DE7017315U - MOTOR WITH VIBRATING DRIVE ELEMENTS. - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVOCATE

DIPL-ING. LEO FLEUCHAUS

β Munich 7i. S. hai 1970

Melchiorstrasse 42

My reference: M102G-JG6

Motorola, Ine "

9401 West Grand Avenue

Franklin Park ,, Illinois

V.Sfc.A.

Delivered at usual prices.

G «44 (Ä.69) Deut · * ·» Patent Office, GebraudisiMisferatelle

«Sit

The invention relates to a motor with "at a certain operating frequency vibrating drive elements ^ wherein the first drive element ait a certain first deflection goes back and forth.

It is well known reciprocating piston mechanieai en with the help of rotating drive elements * e.g. with a Induction motor ,; head for. With one such drive system it is necessary to convert the rotary motion of the motor into a reciprocating motion with the help of a suitable transmission mechanism to convert which several rubbing on each other Has sliding surfaces. In order to overcome the resulting friction, such Kotore must accordingly be dimensioned larger. For a wide variety of uses

/ Fe cases wi

7O1731529.io.7P

cases such drive systems constructed s too complicated and therefore also expensive verhältnlsxaässig. , Needed in a particular application area and that in the construction of cooling devices, .werden such motors for compressors that are to be constructed very simply and cost and, moreover, have only a small electrical energy requirement during operation, so that such cooling means and from DC batteries by means of inverters can be operated if this is practically no longer the case when using induction motors because of the high energy requirements.

It is already known _t instead of an induction motor for driving a compressor using an electromagnet, the armature of which is directly connected to the compressor piston. The electromagnet is angesteu with a Wechselstrojüsignal ^ ^·: crt and has a spring-suspended anchor. The back and forth movement of the armature due to the alternating current control is therefore directly surpassed by the back and forth movement. Compressor piston shift used. A drive system of this type has a very significant disadvantage in that the armature is always displaced over the entire piston stroke and must also have a relatively large mass so that sufficient power is transmitted to the piston. Due to the large mass of the armature, there is also a relatively large air gap, so that a magnetic piston motor constructed in this way is relatively uneconomical.

Another well-known motor with a reciprocating drive system consists of a coil placed in the air gap of a permanent magnet and an alternating current signal is traversed. The spool is bolted directly to the reciprocating piston of the compressor

- 2 - connected

701731529.10.7Π

Spring suspension provided. It is also possible to add a further .Feder with the coil z> u vex-u, which onx-uud its Pe

connected. In order to center the coil within the air gap of the permanent magnets or to hold it freely movable, is one

constant ensures that the resonance frequency of the oscillation carried out by the I coil matches the frequency of the applied alternating current signal. This improves the efficiency of the engine. Such a drive system is used, for example, in dynamic loudspeakers. Since the air gap in which the coil moves must be relatively large, and since the deflection of the coil is just as large as the deflection of a piston attached to it, the efficiency of such a motor is relatively low. A motor constructed in this way is also relatively heavy and expensive because of its large magnet required.

The invention is based on the object of creating a motor with a drive element that oscillates at a certain operating frequency, a piston that moves back and forth with a relatively large deflection being controlled by a drive that requires only a small deflection.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a second vibrating drive element goes up and down with a certain second deflection, the second deflection Is greater than the first deflection, and that a resilient coupling element integrates the first and second drive element coupled oscillation system whose resonance frequency coincides with the operating frequency, so that the deflection of the second drive element via the coupling element to a multiple of the deflection of the first drive element is enlarged.

- 5 - Others

701731529.10.70

Further features of the invention are the subject of sub-tests.

In a particularly advantageous \, e * ^r is the Erfindmg at a Hagne ^ piston engine can bsw. realize a piezo piston motor, in which the first drive element consists either of the armature of an electromagnet controlled by a shell current or of an alternating current controlled piezoelectric double crystal. In each of the special applications, the drive element vibrates with a limited amplitude, for example. Deflection back and forth, whereas the resilient coupled second drive element in the form of a piston has a reciprocating movement with an amplitude that is many times greater than that. Deflection executes. With the motor according to the invention, a very high level of economy can be achieved due to the fact that in the electromagnetic system only a very narrow air gap is required between the armature and the core of the electromagnet. When using a piezoelectric system, the favorable efficiency of such systems can be fully exploited «

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following Description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the claims and the drawing. Show it:

Is aont * ert: FIG. 1 is a plan view of the cot Mo casing _t in which a motor according to the invent \ ag?

Pig. Figure 2 is a section along line 2-2 of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section along line 3-3 of Figure 1;

- 4 - Fig. 4

7017 3 'i 5 / 9.10.7Γ-

Fig. 4 is a sectional side view of a further embodiment the invention;

Fig. 5 Sins gs cut bus Teilensicfet a "Eiteren embodiment s of the invention;

6 is a sectional side view of a further embodiment of the invention, which represents a modification of the motor type according to FIG.

In the individual figures of the drawing, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols *

1 to 3 is a magnetic piston motor according to the invention shown as it is preferably used as a compressor motor Is used. The motor is mounted in a cylindrical housing 13 which has a cover at its upper end 10 is locked. A suction pipe 11 is connected to the housing, Via which a working gas is supplied to the compressor, which after compression by the motor via an in the housing mounted discharge tube 12 exits. The housing 13 is gas-tight, and accordingly are those guided through the cover Suction and outlet pipes 11 and 12 passed through sealing rings which prevent the gas from leaking out of the housing 13.

The supercharged engine according to the invention is further arranged in a second inner housing 16 that _t on the lower and upper ends by a respective pair of resilient Däinpfungsfedern and is mounted 18, 19 and 20th These damping springs allow the inner housing 36 to float in the outer housing and to transmit vibrations from the motor to the outer housing 13. As shown in Fig.l and

5 - recognizable

701731529.10.70

recognizable, the motor is driven electromagnetically and "oe-: -» ■ ·· * /, a lemellierten Ε-core, which is attached at the upper end in the housing '.'. -λ in such a way that the outer legs dee K- Irnes with ή the inner housing 16 are attached to the upper end ο The individual disks of the laminated core 22 were held together with rivets 21. A laminated core is used to reduce the power loss, ie to keep the generation of heat as low as possible To drive the motor, a winding 23 is arranged on the inner leg 32 of the core, to which an alternating current signal is applied via the lines 24 and 25, which are connected to the connecting pins 2 and 28 running through the ring seal 15. The Terminal pins 27 and 28 can be connected to a suitable alternating current source, not shown, which in the present example supplies a voltage of 120 volts at 60 Hz tor with the help of a battery via an inverter.

The outer legs 30 and 31 of the E-core 22 are longer than the inner leg 32, which calibrates the working air gap practically on the air space between the inner leg and the armature 35 and the air gap between the armature and the two outer legs have no influence on the operating function. The anchor 35, which is also laminated lies below the middle leg 32 and extends over the entire width between the two outer legs 30 and 31. This ensures a closed magnetic flux for the operation of the electromagnet. The anchor 35 is furthermore, the center area is provided with and has an attachment 36 thereby the shape of a T. The approach 36 is inside Housing 16 of two relatively stiff leaf springs 38 and 39 held, the in öinom certain α Aö-rbar.d from each other

- 6 - arranged

7017315 z9.io.7P

and attached to the inner housing 16 by screws 40 and 41. These leaf springs 38 and 39 are attached to the base 36 with the aid of two spacer washers 43 and 44 which, in their position, are attached to the base. 36 opened clamping notches 46 are fixed. The leaf springs 38 and 39 have a grain! A spring constant of approximately 67.5 kp for a deflection of the armature 35 of approximately 1 mm. In the relaxed position, the armature 35 is held in a position approximately in the cement between the two positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 by the leaf springs. The free resonance frequency of the drive mechanism including the leaf springs 38 and 39 is approximately 250 Hz.

This drive mechanism for the armature is connected on one side to a helical spring 50 which is held in place in a bore of the ^{extension 36 with the aid of a 1} "screw 51. The other end of the helical spring 50 is held in a stud of the piston connecting piece 53 likewise held in place with a grub screw 56. The piston connecting piece 53 is in turn soldered or welded to a hollow piston 5 * which is held displaceably in a cylinder 55 formed from part of the inner housing 16.

The spring properties of the helical spring 50 slxtt : art selected that they, together with the mass * · * «■ / j-oenverbindungsstückes 53 and the piston 54, form a resonance system which has a resonance frequency at 120 Hz. Since the armature 35 is attracted and repelled by the electromagnet when an alternating current signal is applied to the coil 23 at a frequency of 120 Hz, the movement imposed on the armature 35 by the electromagnet causes the spring 50 and the piston 5 * to move with one another Frequency of 120 Hz to move back and forth. Since the resonance frequency of the system with the spring 50 carefully

- 7 - on

701731529.10.70

is adapted to the frequency at which the armature 35 is driven ρ there is a mechanical impedance matching between the armature 35 and the piston 5 ^ »which causes an increase in the oscillation amplitude of the armature 35 in such a way that the driven piston y ± with a oscillates in the ratio of a much larger oscillation amplitude. For example, it is possible to control the piston 54 in such a way that it has a deflection that is approximately 12 times greater than that of the armature 35.

The leaf springs 38 and 39 serve a multitude of functions in the motor according to FIGS. 2 and 3. They first provide mechanical support and alignment of the entire moving system as previously described. Furthermore, the leaf springs 38 and 39 store the asymmetrical mechanical energy, many marriage from the Ankor 35, and put this into a sjechonic and symmetrical sinusoidal driving force for the ochviing3ystom from the helical spring and the piston connecting piece aovie your piston 53 or 5 ^ around Providing a stiff drive source for the coil spring 50 coupling the resonance frequency v. 'Is prevented by the leaf springs 38 and 39 that the d & 3 system is influenced by a 90 ° phase shift, v / elcho exists between the two mechanical halves of a system moving under dynamic conditions .

The hollow piston 5 ^ is within the cylinder 55 in a for compressors of refrigeration units moved back and forth conventionally. In Pig. 2 the cylinder is in its lowest position shown, in which a suction valve 57 at the lower end of the Piston 5 ^ closed and an outlet valve 58 at the lower end of the cylinder 55 is open. At the bottom the inner case a pressure chamber 59 is provided which is attached to the inner housing 16 using suitable fasteners, see B »with bolt

- 3 - screws

7Ο17315 ^ 9.1Ο.7Γ

screws 60 is attached. The compressed gas is from the Cylinder 55 through the open exhaust valve 58 into the pressure chamber 59 displaced and finally over the Auelass pipe 12 discharged. In order to get the pressure you want, the boss sits Exhaust valve 5-9 a relatively stiff valve spring 62. against whose force the valve must be pushed open. These With regard to their properties, the spring is corresponding to the ge ^ desired pressure selected. The structural design of the compression kaatsier 59 as well as the piston 54 and the cylinder 55 can in a conventional manner as in compressors for cooling devices to be carried out "

The compressor via the suction pipe 11 aas zugefübrte gas enters through an opening 65 in the upper _t directly over the core 22 and the Wicki ¹ HIg 23 lying part of the housing 16 in the ixineren sas = a ,. This gas flows past your core of the electromagnet and the winding and causes these parts to cool. From FIG. 5 it can be seen that the gas passes between the winding 2J and the outer boundaries of the inner housing 16 on both sides of the coil. The leaf springs 38 and 39 are provided with openings 66 through which the gas can flow and thus enter a larger part of the inner housing in which the resonance helical spring 50 is accommodated. From this housing part, the gas then penetrates the piston 54 from above and flows during the surüeklaufenden stroke of the piston, as shown in Fig. 3, through the open suction valve 57 into a cavity which is also the lower part of the solenoid 5 ^ and the now closed outlet valve 58 3ich forms.

As can be seen from Fig. 3, there is an intake port 6? in the wall of the inner housing 16, which the Interior of the housing 16 eI'c deic the interior of the housing 13

connects

connects. A line filter 69t 4 * 8 can also be provided with an absorbent part which is soaked in a lubricant on the end of the suction connection running into the space ζ as well as the two housings. In this way, through Cl SH AnS £ US £ t; U.1iS2Ii ^^ cm & mnn-ntr +. & N T.iif · *: while a small amount of the lubricant is taken into the interior of the housing 16, which is important for the Lubrication of the piston 54 is sufficient. Providing such an intake for the lubricant in a compressor motor is common, the lubricant can be taken from a reservoir, which is located in the Hauta Syrian housing 13 and housing 16 and is arranged at the bottom of this housing.

In Pig. 2 the piston 54 and the armature 35 are each shown in the lowest position, whereas in FIG. 3 the piston 54 and the armature 35 are generally shown in the uppermost position, so that the different relative deflections of the two can easily be seen from a comparative analysis is. It should be noted, however, that in practical operation there is a 90 ° phase shift between the deflection of these two parts, so that at no time during the dynamic operation of the arrangement the armature 35 and the piston yv assume the uppermost and lowermost extreme position at the same time.

In Fig. 4, a further embodiment of an electromagnetically driven compressor motor is shown, which corresponds in principle to the Hotor geaäss FIGS. 1 to 3. The only different structure is the design of the Ankar arrangement used. It is therefore essentially only this that is described _o

^ 10 - The

701731529.10.70

The armature of the magnetic piston motor, as shown in FIG. 4, has the shape of a hollow cylinder 70 made of magnetic material and having an upper part 71 , the inner leg 32 of the electromagnet in the other armature 35 according to Fig. 2 -and 3 close »fits. At its end 71 of the hollow cylinder 70, a stiff leaf spring 72 is also held mechanically, which is of the same type as the leaf springs 38 and 39 * The sides of the hollow cylinder 70 run downwards and surround the helical spring 50, which at the lower end with the hollow cylinder 70 is clamped along the lowermost turn, this turn being clamped between the hollow cylinder 70 and a scraped-on clamping piece 75.

The lower end of the hollow cylinder 70 and the clamping piece 73 are supported by the cylinder 55 of the compressor pump with the help of two further rigid leaf springs 74 and 75, which are fixed on the outer side of the cylinder 75 with the help of two spacers 77 and 73 and along their outer circumference by a Absfcandsscheibe 79 arf are kept a certain distance from each other. A clamping ring 80 attached to the assembly holds the entire structure together. Inside, the structure is held by two screw nuts which are screwed onto the cylinder 55 and tension the leaf springs 74 and 75 between the screw nuts and the clamping ring 80. In this way, the three leaf springs 72, 74 and 5 are firmly connected to the inner housing 16 in order to hold and center the hollow cylindrical armature 70. The upper end of the helical spring 50 is then connected to the upper end of the Piston 5 ^ connected, for which a clamping piece 82 is used, which with the piston connecting piece 53 via suitable fastening means _f aB screws or the like.,

Il - connected

connected is. The piston 5 ^ can move freely within the Cylinder 55 move in the same w> V * e, as previously with reference to Fig. 2 -u.:. ■ ·, aa is written.

The structure of the magnetic piston motor according to FIG Possibility to build a much more compact engine., because the helical coil spring 50 on the underside of the hollow cylindrical Armature is attached and around the cylinder and piston assembly extends around while the hollow cylinder 70 surrounds the helical spring 50.

In the two embodiments of the invention described above is the hatred of the anchor and the leaf springs selected in such a way that they are several orders of magnitude larger " Can store mechanical energy than for driving the Resonance pump arrangement from the coil spring 50 and the piston 5A-no-cig is. This ensures that only a minimal Change in the resonance frequency under changing conditions Pressure occurs according to the mode of operation of the compressor motor.

In Fig. 5, a further embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the electromagnet assembly is replaced by a piezoelectric drive system. This piezoelectric drive system consists of a metal plate 90, which is mounted within the inner housing 16 and clamped therewith in a manner similar to that of FIG the previously described embodiments with the help of the leaf springs 38, 39 or 72, 74, 75 has taken place. This metal plate preferably consists of a type of steel with a certain iron-nickel alloy and a low coefficient of linear expansion. The metal plate 90 consists of a circular disk and two nickel-plated piezoelectric ones Ceramic disks 91 and 92 in a two-element structure, the

- 12 - with

are glued to the metal plate. The one ceramic disc 91 is on the top and the other ceramic disk 92 is on the bottom of the metal plate 90 · den piezoelectric ceramic disks are leads 24 and 25 connected in a conventional manner, via which with the help of a AC signal controlled by the two-element structure will.

Openings 93 and 94 are provided both in the metal plate 90 and in the piezoelectric ceramic disks 91 and 92, in which a connecting rod 96 is attached. This connecting rod 96 is in a suitable manner, e.g. Welding or soldering, or by screwing with the Metal plate 90 connected. The other end of the connecting rod 96 is screwed into a spring connecting plate 97, which has a projection 98 with which the spring 50 below Verwx-Mdung a grub screw 99 is attached. The rest Part of the compressor motor shown in Fig. 5 is in the same way as in the embodiment according to the Fig. 2 and 3 and will therefore not be described further.

When attached to the piezoelectric ceramic discs 91 and 92 over lines 24 and 25 a 60 Hz AC voltage in If a suitable phase is applied, the diameter of these disks changes. The disks are selected and assigned to each other in terms of phase that the one disc enlarged in diameter, while the other disk is theirs Diameter reduced when a half-wave of the AC signal is applied. During the other half-wave of the alternating current signals changes the diameter of the respective disc opposite, so that the metal plate is arched in both directions.

With this arching of the metal plate, the center of the plate shifts approximately by 0.7 to 1 mm, so that the

~ 13 - piston

7017315 29.io.7o

KT.bee 5 ^ - accordingly goes back and forth when the pi *>,: ■: »90 connected to this via the helical spring 50 ux. : ix. · a resonance at 60 Hz is designed accordingly * Thiy *. ■ the adaptation d »B Hoan non garataiiia niia de? SehT * anben »spring 50 and the piston 54 - at the 60 Hz frequency, a mechanical impedance matching is effected between the driving piezoelectric ceramic disks and the piston, which results in the already described mechanical multiplication of the deflection in the size · β arrangement of 12: 1 results. The small deflection of the piezoelectric Kn amik disks is thus transformed into a correspondingly large deflection which is sufficient to drive a compressor motor, for example for cooling systems.

In Fig. 6 a further embodiment of the invention is shown in which a piezoelectric drive system is used to control two pistons simultaneously in push-pull so that with each half-wave a compression stroke is performed with either one or the other piston. Each of the two halves of the embodiment gemäsa FIG. 6 corresponds essentially to the embodiment according to FIG. 5 "so that accordingly a helical spring 50 between the piezoelectric Two-Elomenten drive and a Kompreasionssystem, as described with reference to FIGS. 2 and Z, Is used. For this reason, a further explanation of the mode of operation of the two halves can be dispensed with, for which the reference symbols are provided with "a" and "b" to distinguish them.

In order to modify the motor according to FIG. 5 in such a way that the motor according to FIG. 6 arises, only a further connecting rod 96b has to be provided, which extends from the center of the metal plate 90 from opposite to the connecting rod 96a. The resonance frequency for the two oscillation systems from the Coil spring 50 and the piston is the same and corresponds

7O1731529.io.7P

the frequency at which the metal plate and the piezoelectric Ceramic disks swing. The suction pipes of the two Halves are brought together in a T-piece 100, dme an öiüö ÄüoäLügleituug 101 sugveCulvSsss is * E & tspffediead ve ^ dfts The outlet pipes of each half are also connected in a T-piece 103 which is connected to the outlet pipe 104. the Corresponds to the mode of operation of the two halves of the piezo piston motor that of the embodiment according to FIG. 5, however, work the two halves with a phase shift of 180 ° to each other.

The Kotore described above use a coupling system based on the resonance exaggeration to convert the slight deflection of a drive mechanism, e.g. the piezoelectric drive with the help of two-element discs or the electromagnetic drive via a Yunnan air gap into a relatively long piston nVib of the compressor piston . With the Hagnet-Kolbemsi-tor with the electromagnetic system, the use of the very small air gap results in a very good efficiency factor, so that only a very low input power is required. In the case of the piezo piston motor, too, the input power is low enough to be controlled by a direct current source via an inverter, so that such a piezo motor is particularly suitable for portable units. The BIm ; + *. ..era, which are used in the Hagnet piston engine for alignment * - '-rd mounting of the armature arrangement, can have a non-linear characteristic for better adaptation of the force-distance curve of the electromagnet.

Since it is not necessary, large or expensive and heavy Using electromagnets in the motors described can significantly reduce the cost of such motors and also significantly reduce the size dimensions compared to other piston engines while maintaining the same capacity.

- 15 - There

As in this engine only between the piston and the cylinder If friction occurs, it is also possible to use the piston Piston rings made of polytetrafluoroethylene or a polytetrafluoroethylene coating so that the motor or compressor can be run without lubrication, i.e. dry. This is particularly advantageous for portable units.

Although mentioned above as an application for the compressor motor the use in refrigeration equipment has been specified It goes without saying that the unit described can also be used in many other areas of application, including a motor and compressor result in which relatively inexpensive compressors are needed. Another area of application, for example, is the use of pneumatic control systems, use as liquid pumps and others. It goes without saying that the embodiments described in the preceding examples. specified frequencies according to Uses can be changed at will.

- 16 -

VG i 16 i ό 29.10.7 ^η

Claims (1)

K102G-36o ρ back e Motor ait boi bestisnnter operating frequency oscillating drive elements ^ whereby the orate drive element ait airier bsscisnstsn first deflection goes back and forth _for uadurcb. It is understood that a second oscillating drive mechanism (5 * 0 with a certain κ vjQ it en external 3, Qziloing back and forth, with the second Aüslenirar.fc greater than the first deflection, and that a resilient coupling element (50) is the first veröt and second An.triebseleiaen ^'1 "au a coupled Scluiingungsaystem connects whose Resonansfröquenz it the operating frequency coincides ,, so that the deflection of the aweiten Antriobsfi3.önients via the coupling element to a multiple of the deflection dea Eisten drive is esseats (35 _t 36) will. 2. Motor according to claim l _r characterized marked chn β t _t that the resilient coupling el esnent is a helical spring (50). 5 " ⁷ Iotor according to claim 1, characterized in that οί?. £ ΐε the iweit'j Autri &bsslGJseuA; in front of. A piston. (54) 7017315yg.io.7n is formed, which is displaceable in a cylinder (55) is held " c engine after. _T to claim 3 characterized in that the formed hollow piston (54) is part of a compressor pump and in its interior a Anaaugventil (57) _f comprises a discharge valve (58) on the cylinder (55) together acted 5 engine according to one or more of claims 1 bla 4, characterized in that the first drive element (96) has a further resilient coupling element (50b) with a third drive element (5 ^ b) a coupled SchKingungssyst ^ js is connected, whose The resonance frequency coincides with the operating firequeaz, so that the deflection of the third drive element, which is increased by the transfer of energy by means of the coupling element, is equal to the deflection of the second drive element at the operating frequency. 6. Motor according to claim 5 "characterized geke ν <ir β α ~ -net that the second and third drive elements * t jxä corresponding to the two resilient couplings ¹ " ~ * vr-e are arranged on opposite sides of the first i ^ "drive element . 7 engine according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first drive element consists of a piezoelectric Schwinganord- tion exists (90, 91, 92), the resonance frequency of which is at the operating frequency. 8. Motor according to claim 7, characterized in that, that the piezoelectric oscillating arrangement a comprises flexible plate (90). at which piezoelectric Double crystals attached, which are laid out in such a way that that when an alternating current signal is applied, the center the plate can be deflected with an amplitude that corresponds to the first deflection, Motor according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first drive element consists of an electromagnet, the winding of which is acted upon by an alternating current signal, and which comprises an armature (35) which is resilient, preferably with the aid of leaf springs (38 , 39) »is held adjacent to the core of the electromagnet in such a way that the armature oscillates at the operating frequency and that the armature is connected to the resilient coupling element.