DE3313681A1 - Textile composite, process for its production, and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A web-like textile composite is proposed made of a textile composite support coated or impregnated with polymers customary for artificial leather is proposed, the support consisting of a nonwoven needled with a knitted fabric. The knitted fabric here consists of filament yarn, whose fibres or filaments have a titer of from 40 to 170 dtex. The knitted fabric is embedded between at least two nonwoven layers and needled with these from the nonwoven side. The textile composite is preferably used as outer material for sports and casual shoes.

Description

Textile composite, process for its manufacture

and its use. The invention relates to a web-shaped textile composite made of a polymer coated or impregnated with the polymers commonly used for artificial leather textile composite carrier, the carrier made of a needle punched with a knitted fabric There is a nonwoven fabric, and also a process for producing a by the wet coagulation process with the polymers commonly used for synthetic leather coated or impregnated textile composite material, in which a fiber fleece is needled with a knitted fabric to form a textile composite carrier and this carrier is then coated or impregnated, as well as the use of such a textile composite.

DE-PS 1 469 575 discloses an artificial leather, that is to say also a sheet-like one Textile composite, known that using a textile composite carrier is produced by the wet coagulation process. The carrier is doing this through one-sided needling of a random fiber fleece layer or a carded fleece layer Fibers on a surface a woven or knitted fabric, the needling exclusively from the free side of the fabric or effect is carried out. Since the polymer is only used in the known process applied to one side, namely the free woven or knitted side of the carrier this well-known artificial leather has two completely different surfaces, namely a "plastic side", the top layer of which consists exclusively of the one used for the coating or impregnation used polymer, and a "textile side", the top Layer consists of binder-free needle felt.

As can be seen from the examples of the aforementioned DE-PS, have the Threads of the yarn, of which the knitted fabric or woven fabric is made, a titer of 176 resp. 265 den (195.5 or 294.4 dtex), while the staple fibers that make up the fleece a titer of 1.5 or 3.0 den (1.67 or

3.33 dtex).

This well-known artificial leather has a very high vapor permeability, but only relatively low mechanical strengths (tensile strength, elongation at break, Tear resistance). Because the two sides of the well-known artificial leather are completely different Have quality, is the material for the production of sports and leisure shoes Not very suitable by today's standards, because the non-woven fleece inside is free of binders against mechanical injuries and especially against water ingress completely is unprotected. The mechanical abrasion resistance is also a lot on the textile side too low. The well-known synthetic leather is therefore not very strong as an upper material stressed sports shoes, e.g. soccer shoes, and not suitable for sports shoes, that are more or less regularly completely soaked, e.g. surf and sailing shoes.

The invention is based on the object of a textile composite of the genus mentioned at the beginning and a Procedure for its creation to create with which it is possible to avoid the disadvantages described, so in particular to create a textile composite that is lightweight and relatively large volume, an expansion behavior that is as isotropic in area as possible, i.e. low Differences between those measured in the longitudinal direction and those measured in the transverse direction of the sheet material measured strength values. In particular, should the textile composite has increased tear resistance compared to the previously known material, Have elongation at break, tear resistance and puncture tear resistance, even if this should be associated with a certain loss of water vapor permeability.

In the case of a textile composite, this task becomes the one mentioned at the beginning Genus solved according to the invention in that the knitted fabric consists of filament yarn, whose fibers or filaments have a titer of 40 to 170 dtex, and that the knitted fabric was embedded between at least two fleece layers and with these from the Fleece side is needled.

Surprisingly, the lowering of the fiber titer leads to the Knitted fabric to a value between 40 and 170 dtex does not reduce the mechanical Strength of the textile composite, but, on the contrary, to a significant one Increase in strength values. It is believed that this effect is inter alia with related to the needling of the fleece layers on both sides, in which the basically even finer fleece fibers in a certain way within the knitted fabric and through the Stitches of the knitted fabric are oriented through it.

The surfaces of the textile composite of the invention are both coated or impregnated with the polymer used as a binder, wherein the knitted fabric is completely embedded between the fleece layers. The textile composite therefore has no pure "plastic side" and no binder-free "textile side", but two equally abrasion-resistant and tear-resistant surfaces.

In an advantageous embodiment of the textile composite material according to the invention the fleece, which is needled onto the knitted fabric on both sides, exists in a manner known per se made of fibers with a titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex. The fleece is preferably made made of polyamide or polyester fibers, each of which may contain a proportion of May contain viscose fibers.

As particularly advantageous in terms of mechanical properties of the textile composite is the use of a knitted fabric in a velvet-fringe weave proven (under "binding" in this context the type of mesh laying is indicated of the knitted fabric).

The knitted fabric preferably has a weight per unit area of 50 to 150 g / m², while the non-woven fabric preferably has a basis weight of 60 to 300 g / m².

The knitted fabric does not necessarily have to be symmetrical between the minimum two fleece layers are embedded and needled with these, it can also be be embedded asymmetrically between the fleece layers. The one on one side of the Knitted needled fleece layer can, for example, be twice as thick as the one on the the other side of the knitted fabric is a needled fleece layer. For some use cases are therefore two thirds on one side of the knitted fabric and one third on the other side of the fiber weight of the total nonwoven content in the textile composite.

The process according to the invention for producing a by the wet coagulation process sheet-like coated or impregnated with polymers commonly used for artificial leather Textile composite, in which a fiber fleece with a knitted fabric to form a textile composite carrier needled and this carrier is then coated or impregnated characterized in that a knitted fabric used from filament yarn whose fibers have a titer of 40 to 170 dtex, and that the knitted fabric Needled on both sides with at least one fiber fleece layer each from the fleece side will.

As already mentioned, the combination leads to a reduction in the fiber titer for the knitted fabric on the one hand and the two-sided range between 40 and 170 dtex Needling the fleece layers with the knitted fabric from the fleece side, i.e. from the outside on the inside, on the other hand, to a surprising increase in strength values of the textile composite (see the values given in the table).

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention a fleece is used, the fibers of which in a known manner have a titer of 0i8 to 3.3 dtex. The nonwoven used is preferably one made from polyamide or polyester fibers built up, optionally containing a proportion of viscose fibers used nonwoven.

The fleece used can be aerodynamic as well as on the card be made. Since an isotropic fleece is not always completely aerodynamic is easy to manufacture, carded nonwovens are generally preferred. Aerodynamic Nonwovens placed on the knitted fabric become slightly wavy, which leads to differences in density and varying distances of the knitted fabric from the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric can result. If the textile composite after coating or impregnation is still superficially sanded in a manner known per se, exists in one such aerodynamically applied fleece there is a risk that the knitted fabric will be damaged.

With regard to the strength values ultimately achieved the use of a knitted fabric in a velvet-fringe weave has proven particularly advantageous. The knitted fabric is preferably made with a basis weight of 50 to 150 g / m2> the Fleece preferably with a basis weight from 60 to 300 g / m2 used per layer.

To prevent electrostatic charging and thus also to The nonwoven fibers can improve the needling effect with suitable ones known agents, e.g. polysulfonic acids or fats, and then if necessary, ensiled. Will be several layers of the resulting pile Placed on top of each other on the knitted fabric, the uniformity of the weight is over ensures the entire width of the carrier, so that even with aerodynamically formed Nonwovens, there are no thickness differences leading to a loss of quality.

The fiber fleece or the individual fleece layers can also be used in a known manner Way, causing compression and partial fiber reorientation and thus a uniformity of the fiber layer results.

The fleece used is preferred before it is needled onto the knitted fabric slightly pre-needled and, in the pre-needled state, initially on one side of the knitted fabric needled. The composite made of these two layers is then on a Second fleece, appropriately pre-needled, is placed on top and again from the fleece side here, so far needled to a three-layer composite, until a shift-free Rolling up the composite is possible.

The composite produced in this way is preferably then subjected to fine needling subjected, with felting needles on both sides with particularly little fiber transport either simultaneously or one after the other with at least 2 150 stitches per cm and Side, preferably with approx. 180 2 stitches per cm per side, is needled. this causes a reorientation of part of the fibers from the horizontal to the vertical Level, whereby the splitting strength of the composite is higher than the fiber strength, but at the same time the clastic behavior of the Carrier axis received remain.

The textile composite carrier produced in this way is then known Way according to the wet coagulation process with a polymer known for this purpose, preferably Polyurethane, impregnated and solidified. This creates a microporous water vapor and air-permeable flexible polymer layer, the surface of which after drying Sanded in a known manner and optionally printed, sprayed, with a The easy-care finish is provided, embossed and finished in other known ways can be. Depending on the finish, a textile composite with a split velor is created Look, suede-like, nubuck leather-like or smooth leather-like look.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the examples: Example 1 A warp knitted fabric is used to construct the textile composite carrier Made of polyamide fibers in a velvet fringe weave with a weight per unit area of 110 g / m² used, whereby the yarn used to produce the knitted fabric consists of 18 single threads or filaments with a titre of 78 dtex.

A polyamide fleece layer with a Weight per unit area from 110 to 120 g / m², each needled on from the fleece side, wherein the polyamide fibers of the fleece have a cut length of 40 mm and a titer of 1.7 dtex.

The fleece used for needling was slightly pre-needled.

For the needling from the fleece side to the knitted fabric felting needles were used that had both a sufficient connection and a Ensure a uniform surface structure, so that on the resulting bond no more "coniferous streets" can be seen. The composite made in this way was now with the knitted side on second appropriately pre-needled fleece placed, the second fleece in turn from the fleece side and thus -also in the direction of the first needling in the opposite direction onto the knitted fabric / fleece composite as far as the needle until a shift-free rolling up of the textile composite carrier was possible. Both fleece layers were needled onto the knitted fabric with about 70 stitches / cm2.

The composite produced in this way was then finish-needled, with on both sides with felting needles which transport very little fibers with approx. 180 stitches / cm² and page has been edited. The resulting reorientation of a part of the fibers from the horizontal to the vertical plane caused the splitting strength of the textile composite carrier has now become higher than the strength of the fibers which the composite was produced, but with the elastic behavior of the carrier axis functioning knitted fabric was retained.

The finely needled textile composite carrier then became known per se Way after the wet coagulation process by immersion in a dimethylformamide-containing Polyurethane elastomer solution with subsequent displacement of the organic solvent coated or impregnated and solidified by water and subsequent drying.

The textile composite impregnated with the polymer, which after drying initially has a thin closed surface, was by means of The surface was ground on a roller grinder, which gave the material a split velor-like appearance Appearance went.

Eventually, the consolidated textile composite was made to the desired Color adjusted by applying a grid and for optimizing the care properties still dirt and grease repellent (SCOTCi3GARD-FINISEL).

The mechanical properties of the uncoated textile composite carrier and the textile composite made according to this example are in the table listed.

Example 2 The textile composite carrier is made according to Example 1 manufactured and impregnated by the wet coagulation process. After coagulation solidification the surface of the textile composite is embossed by means of a suitable roller and finished in such a way that a smooth leather-like appearance is created. The properties of the textile composite produced in this way are also given in the table.

Example 3 The textile composite carrier was built up in the form that the needled fleece had different weights, that as a support axis functioning knitted fabric so arranged asymmetrically within the textile composite carrier was. For this purpose, a fleece with a weight per unit area of 160 g / m² is used, while a fleece with a basis weight is used on the back of only 80 g / m² was needled. Otherwise, as indicated in Example 1, procedure.

Example 4 In this example, the underside of the textile The nonwoven layer forming the composite carrier uses a random fiber nonwoven that has a share made of moisture-absorbing viscose fibers based on cellulose. Furthermore the procedure was as in Example 1. Due to the combination of fibers used here a material was created with particularly hygienic properties.

Example 5 The construction of the textile composite carrier was again carried out a warp knit made of polyamide fibers, dtex 78/18, in a velvet-fringe weave with a Basis weight of 100 g / m² used. One aerodynamically on a random fleece card ge-2 formed polyamide fleece with a weight per unit area of 100 g / m2, its fibers had a titer of 1.9 dtex and a cutting length of 40 mm, as in Example 1 described, needled on both sides with the warp knit.

However, the fine needling of the textile composite carrier was 2 with 250 stitches / cm and side performed. The coating according to the wet coagulation process and the grinding away of the thin closed surface created after drying were again carried out as described in Example 1. In the end, the so-made Textile composite still has a Scotchgard finish to optimize the care properties.

The mechanical properties of both the textile composite carrier and the resulting textile composite are again in the table listed.

Like the comparison of the mechanical strengths of the invention Textile composite produced, for example, with those specified in DE-PS 1,469,575 The strength values of the known material are in particular tear strength and elongation at break of the textile composite according to the invention is many times higher than with the known material, but with a loss of water vapor permeability must be accepted. A particular advantage of the textile composite according to the invention is its surface isotropic expansion behavior in both static and elastic Strain. This can be seen in the table for the longitudinal and transverse directions separately specified strength values, which differ surprisingly little, read directly. This surface isotropic roofing behavior both in the processing of the textile composite according to the invention and E.g. when wearing shoes made from it, this is very beneficial. at In terms of processing, this means that when cutting, when pinching, when punching of holes and the like, the direction in which e.g.

is cut, relative to the direction of the web, does not matter. at the processing of natural leather and synthetic leather or textile composites With anisotropic expansion behavior, on the other hand, the cutting direction plays a very decisive role Role. On the other hand, the areal isotropic expansion behavior of the invention Textile composite, that the material according to the invention can be worn when wearing e.g. shoes made from it not only adapt better and easier to the foot, but that the resilience both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction is approximately the same is.

The fact that the textile composite according to the invention on both sides is solidified with binder, makes the material in conjunction with the described mechanical properties particularly suitable for use as a shoe upper material, and especially for those sports and leisure shoes that are more common Contact with fresh or salt water should be permanent, but their softness, their flexibility and their elongation behavior in contrast to natural leather To maintain duration. These properties are particularly popular with windsurfing, Boat, sailing, soccer and handball shoes or boots are required. Above all Windsurf and soccer shoes or boots also get great from the inside heavily used. The textile composite according to the invention is also able to withstand these stresses grown in an excellent way, even when made from it Shoes also more or less often completely soaked from the inside with fresh or salt water should be.

The textile preparatory material according to the invention has high splitting strength, Tear resistance, tear resistance with low weight and relative large volume, and it is particularly resistant to bending, which makes the known textile composites frequently occurring buckling fractures are practically completely avoided.

The textile composite according to the invention also has all known advantages of coagulated Poromeric materials, e.g. water vapor permeability Water vapor storage capacity, air permeability, sweat absorption, a total good physiological wear behavior, and also has processing advantages such as softness, flexibility, even in the cold, cut edge strength, sharpenability, Seam strength, good HF deformability, etc. Another advantage of the invention Materials is its design option, ranging from very soft to relatively stiff Product classes can be set, and where the material according to known The process can be colored in almost any way using both piece and fiber coloring and can be designed in a variety of ways in terms of surface appearance.

Another essential advantage of the textile composite according to the invention consists in the direct injection molding of plastic shoe soles on both sides based on polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride allowed, with neither tapes as Injection aid can be sewn in between the sole and the upper material (= textile composite) the previously required pre-coating with Esaft mediators must still be required is. The adhesion between the textile composite that is used as the upper material and the PU or PVC sole is excellent. The shoe production is thereby considerably simplified because of the properties of the textile composite according to the invention and cheaper.

The textile composite according to the invention can not only be used as a shoe upper material, but also e.g. can be used as utensil material, eyelet material, insole material, outsole material for gymnastic shoes, but also for covering upholstered goods, for the production of handbag goods, in the field of motor vehicle interiors and, more generally, in the home textile sector. TABEL Example No. 1 2 5 textile textile textile textile textile textile Composite beam composite composite beam composite (End product) (end product) weight DIN 53352 [g / m²] 260 360 - 380 440 320 570 thickness DIN 53370 [mm] 1.8 - 1.9 1.4 1.8 2.0 - 2.2 1.8 Maturity DIN 53354 [N / 5cm] 1 700 1 900 1 1200 1 480 1 750 g 600 g 900 g 1100 g 110 g 1000 Elongation at break DIN 53354 [%] 1 55 1 70 1 70 1 50 1 58 g 65 g 80 g 80 g 87 g 83 Tensile strength din 53356 [N] 1 657 1 35 1 39 1 102 1 50 g 70 g 36 g 43 g 70 g 83 Puncture tear resistance DIN 53506 [N] 1 137 1 75 1 95 1 170 1 50 g 136 g 75 g 110 g 154 g 39 Static elongation [%] 1 11 - 14 - - 1 14 1 123 g 18 - 24 - - g 23 g 116 Lead bond elongation [%] 1 1.0 - - 1 2 - g 3.5 - - g 4.5 - Martindale abrasion against fabric - 15000 t (io) - - 15000 t (io) Water vapor permeability [mg / cm².h] - 7.5 3.0 - 11 Water absorption Method: FRIENDLY [%] - 180 210 - 202 Air permeability [l / h] - 60 2 - 68 Splitting strength when glued with commercial shoe glue [N / 5 cm] - 120 - - 160 Legend: 1 = lengthways; q = across

Claims (15)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Web-shaped textile composite made of a polymer coated or impregnated with the polymers commonly used for artificial leather textile composite carrier, the carrier made of a needle punched with a knitted fabric Fiber fleece, characterized in that the knitted fabric consists of filament yarn, whose fibers or filaments have a titer of 40 to 170 dtex, and that the knitted fabric was embedded between at least two fleece layers and with these from the Fleece side is needled. 2. Textile composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the fleece consists of fibers with a titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex. 3. Textile composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the fleece made of polyamide or polyester fibers, optionally with a proportion of viscose fibers. 4. Textile composite according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the knitted fabric has a velvet-fringe bond. 5. Textile composite according to one of claims 1 to 4, d a d u r c h e k e k e n n n n e i c h n e t that the knitted fabric has a weight per unit area of 50 to 150 g / m² and the fleece a surface has a weight of 60 to 300 g / m². 6. Textile composite according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the knitted fabric is embedded asymmetrically between the fleece layers. 7. Textile composite according to claim 6, characterized in that on one side of the knitted fabric two thirds, on the other side one third of the Fiber weight of the total fleece portion is needled. 8. Process for the preparation of a by the wet coagulation process sheet-like coated or impregnated with polymers commonly used for artificial leather Textile composite, in which a fiber fleece with a knitted fabric to form a textile composite carrier needled and this carrier is then coated or impregnated, thereby characterized in that a knitted fabric made of filament yarn is used, the fibers or Filaments decrease in titers from 40 to 170 dtex, and that the knitted fabric is on both sides is needled with at least one fiber fleece layer each from the fleece side. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a fleece is used, the fibers of which have a titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a fleece made of polyamide or polyester fibers, optionally with a proportion of Viscose fiber is used. 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in, that a knitted fabric in a velvet-fringe weave is used. 12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that that a knitted fabric with a surface weight from 50 to 150 g / m2 and a fleece with a weight per unit area of 60 to 300 g / m 2 is used. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that that a pre-needled fleece is used for the needling onto the knitted fabric. 14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in, that the textile composite carrier consisting of knitted fabric and fleece needled on both sides subjected to fine needling from both sides with at least 2 at least 150 stitches / cm each will. 15. Use of the according to the method according to any one of claims 8 up to 14 of the textile composite material produced as an upper material for sports and leisure shoes.