DE3620929A1 - Method and device for controlling at least one heating installation - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for controlling the flow temperature of the heating installation heating a number of rooms of a building, the flow and return of which carry variable volume flows. The room temperatures are controlled by means of thermostat valves or individual room temperature regulators. By means of an identification model, the flow temperature and the return temperature of the heating installation, the outside temperature, the calorific output of the heat exchanger of the heating installation, the volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the flow or return, or variables derived from one or more of these variables, are used to determine the approximate value of the respective partial heating factor and the respective external heat relative to a reference level, and from this there is determined the instantaneous minimum-required desired value of the flow temperature for maintaining the room temperature desired values set at the thermostat valves or individual room temperature regulators.

Description

The invention relates to a method for regulating the Heating flow temperature of at least one heater according to the Preamble of claim 1 and a device for performing this procedure.

Under a heater is a heating system or part of one Understanding heating system, which a heating flow and has a heating return, the heating flow with the heating return via at least two parallel to each other switched heat exchanger is connected. If also heat exchanger are connected in series between the heating flow and return, these are considered as a single heat exchanger.

It can be preferred for the rooms to be heated by the heating to act in similarly used or similarly used rooms, such as the rooms of an apartment or a residential building, sick rooms, School rooms, similarly used laboratory rooms, office rooms, manufacturing rooms or the like. The invention is not limited to this, however is also in rooms with very different uses advantageous.  

The heating flow can, for example, directly to the boiler flow Boiler or the like. Connected or identical to it be or be connected to district heating or the like. Example the heater can also be connected to a mixing valve, through which you can with the boiler flow or another one Heat generator coming forward is connected, etc.

The heat exchanger or part of the heat exchanger can with the Provide control of the rooms in question serving thermostatic valves be. The individual thermostatic valve can be a Flow through the thermostatic valve influencing the heat exchanger act, so that from the heating flow to the heating return volume flow of this heat exchanger flowing through Heat transfer medium variable using this thermostatic valve can be throttled and preferably also shut off.

The heat exchangers or at least part of them are can be switched off manually. This switch-off option serves in particular to switch off the heating of the room in question.

Instead of thermostatic valves, other regulations can also be used of the room temperatures, but the Room temperature of each room temperature-controlled room by itself Adjustment of the flow through the relevant heat exchanger Heat transfer medium is regulated. It is not because of this required that the relevant room temperature control is off electrical wiring leading out of this room.

It is known to operate a heating circuit so that the Heating flow temperature depending on the outside temperature according to a heating curve is controlled. The room temperature will then only controlled and no room temperature sensor is required in the room, which is extremely advantageous because the heating system does not electrical connections between the one or more of the heating circuit heated building rooms and the relevant boiler od. the like. Showing room (usually a basement room) of the building needed.  

However, the heating curve cannot change external heat take into account that penetrates into the relevant building rooms (positive external heat) or is dissipated from it (negative External heat), so that this room temperature control is inaccurate. At The external heat can be caused by solar radiation during the External heat occurring during the day, the body heat from in the rooms themselves people or other temporary sources of heat act. If the negative is removed from the room in question External heat can be, for example, by opening windows, doors or act cooler ambient air entering the room. Around positive and negative external heat with an outside temperature controlled Regulation of the heating flow temperature must also be taken into account known to provide the heat exchanger with thermostatic valves. The The heating curve is then set so steep that the thermostatic valves Adjust the variable external heat, including negative external heat can. However, this requires heating flow temperatures, which in the Normally are significantly too high and the heat loss Cause heating system.

It is therefore an object of the invention in a method of type mentioned the heating flow temperature of the heater the respective heat requirement taking into account the respective Adapt external heat without making electrical connections between the room in question and that normally outside of it Room arranged controller for the heating flow temperature needs.

This object is achieved by the one specified in claim 1 Procedure solved. An inventive device for implementation this method is described in claim 10.

This method according to the invention succeeds despite the absence electrical connections between the room in question and the Heating flow temperature controller, the heating flow temperature to the adjust the respective heat requirements of the rooms to be heated so that the heating flow temperature on average lower than at can be the known methods described above. This will the heat loss of the heating system, if necessary, Heat generator reduced.  

The method according to the invention also allows rapid adaptation of the Heating flow temperature to changing conditions, such as Change in outside temperature, change in external heat, change in Setpoint of the room temperature, manual switching off or on Heat exchangers of heating, etc. The inertia of adapting the Heating flow temperature can be adjusted to the respective conditions keep low. The control quality is also improved. At one Heat generator, such as a boiler, district heating, gas boiler or the like., one heater or several heaters can be connected be. In the latter case, it is advisable to turn on each heater the mixing valve connected to the boiler flow the boiler return can be connected. It is also possible to use a heating circuit or the like in several heaters to be divided into a group of heat exchangers, each heating a separate identification model to determine each cheapest heating flow temperature is assigned.

However, in this case the heating flow temperature for everyone Heaters is the same size, you can then provide as a setpoint for the heating flow temperature is the highest setpoint that the identification models are currently requesting. Then the optimal heating flow temperature is only for one group of heat exchangers in front of and for the other groups can then they are no longer optimal, but the conditions are in that buildings in general are similar and each The selected setpoint of the heating flow temperature is also for the other heat exchanger groups usually close to the optimal one Setpoint of the heating flow temperature.

The setpoint of the heating flow temperature is determined by the Identification model determined so that the by the current setpoint of the heating flow temperature possible currently maximum heat output of the heat exchangers in operation is or is almost present, d. H. that in the event of existence of thermostatic valves the flow through the concerned The heat exchanger must be open to the maximum or almost to the maximum can or is.  

There are also none in the identification model according to the invention Parameter settings are more necessary or at most the Reference status can be set if necessary.

The identification model can preferably be a digital computer, the required measurement values and, if applicable, the reference state be entered, of the respective fictitious Room temperature deviation calculated. With this then the respective minimum possible setpoint of the heating flow temperature determined and in a preferably digital controller for regulating the Heating flow temperature entered.

The method according to the invention can be used with and without heating systems Night reduction or calendar time reduction in room temperature be applied. This method can be provided only to be used during non-lowered heating mode and it not to be used during the room temperature reduction time intervals. Or it can also be provided only during the period of each Rapid heating from the lowered to the raised room temperature not apply and in its place during this period of time Rapid heating approximately the setpoint of the heating flow temperature to the maximum value so that the rapid heating with approximately maximum, constant heating flow temperature is carried out.

However, the identification model can also be used for rapid heating be involved. E.g. it is possible that the identification model the end of the rapid heating can be recognized and opened automatically the regulation of the heating flow temperature according to the Identification model can change determined target value, by exceeding the room temperature setpoint recognizes the rapid heating by thereby the Volume flow of the heat transfer medium by means of the thermostatic valves or the like. is reduced. In this case, the identification model So be designed so that it with every rapid heating up  for controlling the setpoint of the heating flow temperature is rendered ineffective as long as the volume flow of the Heat transfer medium is maximum, and that the Identification model by itself again in the regulation of the Heating flow temperature according to the one determined by him Setpoint switches on as soon as it is present with the command "Rapid heating" a predetermined reduction in the volume flow of the heat transfer medium by means of a volume flow meter.

In order to find the minimum necessary on the identification model Heating flow temperature from the sizes mentioned in claim 1 To be able to win, there must be a relationship between room temperature and these sizes in at least one that can be heated by the heater Space, but be given for the majority of the heating surfaces. This connection is through the use of thermostatic valves, but also through any other type of individual room temperature control, by which the volume flow of the heat transfer medium is adjusted, manufactured: When the thermostatic valve or other intervenes Valves to reduce the heat output of the heat exchanger will Heat output from the heat exchanger reduced, the volume flow decreases of the heat transfer medium (water, steam or the like.) in the heating pre and -Rewind.

One that detects the current heating output of the heating Heating power meter (this determines the total in the heating system heat output) measurable change in heating output compared to a theoretically determined heat requirement, three Have causes:

• 1. Influence of external heat;
• 2. Adjustment of the room temperature setpoint in the heated rooms,
• 3. at least one heat exchanger or at least one room is complete switched off.

During points 1. and 2. by changing the Heating flow temperature can be taken into account, this is at 3. not possible: If individual rooms are not heated, the Heating output of the heating is reduced, but this does not allow Adjustment of the heating flow temperature.

In the following calculations it is further assumed that in Rooms whose room temperature is regulated, individually for equal room temperature setpoints are set. This is the normal case. If this is not the case in special cases, so the identification model described below leads to Actual values of the room temperature, the approximate mean values of the set room temperature setpoints. It is also then the case when there are several heat exchangers in one room different room temperature setpoints set thermostatic valves available.

In the model approach for heating, one heating flow and one Has heating return and an identification model according to the Associated with the invention, the partial heating (not the partial load) by a partial heating factorψ considered.ψ indicates, what proportion of the heating is in operation, d. H. what proportion of the The heat exchanger is not switched off.ψ is a value between 0 and 1. For example meansψ = 0.8 that the standard power _N  and the the respective required heat output for the respective outside temperature Heating the entire building by switching off at least one Heat exchanger is reduced by 20%.  

The model approach for heating can be designed as follows:

• - The sum is known approximately _N  the delivery performance of everyone Heat exchanger of the heating at an outside design temperaturet _N  respectively. the standard heat requirement determined according to the relevant standards. It is so Where _jN  (j = 1.2. . .) the performance of the individual heat exchanger. In Central Europe it is Design outside temperaturet _N  mostly -8 ° to -20 ° C. For this standard performance _N  the heating is calculated and it can be done after installing the controller in an experiment to determine how big the actual Standard power is if it deviates from the calculated value. It can also be provided in a preferred embodiment that false information for _N  andt _N  from the identification model to one Parameter adjustment are automatically compensated. To this end can be provided, for example, at certain time intervals, e.g. once a Six months, with outside temperatures of preferably below 10 ° C with a heat meter which in a certain period of time, preferably determine the amount of heat consumed in 5-8 hours and by extrapolating to the standard output _N  to convert. This can programmed to be triggered automatically or, if necessary, manually.
• - The heating is due to the partial heating factorψ certain Part involved (ψ is a model parameter and must be entered later via the Measured variables are calculated). The at unrestricted flow through the heat exchangers in operation to maintain the Setpoint of the room temperature at the current outside temperature t _a  required heat output without the influence of external heat as theoretical heating power _th  designated. It is _th  =ψ  _N  (t _in  -t _a ) / (t _in  -t _N ), 6 (1)t _in  = the highest intended room temperature Setpoint corresponding design room temperature (for the calculation of _N   assumed room temperature), usually 20-24 ° C.
• - In the heated rooms, however, there is usually a positive or negative external heat accumulation _F  through sun exposure, inner Heat sources, open windows and doors, strong wind, not heated neighboring rooms, etc. _F  is based on the theoretical heat requirement _th  at the prevailing outside temperaturet _a  according to Eq. (1) related, the dimensionless relative external heat component thus obtained _Frel  = _F  / _th , 6 (2) is a model parameter to be calculated from the measured variables.

If from the design room temperaturet _in , e.g. B. 20 ° C, deviating Room temperature setpointst _iS  be set, this requires one across from _th  according to Eq. (1) changed heat demand. It works this in the identification model as this change (increase or reduction) of the heat demand corresponding negative or positive external heat, which is the identification model as external heat taken into account by itself.

Since the reporting of room temperatures to the identification model should be avoided to avoid electrical connections between the rooms to be heated and the heating flow temperature controller The identification model also means being able to do without no possibility for the knowledge of setpoint values of the Room temperature.  

• - For the rooms heated by the heating (it can be done manually also one or more rooms by switching off the heat exchanger turned off and are then not heated) the energy balance applies _th  - _F  = _HKab , 6 (3) _HKab  = those of those in operation Effective heat exchangers delivered Heat output (= heating output).
• - A "fictitious change in room temperature" Δ t _if can be calculated from the relative incidence of external heat as follows:
• Δ t _if  = - _Frel  (t _in  -t _a ), 6 (4)
• Derivation of Eq. (4):
  Eq. (1) resolved:
• Real heating surface power according to Eq. (3):
• _HKab  = _th  - _F
• Fictitious room temperaturet _if that without consideration the external heat solely from the heat given off by the heating surfaces _HKab  would be held:
• This fictitious room temperature is with positive external heat (Sunlight, etc.) lower than the desired one Setpoint, with negative external heat, d. H. with heat dissipation through open windows and doors etc. higher.
• The fictitious change in room temperature is
  t _if - t _iN = Δ t _if
• The fictitious change in room temperatureΔ t _if  indicates to how much Kelvin the room temperature is based on the Design temperaturet _in  change up or down would, if only that given off by the heating surfaces Heat output _HKab  available for heating would stand. In other words: if you start from a state in which positive or negative external heat occurs and this through thermostatic valves or individual room control to maintain the room temperaturet _in  corrected was like thatΔ t _if  at how the room temperature would fictionally change if the external heat occurred _F   zero caused by the external heat Control intervention (setting the heat output of the heating surfaces _HKab ) would be maintained and the boundary conditions would not change either.  
• - The fictitious change in room temperature Δ t _if is the measure for calculating the new flow temperature setpoint:
  A heating curve or heating curve equation, the so-called "design heating curve", is defined by the design outside temperature t _N and the design heating flow temperature (= intended maximum heating flow temperature). If a fictitious change in the room temperature has now been determined using the model, the heating surfaces must be given a heat output by changing the heating flow temperature, which would result in a room temperature of t _iN + Δ t _if without external heat or other disturbances. The remaining heat output to achieve the actual room temperature setpoint unknown to the controller is covered by external heat or consumed by increased heat requirements. Thus, Δ t _if represents the amount by which the heating curve must be shifted for this operating state, so that the new setpoint of the heating flow temperature at the existing outside temperature can then be determined from the shifted heating curve. The heating curve can be given by an equation with at least one parameter, or it can also be implemented and shifted in an analog manner. In the case of an equation, a characteristic field results from its at least one parameter. In this way, the heating _flow temperature determined and controlled in this way leads to the fact that the valves of the heat exchangers that are not switched off manually are practically fully open when the room temperature assumes the value t _iN .

A setpoint that is set lower than the design room temperature t _iN on the thermostatic valve or on the individual room controller is also interpreted as positive external heat and, in response to the volume flow reduced by the setpoint adjustment, leads to a reduction in the heating flow temperature. This is based on a design of the thermostatic valves in which the design volume flow, that is to say the volume flow which arises under normal conditions, is already achieved with part of the available valve lift, which corresponds to the current state of the art. If necessary, the value for the heating flow temperature calculated with the model should be increased by a few Kelvin in order to keep the thermostatic valves in control.

Model approach to heating

The energy balance according to Eq. (3) provides the link between the Model of the rooms to be heated and the model of heating.

The rooms in question are represented by Eq. (3) quasi-stationary shown, increased or decreased heat demand through unsteady processes is caused only by a humiliation or Increase in the calculated external heat recorded.

However, the heater must be at least a first-order storage element be considered because injection and withdrawal processes are essential for are their operational behavior.

Explanation of the model approach:

• - The relationship between the current, of those in operation located heat exchangers of the heating in the or the relevant Rooms delivered heat or heating output _HKab   and the heat output flowing to the heater _WMZ  reads then _WMZ  (Z) = _HKab  (Z) + _Sp  (Z), 6 (7)e.g. = Time
  _Sp  = Heat output that the change serves the storage heat of the heating.
• - The heat output flowing into the heating, which from Heat meter is detected is _WMZ  =  ·ρ ·c _p (t _HV  -t _MR ), 6 (8) for what
  ρ the density of the heat transfer medium,
  c _p  the heat capacity of the heat transfer medium,
  t _HV  Actual value of the heating flow temperature,
  t _MR  Actual value of the heating return temperature, and
   the actual value of the volume flow of the Heat transfer medium is.
• - The heating surfaces of the heat exchangers in operation emitted heat output (= heating output) depends on the Difference between average radiator surface temperature and Room temperature, as is known to the person skilled in the art. Here it is Heat emission treated by radiators, e.g. B. by the Equations of DIN 4703 are described: _HKab  =f ₁ f _{2nd  N} , 6 (9) m = Heat exchanger exponent
  Δ t _VRN  = Temperature difference heating flow - Heating return in normal condition (e.g. 90 ° C-70 ° C), d. H. with maximum power provided heating without external heat,   t _HKV  = Heat exchanger flow temperature
  t _HKR  = Heat exchanger return temperature f _2nd = 1 forc ≦ λτ 0.7
  t _i  = Actual room temperature. It can be here be sett _i  =t _in  +Δ t _if

These equations give the influence between the heat given off by the individual heat exchanger and the temperature difference t _HKV - t _HKR present at it, which corresponds to the temperature spread at the heat exchanger. If several heat exchangers are connected in series, these are considered and treated as a single heat exchanger.

As a simplification, the following is used for the model calculations:

t _HKV = t _HV (10)

Further, as also assumed for simplicity permissible that in the above equation (9) equal to the t _HKR present in the heating return heating return temperature t may be set _HR. t _HR is a mixed temperature of the temperatures of the heat transfer media flowing out of the heat exchangers, which occurs in the heating return downstream of the last inflow of heat transfer medium from a heat exchanger. It is permissible for Eq. (9) to use this mixed temperature as the basis for calculating the total heating output of all heat exchangers in operation. It is an approximation that is permissible for the model without further ado.

With this setting, the dead times between the measuring point of _WMZ  and heat exchangers and the heat losses in the pipelines neglects what is permissible.

• - The heat output _Sp  to change the storage heat of the heater determined by the increase in the mean temperature of the heater. WithM ·C. _H  = Heat capacity of the heating in kJ / K
  t _m  = mean heating temperature.

The mean temperature t _m is not the mean value between the flow and return temperatures, but is determined by the time behavior of the heating.

The relationship between the time course of the Identification model according to Eq. (7) sensed heat flow _MWZ  and the heat flow to increase the storage heat _Sp  can be as follows being represented:

With

where N is again the index for design values of the relevant size. Furthermore is
C _H = specific heat capacity of the heating including the heat transfer medium in it
C _HKN = total standard heat output of all heat exchangers based on the temperature difference between the arithmetic mean of the surface temperature of the heat exchangers when the temperature spread between the heating flow and heating return, ie the temperature spread of the heating at maximum heating power and outside temperature, z. B. 90/70 ° C, and the _{delivery room} temperature t _iN
z = time

= arithmetic mean temperature of the heat exchanger with spreading temperature spread, e.g. B. at t _HKV = 90 ° C and t _HKR = 70 ° C.

Equation 13 is used in a discretized form for the calculation the temporal course of the storage performance _Sp  from the temporal course of the determined heat output _WMZ .

Identification model

A basic equation for the identification model can be done by inserting Eq. (9) into Eq. (7) at simultaneous consideration of the respective partial heating of the rooms preserved, d. H. that _HKab  according to Eq. 9 withψ to multiply is.

_WMZ (Z) =f ₁ f _2nd ψ _N  + _{Sp -}(Z) (14)

Ψ can be determined from this equation:

A basic idea of this can be seen from this equation 15 preferred identification model:

The heat given off by the heating in the rooms is derived from the Behavior of heating flow and heating return temperatures determined and in relation to the normal state and the Change in the heat stored in the heater necessary heat output set.

From Eq. 15 it is also clear that the standard heat requirement _N   just a reference forψ is an incorrect one Setting of _n  is throughψ in sufficient measure compensated.  

Process of the model calculation

The model calculations therefore run as follows:

• - calculation of _Sp  according to Eq. (13) (e.g. discretized or solved via folding integral), e.g. B. With
  Δ T = Sampling time interval
  T _k  = Sampling time
  k = Index for thek-th measurement
  T ₁ = Time constant according to Eq. 13 a.
• The length of timeΔ T each sampling interval can, for example. expedient in the order of a few seconds to a few minutes. At the end of each sampling time interval is the calculation of _Sp  repeated, as did the subsequent calculations from Equations 17-17e.
• - Calculation of the partial heating factor ψ according to Eq. (15)
• - Calculation of the theoretical heat requirement (depending on the outside temperature) according to Eq. (1)
• - Calculation of the heating surface power currently delivered according to Eq. (7) _HKab (T _k ) = _WMZ (T _k  - _Sp (T _k ), 6 (17b)
• - Calculation of the external heat generation from Eq. (3) and the relative external heat generation according to Eq. (2) _F (T _k ) = _th (T _k ) - _HKab (T _k ), 6 (17c) _Frel (T _k ) = _F (T _k ) / _th (T _k ), 6 (17d)Δ t _if (T _k ) = - _Frel (T _k )t _in  -t _a (T _k )), 6 (17e)

These calculations according to Eq. 16 to 17d will end or at the beginning of each sampling time interval using a Computer of the identification model based on the current entered measured values and the previously determined Storage heat _Sp  (T _{k -1}) performed.T _k-1  is the last sampling time before the current sampling timeT _k .

The fictitious change in room temperature t _if ( T _k ) from Eq. 17e calculate.

The identification model uses Δ t _{if to} determine which heat output the heat exchanger surfaces must give into the building, taking into account the external heat. It is the heating power that is necessary to maintain the fictitious room temperature t _if (see equation (6)). Since the fictitious room temperature deviation Δ t _if = t _if - t _{iN is} a measure of the deviation of the fictitious room temperature from the design room temperature, it is also a measure of the correction of the heating flow temperature: The flow temperature must be determined by the controller to maintain the fictitious temperature Room temperature would be necessary.

In the drawing is an embodiment of the invention shown. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating system according to an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 is a Heat slope,

Fig. 3 is a schematic image of a heating system according to another embodiment of the invention.

The heating system 9 shown in FIG. 1 has a boiler 10 with a burner 11 . The boiler flow line 12 is connected to a heating flow line 17 via a four-way mixing valve 13 . This heating flow line 17 leads to a plurality of rooms 19 of a building or the like, which can be all heated rooms of this building. In each of these heated rooms 19 , one or more heat exchangers 21 are arranged, each of which is assigned a thermostatic valve 22 for room temperature control. All heat exchangers 21 are connected in parallel to one another to the common heating flow line 17 and to the common heating return line 18 . In some cases, at least two heat exchangers can also be connected in series. The heating return line 18 is connected to the mixing valve 13 , one connection piece of which is connected to the boiler return line 23 . As shown, one of the heat exchangers 21 is actually not a single heat exchanger, but consists of two individual heat exchangers 21 ' connected in series. These are treated together in the model like a single heat exchanger.

This heating system 9 has a boiler circuit 28 which has the boiler 10 , the boiler flow and return lines 12, 23 . A heating circuit 27 is coupled to this by means of the mixing valve 13 , which here forms the heating for the rooms 19 and has the heating flow line 17 , the heat exchanger 21 and the heating return line 18 .

A circulation pump 29 is used to circulate the heat transfer medium of the heating system 9 , which preferably consists of water.

This heating system9 is an identification model25th  according to an expedient embodiment of the invention assigned that at predetermined time intervalsΔ T the current fictitious room temperature deviationΔ t _if  calculated. This identification model25th assigns one Heating power meter33, a reference state transmitter24th For  a reference state _N , a calculator34 to calculate the fictitious room temperature deviationt _if  and a memory35  on. In the storage room35 are those from the computer34 and the Heating power meter33 required heating constants, such as ,c _p ,M ·C. _H ,ρ,t _in ,t _N ,t _HVN ,t _HRN , _N  saved. So far one or more of these constants, e.g. _N , a predefined heating curve with a defined Operating state or defined operating states, preferably at _F  = 0 can be determined experimentally.

This identification model 25 also receives the following input variables measured by sensors 14, 15, 16 and 20 :

The outside temperaturet _a  by an outside temperature sensor14; the near the mixing valve13 of a Temperature sensor15 felt heating flow temperaturet _HV ; which is also close to the mixing valve13 of a Temperature sensor16 felt heating return temperaturet _MR   and that by means of a volume flow meter20th measured Volume flow  in the heating return line18th  flowing heat transfer medium. This volume flow meter20th  can also be near the mixing valve13 arranged will. The volume flow meter20th can also in Heating flow17th be arranged because the volume flows of the Heating flow17th and the heating return18th equal are great.

Volume flow meters, heating return and Heating flow temperature sensor and thermal power meter as a device summarized.  

The boiler 10 is usually located in a basement of the building in question. Likewise, the sensors 15, 16 , the mixing valve 13 and the volume flow meter 20 can then be arranged in this basement room; likewise the circulation pump 29 which serves to circulate the heat transfer medium and which is arranged in the heating flow 17 in this exemplary embodiment.

The computers of the identification model 25 can preferably be digital computers. A controller 32 can also preferably be provided working digitally, as can a heating curve transmitter 26 .

A digital calculator33 of the identification model25th  calculated from the values entered in itt _HV ,t _MR  and   considering him from memory35  forwarded dataρ andc _p  according to equation 8 the current Heat output (heat output) _WMZ  the heater9.

TheΔ t _if  computing digital calculator34 becomes the current heating capacity _WMZ  entered, as well as the sizest _HV , t _MR ,t _a ,  and from memory35 the further for the Calculation of the fictitious room temperature deviationΔ t _if   required constantsM ·C. _H , _N ,t _in ,t _N  and those for Calculation of sizesf ₁ andF _2nd required constants. This computer34 is controlled by a clock generator40 or the like. at predetermined time intervalsT one each Calculation of the fictitious room temperature deviationt _if  according to the equation17th e using the equation16-17th d  to make.  

The reference state transmitter24th can be set by hand, for example be that the reference value it outputs is the one to the through the heater9 heated building or the relevant Part of the building or the like under the present climatic Conditions related design performance (standard performance) _N  this heater27 at a predetermined design outside temperaturet _N , e.g. B. is at -15 ° C.

A Heizkurvengeber 26 calculates from its input data t _a and t _if at each sampling time T _k to each new setpoint t _HVsoll the heating water temperature, and outputs this target value to the controller 32 a, in the further actual value t _HV of the heating flow temperature is inputted and these regulators 32 then controls the servomotor 41 of the mixing valve 13 in such a way that the instantaneous control deviation is reduced. This controller 32 can preferably be a continuous controller.

The functional relationship between the outside temperature t _a and the heating flow temperature t _HV , which controls the desired setpoint of the room temperature for this heating when the thermostat valves 22 are fully open, is stored in the heating curve transmitter 26 , but does not take into account the external heat. In order to automatically take this into account in the presence of external heat, the identification model 34 calculates the fictitious room temperature deviation caused by it compared to the design room temperature t _iN, i.e. the temperature difference bridged by the external heat, although individual rooms 19 are also blocked from heating by manually closing the relevant thermostatic valves 22 can be, since this identification model, as explained, also automatically takes into account the partial heating factor caused thereby and all this without direct measurements in rooms 19 .

Contains the stored or in the heating curve encoder 26 according to a predetermined equation as a parameter, in particular t _a and t _if, predictable heating curve at the predetermined interpretation room _temperature t in the spaces 19 where no external heat the relation between the outdoor temperature t _a and the heating flow temperature t _HV so specifies that in the heated rooms the design room temperature is approximately maintained by the heater 27 when the thermostatic valves are fully open, shall be referred to as the basic heating curve. It can be determined from building and heating data and / or experimentally or can be adapted better and better in the usual way by adaptation. It is designated 42 in the heating curve diagram according to FIG. 2. This basic heating curve 42 is now shifted parallel to itself in accordance with the fictitious room temperature deviation Δ t _if newly determined at each sampling time, namely along the inclined room temperature setpoint axis 47, depending on the sign of the fictitious room temperature deviation Δ t _if, diagonally upwards or diagonally left below. For example, when the fictitious room temperature deviation -. Is Δ t _if, then the Grundheizkurve 42 is displaced to the dotted line position 42 'and then use the shifted heating curve is from her for the current outdoor temperature t _{a 1,} the current target value t _{HV 1} of the heating flow temperature t _HVsoll determined. This value t _{HV 1} is then entered into the controller 32 as a new setpoint, which is valid until the next sampling time and is then determined again. When the fictitious room temperature deviation Δ t _if instead is negative positive, the heating curve of the arrow rather than according to the - Δ t _if in the direction of the arrow + Δ t _if the Grundheizkurve 42 by the respective amount ± Δ t displaced _if and from it the setpoint of the heating _flow temperature t _HVsoll belonging to the current outside temperature t _a is determined accordingly.

The point of the basic heating curve 42 which is shifted from it on the room temperature setpoint axis 47 during the parallel shift described is the pivot point of the heating curve by which it is adjusted in order to adjust its slope in order to adapt it to the relevant values of the heating system and the relevant building rooms in accordance with DE -OS 20 04 233 can be swiveled. The heating curve transmitter 26 can also be designed differently. The parallel displacement of the heating curve to itself along the room temperature setpoint axis 47 is particularly favorable, as is known from DE-OS 20 04 233.

It is also possible that the reference state generator24th one other reference state than _N  specifies, for example, one of the Outside temperature-dependent reference state, which is preferred the heating capacity can correspond to that in the absence of External heat to maintain the delivery room temperature in the heated rooms19th when fully open Thermostatic valves22 is just sufficient.

It is also possible to stop mixing valve 13 or replace it with a three-way mixing valve. In the first case, the heater 27 can then be connected directly to the boiler flow of the boiler 10 and the heating flow temperature then corresponding to the boiler flow temperature can be regulated in a sliding manner by means of the controller 32, for example by controlling the burner 11 via its switching device 44 by means of the output signal of the controller 32 , as is Fig. 3 shows an example.

It is also possible to connect several heating circuits to the boiler flow 12 in parallel with each other by means of a separate mixing valve and to regulate each such heating circuit, which forms the heating for several rooms of the building in question or the like, by means of a separate identification model with regard to the heating flow temperature, so that each heating circuit has its own volume flow meter and sensors for sensing the heating flow and return temperature.

It is also possible, as in an exemplary embodiment in Fig. 3, a heating circuit50who here the boiler10th with sliding boiler temperature control includes, but also not the boiler can have heating circuit, for example Mixing valve or connected to a district heating system Heating circuit can be in multiple heaters27 ′ to subdivide the parallel to the heating flow line17th and the heating return line18th this heating circuit50  are connected. Any such heater27 ′ serves the Heating several rooms of the building in question. The like., For example, one apartment or floor. Everyone such heating27th is its own identification model25th  assigned, with each heater27 in each of them assigned return lines18 ′that are in the common Return line18th each have their own Return temperature sensor16 and volume flow meter20th  is assigned, however, to these identification models25th  entered measured valuest _a ,t _HV  are the same values. It can now these identification models25th a common Selection device46 be assigned to those of the Identification models25th calculated fictional Room temperature deviationsΔ t _if  can be entered and the that fictitious room temperature deviationΔ t _if  in the Heating curve transmitter26 inputs the highest setpoint of the Heating flow temperature results. If not  shown each identification model25th one only it is assigned its own heating curve generator then a selection device for these heating curve transmitters be connected downstream, each of which they issued highest setpoint of the heating flow temperature in the controller 32 enter. This regulator32 is all three heaters27 ′  together. Of the heated rooms concerned19th are again no electrical connections to the Regulator32 required. However, of the Volume flow meters25th and the heating return temperature sensors 16 or from the identification models25th from electrical Connections via the selection device46 and the Heating curve transmitter26 electrical connections to the controller32  required so that, if necessary, from the top and the medium heating up relatively long electrical lines to the temperature controller32 required in the building in question are. However, there are still significant advantages u. a. because of the rooms19th no electrical Connections must be made to the outside because no test room required for measuring room temperatures , etc. It is sufficient to connect these electrical cables to or close to the existing heating flow and heating return lines 17, 18 to relocate, for example in one for the Heating flow and heating return risers common Riser shaft of the building in question. Also the Control quality improved compared to conventional control methods, the heat losses of the heating system are reduced and there are no parameter settings after setting once the basic heating curve30th of the heating curve generator26 and the size _N  required.

Claims (13)

1.Procedure for regulating the heating flow temperature of at least one heating system which can heat a plurality of rooms in a building or the like and which has a heating flow and a heating return with variable volume flow of the heat transfer medium flowing in them and in each of these rooms at least one heat exchanger each and at Use of several heat exchangers which have the same heat emission characteristic, the room temperature of at least one of these rooms, preferably all of these rooms, being controlled independently of the other rooms by means of at least one thermostatic valve and / or a single room temperature controller, this room temperature control adjusting the volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow and return, characterized in that by means of an identification model from the heating flow temperature and the heating return temperature of the heater, the outside temperature, the volume flow of the Heat transfer medium in the heating flow or heating return, or variables derived from one or more of these variables determine the approximate value of the respective partial heating factor and the respective external heat relative to a reference level and from this the minimum required setpoint of the heating flow temperature required to maintain the room temperature set on the thermostatic valves or individual room temperature controllers Setpoints is determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Partial heating factor is determined according to the following equation: Where
_WMZ  = currently from the heating flow temperature, the Heating return temperature and the volume flow of the Heat transfer medium determined in the heating system heat output
_Sp  = current heat flow to change the in the heating stored storage heat
e.g. = Time,
f ₁,f _2nd = the characteristic quantities of the heat exchanger of the heating,
_N  = Sum of the heat exchanger's output Heater. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fictitious room temperature deviationΔ t _if  according to the following equation is determined: Δ t _if  = _Frel  (t _in  -t _a )Where
_Frel  = relative external heat accumulation dimensionless
t _in  = the highest intended room temperature setpoint corresponding design room temperature
t _a  = Outside temperature
are, and that from the respective fictitious room temperature deviation a new setpoint of the heating flow temperature in the Meaning a reduction in the absolute value of the current fictitious Room temperature deviation is determined.   4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a Relationship between the setpoint of the heating flow temperature and the heating curve or heating curve equation corresponding to the outside temperature depending on the fictitious change in room temperature determined in each case in the sense of a reduction in the absolute value the fictitious room temperature deviation changed, preferably is shifted parallel to itself. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the reference state of the Identification model is determined automatically. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that those caused by the dynamics of the heating time curves of the heat output of the heat exchanger and the Storage heat of the heating calculated from the identification model and when determining the target value in each case Heating flow temperature are taken into account. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the calculations are at least essentially done digitally. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in the case of night setback or otherwise Temporary lowering of the room temperature with subsequent with approximately maximum heating flow temperature Rapid heating of the room temperature to the raised Setpoint of the room temperature the end of the rapid heating the reduction of the volume flow of the heat transfer medium at least one thermostatic valve reducing the volume flow recognized and in the wake of this again on regulation of the by Identification model determined target value of the heating flow temperature is passed over.   9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the reference level is the sum of the design services the heat exchanger of the heater or according to the corresponding one Norms determined standard heat requirement is used. 10. Device for regulating the heating flow temperature at least one heater for heating a plurality of rooms in a building or the like. For carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by sensors ( 14, 15, 16 ) for sensing the outside temperature, the heating flow temperature and the heating return temperature, a volume flow meter ( 20 ) for measuring the volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the heating flow or return, also an identification model ( 25 ) for determining a fictitious room temperature deviation, depending on which a heating curve or heating curve equation of a heating curve element ( 26 ) to reduce the absolute value the fictitious room temperature deviation can be changed, and a controller ( 32 ) for regulating the setpoint value of the heating flow temperature determined according to the respectively applicable heating curve or heating curve equation as a function of the outside temperature is provided. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the Measured variables heating flow temperature, heating return temperature and volume flow can be measured by a heat meter, and that the heating curve element, the identification model and the Flow temperature controller integrated in a digital control device are. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the Heating is a heating circuit with a single identification model assigned.   13. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that a heating circuit is divided into a plurality of heaters ( 27 ') connected to the same heating flow and heating return line, each of which is used to heat at least two rooms, and that each heater has its own identification model is assigned, the heating flow temperature being regulated as a function of the highest setpoint value which results from the fictitious room temperature deviations determined by the identification models.