DE2750602A1 - TABLE FOR THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY - Google Patents

Description

TELEPHONE: 55547 «8000 M 0 N C H E N 2,

TELEGRAMS: KARPATENT MATH I LD EN STRASS E 12 TELEX: 52? 068 KARPO

W. 42 967/77 zi / ui Nov. 11, 1977

INDUSTRY PIRELLI SpA,
Milan Italy

TABLE FOR USING THE SONNI ¹ JiENERGIE

The invention relates to a panel for utilizing solar energy and, more particularly, relates to a panel which converts solar energy into thermal energy that can be removed from the table.

Numerous types of panels for utilizing solar energy have been proposed. In practice However, all known boards have not found widespread use on the market because the boards are fragile and expensive and are not very versatile.

It is therefore the aim and purpose of the invention to provide a panel for utilizing solar energy, which the Solar energy into a low energy energy that can be transported away from the table converts and is extremely effective, very cheap and extremely simple in construction, so that no special Experts required for the installation and maintenance of the panels.

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are borrowed.

The table according to the invention for utilizing solar energy is characterized by a plate made of black, elastomeric or plastomeric material, in which at least a channel parallel to the surfaces of the plate is provided, projections on the edges of the plate, which protrude from one side of the plate, a flat structure supported on the projections made of one for the sunlight permeable material to create a closed air space, and a conduit connected to each end of the channel is in communication.

In the following, some exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to drawings:

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a partial length of a Embodiment of the board according to the invention

Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the panel shown in Fig. 1 along the line II-II in Fig. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a cross section through that shown in FIG Table along the line III-III in Fig. 1,

FIG. 4 shows a cross section similar to FIG. 3 through a modification of the board according to the invention,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a partial length

a further modification of the table according to the invention

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FIG. 6 shows a cross section through that shown in FIG Table along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5, and

FIG. 7 shows a cross section through that shown in FIG Table along the line VII-VII in FIG. 5.

A board according to the invention generally has:

a plate made of black, elastomeric material in which at least one channel running parallel to the surfaces of the plate is provided;

Profiles on the sides of the plate made of elastomeric material, which protrude from one side of the plate;

a disc made of a material permeable to sunlight, the edges of which protrude from the plate Profiles is supported to form a closed air space;

a conduit at each end of the channel which opens into the conduit, the conduits to the outside stay in contact;

Means for varying the flexibility of the panel in the direction of the axes of the channels.

For the production of an embodiment of the board according to the invention, that is to say for the production of one in the foregoing The aforementioned plate made of elastomeric material with at least one channel is a plate produced by extrusion in particular suitable.

In the figures 1, 2 and 3 a particular embodiment of a board according to the invention is shown.

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As can be seen from the figures mentioned above, the panel comprises a plate made of black, elastomeric material which consists of several profile sections 1, which are connected side by side.

Each profile section 1 represents a cut-to-length web of a black, elastomeric material obtained by extrusion represents, in which several channels 2 are provided, which run parallel to the surfaces of the profile section. The axes of the channels 2 run parallel to one another and lie in one plane. The properties of the channels will be discussed later explained in more detail.

In the profile section 1, some threads or ropes 3 are also provided, which lie in one plane and parallel to one another get lost. The threads or ropes 3 are embedded in the mixture of the elastomeric material forming the profile section 1 in such a way that that they run parallel to the axes of the channels and are in the vicinity of the surface 4 of the profile section 1.

The edges parallel to the axes of the channels of the profile section 1 have ribs 5 »which protrude from the surface 6 of the profile section 1.

The ribs or profiles 5 have a transverse to their head extension running cut in the form of a right-angled tape, with the smaller base on the surface 6 of the profile section 1 and the side running at right angles to the bases in the extension of side 7 of the profile section 1 is located.

As mentioned above, some are profile sections 1 joined together side by side to form the top of the board. For this purpose, the profile Hb ;; cuts are made 1 with their sides 7 side by side next to each other

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arranged. The sides 7 of the profile sections 1 are those Sides that are parallel to the axes of the channels. If two profile sections 1 side by side next to each other are arranged (see FIG. 2), the profiles 5 belonging to two profile sections form a dovetail Rib.

The dovetail rib is also in one dovetail-shaped recess 8 in a prism-shaped Bar 9 housed made of elastomeric material. In this way, the connection of two side by side Profile sections 1 achieved.

In the part of the prism-shaped rod 9 »which from Profile section 1 is furthest away, two slots 1o are provided which form the edges of a disk 11 from a material permeable to sunlight aufneh men to an air space 12 between the profile section 1 and to form the disks 11. The material that is permeable to sunlight is referred to below as transparent Material referred to.

At each edge of each profile section 1 running at right angles to the axes of the channels 2 there is both a clamping or sealing system 13 as well as a line 14 provided. The line 14 is inserted between the shells of the profile sections 1 and runs at right angles to the axes of the channels 2. Each line 14 has some openings 15 in its walls, one opening each located at one end of each channel.

Each clamping or sealing system 13 has an L-shaped Section 16 with a flange 17 and a web 18 on. A displaceable plate 19 is arranged along the web 18. The flange 17 of the L-shaped section 16 and

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the plates 19 have some through holes 2o into which some screw bolts 21 can be inserted. Each
The clamping or sealing system also has a prism-shaped element 22 made of elastomeric material which is provided with a groove 23.

The above-described clamping or sealing system 13 forms together with the number of the profile section 1 embedded threads or ropes 3 a special embodiment of the device with which the flexibility of the panel according to the invention changeable in the direction of the axes of the channels is.

In Fig. 3 an embodiment of the panel according to the invention is shown in a state in which the device to change the flexibility of the board acts in such a way that the board is stiffened.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the prism-shaped element 22 is arranged between the plate 19 and the flange 17 of the L-shaped section 16. The edges of the disk 11 made of transparent material are supported in the prism-shaped element 22. In addition, the edges of the profile section 1 are located between the flange 17 of the L-shaped section 16 and the prism-shaped element 22. The screw bolts 21 then clamp the elements described above between them. Therefore, if the profile section 1 with
its embedded threads 3 and the disc of transparent material are connected to one another, can be a
Double layer, ie achieve a stiff structure.

In Fig. 4 an embodiment of the panel according to the invention is shown in a state in which the device to change the flexibility of the panel acts so that the panel has flexibility. The frofiling section 1

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2 7 5 ΰ ö ü 2

and the sheets of transparent material are not connected to each other in this case, so that they can be freely deformed can.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, only that end of the profile section running at right angles to the axes of the channels is arranged between the flange 17 of the L-shaped section 16 and the plate 19. Clamp the screw bolts 21 the flange 17 and the plate 19 fixed. The prism-shaped element 22 is supported on the plate 19.

5, 6 and 7 show a further embodiment of a panel according to the invention.

As can be seen from Figures 5> 6 and 7, the Board a profile section 24, which the profile section 1 is similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-4. The profile section 24 consists of a mixture of one elastoraeren material and has several channels 25 whose Axes lie in one plane and run parallel to each other. The properties of the channels 25 will be discussed in more detail later explained. In the profile section 24 several threads or ropes 26 are embedded, which in the vicinity of the surface 27 of the Profile section lie. Also on the edges of the profile section 24 running parallel to the axes of the channels 25 projections 28 are provided which have the shape of a right-angled trapezoid and from the surface 29 of the profile section protrude to form a dovetail-shaped rib when two profile sections 24 side by side and are in contact along an edge running parallel to the axes of the channels.

The dovetail rib is in one also dovetail-shaped groove 3o in a prisra-shaped Rod 51 made of a mixture of an elastoraeren

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ΛΑ

The side 32 of the prism-shaped rod 31, which is of the Profile sections is furthest away, has a slot 33, which with a cavity 34 in the prismatic Rod communicates. A rod 35 is accommodated in the cavity 34. A disc, a slide or a Sheet material 36 made of a plastic material permeable to sunlight is between the tops of the adjacent ones Prism-shaped rods 31 connecting profile sections are arranged and runs by wrapping around rod 35 through the slots 33.

On the edges of the profile sections running at right angles to the axes of the channels are profile pieces 37 provided (see Pig. 7). Each profile piece 37 has in a transverse to its longitudinal direction the section Shape of an E and has a web 38 and three flanges 39.4o and 41 on. The edge of the profile section running at right angles to the channels 25 is between the flanges 39 and 4o inserted and sealed. The insertion and sealing of the profile section takes place with the help of known ones Measures, for example by gluing. Insertion and sealing takes place in such a way that a line 42 is created into which the channels open. On the flange 41 of the E-shaped profile piece 37, the edges of the flexible sheet-like structure 36 are made of one for sunlight permeable plastic material, which is referred to below as transparent plastic material is referred to.

As mentioned above, the channels of a panel according to the invention have important properties, which help to achieve the object and purpose of the invention.

The channels have a square shape in a section running transversely to their longitudinal direction, with two sides

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are parallel to the surfaces of the profile section. The thickness of the elastomeric material that the channels of the the surface of the section facing the air space separates, is between 0.3 and 3 πιπί, preferably between 0.5 and 1.2 mm, so that the material is elastically deformable. The dimensions of each channel in the direction of the thickness of the Profile section are between 2 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm. These dimensions were experimental certainly. The thickness of the walls separating the adjacent channels was also determined experimentally. This thickness lies between 0.3 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm.

The channels have no critical dimensions in the direction running to the surfaces of the profile section, There are also no critical values for the thickness of the elastic material between the channels and the surface of the Profile section that is not facing the airspace.

The operation of a board according to the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

The board is arranged so that the sunlight hits the sheet of transparent material. A pressurized flow medium, for example water, is passed through one of the two lines 14. The flow medium flows from the line 14 into the channel 2 and exits through the other line 14 Blackboard off.

When the flow medium enters the channel, there occurs a deformation of the walls _f separate the channels from the surface 6 of the panel, this surface then assumes a waveform which is the surface which has the best energy absorption, as determined in experiments became.

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The energy of the incident solar radiation occurs through the sheet of transparent material and reaches the surface 6 of the profile section. These incident solar energy causes the material to heat up of the profile section. The heat is transferred to the flow medium flowing through the channels, so that the flow medium is heated. The air in the air space causes thermal insulation of the profile section, whereby heat losses through conduction and convection are avoided. The flat structure made of transparent material (Glass) prevents heat loss in ^ orm from infrared Radiant energy emanating from the profile section, as the sheet-like structure made of transparent material for the infrared rays is impermeable (greenhouse effect).

There were experiments with a board according to the invention carried out. A panel made up of two profile sections was used for the tests. The one used for the experiments Tafel had the following data:

Length of each profile section 2.5 m

Width of each profile section 0.5 m

Number of channels 5o

Thickness of the separation layer between the channel and the surface on which the sunlight struck. 1 mm

Thickness of the separating layer between two adjacent channels 2 mm

Distance between the glass and the surface of the profile section on which the sunlight hit 2.5 cm

Thickness of the glass 4 mm

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total board surface on which the sunlight hit

2.5

The following mixture of an elastomeric material can used for example to produce the profile sections will:

Neoprene W Neoprene WB

Sulfur di-o-tolyl guanadine Tetramethylthiourea monosulfate Stearic acid lamp black FEF heavy gasoline plasticizer Antioxidants

7o Parts by weight 3o Parts by weight 5 Parts by weight 4th Parts by weight from 0.5 to 1.5 Parts by weight 1 Proposed part nosulfate o, 5 Part by weight 1 Part by weight 6o Parts by weight 1o Parts by weight 2 Parts by weight

For example, another mixture of an elastomeric material can also be used for the production of profile sections can be used with the following composition:

EPDM 1oo Parts by weight ZnO 5 Parts by weight sulfur 1.5 Parts by weight Mercaptobenzothiazole 1.5 Parts by weight Tetramethylthiourea monosulfate o, 5 Part by weight Stearic acid 1 Part by weight Heavy fuel oil 3o Parts by weight Russ FEF 8o Parts by weight Antioxidants 1 Part by weight

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Experiments have been carried out in which water with 27 ° C and a throughput of 33o g / min was introduced into the panel according to the invention. It was noon one summer day used for the experiments.

The experiments had the following results:

Temperature of the water at the outlet end 80 C

total absorbed energy 124o W

absorbed energy per unit area 492 W / m

Efficiency 62 #

From the following considerations it becomes clear that it is possible with a panel according to the invention that to achieve the goals set.

As can be seen from the description of the panels according to the invention, the panels are obtained in that several prefabricated elements can be connected to one another by extremely simple means. The prefabricated elements can have any length. In this way it is possible to produce a board with any shape and any dimensions to manufacture. This fact gives the table considerable versatility. This versatility is increased by that means are provided for changing the rigidity of the panel. In this way it is possible with one and the same board to cover a coherent area that is not flat and level, but for example is wavy, or to use the board directly as a cover without the need for a continuous support surface is.

The simplicity of the elements that make up the board also makes it possible for the boards to be used by people can be laid and serviced without training.

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Finally, the board according to the invention has one high efficiency, as the above-mentioned test results show.

In the above, some embodiments of the Table described according to the invention. However, it is assumed that all possible variations that appear in find the industrial technology entrance, are within the scope of the present invention. In particular, it is assumed that also sheets made of a plastic material other than elastomeric material and also sheets without the flat structure made of transparent material are included within the scope of the invention, even if the panels without the sheet made of clear material obviously have a lower efficiency.

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Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS ^ for the utilization of solar energy, characterized by a plate made of black, elastomer or plastomer Material in which at least one channel (2,25) running parallel to the surfaces of the plate is provided; Protrusions (5,28) on the edges of the plate which protrude from one side of the plate; one on the ledges (5,28) supported planar structure (11,36) made of a material that is permeable to sunlight, around a closed one To form air space (12); and a conduit (14,42) communicating with each end of the channel (2,25). 2. Board according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate consists of several, arranged side by side Profile sections (1) made of elastomeric or plastomeric material and each profile section (1) with several channels (2.25) is provided, which is parallel to the surfaces of the profile sections (1) and to the contact edges of the adjacent Profile sections run, and that the channels (2.25) parallel axes lying in one plane and the edges of each profile section (1) running parallel to the channels (2, 25) have projections (5, 28) form, which protrude from one side of the profile section (1) and the flat structure (I1,36) from one for the sunlight Support permeable material. 3. Table according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by means (5,23,13) for changing the flexibility the blackboard. 809821/0768 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 2 7 5 over over over 2 4. Panel according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer of elastomeric or plastomeric material, v: elches the channels (2.25) protruding from the surface of the profile section (1) with r ^ en and that projections (5, 28) carrying transparent sheet-like structures are separated, an elastically deformable layer. 5. Board according to claim 4, characterized in that Thickness of the elastically deformable layer zv; i see 0.3 mm and is 3 mm. 6. Panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of the elastically deformable layer is preferably is between 0.5 mm and 1.2 mm. 7 · Board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the thickness of the material which separates two adjacent channels (2.25) is between 0.3 nra and 3 mra lies. 8. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the thickness of the ela ^ tomeren material, which separates two adjacent channels (2.25) from one another, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1 mm. 9. Panel according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that c * 3SS the device for changing the flexibility of the panel several threads or ropes (5,2G) embedded in the elastomeric material of an iodine profile section (1) and a clamping system ( 13), which is arranged on the sides of a profile section, v / which run at right angles: u the axes of the channels (2, 25). 809821/0768 1o. Panel according to claim 9, characterized by the clamping system having an L-section (16), a plate (19) slidably attached to the web (18) of the L-section (16), several screw bolts (21) for Clamp a plate (19) and ⁵ <^ the flange (17) <* the L-section (16) and a
having prism-shaped element (22) made of elastomeric material. 809821/076 «