DE3029028A1 - Air-permeable, strong synthetic sausage skin - contg. fibre fleece coated with film-forming opt. hardenable-polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

Fibre fleece-reinforced synthetic sausage skins contain a fibre fleece having wet strength no less than 30 N and wet-elongation no less than 95%. In sausage skin mfr., the fibre fleece is coated with a film-forming, opt. hardenable polymer. The fibre fleece can consist of all flat fibre structures having wt./area 10-120 g/sq.m., e.g. (i) long natural and/or regenerated cellulose fibre paper opt. contg. synthetic fibres, (ii) cellulose and/or rayon and/or cotton and/or polyamide and/or polyester and/or polypropylene non-woven fibre felts opt. contg. an embedded net; (iii) polyamide polyester or polypropylene continuous filament random fleeces, bonded by a binder or by fusing. The sausage skin combines the breathing activity of a natural sausage skin with the strength and machine-workability of a cellulose sausage skin.

Description

Hose cover

High-quality raw sausage varieties are still made using the natural ripening process manufactured. They do not get their cut-resistant consistency from chemical additives, which enable rapid ripening, but through a long-term air drying and smoking process, in which the sausage meat loses about 1/3 of its weight and as a result of a Ripening or fermentation process is reddened and made durable. Frequently the process runs under a desired mold.

Fulfill the natural casings originally used for this purpose Although the requirements for raw sausage stripping, show some disadvantages The production of the sausage, such as fluctuating caliber diameters and lengths, is difficult Processing only by hand, low splash and clip resistance, holes and Damage; therefore the use of natural casings in modern, largely automated sausage production methods in meat factories problematic and practically impossible.

Also the modified natural casings, as they are called skin fiber casings and protein-coated fabric scaffolds can be offered After parts of the natural casings, especially in an automated, machine Sausage production, not completely eliminated.

The development of an artificial casing based on cellulose (regenerated cellulose with or without paper fiber reinforcement) enabled the large-caliber factory to be manufactured Sausage products with the help of automatic filling, portioning and cl.ip systems. While these sausage intestines are used for the production of raw sausage using the rapid ripening process are very well suited for the production of higher-quality raw sausage varieties according to the natural ripening process a higher water vapor diffusion and breathability is desired In addition, the relatively smooth surface does not always guarantee the full surface Colonized with noble mold.

In addition, so-called linen intestines, i.e. sewn-off bags are made from Nettle fabric, used. However, they are of no economic importance because they can only be used in the craft business and a number of others Bring disadvantages, such as insufficient shrinkage behavior and penetration of fat. Tubular sleeves made of non-woven nonwovens also bring out the same reasons no advantages.

There is, therefore, a need to create a funstum that will do the good Properties of natural casings in terms of breathability as well as those of cellulose artificial casings combined in terms of strength and machinability and also can be manufactured economically Surprisingly, this succeeded with the inventive, Synthetic intestinal casings reinforced with a fiber fleece, which are characterized by that it is a nonwoven fabric with a minimum wet strength of 30 N and a NaB elongation of 95% contained in the casing production with a film-forming, curable Polymer was coated.

In principle, all flat fiber structures are suitable as a fiber fleece with m weights between 10 and 120 g, such as: - Long fiber papers based on natural and / or regenerated cellulose fiber, optionally with the addition of synthetic Fibers - fiber fleeces, so-called non-wovens, based on cellulose and / or viscose wool and / or cotton and / or polyamide and / or polyester and / or polypropylene.

These nonwovens can also be combined with an embedded Network, a so-called fiber scrim, equipped.

- Spunbond nonwovens made from endlessly spun threads based on polyamide, Polyester, polypropylene, solidified by binding agents or by thermal means.

Spider pelts made from bis polyamide and polypropylene are particularly suitable. These spunbonded nonwovens, primarily those with: thermal bonding, have a function isotropic properties sufficient for their m² weight, i.e. uniform strength and stretching in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Due to the point-like attached thermal Spunbonded nonwovens of this type have a mesh-like structure, which allows a good impregnation with the coating solution and moreover a provides a fabric-like, rustic appearance.

In principle, all film-forming materials are used as coating materials Polymers suitable, which are dusted on as a powder and then thermally into a Film fused or as a coating in the form of a melt, solution, suspension or dispersion applied and filmed by a subsequent drying. For example, the following polymers are suitable: - Polyolefin powder of any grain size, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, with the desired breathability by the amount applied and by the degree of thermal welding is controlled.

- Aqueous dispersions of homopolymers or copolymers: of vinylidene chloride, Vinyl alcohol, acrylates and / or siloxanes with a solids content of 10 to 60%, preferably 25 to 30%.

- Moletularly disperse or colloidal solutions or suspensions of the following Polymers alone or in mixtures: salts and compounds of alginic acid; Cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and mixed ethers; Starch and its derivatives; Proteins such as collagens, gelatine, caseinates; Polyvinyl alcohol; Polysiloxane emulsions and suspensions.

In the case of water-soluble polymers, crosslinking should be achieved by adding common hardening agents, e.g.

by: aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde, dialdehydes, e.g. glutaraldehyde, Melamine-formaldehyde resins, fuel-formaldehyde resins, polyantine and / or polyamide-epichlorohydrin condensation products.

The curing can also be achieved by an appropriate treatment in the Gas phase take place.

The coating solution or dispersion can be used to increase the shelf life a suitable preservative, e.g. PHB ester, sorbic acid, can be added.

A combination of protein and Vinyl homopolymers or copolymers used in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30. Particularly an aqueous dispersion with a solids content of 10 to 15% by weight is preferred a 50/50 mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin was used.

The tubular casings according to the invention can be impregnated or Coating of the fiber structure with subsequent drying, tube and seam formation and packaging.

The impregnation or coating of the fiber material is preferred carried out according to methods known from paper and textile coating are.

The fiber fleece is coated in the original width. Included The immersion process is particularly suitable, in which the fiber web is passed through a trough containing the coating material in solution or dispersion. The excess is done by a suitable device, e.g. squeegee, squeegee roller or air brush, stripped off, at the same time ensuring good impregnation of the fleece material will. A double-sided application is achieved here. The order thickness is through the solids concentration, the viscosity, the speed (residence time in the tub) and adjusted by the Abstreifuny. It is also possible with help to be applied by rollers, as is the case with the coating process known from the paper industry (Kisscoat) a coating on one or both sides can be carried out.

With extrusion coating, the coating material is shaped a melt, solution or dispersion through a slot nozzle onto the passing Fiber web applied.

The amount applied is determined by the solids concentration and Viscosity of the coating mixture, the extrusion pressure, the slot width and the speed of the fiber web.

The coated fiber web is then usually dried. Included the temperature profile is based on the type of fiber structure (e.g. flow point of polymer fibers) such as the chemical composition of the coating material, e.g. to coordinate the required temperatures for the condensation of hardener components. As long as the coating compound is still in a liquid state, it must stick be avoided. For this reason, drying is preferably carried out without contact. In addition For example, drying shafts arranged vertically or horizontally arranged are suitable Drying channels in which the web is held laterally by clip chains and thus is prevented from shrinking. The heating can either be electric or gas-heated infrared emitters, hot air or high frequency.

As soon as the surface of the coated fleece has dried, Contact drying, e.g. via heated rollers, can be connected for post-condensation will.

The tube and seam formation can also be done in different ways be performed. The coated fibrous nonwoven web is preferably set to the useful width tailored. The individual panels are converted into a hose via a format shoulder with seam over lap formed, the seam being welded, Sewing, preferably by means of a so-called Uherwendling seam or gluing (commercially available suitable adhesives, e.g. based on polyurethane or acrylate, as well as hotmelt adhesives suitable machines).

Furthermore, a hose can be formed by two superimposed coated fleece webs in the original width are made that at certain intervals according to the desired caliber, these are glued or welded in strips be connected to each other.

In the middle of the weld is cut or welded through (T-ennschweiß) separated, so that flattened hoses with 2 side seams each develop.

The tubular casings according to the invention can be in commercially available form can be assembled.

It is also possible to save on hose assembly make the hose formation and processing (filling) in one operation. In this case, the coated nonwoven web is immediately in front of a roll processing with the help of suitable devices (tubular bag machine) glued, sewn or welded to a tube, then filled and sealed.

Depending on the intended use and wishes of the processor, the inventive Hose sleeves also in different colors by using either appropriately colored nonwoven materials or a using a coating composition provided with a suitable dye. Also one full-surface or partial printing of the hose covers with one from the processor desired color tone or print image can be made by a known printing process will.

Example 1 A thermally bonded polypropylene spunbond with an m weight of 50 g was applied with an aqueous coating material with 12% solids, consisting of 50% polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification 99%, medium viscosity) and 50% of a commercially available gelatin of medium gel hardness (approx. 120 Bloom) Addition of 1% hardener, based on the total mixture based on melamine / nformaldehyde resin coated.

0.1% of a commercially available wetting agent was added to the coating compound for better wetting of the fiber fleece as well as 2.5 t of glycerine to increase the suppleness added to the end product. The coating mixture had a viscosity of approx. 400 mPas. By heating it to approx. 40 "C, this was made easier for the job reduced to 220 mPas.

The coating was carried out by the dipping process, with the nonwoven web was passed through a tub with the coating compound. After passing the doctor blade wipers to remove excess coating material, drying was carried out in a contactless manner Condition in an IR shaft at shaft temperatures from 165 (inlet) to 2400C (Exit). The machine speed was 4 m / min.

Useful widths of 200 mm were cut from the coated nonwoven web. These were on a suitable Device for hoses from () 0 mm shaped, the gluing of the overlapped seam with a polyurethane-based adhesive was made. The tube obtained in this way was converted into a commercially available Conversion machine made sections of 50 cm length each with one-sided binding. Weltethin were tube lengths of 10 and 20 m processed into shirred sticks.

The tubular casings had the following properties: Weight per unit area 78 gZm according to DIN 53 104 breaking load lengthways / transversely 34/31 N / 15 mm according to DIN 53 112 elongation lengthways / crossways 100/109% # air permeability 34 l / m2, min, at 100 mm WS The sections were on a section filler, the shirred caterpillars on an automatic filling clip system filled with salami raw sausage meat. The sausages were both fast-maturing as well as finished with the natural maturation process with and without mold.

The tubular casings produced according to the invention could therefore in principle Processed according to traditionally and industrially customary sausage production methods will.

It should be noted as an advantage that a previous wash, such as it is absolutely necessary when processing other artificial casings can.

Due to the special properties of breathability resulted a good and even flow of ripening, drying and smoking of the raw sausage product, the finished sausages had a dry, not greased surface. The good smoke, combined with the transparency Properties of the shell with the faintly visible grid structure of the stored Fiber fleece, let the sausage shine through advantageously and gave the finished product Product an appealing, natural appearance. The shrinkback behavior of the The casing allowed the shrinking sausage meat to "go along" and was wrinkle-free Looping. When the finished sausages were cut, there was a cross-section Uniformly cut-resistant and good consistency of sausage meat. The peeling of the shell could effortlessly and without any noteworthy leftover meat.

Example 2 Using the same materials as in Example I, a One and two-sided coating carried out according to the kiss-coat method. the Removal of the excess coating material and the simultaneous smooth coat took place a) with mechanical doctor blades; h) with a wind brush.

The air permeability values could be increased by varying the wind brush pressure of the finished sausage casing in a range from 100 to 700 l / m², min at 100 mm WS can be varied.

The coating was applied in a combined dry process, consisting of infrared radiators, hot air and heated rollers.

The further treatment and processing of the coated nonwoven web corresponded to that of example 1.

The sausages produced with the finished casings also resulted in analogous ones Properties.

Example 3 Using the materials as in Example 1, a coating was made in the immersion process on a textile coating machine with horizontal non-contact Dry tunnel carried out. The coating application was carried out with an additional R.kel device equalized.

The coated fleece web was tilled laterally with clip chains stretched and thus guided through the drying tunnel. The temperature of the hot air was 140 to 1700C, the machine speed 10 to 15 m / min. The further processing the coated nonwoven web into sausage casings and the packaging was carried out as described in Example 1. The application-related assessment also led to the same Results.

Example 4 Following the procedure described in Example 1, several Spunbonded polyamide nonwovens consolidated with binders in weights per unit area of 20 to 50 g / m2 with dci in example. 1 coating mixture described equipped and processed into tubular casings according to the method described. The appearance of the casings and the sausages produced therein corresponded to those from Example 1, however, sith showed along the length when processing under real world conditions the sausage section is initially more widened, then tapered Caliber diameter. In this way club-shaped sausage products can be produced: ^, the appearance of the products from a craft production in Naturdarln to come close. The properties listed in Example 1 with regard to the ripening and The drying process and the peeling behavior are present in the same way Example 5 The process described in Example 1 was used to produce various random staple fiber webs based on cellulose / construction wool and polyamide / cellulose / cellulose wool, each with and without a coarse-meshed cotton scrim, finished with the coating mixture described and processed into tubular casings. The sausage products made in it exhibited a less transparent, opaque appearance and in the case of the incorporated Fibers have a net-like coarse structure that gives the sausage a "rustic" look awarded.

The other properties were as described in Example 1.

Example 6 In a further experiment, according to the example 3 described method, the nonwovens described in Example 5 with a commercial dispersion based on polyvinylidene chloride copolymers that can be used for paper coatings impregnated with a solids content of 25%. During the subsequent drying a partial film formation of the polymer takes place.

The values for air permeability could be determined by the amount applied between 10 and 30 g / m² can be varied and adjusted over a wide range.

The sausages produced in these tubular casings showed better results Transparency as specified in Example 5, with additional in the case of casings Fiber laid the coarse-meshed network structure was expressed even more advantageously. That Peeling behavior was practical.

Example 7 The method described in Example 1 was used to produce spunbonded polypropylene with various dispersions based on polyacrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol and acetate with solids contents of 10 to 30 8 impregnated. It was found that in particular polyacrylates lead to a stronger solidification and a decrease Lead elasticity of the coated nonwoven fabric. It is therefore appropriate to use the Strength and elongation properties of the film-forming polymer coating those to match the fleece used. Depending on the choice of nonwoven fabric and the this Adapted coating mixture can use the elastic Properties of the finished hose cover according to the practical processing conditions can be varied

Claims (1)

Patent claim Synthetic intestinal casings reinforced with fiber fleece, thereby characterized in that it is a nonwoven fabric with a minimum wet strength of 30 N and contain a minimum elongation of 95%, the nonwoven fabric being used in the casing production was coated with a film-forming, optionally curable polymer.