DE4404477A1 - Combined ventilating, heating and cooling of building - Google Patents

Abstract

The actual value of the room climate eg. the temp. and/or the humidity are determined and compared with desired values. From this comparison a rpm control or power control of the ventilating fans (V1, V2) results for the fresh air and/or exhaust air. The control depending on the desired/actual value comparison, is superimposed by an additional regulation depending on the temp. or function. This additional regulation is stepless. The stepless regulation prepares respectively different rated voltages, for at least one of the ventilating fans, depending on temp. and/or the humidity.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for combined ventilation, heating and cooling of buildings in which exhaust air is extracted from the rooms of the building, fresh air from sucked in outside the building and both air flows for the purpose of heat exchange via one Cross heat exchangers are performed, with actual values of the room climate (such as Temperature and humidity) are recorded and compared with setpoints.

The present invention also relates to a device for combined ventilation, Heating and cooling of buildings, with at least one fan for fresh air and one for Exhaust air, a duct system for the air flows, a cross heat exchanger, an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor which are in heat exchange with the air flows stand, and with a control system for the performance of the fans, which at least contains a room temperature sensor.

Such methods and devices are basically from conventional air conditioning systems known. Furthermore, from German Patent No. 39 10 988, which on the same Applicant goes back, a method and an apparatus for controlling heat pumps known to which the present application uses. DE-39 10 988 is inso widely included in the present description.  

Air conditioners are basically designed to maintain a certain temperature in the rooms maintaining a building and extracting air from the room in question and to be replaced by approx. 50-100% fresh air, which in a certain, predetermined Temperature range. The temperature is recorded in one or more rooms and compared with corresponding target values, depending on this comparison the fresh air is heated or cooled to correspondingly increase the room temperature change and adapt to the desired setpoint or to adjust the room temperature in one to maintain the predetermined temperature range.

The conventional air conditioning systems require a relatively large amount of energy because they change when the Room temperature and / or the fresh air temperature sometimes show an overreaction, especially when the room temperature is delayed due to the change in temperature the supplied air reacts. Furthermore, the conventional air conditioning system is installed Fan performance rarely or never exhausted. Any cooling units do not work either always at their optimum performance figure if the control of the system only depends from room temperature, especially if there is icing of the evaporator is coming.

Compared to this prior art, the object of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for combined ventilation, heating and cooling with the above to create features mentioned, in which the installed fan performance better is exploited and the system not only in terms of the desired indoor climate, but also with regard to given external conditions, such as outside temperature, Season and current function of the system is optimized.

With regard to the above-mentioned method, the object on which the invention is based becomes solved in that a control of the fans depending on the Setpoint / actual value comparison an additional, temperature and / or function or time dependent Regulation is superimposed. Specifically, this means that, for example, in situations in which based on the measured room temperature and a setpoint / actual value comparison System reacts with a specific control of the fans acting on the ventilation, the fan control is changed due to the additional control, for example, by increasing the fan output if the difference between the outside and Temperature falls below a certain limit or is reduced if the Difference between outside temperatures and room temperatures a predeterminable limit exceeds. As a result, the supply air temperatures are opposite to the outside  or fresh air temperatures.

In this way, both an overreaction of the air conditioning system to the detected Ab deviations in the room temperatures from a setpoint is avoided and on the other hand a otherwise the slower reaction of the plant is accelerated. This affects above all Preventing overreactions from saving energy.

In the context of the present invention, the term "supply air" is used to refer to fresh air supplied from outside, but depending on the control state of the Plant according to the invention can be pre-cooled or heated. In an analogous way, the extracted air from the rooms of the building, which is also already cooled, or, at Circuit as air conditioning, can be warmed in summer, referred to as exhaust air.

In the preferred variant of the invention, the supply air consists of 100% (depending on Weather heated or cooled) fresh air, so should not be any admixture of exhaust air contain what is commonly done to improve the energy balance. From a ventilation point of view, however, this is not sensible, and according to the invention, the Fan power or fan power adapted in a suitable manner so that none too high Energy losses occur, icing of an evaporator is avoided and always sufficient fresh air is supplied.

Furthermore, especially in systems that are used in addition to the conventional cross heat exchanger also contain a cooling unit, which usually consists of a compressor and a Evaporator exists, prevents overcooling and icing of the evaporator by the Fan output depending on the temperature of the fresh or exhaust air supplied is set. Specifically, the fan power in question, which the evaporator air supplies for cooling, either increased or decreased, depending on the temperature has the incoming or outgoing air. For example, the cooling unit can be complete be switched off when the fresh air supplied falls below a limit temperature.

According to the invention, such a refrigeration unit is used for most of the year as Heat set operated by the air flows are directed accordingly, for example, that the exhaust air acts on the evaporator, doing most of that in the exhaust air contained heat energy while the condenser is acted upon by fresh air where this heat is given off to the supply air in addition to the waste heat from a compressor which absorbs more energy than the compressor in question consumes. Also in  In such a situation, the amount of fresh air supplied and, if applicable, the Amount of exhaust air passed through the evaporator at the current temperatures of fresh air and exhaust air, which they have before reaching the evaporator or condenser to prevent the evaporator from icing up. The icing would namely otherwise considerably reduce the heating and ventilation performance of the system.

Further embodiments of the method and the device are in the subclaims spelled out.

In particular, it is provided that the fan output is proportional to the associated temperatures, an optimal standard cubic meter ventilation capacity (Nm³ / h) to reach. For example, this means: At increasingly lower fresh air temperatures the operating cubic meter ventilation output (Bm³ / h) of the fresh air fan continuously lowered. Furthermore, with increasing resistances in the system, for example by Ver dirt on filters, increased accordingly. So the number of per unit time supplied standard cubic meters kept almost constant.

Furthermore, it is provided in the preferred variant of the invention that with adjustable Fresh air temperatures Additional heating in basic and / or control load switched on and off become. This additional heating should, for. B. in the form of a register heater in the supply air flow be provided so that the installation, care and maintenance of a central heating system separate radiators can be omitted.

Furthermore, the control of external heat exchangers for cooling and or heating intended. All controllable components are shown in the figures in a system diagram posed.

Furthermore, it can be useful if the temperature of fresh air and exhaust air in each case is detected behind the heat exchanger to check the effectiveness of the heat exchanger to be able to and, for example, depending on the effectiveness of the heat exchanger can be read from the temperature differences that occur, a filter change display to activate.

However, the filter change indicator can also be due to a predeterminable duration of the Fans, also taking into account the set mileage during the running time.  

It should preferably be possible to visually check the filters in the device during operation his.

With regard to the device mentioned at the outset, the one on which the invention is based Object achieved in that, in addition to a possibly existing temperature sensor for the room temperature at least one additional temperature sensor in the fresh air and / or Exhaust air area is provided, the associated control system having a control unit, which works independently of the control unit which controls on the basis of the Room temperature and which is equipped so that it depends only on the temperature sensor regulates the fan output in the area of fresh and exhaust air.

It goes without saying that this additional control unit is not one of those already provided Regulating unit or control must be separate device, but for example in the form of a pure software control can also be integrated into an existing control system can, it only depends on the independent regulatory effect of this additional physical or logical control unit arrives.

Preferably, a temperature sensor in the entrance area of the fresh air duct and in Exit area of the exhaust air duct arranged.

The additional control unit can have a multi-stage switch or one control, this multi-stage switch should have at least three switching stages to the to switch above-mentioned different voltages for the fan or fans.

Furthermore, the device according to the invention expediently has in the area behind the Plate heat exchanger a supply air connection, for cool ventilation of the bedrooms. These Supply air temperatures are sufficient for most of the year to temper the bedroom men from.

To increase the room temperatures are radiators of a heating system with thermostats or better reheating systems before the supply air outlets of the individual rooms, in the form of Electric and / or hot water heating registers with appropriate room thermostats to be provided in order to be able to heat the room in addition in extreme cold. This is sensible insofar as the system then works overall with less power and can be installed, which overall is considerable over a year Savings result from additional electrical heating for extremely cold days only  a small part can be used up again. But it is preferably a central one Additional heating of the fresh air and / or the supply air via the release contacts for basic and / or control load to provide the sufficient with thermostats in the air ducts Provide heat quantity.

The relevant base unit preferably has a housing with at least one glass surface, preferably on the housing door, so that all essential elements from the outside are good are recognizable and visible and any instruments installed in the housing can also be read can be.

According to the invention, the base unit has connections for horizontal and vertical levels Fresh and exhaust air (outside pipes) and supply and exhaust air (inside pipes). So it can Basic unit with "standing" and / or "lying" connections can be installed. Further the basic unit has glazed doors on opposite sides and is symmetrical with respect to a 180 ° rotation about a vertical axis. The installation of the basic unit can can be adapted to all applications and external conditions through this configuration and with vertically and / or horizontally outgoing line outlets and rotated by 180 ° (Swap left and right connections). As a special feature mentions that to increase the pressure and air output, other fans, also in the form of Supply and exhaust air fans can be attached. The control is also from the Control unit adopted.

On the exhaust side, of course, conventional exhaust devices, such as Example extractor hoods in a kitchen, fans in bathrooms etc. connected be that temporarily support the exhaust air output of the central exhaust fan.

In addition, it goes without saying that conventional control and management systems such as Example thermostats, safety switches, valves etc. are provided. Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the device in which for the control and operation of the System a microprocessor with a corresponding display or screen is provided.

In addition, it is understood that no controls are required for optimal control are. The various parameters are transferred to the electronic one-time input devices Data storage supplied. The functions of the essential operating states are defined by LEDs and / or instruments are displayed.  

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the invention will become clear based on the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a diagram of the base unit and an extension,

Fig. 3 is an electrical schematic of the device according to the invention.

The flow diagram according to FIG. 1 shows a basic unit in the center, which essentially consists of a heat exchanger and possibly further units, which are shown in more detail in FIG. 2. 1 can be seen in the top left in FIG., A control valve S which can flow to the outside air in the illustrated position of the pipe section A, in an adapted flap position but could be flow to also air from the pipe section B, which is in this case could act to outside air also , which may have already been heated or cooled in external heat exchangers. For example, a geothermal heat exchanger or a flue gas heat exchanger could be used, or the suction could take place via an inflow along the outer skin of the building, so that the heat given off by the outer wall of the building benefits the sucked-in air.

Before the outside air enters the basic unit, a section C may be used internal preheater to improve efficiency. The sucked-in outside air then flows as fresh air through the pipe section D and the fan V1 in the basic unit, where an energy exchange with the fan V2 sucked in exhaust air from the opposite pipe section E takes place. The separated Air flows for fresh air and exhaust air guided from one another leave after the desired one Energy exchange the basic unit on the one hand as exhaust air through the pipe section F below on the left of the basic unit or as supply air through pipe sections W or G. the pipe section G provided somewhat cooler supply air, for example for bedrooms, the if necessary, however, still in a heating section H to a desired minimum level can be heated. The supply air supplied through the pipe section W can be in one Cooling register K can be cooled or heated in an additional heating register H then in pipe section L as the final room supply air to the individual rooms of a building fed. All additional heating or cooling registers H, K and C are only optional exist and come depending on the weather conditions and thermal insulation of a building to train. For example, it is generally in the climatically cool north and northwest  Europe does not need to provide a cooling unit K, while one with good Thermal insulation of a building even in the climatically favored southwest Germany can at least do without the heating register H in the pipe section G.

Another option is the extension shown under the basic unit Example can contain a so-called refrigeration unit, which of course then the in Pipe section W shown cooling unit K or makes the cooling register unnecessary.

Additional devices, such as air humidifiers or dehumidifiers, which are also preferably arranged in the individual pipe sections in the pipe sections L, which supply the supply air directly to the individual rooms of the building, are not shown in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 2 the base unit and the expansion are again shown schematically. However, it can be seen that almost all connections, for example connections D and E, are duplicated, which makes it possible to adapt the central unit very flexibly to the given spatial conditions. Further connections D and E and also the other external connections W, W + K and F could be provided offset in front of and behind the connections shown in the drawing plane, so that after a rotation of the overall system about a vertical axis lying in the paper plane by 180 ° gives practically the same picture. The basic unit and also the extension can thus both in the position shown, which is referred to here as "lying" with horizontal pipe outlets, as well as in a mirror-image position, as well as going up or down and also partly horizontally and partly going up or down below connected and assembled. The connections that are not required are closed by a blind flange and can also be used to hold interchangeable sensors. The front and back of the base unit and also the extension preferably consist of a glass plate or door, which provides a view of the inside of the device including the filter mats and, if appropriate, also of the device, control devices, switches, light-emitting diodes and the device contained therein releases contained aggregates.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the fans shown do not necessarily have to be accommodated directly in the base unit or on the base unit, but in principle can be arranged in any desired, preferably easily accessible position in their tube sections D and E shown in FIG. 1.

The central element of the basic unit is a so-called cross-heat exchanger PWT, via which the air flows from the pipe sections E and D are separated from each other, but are conducted in indirect thermal contact with one another, so that the air from pipe section E as exhaust air F and the outside air from pipe section D as Supply air is emitted through pipe section G or W, whereby in winter the warmer exhaust air from pipe section E has heated the outside air or fresh air from section D, while on hot days the cooler exhaust air from pipe section E cools the hot fresh air from D. In this way, excessive energy losses are avoided. The heat exchange can also be supported by an evaporator 1 , a condenser 2 and a compressor 3 . With the help of these three components, which use an electric pump to move a fluid with a low boiling point in the circuit, the energy exchange between exhaust air and fresh air can be increased even further, so that, for example, the supply air discharged through the pipe section W has a higher temperature than that Exhaust air in pipe section E, while the exhaust air in pipe section F has a lower temperature than the supplied fresh air D. With a corresponding control, the temperature inside the building is then kept practically constant. The system can thus be controlled so that the supply air is either slightly or significantly warmer than the exhaust air, for example in the first case only to compensate for radiation and other inevitable heat losses in the building or in the second case one or more rooms quickly to one to heat higher temperature, any intermediate stages of temperature regulation are also possible.

The pipe section G connects to the base unit at a position in which the escaping air has not yet flowed through a condenser and accordingly not has been additionally heated, but has only assumed an average temperature, which corresponds to the heat exchange in the cross heat exchanger PWT.

The extension shown in the lower part of FIG. 2 is a cooling unit in the arrangement shown here, which can be used, for example, in hot areas in summer. Here, too, 1 , 2 and 3 again refer to evaporators, condensers or compressors. If the air flows supplied to the extension were interchanged, this unit would in turn serve as a heat set or heating unit. The exchange of the supplied air streams could also be effected by a switch flap. Likewise, the function of the condenser and evaporator can be reversed by switching the flow of fluid (refrigerant), thus converting a heat set into a cooling unit. The same also applies to the air streams of the basic unit that run along the evaporator, condenser and compressor, but instead, the preferred solution is to supplement the basic unit containing a heat set with the extension mentioned containing a cooling unit.

According to the system is always controlled so that icing of the evaporator can be avoided, that is, if necessary, the air flows from the Pipe sections D and E are regulated so that the evaporator receives enough energy from outside, to avoid icing.

The exhaust air sucked in from the pipe section E does not only include the other Extracted air from living rooms, but also exhaust air from bathrooms or from one Extractor hood exhausted air.

In Fig. 3 you can see the electrical power supply designated L and N, for example from the household network. As you can see, a ventilation emergency switch is provided at the top of the phase line, which can be operated in the event of serious faults.

Various LEDs, not shown, signal and any instruments the operating states when the ventilation switch is switched to continuity and the possible night tariff is released.

The control unit PR detects the fresh air temperature t1, the exhaust air temperature t2 and Supply air temperature t3. Based on the measured temperatures, especially the Fresh air temperature t1 is infinitely variable via element B the base voltage for the Fans regulated to keep energy consumption to a minimum. In addition, in Dependence on the fresh air temperature t1 with potential-free contacts according to the Positions BI, BII and BIII a basic and / or control load additional heating or external Heat exchanger switched.

Depending on the exhaust air temperature, element C regulates the fans in opposite directions to the best heat recovery rate and in consideration of the icing limit for the evaporator. If the exhaust air temperature t2 is inadmissibly low, the compressor is switched off while the fans are switched to maximum output. The same applies if the supply air temperature becomes impermissibly high. The compressor Verd. is switched via element D depending on the fresh air temperature and a room thermal temperature t4. A certain inertia in the reaction of the room thermostat can also be taken into account. Operating indicators are provided for the individual switching states of the switching elements shown in FIG. 3, as well as for the temperature values t1 to t3.

The compressor is regulated in such a way that it always reaches its highest performance figure.

The switches A are controlled by PR and the fresh air temperature t1. The controller B is regulated proportionally by PR and fresh air temperatures. The enable contacts BI to BIII are controlled by PR and the fresh air temperature. The controller C is used by PR and the Exhaust air temperature adjusted with very little change speed.

The switch D consists of a series of function switches, composed of Room air thermostats and fresh air temperature switches, as well as an operating display. Of the Switch E consists of temperature and / or pressure safety switches. The PR monitors three different temperatures. V1 and V2 are the fresh (closed) and AB (continued) air fans.

Claims (14)

1.Procedures for combined ventilation, heating and cooling of buildings, in which exhaust air is extracted from the rooms of the building, fresh air is sucked in from an area outside the building and both air flows are conducted via a cross heat exchanger for the purpose of heat exchange, whereby actual values of the room climate (such as Example, temperature and / or humidity) are detected and compared with setpoints and, depending on this comparison, a speed or power control of the fans (V1, V2) for fresh air and / or exhaust air is characterized in that the control is dependent on the Setpoint / actual value comparison is superimposed on an additional, temperature- or function-dependent control. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional regulation continuously. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the stepless regulation different nominal voltages for at least one of the fans depending on temperature and / or humidity. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each power level a certain range of a measured outside and / or fresh air temperature assigned. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Temperature of the fresh air and / or the exhaust air is detected. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Temperature of an evaporator arranged in one of the air streams is detected, the is connected to a heating / cooling circuit. 7. Device for combined ventilation, heating and cooling, with at least one each Fan (V1, V2) for fresh air and for exhaust air, a duct system for the air flows, a cross heat exchanger, an evaporator, a condenser and compressor, which are in heat exchange with the air flows and with a control system  for the power consumption of the fans (V1, V2), which has at least one Has room temperature sensor, characterized in that the control system has at least one temperature sensor in the fresh air and / or in the exhaust air area, the control system in addition to a room temperature-dependent control unit Has control unit with which the power of at least one of the fans only can be regulated depending on the additionally detected temperature. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a temperature sensor in Outside area of the fresh air and / or the exhaust air is provided. 9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the stepless Regulation also has a multi-stage switch. 10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a Additional heating is arranged in the area of the fresh and / or supply air, which of the Control unit is switched. 11. The device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that in the Fresh air duct control flaps are arranged for heating and / or cooling. 12. The device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that for Cooling is connected to a refrigeration unit. 13. The device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that all Additional devices, for heating and / or cooling, controlled by the control unit and be regulated. 14. Device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that up to 8 fans and / or air ducts can be connected at the same time.