DE3928279A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING DISTURBING PARTICLES, IN PARTICULAR TRASH PARTS, NITS, SHELL NUTS, BOBBES AND THE LIKE, IN TEXTILE FIBER FABRIC, e.g. COTTON, CHEMICAL FIBERS AND THE LIKE. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for detecting disturbing Particles, especially trash parts, nits, shell nits, nubs and the like. the like, in textile fiber, e.g. B. cotton, chemical fiber and. Like., in which the Determination of the degree of contamination (trash content) of the fiber material takes place optically-electronic way, the fiber material from a sensor detected and the measured values are fed to an image processing device and comprises an apparatus for performing the method.

In a known method for cleaning and opening in flakes In the form of the fiber material, the fiber material passes through a feed device and is then subjected to a cleaning process. The pollution degree of the fiber material becomes during the feeding to the cleaning process determined. To carry out the known method, it is provided that that between a feed device and an opener and cleaning device direction a measuring section is provided for the fiber material. The measuring section is a channel-like guide made of a transparent disc and one Conveyor belt that serves to lay the fiber layer in the channel against the disc to press. The distance between the disc and the conveyor belt is 2 to 4 cm. A camera is arranged on the measuring section, which Comparator, a counting device and a computer are connected downstream. The transparent pane is illuminated by a lamp. With this The device is intended to clean the cleaning device feeding fiber material can be improved. That from the cleaning device The emerging fiber material is then a card or card fed. A disadvantage of the known method is that the the flake feed supplied to the cleaner is approx. 2 to 4 cm thick, so that  only the dirt on the surface, but not inside the Flake layer can be determined. Another disadvantage is that from the contamination found on the surface in reflected light only a percentage added up compared to the fibers can be averaged. Finally, that interferes entirely in the spinning process not particularly disturbing particles such as nits, shell nits and nubs can be determined.

The invention is based on the object of a method to create the type described above that the disadvantages mentioned avoids that in particular the disturbing particles inside the Fiber layer is able to grasp and that the determination and differentiated Evaluation of trash parts, nits, shell nits, nubs and the like Like. Allows.

This problem is solved by the characteristic features of claim 1.

By using a thin, light-transparent fiber pile (e.g. 5 g / m ² ), the disruptive particles are determined both on the surface and inside the fiber structure. According to the invention, the sensor gradually detects each disruptive individual particle (for example up to approximately 0.1 mm). Detected as a sensor z. B. a camera a certain measuring range of the pile and forms the image corresponding electrical pulses that are fed to an electronic evaluation device. In the evaluation device, specific parameters, for. B. determined on the basis of a gray value analysis (identification as interfering particles). Based on these parameters, each individual particle is compared, e.g. B. th with predetermined, stored characteristics, in particular classified by type, shape and size. The individual particles are then counted so that, for example, a type classification (number of particles per type) or size classification (number of particles of a certain size) is made possible. With the method according to the invention, the disruptive particles are also advantageously detected in the interior of the fiber layer and thus in the entire fiber layer, in addition to trash particles, disruptive nits, shell nits and nubs are also detected, and finally all disruptive particles are determined according to certain criteria such as e.g. B. Type, shape and size classified.

The thin fibrous web and the sensor are expedient relative to one another emotional. The sensor preferably moves a programmable step by step ren measuring range. The sensor preferably detects a part of the disturbing Particles in transmitted light. The sensor advantageously detects part of the interference particles in reflected light. The shell nits are expedient in the through light detected, with determination of at least two different shades of gray fen can be evaluated. The shell nits are preferably through Comparison of the measurement results in transmitted light and reflected light.

The invention also includes an advantageous detection device of disruptive particles, especially trash parts, nits, shell nits, Pimples u. Like. in textile fiber material, for. B. cotton, man-made fibers and. the like, to carry out the method in which a measuring section for the fiber material is provided, a sensor for determining the Degree of pollution is arranged and the one camera, for. B. a diode line camera, an electronic evaluation device (image processing unit), a classifying device, a counting device and a computer having. The sensor and a lighting device are expedient arranged on the same side of the batt. Preferably the Sen sor and the lighting device on different sides of the fiber arranged. A switching device for switching is preferred provided between the lighting devices. Beneficially includes the evaluation device a comparison device for the electrical Impulses for transmitted light and incident light determination. Expediently includes the evaluation device has a gray value comparator. Preferably includes the evaluation device has a gray value filter. Preferably, the Evaluation device the shape (shape) of the individual particles. With advantage the evaluation device determines the size of the individual particles. Appropriately the evaluation device determines the brightness of the individual particles. Preferential the classifier includes a memory. Preferably includes the device a monitor. Advantageously, the carrier for the fiber  Flor assigned a two-axis control. The carrier is expedient visible, e.g. B. made of glass or the like. Preferably, the carrier has a convex curved surface. The carrier is preferably a roller with a penetration tiger or translucent surface. The sensor is an advantage the lighting device at the entrance and / or exit of a fiber flor educational institution, e.g. B. a card. Appropriately the sensor is able to detect the fiber web on a roller. The number and / or quantity of the interfering particles are preferably greater than that The width of the roller can be determined. This allows the interfering particles to z. B. defective clothing section. A plurality is preferred connected to the evaluation device by sensors. It is an advantage the computer via a control unit and control lines for regulation the degree of cleaning with the drive for an actuator, z. B. for a a scraper blade or guide element assigned to a clothing roller on one Card or the like connected. Control elements can also drive elements for take-off rolls and / or feed rolls and / or clothing rolls. The computer is expediently equipped with a quality recording device, e.g. B. a card information system (KIT) in connection. Preferably is the computer with the control device of the fiber-forming machine, e.g. B. card, connected, if predetermined limit values are exceeded for the interfering particles, e.g. B. are stored in a memory Pre-warning and / or shutdown device of the machine can be actuated.

Nubs are fiber knots larger than approx. 1 mm, nits are fiber knots less than approx. 1 mm. Trash particles are e.g. B. leaf and shell remains. Bowls Nissen are fragments of seed husks that have grown fibers. A special class (subclass) are elongated trash parts (bark, grass) which have a large ratio of length to width, e.g. B. Stalk remains.

The invention is described below with reference to drawings guidance examples explained in more detail.  It shows

Fig. 1 shows a device for carrying out the inventive method it with stationary Variegated Lichem sample carrier,

Fig. 2 shows the device according to the invention in a carding machine with control means,

Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the gray values comparator, counting means and calculator,

Fig. 4 is a plane plate as a transparent Probeträ ger with a camera and light source,

Fig. 5 is a rotatable roller with a transparent surface coat as a sample carrier,

Fig. 6 is a bent plate as a transparent sample carrier,

Fig. 7 is a type classification of the spurious particles,

Fig. 8 tabular representation of the halftone regions of a Florbildes,

Fig. 9 shows schematically the summary of the overall picture from step-by-step individual images and

Fig. 10 schematically illustrates the interfering particles trash particles, neps, husk neps and nubs.

According to Fig. 1 one movable table is (x positioning means in the direction of the coordinates and y) 1 is provided, the top surface on its upper From 1 a a a glass plate 2, and (not shown) on its lower cover surface 1 b (not shown) glass panel 2 b as a sample carrier. An illumination device 24 is provided below the glass plate 2 . The fibrous web 25 (sample) lies on the glass plate 2 a. With 26 interference particles are designated. Outside the table 1 is a portable holding plate 3 before hand, on which a stepper motor 4 is attached. The rotatable motor shaft is designed as a screw shaft 5 , which cooperates with a screw 6 , which is attached to the side surface 1 d of the box 1 . When the screw shaft 5 rotates , the table 1 is moved in the direction of the arrows A, B. Outside the table 1 and the holding plate 3 , a stationary holding plate 7 is provided, on which a stepper motor 8 is attached. The rotatable motor shaft is designed as a screw shaft 9 , which cooperates with a screw 10 which is attached to the side surface 3 b of the holding plate 3 . When the screw shaft 9 rotates, the holding plate 3 is moved in the direction of the arrows C ', D' and, via the mechanical connection, the box 1 in the direction of the arrows C, D at the same time. The table 1 is arched by a U-shaped support 11 , the side supports 11 a, 11 b of which are attached to the plate 7 and on the crosshead 11 c a camera 12 , for. B. a diode cell camera and an illumination device 13 are arranged.

Digital image processing, in which the image is broken down into individual dots (so-called pixels), is particularly suitable for the invention. In addition to the Schnittmoto ren 4, 8 (not shown) limit switches are still available, so that a zero position can be approached.

The device further comprises an image processing device 14 , which a central processing unit (CPU) 15 , z. B. microprocessor, an image processing system 16 , an additional memory 17 and an interface unit 18 , which are electrically connected to each other. A two-axis controller 19 is connected to the interface unit 18 and is connected to the stepper motors 4 and 8 . Furthermore, the image processing device 16 is connected to the camera 12 . The interface unit 18 is connected to a printer 20 , a terminal 21 and a control keyboard 22 . 23 denotes a data bus.

The device according to FIG. 1 can be used, for example, as a laboratory device and comprises the image processing system 14 with additional memory 17 and interface unit 18 , a light source 24 for transmitted light, a terminal 21 and an incident light illumination device 13 . The fiber to be examined flor 25 can also be located between the thin, transparent plates 2 a, 2 b. The camera 12 attached to the crosshead 11 c gradually scans a programmable measuring range. The trash particles 26 and nits recognized in the process are classified. The measurement results and size distributions (histograms) can be output on the connected terminal 21 and the printer 20 . In transmitted light, all opaque objects are detected and classified in terms of size, for example trash particles 26 or shell nits. When measuring in reflected light, the nits and nubs are highlighted as locally limited, bright areas by the lighting and image recording optics. With the image processing system 14 , these areas are recognized as nits. The nits and nubs recognized are also classified according to size. The test duration for the detection of trash particles 26 and shell nits is, for example, 3 to 20 minutes. Parts that are visible in transmitted light are recognized down to a minimum size of approximately 0.1 mm (diameter). The maximum size can be up to 60 mm. In the case of parts evaluated in incident light, nits with a minimum diameter of approximately 0.1 mm are recognized. The maximum part size of the knobs is about 2 mm.

In FIG. 2, a card 30 is shown with the feed roller 31, feed table 32, the lickerin 33, drum 34, collector 35, stripper roller 36, nip rollers 37, 38, transport rollers 39, 40, Vliesleitelement 41, sliver funnel 42, Ab is zugswalzen 43, 44, Kannenstock 45 and revolving lid 46 . The card 30 is preceded by a flake feed device 47 . Between the squeeze rollers 37, 38 , which abge a (not shown) thin fibrous web 58 and the transport rollers 39, 40 , which take up and further transport the fibrous web 58 , two transparent, stationary plates 48, 49 are provided as measuring paths 50 , one of which is channel-like Have a distance of about 2 to 10 cm, between which the batt 58 flows continuously. The plates 48, 49 at the same time prevent disruptive air currents which could tear the thin fibrous web 58, in particular at high running speeds.

The device for detecting disruptive particles in the fiber web 58 passing through the measuring section 50 has a camera 12 and an image processing device 14 (cf. FIG. 1), which includes, among other things, a gray value comparator, a counting device and a process computer. The image processing device 14 is a control device 51 , for. B. Ma machine control of the card 30 , connected downstream, which is connected to a controllable drive motor 52 , which changes the distance of a separating knife 26 to the licker-in 33 via a gear device 53 .

In this way, on-line detection and detection of the interfering particles is realized by regulating the separation of the interfering particles. If predetermined limit values which are stored in a memory 17 are exceeded, a pre-warning and / or a shutdown of the card 30 can take place via the control device 51 . An optical filter 57 can be arranged in front of the camera 12 . Furthermore, a lamp 13 is arranged on the side of the camera 12 for incident light and a lamp 24 on the side of the pane 48 for transmitted light opposite the camera 12 , which serve to brighten the image to be recorded.

Possible measuring locations on the card 30 for the fibrous web include:

Fibrous web or covering (arrow E) on drum 34 , fibrous web or covering (arrow F) on taker 35 , fibrous web or covering (arrow G) on doctor roller 36 , fibrous web (arrow H) between doctor roller 36 and squeeze rollers 37, 38 and fibrous web (arrow I) between the squeeze rollers 37, 38 and the transport rollers 39, 40 . The disruptive particles can be seen in the fibrous web on the drum 34 , on the pickup 35 and on the doctor roller 36 only in reflected light, for example nits in chemical fibers, while the disruptive particles between the doctor roller 36 and the squeeze rollers 37, 38 and between the squeeze rollers 37, 38 and Trans port rollers 39, 40 are visible in transmitted and reflected light.

According to FIG. 3, the camera 12 is followed by the gray value comparator 61 , the counting device 62 and the computer 15 , which are connected to the control device 51 . The classification and the counting are done by appropriate computer programs (software).

The following aspects are used to classify the parts:

• 1st type:
  • a) nits:
    Detection in reflected light after gray value filtering
  • b) Trash particles:
    Detection in transmitted light after gray value filtering
  • c) Elongated trash parts (bark, grass):
    This class represents a special class of trash particles.
  • d) Shell nits:
    Either comparison of transmitted light (the core becomes visible) and incident light (the fibers of the nits become visible)
    or just incident light:
    Dark core (high grayscale), lighter fiber environment, like a nit (lower grayscale).
• In addition to the described detection methods a) to d) Gray value operations, edge detection or similar for better distinction parts.
• 2.size:
  The area of the particle is recorded in square millimeters (mini male size 0.1 mm diameter).

FIG. 4 shows a glass plate 49 which is arranged between squeeze rollers 37, 38 and transport rollers 39, 40 and over which the fibrous web 58 runs. The camera 12 is arranged above the glass plate 49 , and the lamp 24 for transmitting light is arranged below the glass plate 24 . The direction of rotation of the squeeze rollers 37, 38 and the transport rollers 39, 40 is indicated by curved arrows.

According to FIG. 5, a roller 59 (direction of rotation arrow K) with a glass jacket surface is arranged between the squeeze rollers 37, 38 and the transport rollers 39, 40 , along which the fiber web 58 runs. The circumferential speed of the roller 59 is expediently equal to the running speed of the batt 58 , so that no rubbing relative movement occurs. The lamp 24 is arranged inside the roller 59 .

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 3, in which a convexly curved glass plate 60 is present as the carrier, over which the fiber web 58 slides and which enables improved guidance when it comes into contact with sliding. The fibrous web 58 is only in contact with part of the glass plate 60 . The upper vertex of the roller 59 and the glass plate 60 are expediently in each case above the connecting straight line between the nip of the nip rollers 37, 38 and the transport rollers 39, 40 . The arrows L and M indicate the direction in which the camera 12 can be moved in the direction of the width of the machine.

A type classification is shown graphically in FIG . The particle proportion is shown in% compared to the particle type.

Fig. 8 shows in tabular form the gray scale areas of a pile image, with certain pile elements (interference particles and good fibers) each being assigned certain gray scale values.

FIG. 9 shows that the image section of the individual recordings is smaller than the overall sample, so that the overall result is achieved by overlapping several samples.

The sliver (card sliver) is designated by 64 .

Claims (30)

1. Method for recognizing disruptive particles, esp. Trash parts, nits, shell nits, nubs and the like. Like., in textile fiber material, for. B. cotton, man-made fibers and. Like., In which the determination of the degree of contamination (trash content) of the fiber material takes place optically and electronically, the fiber material being detected by a sensor and the measured values being fed to an image processing device, characterized in that

• a) a thin fibrous web is formed,
• b) the sensor gradually detects each disruptive individual particle,
• c) by means of an evaluation device for each individual particle specific parameters, z. B. gray values,
• d) the individual particles are classified on the basis of the parameters on the basis of a comparison, for. B. by type, shape, size and
• e) the individual particles are counted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin Fleece and the sensor are moved relative to each other. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Sensor moves gradually over a programmable measuring range.   4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor is a part of the interfering particles, for. B. trash parts, Shell nits, recorded in transmitted light. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensor is a part of the interfering particles, for. B. Nissen, in the up light captured. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shell nits are detected in transmitted light and at least to determine two different shades of gray can be evaluated. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shell nits by comparing the measurement results in transmitted light and be determined in incident light. 8. Apparatus for detecting disruptive particles, in particular trash parts, nits, shell nits, nubs and the like. Like., in textile fiber material, for. B. cotton, man-made fibers and. Like., To carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which a measuring section is provided with a transparent element for the fiber material, wherein a sensor for determining the degree of contamination is arranged on the measuring section, characterized in that the device a camera ( 12 ), e.g. B. a diode line camera, an electronic evaluation device (image processing unit 14 ), a classifying device, a counting device ( 62 ) and a computer ( 15 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sensor ( 12 ) and an illumination device ( 13 ) are arranged on the same side of the batt ( 25, 58 ). 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sensor ( 12 ) and the lighting device ( 24 ) are arranged on under different sides of the fibrous web ( 25, 28 ). 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a switching device for switching between the lighting devices ( 13, 24 ) is provided. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) comprises a comparison device for the electrical pulses in transmitted light and in incident light determination. 13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) comprises a gray value comparator ( 61 ). 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) comprises a gray value filter. 15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) determines the shape (shape) of the individual particles. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) determines the size of the individual particles. 17. The device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the evaluation device ( 14 ) he averages the brightness of the individual particles. 18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the classifying means comprises a memory ( 17 ). 19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the device comprises a monitor ( 21 ). 20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the table ( 1 ) with the carrier ( 2 a) for the batt ( 25 ) has a two-axis control ( 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10; 19 ) assigned. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the carrier ( 2 a, 2 b; 48, 49; 59, 60 ) for the fibrous web ( 25; 58 ) by visible, for. B. made of glass or the like. 22. The device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the carrier ( 59, 60 ) has a convexly curved surface. 23. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the carrier is a roller ( 59 ) with a transparent or diaphanous outer surface. 24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the sensor ( 12 ) with the lighting device ( 13, 24 ) at the input and / or at the output of a fiber-forming device, for. B. a card ( 20 ) is arranged. 25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the sensor ( 12 ) is able to detect the fiber web ( 58 ) located on a clothing roller ( 34, 35, 36 ). 26. The device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the number and / or amount of interfering particles ( 26 ) across the width of the roller ( 34, 35, 36 ) can be determined. 27. The device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that a plurality of sensors ( 12 ) is connected to the evaluation device ( 14 ). 28. The device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the computer ( 14 ) via a control unit ( 51 ) and Steuerlei lines ( 63 ) for controlling the degree of cleaning with the drive for an actuator, for. B. for a set roller ( 33 ) associated scraper knife ( 56 ) or guide element ( 54 ) on a card ( 30 ) or the like. 29. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in net that the computer with a quality detection device, for. B. a card information system. 30. Device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the computer ( 15 ) with the control device ( 51 ) of the fiber pile-forming machine, for. B. card ( 30 ) is connected, a pre-warning and / or shutdown device of the machine can be actuated when exceeding predetermined limit values for the interfering particles ( 26 ).