidized To show the age hardening of lubricating greases noble anu extract became the following Attempt made, the results of which are shown in the following table and shown in the diagram are. A sample of sodium soap grease as described above was in a open kettle so that the Edeleanu extract could be oxidized, and the other sample a sodium soap grease made from the same materials was placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen produced so that oxidation of the Edeleanu extract was prevented. In both cases excellent mechanical stability was observed.

Age hardening of a grease
based on sodium

composition

A. Sodium-based grease,
containing 5% oxidized
Edeleanu extract, derived
from a distillate with 60 S SU
at 99 °

B. Sodium-based grease,
containing 5% non-oxidized Edeleanu extract, derived from a distillate
with 60 SSU at 99 °

ASTM
penetration

352

295

Change in penetration

after
8 weeks

19th

40

Lubricating greases according to the invention can be continuous or in any other known manner produced discontinuously and cooled either slowly or quickly, according to the kind of soap used for making grease. So can if sodium or Greases containing alkaline earth soap are produced, these are slowly cooled in the kettle, while when lithium or aluminum soap greases are made according to the invention preferably evenly and quickly in either small diameter pipes or by applying the hot grease in thin layers to a steel belt and Treat the grease with a stream of air or other cooling medium to make it more uniform Cooling of the grease can be cooled without • shear stresses.

Particularly desirable stabilizers used with lubricating greases of the invention are the alkylene glycol and / or alkylene thioglycol polymers and their monoester and ether derivatives. The alkylene glycol polymers can be represented by the following general structural formula will:

HO (C _n H _2n -OC _7n H ₂ J ₀ -OH (I)
in which m and η and ο are integers. Preferably, the polymeric alkylene glycols represented by the above general formula should be such that the factor ο multiplied by the number of carbon atoms in the brackets is at least 6.

The polymeric alkylene glycols can be prepared by polymerizing ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, n-butylene oxides and / or their mixtures in the presence of a catalyst, such as. B. iodine or Hydriodic acid. Such polymers can also be converted into a monovalent Alcohol can be produced with an alkylene oxide. So a suitable product can · 75 by reacting n-butanol with propylene oxide at temperatures between about 100 and iio ° can be obtained under pressure and in the presence of an alkali catalyst.

The polymerized higher polyalkylene glycols having between 2 and 6 carbon atoms in the Alkylene groups are particularly effective as additives according to the invention, and are preferred Polyethylene and polypropylene glycols. The average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycols can from about 200 to about 7,000 and the preferred molecular weight is within the range from about 1000 to 6000.

It should be stated that the higher polyalkylene glycols are made from mixtures of several polymers exist, e.g. B. consists of a polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400 various glycols, from a small amount of monoethylene glycol up to Penteadecaethylene glycol. As a result, it is the average molecular weight that is here in the description is meant and to which the information relating to the polyalkylene glycols or polyethylene glycols relate; the higher glycols have an average molecular weight above 200 and preferably above 400; those with an average molecular weight of between 1000 and 1500 are very effective in practicing the present invention.

The ester and ether derivatives can be used in place of the polyalkylene glycols. the Esters can be selected from a number of acids having between 1 and about 22 carbon atoms and preferably between about 10 and 18 carbon atoms be generated. The acids that can be used are aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic Carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and the like fatty acids, and especially the higher fatty acids are preferred e.g. B. the following acids: lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, Arachidic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, oxystearic acid, phenylacetic acid or phenylstearic acid. Other acids can also be used to form the esters, such as naphthenic acid, oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids, tall oil fatty acids, aromatic acids, e.g. B. salicylic acid and Phthalic acid. Particular examples of esters of this type are polyethylene glycol monostearate and polyethylene glycol monooleate.

Ether derivatives of polyalkylene glycols can be 1 * 5 be made in the usual way; the aroma

Table ethers of polyalkylene glycols have the general formula:

HO (CnH _2n -O-CmH _21n -O) ₂ Ar-R '; (Π)

in which Ar is an aromatic radical with an alkyl radical linked to it, represented by R ',

ίο which has from ι to about 8 carbon atoms, and in which Y is a fatty acid radical, while n, m and α are integers as in (I) and q is ο or ι.

Thioalkylene glycol polymers can be represented by the following general formula:

- (O —R) _m - (SR) _n —I— (III)

in which m, n ' and r are integers and R is an organic radical, preferably a hydrocarbon radical. These substances can be obtained by reacting an alkylene glycol or an alkylene oxide with an alkylene sulfide, e.g. B. Äthlen-, propylene, amylensulftd, thioglycol or mercaptans are produced.

The average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol derivatives can be below 400 and up to about 7000, with derivatives having an average molecular weight of between 700 and approximately 7000 are preferred.

The amount of polyalkylene glycol derivatives or other useful bleeding preventive agents Medium depends on the soap concentration and, in part, on the type of oil used. In general Good effects are obtained with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to about 5% and preferably within the range of between about 0.05 and about 0.25 weight percent.

The following example serves to further illustrate the invention.

In an open vessel for Scbmierfettherstellung be about 3.7 parts hydrogenated Fisdhölfettsäuren and 3.7 parts of hydrogenated castor oil fatty acids, 1 part of lithium hydroxide and about 10 parts of paraffin oil having 100 SUS mixed together at 38 ° and heated with stirring to a temperature of about 193-205 ⁰ . About 35 to 40 parts of paraffin oil with 100 SUS at 38 °, 30 parts of Coastal Pale oil of 2000 SUS at 38 ° and about 5 to 15 parts of an oxidized noble anu extract from a distillate of 60 SUS at 99 ° are added very slowly to this mixture, and the temperature of the mixture is maintained at about 193 to 196 ^degrees Celsius. When a homogeneous mass was formed, approximately 0.01 part of polyethylene glycol was added to the grease. The hot liquid mass was poured into shallow pans with a layer thickness of less than 2.5 cm and exposed to a stream of cooling air, so that the grease was cooled down to around 65 ° in less than 30 minutes. The chilled grease was ground to form an improved non-bleeding lithium soap grease.

The procedure for preparing the above grease was carried out omitting the oxidized one Edeleanu extract repeated.

This lithium-soap-grease was made to bleed according to the regulations of the Army-Navy-Aeronautical Specification for gresses AN-G-25 of April 10, 1946. The oxidized ones The sample containing noble anu extract showed no tendency to mute, while the sample from which the oxidized Edeleanu extract was omitted, showed a noticeable tendency to bleed.

During cooking, the above lithium grease may contain small amounts of soaps or salts, generally in amounts less / ₀ to achieve additional effects are trains added as 2 °. For example, in a lithium soap grease as described above, a small amount of aluminum or sodium soap or alkali and alkaline earth naphthenates, acetates, etc. can be added.

Small amounts of antioxidants can be added to the lubricating greases of the invention, such as n-butyl-p-phenyldiamine, α- or / J-naphthylamine, phenyl-a- or / 3-naphthylamine, a, et, ß, ß, or ot, / 3-dinaphthylamine, diphenylamine, tetramethyldiaminodiphenylmethane, petroleum alkylphenols and 2,4-di-tert-buty] -6-methylphenol.

Corrosion protection agents which are particularly applicable to lubricating greases according to the invention, are N-primary amines with at least 6 to more than 18 carbon atoms in the molecule, such as Hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, heterocyclic, nitrogen containing organic compounds such as alkyl-substituted oxazolines and oxazoline salts of fatty acids.

The lubricating grease according to the invention can also be added agents that improve Give utility at high pressures. The preferred agents for this include phosphoric acid esters, such as triaryl, alkyloxy, aryl or aralkyl phosphates, thiophosphates or phosphites, neutral aromatic sulfur compounds such as diaryl sulfides and polysulfides, e.g. B. Diphenyl sulfide, Dicresol sulfide, dibenzyl sulfide, methylbutyldiphenol sulfide, Diphenyl selenide and diselenide, dicresol selenide, and polyselenide, sulfurized fatty oils or esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols, e.g. B. Walratöl, Jojobaöl, in which the sulfur is tightly bound; sulfurized long chain olefins obtained by dehydrogenation or cleavage of paraffin, sulphurized and phosphorized fatty oils, acids, esters and ketones, phosphoric acid esters with sulfurized organic radicals, such as esters of phosphorous acid or phosphoric acid with sulfurized oxy fatty acids, also chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated ones Paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, mineral lubricating oils, or chlorinated esters of fatty acids, which contain the chlorine in positions other than the α-position. *

Claims (3)

Additional components that act as anti-wear Agents that can be added are oil-soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, z. B. urethanes, allophanates, carbazides, carbazones, 5 or rubber, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl esters, Viscosity index improvers such as polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of above about 800, voltolized paraffin, polymerized unsaturated esters of fatty acids and ίο monohydric alcohols, increasing the lubricity Agents such as stearic acid and oleic acid, and agents for depressing the freezing point, such as B. chlorinated naphthalene, for the purpose of further lowering the solidification point of the grease. The amount of the above additives of the invention are the greases according added is approximately from about 0.01 ⁰ Z ₀ to less than 10 weight percent, preferably 0.1 ίο to 5.0 percent by weight. The greases according to the invention can be used in general for automobiles; they are excellent aircraft lubricating greases and can also be used in other a5 grease can be used. P Λ T E NTANSP R t ■ C. H E: ι. Greases comprising a mineral and / or synthetic oil, a small amount of soap and about 1 to 2o ° / _0, preferably about 4 to 10%, an oxidized aromatic-rich petroleum fraction, particularly an oxidized selectively extract and / or a> us such an aromatic-rich mineral oil fractions recoverable oxidized nitrogen-containing and / or sulfur-containing fractions. 2. Lubricating greases according to claim 1, characterized by a content of alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum and / or zinc soap, preferably in amounts of about 5 to about 25 ⁰ I ₀ , based on the total grease. 3. Lubricating greases according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized by a content of less than ι ⁰ I ₀ , based on the total lubricating grease, of alkylene glycol and / or alkylene thioglycol polymers with an average molecular weight between 200 and 7000, especially between 400 and 7000, and / or their esters or ethers, especially the monoesters and monoethers. 1 sheet of drawings O 3338 2.52