DE2324658B2 - Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebe - Google Patents
Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebeInfo
- Publication number
- DE2324658B2 DE2324658B2 DE19732324658 DE2324658A DE2324658B2 DE 2324658 B2 DE2324658 B2 DE 2324658B2 DE 19732324658 DE19732324658 DE 19732324658 DE 2324658 A DE2324658 A DE 2324658A DE 2324658 B2 DE2324658 B2 DE 2324658B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- insulating body
- probe
- electrodes
- electrode
- hemispherical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1485—Probes or electrodes therefor having a short rigid shaft for accessing the inner body through natural openings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/30—Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00184—Moving parts
- A61B2018/00196—Moving parts reciprocating lengthwise
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
40
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Sonde zum Koagulieren von Körpergewebe, bestehend aus zwei an
die Pole einer HF-Stromquelle anzuschließenden, durch einen Isolierkörper voneinander getrennten, im distalen
Endbereich eines Sondenschaftes vorgesehenen Elektroden, die mit dem Isolierkörper einen Zylinder mit
halbkugeligem distalem Abschluß bilden.
Um bei der Koagulation von Körpergewebe unkontrollierbare Stromübergänge bei der sogenannten
monopolaren H F-Koagulation zwischen einer kleinflächigen Elektrode und einer großflächigen Massenelektrode
zu vermeiden, ist man schon dazu übergegangen, die beiden Elektroden gleicher Fläche am distalen Ende
einer Koagulationssonde durch eine Isolierung voneinander getrennt anzuordnen und an die Pole einer
HF-Stromquelle anzuschließen, um dadurch kurze Strompfade zwischen den Elektroden und eine direkte
Koagulation zwischen ihnen zu erreichen.
Man ist dabei z.B. nach der US-PS 19 83 669 so vorgegangen, daß zwei schraubenförmig gewundene
Drähte mit einer Isolierschicht zwischen sich die Elektroden am distalen Sondenende bilden.
Dadurch können auf der ganzen Länge des Sondenkopfes Stromübergänge zwischen den Elektroden
und damit an nicht gewünschten Körperstellen auftreten, so daß dadurch keine gezielte Koagulation
durchführbar ist.
Man hat nach der US-PS 16 41 184 den aus Isoliermaterial bestehenden Sondenkopf schon zylindrisch
mit halbkugeligem distalen Abschluß ausgebildet und in den Umfang des Kopfes zwei schraubenförmig
über die Kopflänge verlaufende Elektroden eingebettet, um durch diese Formgebung Verletzungen beim
Einführen der Sonde in Körperhöhlen zu vermeiden. Auch in diesem Fall sind keine gezielten Koagulationen
durchführbar, da die Berührungsflächen am Körpergewebe in der Körperhöhle nicht genau genug zu
bestimmen sind.
In den bekannten Fällen ist auch die Herstellung der Koagulationssonden besonders schwierig und ungenau
und man ist nicht in der Lage, Elektroden unterschiedlicher Flächen gegeneinander auszutauschen.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bei Koagulationssonden der eingangs erwähnten Art mit
zwei an die Pole einer HF-Stromquelle anzuschließenden Elektroden eine einfache Serienfertigung und
genaue Montage mit gezielter Koagulation zu ermöglichen.
Dies wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die eine Elektrode als Ringelektrode ausgebildet ist und mit
einem ringförmigen Isolierkörper und einer halbkugeligen Elektrode mit zapfenförmigen Ansätzen zusammensetzbar
ist oder dadurch, daß der halbkugelige distale Abschluß aus einem Isolierkörper besteht und
beide Elektroden als Ringelektroden mit einem ringförmigen Isolierkörper zwischen sich ausgebildet
sind und alle Teile durch zapfenförmige Ansätze zusammensetzbar sind.
Damit hat man es in der Hand, die beiden Elektroden mit der Isolierung in Serie herzustellen und in einfacher
Weise exakt zu montieren. Dabei ist es möglich, die Elektrodenflächen und damit den Grad der Koagulation
im Bereich der Elektroden unterschiedlich zu machen, so daß dadurch je nach Wunsch die Stromdichte an
einer Elektrode größer ist als an der anderen Elektrode, so daß damit die Möglichkeit besteht, die eine oder
andere Elektrode mehr oder weniger stark in den Koagulationsvorgang einzubeziehen, womit genau
gezielte Koagulationen durchführbar sind. Zusätzlich wird durch die Erfindung erreicht, daß Verletzungen in
der Körperhöhle beim Einführen der Sonde in bekannter Weise vermieden werden und daß punktförmige
Koagulationen durch die verhältnismäßig kleinen Durchmesser und den geringen Elektrodenabstand
durchführbar sind, oder es können kleinste zu koagulierende Gewebeteile mit den beiden Elektroden
in Koniakt gebracht werden, um z. B. unter hoher Stromdichte Blutungen im Koagulieren von Eileitern,
bei der Leberbiopsie od. dgl. zu stillen.
In der Zeichnung sind einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt und werden nachstehend
beschrieben.
Es zeigt:
F i g. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Koagulationsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung,
F i g. 7. einen Schnitt durch das distale Ende einer weiteren Vorrichtung,
Fig.3; einen Schnitt durch das distale Ende einer
anderen möglichen Ausführungsform
Die Vorrichtung besteht aus einem flexiblen oder starren Schaft 1, durch den die beiden elektrischen
Versorgungsleitungen 2, 3 verlaufen, die distalseitig jeweils mit den beiden Elektroden und proxima'seitig
mit den metallischen Steckerpolen 4 und 5 durch Lötung
oder auf andere Weise verbunden sind. Zwischen den Steckerpolen befindet sich eine Buchse 6 aus isolierendem
Kunststoff. Der Schaft 1 faßt eng über eine Absetzung des äußeren Steckerpols 4 und kann mit
diesem durch Verkleben, Aufschrumpfen oder auf andere beliebige Weise verbunden sein. Die Steckerteile
4, 5 und 6 sind über die in der Zeichnung angedeuteten Gewinde fest miteinander verschraubt und bilden einen
Stecker, der in einen entsprechenden Anschluß des HF-Versorgungsgerätes bzw. in einen von diesem
Gerät kommende Steckdose gesteckt werden kann. Ie nach Anschlußart kann der Stecker auch abweichend
von der Darstellung nach Fig. 1 als negativer Steckeranschluß ausgebildet sein. Im übrigen können
entsprechende Stecker- und Anschlußteile auch für die ,5
in den übrigen Darstellungen gezeigten Vorrichtungen verwendet werden, so daß sich diesbezüglich eine
Wiederholung der Darstellung und Beschreibung erübrigt.
Gemäß F i g. 1 ist das äußerste distale und aus 2Ü
Kunststoff hergestellte Vorrichtungsendte:' 7 unter anderem zur Vermeidung von Gewebeverletzungen
ballig geformt. Die beiden Elektroden 8 und 9 sind als Ringkörper ausgebildet, die durch ein Distanzstück 10
aus Isoliermaterial auf Abstand gehalten werden. Weiterhin weisen das Distanzstück und die beiden
Elektroden entsprechend der Darstellung sich gegenseitig abstützende und ineinandergreifende Ansätze und
Schultern auf, wodurch sie in ihrer Einbaulage relativ zur Vorrichtungslängsachse 11 fixiert werden. Das
Endteil 7 ist mit einem Gewindeansatz 7a in eine Gewindebohrung des Distanzstücks 10 geschraubt,
während das Distanzstück wiederum mit einem Gewindesatz 10a in eine Gewindebohrung der Elektrode
9 geschraubt ist, die am Umfang abgesetzt ist, um das hohle distale Ende des Schaftes 1 über die Absetzung
schieben zu können. Eine sichere Verbindung zwischen den Teilen 1 und 9 kann durch zusätzliche Anwendung
eines Klebemittels gewährleistet werden.
Die jeweils an das zu koagulierende Körpergewebe anzulegenden Bereiche der Elektroden 8 und 9 stellen
sich als Zylinderflächen 8a, 9a dar, deren Achse mit der Vorrichtungsachse 11 zusammenfällt. Man erkennt, daß
die von den Abmessungen des Distanzstücks 10 bestimmte Strecke zwischen den beiden Elektroden
kurz ist, was zu den eingangs erwähnten Vorteilen führt. Der Durchmesser des distalen Vorrichtungskopfes und
damit der Elektroden kann, wenn die Vorrichtung als Sonde in Verbindung mit einem Endoskop verwendet
wird, beispielsweise zwei bis fünf mm betragen, obwohl diese Angabe keine Bindung an die erwähnten Maße
beinhalten soli. Deutlich werden soll hierdurch nur, daß der wirksame Abstand zwischen den Elektrodenflächen
8a und 9a tatsächlich äußerst gering gehalten werden kann, wenn man dieses wünscht.
Bei den in den F i g. 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsformen ist übereinstimmend die eine, das distale
Vorrichtungsende bildende Elektrode 12 bzw. 13 als balliger Kopf bzw. im wesentlichen halbkugelförmig
ausgebildet, während die andere Elektrode 14 bzw. 15 wieder durch einen Ringkörper dargestellt wird, dessen
an das Körpergewebe anzulegender Bereich wie beim Ausführungsbeispie! nach F i g. 1 eine Zylinderfiäche
hat, deren Achse mit der Vorrichtungslängsachse 11 zusammenfällt. Beide Elektroden 12, 14 bzw. 13, 15
werden durch ein Distanzstück 16 bzw. 17 aus Isoliermaterial auf Abstand gehalten und stehen im
übrigen mit dem Distanzstück über verschraubte und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmende Gewinde in Verbindung.
Gemäß Fig. 2 ist die ballige Elektrode 12 mit einem
Gewindeansatz in die Gewindebohrung des Distanzstückes 16 eingeschraubt, während die Ringelektrode 14
auf eine Absetzung des Distanzstückes geschoben ist. Weiterhin ist das Distanzstück in ein Isolierteil 18
geschraubt, das mit dem Schaft 1 dadurch in Verbindung gebracht ist, daß das distale hohle Schattende über eine
Absetzung des Isolierteils 18 geschoben und dort mit diesem mittels eines Klebers od. dgl. verbunden ist.
Bei der Ausführung nach F i g. 3 ist die als Ringkörper ausgebildete Elektrode 15 am Außenumfang abgesetzt,
während das distale Schaftende auf diese Absetzung geschoben und dort durch ein Klebemittel fixiert ist.
Abschließend sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß die sowohl zur Behandlung vor Menschen als auch von
Tieren geeignete Vorrichtung einerseits als Sonde verwendet werden kann, und zwar in Kombination mit
Endoskopen. Das Endoskop weist zu diesem Zweck einen Sondenkanal auf, durch den das Gerät vom
proximalen Ende aus eingeführt und durch den Endoskopschaft hindurch an den Behandlungsort
geführt werden kann. Andererseits kann man die Vorrichtung natürlich auch so ausbilden, daß sie
unabhängig von Endoskopen verwendbar ist, indem sie mit dem distalen Ende direkt an den Behandlungsort
gebracht wird. In diesem Falle wird man den Vorrichtungsschaft relativ starr ausführen können.
Dieser Weg schließt natürlich nicht die Möglichkeit aus, daß man den Koagulationsvorgang mit einem Endoskop
beobachten kann, das durch einen zweiten Einstich in die Körperhöhle eingeführt wird.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (4)
1. Sonde zum Koagulieren von Körpergewebe, bestehend aus zwei an die Pole einer HF-Stromquelle
anzuschließenden, durch einen Isolierkörper voneinander getrennten, im distalen Endbereich
eines Sondenschaftes vorgesehenen Elektroden, die mit dem Isolierkörper einen Zylinder mit halbkugeligem
distalem Abschluß bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Elektrode als Ringelektrode
(14, 15) ausgebildet ist und mit einem ringförmigen Isolierköper (16, 17) und einer
halbkugeligen Elektrode (12,13) mit zapfenförmigen Ansätzen (18,18a^zusammensetzbar ist.
2. Sonde zum Koagulieren von Körpergewebe, bestehend aus zwei an die Pole einer HF-Stromquelle
anzuschließenden, durch einen Isolierkörper voneinander getrennten, im distalen Endbereich
eines Sondenschaftes vorgesehenen Elektroden, die mit dem Isolierkörper einen Zylinder mit halbkugeligern
distalem Abschluß bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der halbkugelige distale Abschluß aus
einem Isolierkörper (7) besteht, und beide Elektroden als Ringelektroden (8,9) mit einem ringförmigen
Isolierkörper (10) zwischen sich ausgebildet sind und alle Teile durch zapfenförmige Ansätze (7a, iOa)
zusammensetzbar sind.
3. Sonde nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zapfenförmigen Ansätze
Gewindezapfen sind.
4. Sonde nach Anspruch 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die halbkugelige Elektrode (12)
mit einem Gewindezapfen in eine Gewindebohrung des Isolierkörpers (16) geschraubt ist, daß die
Ringelektrode (14) auf eine Abstufung des Isolierkörpers (16) geschoben ist und der Isolierkörper in
einen Isolierteil (18) geschraubt ist, der mit einer Abstufung in das distale Schaftende eingesetzt ist.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732324658 DE2324658B2 (de) | 1973-05-16 | 1973-05-16 | Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebe |
GB1311576A GB1461810A (en) | 1973-05-16 | 1974-05-13 | Device for coagulating areas of body tissue by means of high frequency current |
GB2114474A GB1461809A (en) | 1973-05-16 | 1974-05-13 | Coagulating devices |
US470010A US3920021A (en) | 1973-05-16 | 1974-05-15 | Coagulating devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732324658 DE2324658B2 (de) | 1973-05-16 | 1973-05-16 | Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2324658A1 DE2324658A1 (de) | 1974-12-05 |
DE2324658B2 true DE2324658B2 (de) | 1977-06-30 |
Family
ID=5881058
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732324658 Withdrawn DE2324658B2 (de) | 1973-05-16 | 1973-05-16 | Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3920021A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2324658B2 (de) |
GB (2) | GB1461809A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3916161A1 (de) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Elektrochirurgisches instrument |
Families Citing this family (443)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3987795A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1976-10-26 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices having sesquipolar electrode structures incorporated therein |
US4043342A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1977-08-23 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices having sesquipolar electrode structures incorporated therein |
CH587664A5 (de) * | 1974-09-05 | 1977-05-13 | Fischer Fa F L | |
NL7504321A (nl) * | 1975-04-11 | 1976-10-13 | Philips Nv | Inrichting voor sterilisatie door middel van transuteriene tubacoagulatie. |
US4054143A (en) * | 1975-04-26 | 1977-10-18 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Single-pole coagulation forceps |
US4005714A (en) * | 1975-05-03 | 1977-02-01 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Bipolar coagulation forceps |
DE2521719C2 (de) * | 1975-05-15 | 1985-06-20 | Delma, Elektro- Und Medizinische Apparatebaugesellschaft Mbh, 7200 Tuttlingen | Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung |
DE2525982C3 (de) * | 1975-06-11 | 1978-03-09 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Schneidelektrode für Resektoskope |
US4034762A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-07-12 | Electro Medical Systems, Inc. | Vas cautery apparatus |
US4074718A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1978-02-21 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument |
DE2642489C3 (de) * | 1976-09-22 | 1979-04-19 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Unipolare Koagulationszange |
US4202337A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1980-05-13 | Concept, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical knife |
JPS5552748A (en) * | 1978-10-12 | 1980-04-17 | Olympus Optical Co | Highhfrequency incising tool |
US4418692A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1983-12-06 | Guay Jean Louis | Device for treating living tissue with an electric current |
DE2926744C3 (de) * | 1979-07-03 | 1982-02-25 | Rainer Ing.(grad.) 7800 Freiburg Koch | Koagulationssonde |
US4311145A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1982-01-19 | Neomed, Inc. | Disposable electrosurgical instrument |
SE422885B (sv) * | 1980-04-11 | 1982-04-05 | Ursus Konsult Ab | Elektrodanordning |
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US6024733A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-02-15 | Arthrocare Corporation | System and method for epidermal tissue ablation |
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US10485566B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-11-26 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Forceps with tissue stop |
AU2019335013A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2021-03-25 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Electrosurgical generator control system |
AU2019381617A1 (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2021-05-20 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Electrosurgical system |
US11090050B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2021-08-17 | Covidien Lp | Trigger mechanisms for surgical instruments and surgical instruments including the same |
EP4027912A4 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2023-08-16 | Relievant Medsystems, Inc. | Systeme und verfahren zur gewebemodulation |
US12082876B1 (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2024-09-10 | Relievant Medsystems, Inc. | Introducer drill |
RU206775U1 (ru) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-09-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский государственный технический университет имени Гагарина Ю.А." (СГТУ имени Гагарина Ю.А.) | Электрод для электрокоагуляции биологических тканей |
WO2022140712A1 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-30 | Relievant Medsystems, Inc. | Prediction of candidates for spinal neuromodulation |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US452220A (en) * | 1891-05-12 | gunning | ||
US164184A (en) * | 1875-06-08 | Improvement in vesicular electrodes | ||
US1908583A (en) * | 1929-09-13 | 1933-05-09 | Reinhold H Wappler | Diathermic electrode |
US1983669A (en) * | 1933-04-19 | 1934-12-11 | Gen Electric X Ray Corp | Electrode |
US2275167A (en) * | 1939-04-26 | 1942-03-03 | Bierman William | Electrosurgical instrument |
US3163165A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1964-12-29 | Islkawa Humio | Uterotube-closing instrument |
US3152590A (en) * | 1961-04-27 | 1964-10-13 | Zurdo Manuel Rodriguez | Instrument for the depilation of superfluous hair |
GB1286075A (en) * | 1968-09-20 | 1972-08-16 | Dietmar Rudolf Garbe | Incontinence control |
-
1973
- 1973-05-16 DE DE19732324658 patent/DE2324658B2/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1974
- 1974-05-13 GB GB2114474A patent/GB1461809A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-13 GB GB1311576A patent/GB1461810A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-15 US US470010A patent/US3920021A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3916161A1 (de) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Elektrochirurgisches instrument |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1461810A (en) | 1977-01-19 |
US3920021A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
DE2324658A1 (de) | 1974-12-05 |
GB1461809A (en) | 1977-01-19 |
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