DE2106641C3 - Propellant gas generator for gas turbines - Google Patents

Description

1st bar

Admission of air or air / gas mixture from the low-pressure accumulator assigned to the low-pressure compressor;
isothermal combustion; 2nd bar

6th stroke compressing to the pressure in which the high-pressurever j

Discharge of the exhaust gases into the high pressure accumulator (8). 45 more densely associated high-pressure accumulator;

3rd bar

Inlet of air or air / exhaust gas mixture from the]

Low pressure accumulator;

4 tact

Compression up to the starting temperature of the combustion;

5th bar

5th bar

40

The invention relates to a propellant gas generator for gas turbines, consisting of a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor designed as a motor compressor and working according to the displacement principle.

All internal combustion engines used in practical operation prove to be disadvantageous in that they are not environmentally friendly in terms of their emissions are enough, have poor efficiencies, require expensive special equipment, not enough Allow freedom of movement, generate oxyhydrogen in higher concentrations, low acceleration values and only allow short driving distances.

In stationary as in mobile engine operation there is a reduction or optimization of the specific Fuel consumption and a reduction in air polluting emissions as far as possible

isothermal combustion;

6th measure

Discharge of the exhaust gases into the high pressure accumulator.

The logical sequence of the individual processes in the same cylinder creates a thei mixed interaction, which the demand of de Carnot's cycle for adiabatic compression almost fulfilled. This is an important one

f> 5 advantage over the known propellant gas generators who cannot work according to the Carnot cycle. The inventive solution of the six Cycle method working motor compressor sets di

isothermal compression as already completed. The condition of the air compressed in this way is sufficient for the reduce the temperature increase of the components that occurs during isothermal combustion, whereby the the heat loss that occurs when the air is compressed is compensated for. In this way it becomes an adiabatic Change of state reached, which makes further cooling of the motor compressor unnecessary. The line corresponds to the compression work of the process. The motor compressor has only one performance point Da the motor compressor only drives itself, you can high working pressures can be mastered without any special effort.

The isothermal combustion phase peculiar to Carnot's cycle, which is longer than other cycle processes allows a higher speed of the motor compressor, which makes the development adiabatic Changes of state additionally favored Under these conditions it is possible to the Carnotschen Circular process which, due to the small area of the PV diagram, is practical for direct drive is out of the question, to make practical use in an advantageous manner.

Another advantage of the propellant gas generator according to the invention is the mechanical separation of the two compressors, so that each compressor with the help of the pressure accumulator assigned to it If required, it can be operated independently of the other compressor without the Carnot cycle is disturbed.

The low-pressure accumulator absorbs the isothermally compressed air. Depending on the pressure and volume a corresponding amount of air is available to the motor compressor.

The motor compressor is with the under as possible High pressure air is charged and the air is compressed according to the above-mentioned working method to the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator assigned to it. In the fourth measure there is air or that Air-exhaust gas mixture up to a specified temperature, which favors effective combustion, condensed.

By means of a known injection system, it is possible to inject according to the law of the isotherm. The injection is comparatively simple because of the unnecessary regulation with only one load point. When the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is reached, the outlet valve opens and pushes in the sixth cycle, the combustion products go to the high-pressure storage tank, where the exhaust gases pass through of an exhaust gas control system, for example, can be subjected to post-combustion and that The energy released can advantageously also be used for the benefit of the work process. Because the two compressors are separate and each compressor is assigned a pressure accumulator is, the possibility is created, with appropriate switching in the adiabatic compression phase of Carnot Cycle process limited time in the partial load range to work exhaust-free in a closed circuit. The low-pressure accumulator supplies the oxygen while the isothermal compressor remains switched off for the motor compressor to maintain the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator assigned to it. The propellant gas removed from the high-pressure accumulator is after delivery of power, z. B. in a gas turbine, fed to the low pressure accumulator. The circuit thus decided allows in the partial load range specified performance limit and known storage volume, especially of the low-pressure storage, a predictable emission-free operation. With the control systems that can already be implemented today For example, the emission-free driving time reserves can be displayed.

The object of the invention is shown in the drawing, for example, and will be described in more detail below explained it shows

F i g. 1 arrangement and circuit diagram of a system according to the invention,

F i g. 2 a motor compressor with crank drive in longitudinal section,

F i g. 3 the same motor compressor in cross section and

4 shows a motor compressor without a crankshaft drive Longitudinal section

The low-pressure compressor 1 sucks in atmospheric air and compresses it in several stages 2 intermediate cooler 3 to the desired final pressure. The air passes through a check valve 4 into the low-pressure accumulator 5, which is equipped with a pressure monitor 6. After reaching the desired The drive 7 of the low-pressure compressor I, the propellant gas from the high-pressure accumulator, is pressurized 8 refers, switched off by closing a shut-off valve 9.

If the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 8 drops to a certain value due to the removal of propellant gas, then the motor compressor 10 is started via the pressure monitor 11 assigned to the high pressure accumulator 8. The motor compressor 10 is charged with air or an air-exhaust gas mixture from the low-pressure accumulator 5 and compresses it to the level of the high-pressure accumulator 8 using the six-stroke process. The highly compressed Air and the exhaust gas get there via a check valve 12 and are known by Monitoring devices with regard to emission values and temperature checked and if necessary made environmentally friendly by post-burning and / or mixing. That has a high excess of air having propellant gas is now available for work.

Function and circuit for emission-free travel are shown below.

When switching from normal operation to emission-free travel, the valves 13 block the path of the exhaust gases of the associated gas turbine 14 and pass it through check valves 15 into the low-pressure accumulator At the same time, by closing a throttle 16, the inflow cross-section of the propellant gas line 17 is correspondingly the required reduction in performance. At standstill or at low speed there is consequently No or only a slight throttling effect, so that the full gas pressure is used to achieve certain acceleration values is available.

When the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator drops to a certain value, the pressure monitor is activated ter 11 of the motor compressor 10 switched on This he 60 hmt its combustion air or an air exhaust gas mixed from the low-pressure accumulator 5. The duration of the exhaust-gas-free operation depends on the size of the accumulator The motor compressor can either with a crank handle according to FIG. 2 and 3 or without a crank mechanism 65 F i g. 4 be executed.

The motor compressor with crank drive consists of a cylinder block 18 with three cylinders 32, so that be every revolution is fired. The gas exchange we

Controlled by valves 19 which ^{are actuated by a camshaft 20 running with a third party 1 of} the crankshaft speed. The resulting leakage gases are pressed into one of the two stores by a pump 21.

The motor compressor without a crank drive must have at least six, expediently even twelve, opposite one another Have cylinders. The timing is to be chosen so that you work on one of the two sides will. The control of the valves 22 is electrical via an electronic device, which the transmission ratio 1: 3 taken into account, accomplished. the Control piston 23 door the gas exchange valves 19 are pneumatically operated.

The fuel is injected using the diesel process in accordance with the law of isotherms. Since there is only one load point and high pressures prevail, it does not matter whether it is is a motor compressor with or without a crank drive, the application of the well-known Archaonloff process on.

During the pressure increase in the 4th cycle, the pump piston 24 of the injection member 25 (FIG. 3) moves up Reaching a certain pressure, which is significantly higher than the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 8, is increased. After passing a certain section of the route, it blocks the inflow from the supply line 26 in connection; standing space 27, and there is a delivery pressure of the fuel, which is around the area difference is higher than the respective prevailing compression pressure, whereby fuel over lateral grooves 28 in the antechamber 29 flows. The amount of fuel is determined by the stroke height of the pump piston 24, which is determined by the spindle 30, limited. This spindle 30 has only two limit values: Maximum and zero funding. The prechamber volume allows only a certain amount of fuel to burn to. Only when the top dead center is exceeded what is associated with a drop in pressure is due to the higher pressure difference between antechamber 29 unc Cylinder 32 fuel in Fotm of damp steam! and partially burned via the channel 31 with dei the intensity corresponding to the pressure difference in the cylinder 32 and brought to combustion.

Isothermal combustion: requires a steadily increasing Lowing amount of fuel, the maximum of which is reached at the end of combustion, which is con constant pressure is reached in the antechamber.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (4)

♦ ** Patent claims: 1. Propellant gas generator for gas turbines, consisting of a low pressure compressor and one after the displacement principle working, designed as a motor compressor high pressure compressor, thereby characterized in that the low-pressure compressor (1) with isothermal compression and the high-pressure compressor (10) works with adiabatic compression and that each of the two compressors a pressure accumulator (5, 8) is assigned and each compressor is independent of during partial load operation the other compressor can be operated. 2. Propellant gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-pressure compressor (1) is designed as a cooled multi-stage flow compressor (2). 3. Propellant gas generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the motor compressor (10) works in six cycles as follows: 1st bar Admission of air or air / exhaust gas mixture from the one assigned to the low-pressure compressor (1) Low pressure accumulator (5); 2nd bar Compression to the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator assigned to the high-pressure compressor (10) (8th); 3rd bar Letting in air or an air / exhaust gas mixture from the low-pressure accumulator (5); 4 tact Compression up to the starting temperature of the combustion; Various publications are known that touch on the problems, but do not take into account the complexity of emissions and the required economical use of fuels l HeS can be differentiated from one another, for example the one shown in DT-PS 7 05 409 where a two-stroke engine drives a double-acting compressor on the same shaft and the arrangement of an expansion tank is required, so there is no unequal charging of the engine and the most constant pressure possible gas turbine is present, wefden in the inventive engine compressor motor and compressor fully integrated This achieves an adiabatic compression, which in many cases, the contemplated documents even unwanted ^WU De ^C r ^h invention is therefore based on the object, a propellant gas generator for gas turbines of the above named type so to shape en that it delivers the highest possible degree of efficiency, produces environmentally friendly exhaust emissions and enables a time-limited exhaust-gas-free operation This object is achieved according to the invention in that the low-pressure compressor with isothermal Compression and the high pressure compressor works with adiabatic compression and that each of the two A pressure accumulator is assigned to the compressor and each compressor is independent of the other during partial load operation Compressor is operable. According to a further feature of the invention, the low-pressure compressor is a cooled, multi-stage Flow compressor formed. According to the invention, the high-pressure compressor works as a motor compressor in six cycles as follows: