DE202022103820U1 - Forming machine for spinning and flow-forming - Google Patents

Abstract

Forming machine for spinning and flow-forming with
- a vertically directed main spindle (12) on which a forming tool (14) is arranged,
- a first drive (16) with which the main spindle (12) can be driven in rotation about a vertically directed axis of rotation (18),
- a tailstock spindle (20) which is arranged coaxially to the main spindle (12) and can be moved axially relative thereto,
- a machine bed (26) and a machine bed (28), which are connected to one another via at least three vertically aligned machine columns (30), the main spindle (12) being arranged on the machine bed (26) and distributing the at least three machine columns (30). are arranged around the axis of rotation (18) which delimit a working space (5), and
- at least one forming roller (37) which is guided in an axially displaceable and radially infeedable manner along at least one machine stand (30), characterized in that
- that the tailstock spindle (20) is arranged on a slide (21) which is axially guided and mounted on the at least three machine stands (30) each with at least one linear guide (90) in such a way that the slide (21) supports the machine stands (30 ) stiffened against bending outwards in the radial direction.

Description

The invention relates to a forming machine for spinning and flow-forming with a vertically oriented main spindle on which a forming tool is arranged, a first drive with which the main spindle can be driven in rotation about a vertically oriented axis of rotation, a tailstock spindle which is arranged coaxially with the main spindle and relative thereto can be moved, a lower machine bed and a upper machine bed, which are connected to one another via at least three vertically aligned machine stands, the main spindle being arranged on the machine lower bed and the at least three machine stands being distributed around the axis of rotation, which delimit a working space, and at least one forming roller, which is guided in an axially displaceable and radially feedable manner along at least one machine stand, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Forming machines with a vertically directed axis of rotation have been known for a long time. From the DE 9103358 U1 a forming machine with two vertically aligned machine columns is produced. Drives for separately driving the main spindle and the tailstock spindle are located on both the lower machine bed and the upper machine bed. When using two machine stands, the rigidity of the machine frame is limited.

An increased rigidity of the machine frame is achieved by the arrangement of three machine columns, as is the case, for example, in the generic DE102007012765 B4 is known. In this known forming machine, the tailstock spindle is linearly displaceable along the three machine stands.

A high level of machine rigidity is important to ensure precise guidance and positioning of the forming rollers and thus to achieve high forming accuracy.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a forming machine in which particularly high machine rigidity is provided.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a forming machine with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

The forming machine according to the invention is characterized in that the tailstock spindle is arranged on a carriage, which is axially guided and mounted on the at least three machine stands, each with at least one linear guide, in such a way that the carriage stiffens the machine stands against bending outwards in the radial direction.

The invention is based on the finding that when a workpiece is pressed or flow-formed, considerable radially directed forming forces are exerted by the forming rollers on the centrally mounted workpiece. These machining forces are to be absorbed by the machine stands, on which the individual forming rollers are slidably mounted and guided. The machine stands serve as a kind of abutment and are acted upon during a forming process by forces directed radially outwards, by means of which the vertical or columnar machine stands can be bent radially outwards. Even with a very stiff design of the machine stand, undesired bending can occur with large forming forces in the range of tenths of a millimeter or millimeters, which can have a negative effect on the forming accuracy.

According to one aspect of the invention, this is counteracted in that a carriage for the tailstock spindle is designed and arranged in such a way that the carriage is guided along the machine stand in such a way that it stiffens the machine stand against bending outwards in the radial direction. The carriage thus serves as a transverse stiffener, which is guided so that it can be moved vertically along the machine stand. Forces directed radially outwards on the machine stands, which are preferably distributed symmetrically about the axis of rotation, can thus be absorbed by the carriage, which is directed in particular horizontally, and compensated for in relation to one another. The resulting increased rigidity of the machine against radially directed outward forces leads to an increase in dimensional accuracy during forming.

According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the at least one linear guide for each machine column is designed to engage behind in a radial direction or in a form-fitting manner in the direction of the radially introduced forces. In particular, there is a guide surface directed radially outward with respect to the axis of rotation and a guide surface directed radially inward between the respective machine stand and the carriage, so that forces directed radially outward can be transmitted from the respective machine stand to the carriage. The carriage is designed to be correspondingly stiff, so that it can absorb the radial forces from the individual stands and largely cancel them out.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that at least one linear guide rail is formed on the machine stands, which has a guide surface directed radially outwards, and that each guide rail is assigned at least one guide element, which is mounted on the carriage and for guiding the carriage rests against the radially outwardly directed guide surface of the associated guide strip. The at least one guide element on the carriage can be a guide roller, a guide ball and/or also a sliding or rolling guide shoe which makes contact with the outwardly directed guide strip of the machine stand. This allows a particularly good stiffening.

In principle, only the main spindle can be driven in rotation in a forming machine. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the forming machine according to the invention results from the fact that a second drive, ideally of the same size, is arranged on the carriage, with which the tailstock spindle can be driven in rotation about the axis of rotation and/or synchronously with the speed and/or angle of rotation. Particularly high torques can be applied via two drives when forming a workpiece, which is to be driven in rotation for forming.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is based on the fact that a roller support for at least one forming roller is slidably guided along at least one machine stand and that the roller support is provided with an axial feed drive and a radial feed drive for the forming roller. An overall compact structure is thus achieved, with each machine stand not only carrying and guiding the carriage but also a roller support. Ideally, the carriage and the at least one roller support are guided over the same rails. The individual roller supports can be controlled and adjusted individually via their own axial feed drive. This allows workpieces with a large variety of shapes to be formed.

A particularly compact arrangement of the forming machine is achieved according to one embodiment of the invention in that each machine stand has two box-shaped columns between which a free space is formed, and that at least one roller support for the forming roller is movably guided in the free space. The carriage can each have a fork-shaped holder, at the ends of which a guide element is arranged for guiding on a guide rail on each of the box-shaped columns. The fork-shaped mount can enclose the individual machine stand with the two box-shaped columns and thus bring about the desired stiffening guidance on the outside of the two box-shaped columns.

In principle, only a single roll support or part of the roll supports can be mounted on a machine stand. According to a development of the invention, it is particularly expedient for a roller support to be guided on each of the machine stands.

Furthermore, according to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is preferred that at least one forming roller is arranged at an angle of 5 degrees to 20 degrees to the axis of rotation. With this, a further improvement in the rolling behavior of the forming roller on the workpiece can be achieved during the forming of blanks due to the resulting clearance angle at the roller outlet. By arranging the forming roller at an angle of 5 to 20 degrees, a significant reduction in the radial roller contact surface can be achieved, so that different circumferential speeds between the workpiece and the forming roller are reduced to a minimum. This also minimizes wear and tear on the forming roller and improves the shape accuracy when forming on cylindrical and especially conical tool geometries. The forming rollers on the individual roller supports can be passively rotatably mounted. In the event of contact with the rotating workpiece, the forming rollers can be passively rotated. In order to avoid slippage on the forming rollers and thus to achieve a particularly high level of dimensional accuracy, it is advantageous according to a further embodiment of the invention that a forming roller drive is provided for at least one forming roller, with which the forming roller can be driven at a predetermined speed. A basically known control unit can be used to set and ensure synchronization between the speed of the workpiece or the peripheral speed in the diameter of the forming roller engagement and the speed of the forming roller.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that at least one processing unit with a forming roller is arranged in a passage area between two machine stands. There is thus a relatively large amount of free space for arranging and feeding the at least one forming roller. A number of forming rollers with a corresponding changing device for changing the forming roller which is in an operating position for forming can also be provided on a roller support. In addition, the roller support with an angle be provided adjusting device for the forming roller, so that the working angle and / or forming roller geometry can be optimally adjusted to the processing task. An angle adjustment can be done manually or automatically.

A further particularly expedient embodiment of the forming machine according to the invention is achieved in that a connecting device for connecting and lifting the forming tool from the main spindle is arranged on the axially movable carriage. The forming tool on the main spindle is mounted detachably and interchangeably. The forming tool can be connected to the carriage via a connecting device on the axially movable carriage arranged above it. A chain, one or more connecting rods or one or more other connecting elements can be used for connecting. By moving the carriage upwards axially, it can serve as a lifting device in order to separate the forming tool from the main spindle. This facilitates the process of changing the forming tool. It may be necessary to change the forming tool in particular if a different workpiece contour is to be machined.

A further improvement in changing can be achieved according to one embodiment of the invention in that a tool changing device is arranged on the machine bed, which is designed to feed and/or remove the forming tool to or from the main spindle. The tool device can in particular be a transverse displacement device for radially displacing the released forming tool from the main spindle or a new forming tool to the main spindle.

A further preferred embodiment of the forming machine according to the invention can be achieved by arranging an axially movable and radially pivotable unit with a connecting device for connecting and lifting the forming tool from the main spindle on the machine stand.

A further increase in the forming flexibility of the machine according to the invention can be achieved in that the tailstock spindle is provided with a pressure extension with a pressure disk. Thus, even with a limited travel of the tailstock spindle along the machine columns, a necessary contact pressure can be achieved when machining certain workpieces.

The forming machine according to the invention can be used particularly flexibly. In particular, according to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the machine is designed for forming steel wheel keys and/or steel wheels. In particular, steel wheels can be manufactured for larger vehicles such as trucks or buses. This requires relatively large, bulky and/or high-strength starting workpieces, which are usually a sheet metal blank or a semi-finished product preformed by casting, pressing or forging.

A further improvement in the forming accuracy can be achieved according to a development of the invention in that the tailstock spindle is designed with a measuring device as a positioning axis. A traversing path of the tailstock spindle and thus of the carriage along the machine stand can also be precisely determined in this way. The position measurement data can be fed to a control unit for controlling and moving the tailstock spindle.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the contact pressure of the tailstock spindle is adjustable and/or programmable. The tailstock spindle can be provided with a corresponding feed drive. This can have a ball screw or in particular one or more hydraulic cylinders.

A further increase in machining flexibility is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the tailstock spindle is provided with a first axially displaceable pressure extension with a pressure ring, which preferably projects beyond a second pressure extension with a pressure disk. By using an outer first pressing extension and a second inner pressing extension, a particularly targeted pressing of the workpiece onto the forming tool on the main spindle can be achieved. Only the inner pressing extension can also be arranged.

For a good loosening of the formed workpiece, it is advantageous that an ejector unit and/or a stripper unit is arranged on the main spindle and/or the tailstock spindle. This can in particular include a hydraulically actuated cylinder that can be adjusted in the axial direction and has an ejector and/or scraper element. The ejector and/or stripper element on the main spindle side can advantageously also be used to lift the finished workpiece from the tool to a removal level and/or lower the blank to a clamping and processing level.

In principle, only a single forming tool can be arranged on the main spindle. The forming tool specifies an inner contour of the workpiece to be formed. In particular for the manufacture of vehicle wheels, in which a rim well extends on both sides of a radial hub area, an advantageous embodiment of the forming machine consists in that the tailstock spindle is designed to accommodate a further forming tool.

In principle, the forming rollers can only be arranged on the roller supports provided for this purpose. A further increase in the forming flexibility is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the carriage is designed to accommodate forming rollers. Thus, not only the tailstock spindle, but also one or more forming rollers are mounted on the carriage that can be moved axially along the machine columns. These can be fed radially and/or axially to the workpiece via appropriate drives in order to deform it.

According to a development of the invention, it is preferred that the machine stands are connected to one another in their central areas via cross braces. This achieves a further stiffening in relation to a radially outward deflection.

• 1: eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine;
• 2: eine Querschnittsdarstellung der Maschine von 1 gemäß dem Schnitt C-C;
• 3: eine perspektivische Ansicht der Maschine gemäß 1, wobei Komponenten weggelassen sind;
• 4: eine schematische Querschnittsansicht durch einen Spindelbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine;
• 5: eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den Maschinenrahmen;
• 6: eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine; und
• 7: eine Querschnittsdarstellung der Maschine von 6 gemäß dem Schnitt A-A.

The invention will be explained further using preferred exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the figures. In the figures show:

• 1 : a plan view of an embodiment of a forming machine according to the invention;
• 2 : a cross-sectional view of the machine from 1 according to section CC;
• 3 : a perspective view of the machine according to FIG 1 , where components are omitted;
• 4 : a schematic cross-sectional view through a spindle area of the forming machine according to the invention;
• 5 : a perspective view of the machine frame;
• 6 : a side view of the forming machine according to the invention; and
• 7 : a cross-sectional view of the machine from 6 according to section AA.

The basic structure of a forming machine 10 according to the invention is based on the embodiment according to the 1 until 4 explained. According to the view from above 1 a star-shaped machine frame 24 with three machine columns 30 can be seen. A first passage area 34a, a second passage area 34b and a third passage area 34c are formed between the three vertical machine columns 30, through which an inner working space 5 can be reached.

A discharge device 60 with a conveyor belt as the conveying device 64 is arranged in the first passage area 34a. By means of a gripper, not shown, a workpiece can be removed from the work space 5 by the stripping device, not shown, onto the conveyor device 64 .

A feed device 70 with a gripper 72 is arranged on the second passage area 34b. The gripper 72 can separate and pick up a raw part from a conveying or delivery device (not shown), then feed it to the work area 5 and place it on a forming tool (not shown).

An additional processing unit 40, which will be explained in more detail below, can be arranged at the third passage area 34c.

According to 2 the machine frame 24 has a lower machine bed 26 and a plate-shaped upper machine bed 28, which are firmly connected to one another via the three vertical machine columns 30.

A main spindle 12 with a forming tool 14 for receiving a workpiece 1 is arranged on the machine bed 26 . The main spindle 12 with the forming tool 14 is driven in rotation about an axis of rotation 18 via a first drive 16 . An ejector unit 80 is provided below the main spindle 12 . The ejector unit 80 is used for loading - transfer of the workpiece 1 from the feed device 70 for positioning and clamping of the workpiece 1 on the axis of rotation 18 with subsequent clamping on the forming tool 14 - and for unloading, breaking loose and pushing the workpieces 1 from the forming tool 14 with subsequent transfer to the discharge device 60.

If aluminum wheels are machined as workpieces 1, it is advisable to engage the ejector unit 80 in the center of the wheel so as not to damage the sensitive aluminum workpiece. The wall thickness is greatest in the middle of the wheel.

If steel wheels or steel wheel discs are processed as workpieces 1, it is advisable for the scraper unit 81 to attack the outer edge of the workpiece in order to protect the sensitive steel not to damage the workpiece and/or raise it to the removal level by the stripper plate 82. The cylinders for actuation are integrated in the machine bed 26 symmetrically to the center.

A second drive 22 is arranged on the machine upper bed 28 and drives a tailstock spindle 20 in rotation about the axis of rotation 18 via a conventional transmission device. The tailstock spindle 20 and the second drive 22 are mounted on a horizontally directed, plate-shaped and box-like stiffened carriage 21, which can be moved axially along the vertical machine columns 30. Hydraulic adjusting cylinders 23 are provided on the upper bed 28 of the machine for this purpose. The main spindle 12 and the tailstock spindle 20 coaxial thereto are arranged in the working space 5 which is bounded by the three machine columns 30 . The tailstock spindle 20 can be provided with an axially displaceable pressure extension 25 with a pressure ring 27, which projects beyond a first pressure extension with a pressure disk.

Each machine stand 30 is made up of two box-shaped columns 31 between which a free space is formed. In this free space, roller supports 36 can be mounted with a forming roller 37 so that they can be advanced, as illustrated in 4 is shown. The radial roller supports 36 are aligned horizontally. The three radial roller supports 36 can be offset from one another by 120 degrees. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the feed drive in the radial direction is effected by a servo-controlled hydraulic cylinder, and the vertical adjustment in the axial direction is effected by a servo-controlled hydraulic cylinder. They can also be electric. The roller supports 36 can each be moved mechanically completely independently of one another with radial and axial infeed for the forming rollers 37 .

An additional machining unit 40 for carrying out a further machining operation on the workpiece can be provided at the third passage area 34c.

The structure of the machine frame 24 is illustrated in 5 shown. In addition to being stiffened by the carriage, the columnar machine stands 30 can be connected in their respective central region to the respective adjoining machine stand 30 via horizontal cross braces 32 and can thus be additionally stiffened. The arrangement of a roller support 36 between the two box-shaped columns 31 of a machine stand 30 is also clear 5 out.

According to the section AA in 6 the inventive guidance of the carriage 21 along the machine stands 30 is illustrated, with the sectional view in FIG 7 is shown. Two linear guides 90 are arranged along each machine stand 30 and run parallel to the axis of rotation 18 .

Each linear guide 90 has a rail-like guide rail 92 which is attached to a radial inner side of one of the machine stands 30 . Concave recesses are provided on the sides of the guide rails 92 to form a lateral undercut. Corresponding U-shaped guide elements 96 are attached to the facing sides of the carriage 21, which engage with projections in the recesses of the guide rails 92, radially directed forces being able to be absorbed by the guide elements 96 via guide surfaces 94 directed radially outwards. The carriage 21 can thus contribute to the further stiffening of the machine frame 24, which considerably improves the dimensional accuracy, particularly when forming large vehicle wheels.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 9103358 U1 [0002]
• DE 102007012765 B4 [0003]

Claims (22)

Forming machine for spinning and flow-forming, having - a vertically directed main spindle (12) on which a forming tool (14) is arranged, - a first drive (16) with which the main spindle (12) can be driven to rotate about a vertically directed axis of rotation (18). - a tailstock spindle (20), which is arranged coaxially to the main spindle (12) and can be moved axially relative thereto, - a lower machine bed (26) and a machine upper bed (28), which are connected to one another via at least three vertically aligned machine columns (30). , wherein the main spindle (12) is arranged on the machine bed (26) and the at least three machine stands (30) are arranged distributed around the axis of rotation (18), which delimit a working space (5), and - at least one forming roller (37), which is guided in an axially displaceable and radially infeedable manner along at least one machine stand (30), characterized in that the tailstock spindle (20) is arranged on a slide (21). t, which is axially guided and mounted on the at least three machine stands (30) each with at least one linear guide (90) in such a way that the carriage (21) stiffens the machine stand (30) against bending outwards in the radial direction. forming machine claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one linear guide (90) is designed to engage behind in the radial direction. forming machine claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that at least one linear guide bar (92) is formed on each of the machine stands (30), which has a guide surface (94) directed radially outwards, and in that each guide bar (92) is assigned at least one guide element (96), which is mounted on the carriage (21) and rests against the radially outwardly directed guide surface (94) of the associated guide strip (92) for guiding the carriage (21). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that a second drive (22) is arranged on the carriage (21), with which the tailstock spindle (20) can be driven in rotation about the axis of rotation (18). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that along at least one machine stand (30) a roller support (36) for at least one respective forming roller (37) is displaceably guided and in that the roller support (36) is equipped with an axial feed drive and a radial feed drive for the forming roller (37) is provided. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that each machine stand (30) has two box-shaped columns (31) between which a free space is formed, and that in the free space at least one roller support (36) for the forming roller (37) is movably guided. forming machine claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that a roller support (36) is guided on all machine stands (30). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that the at least one forming roller (37) is arranged at an angle of 5° to 20° to the axis of rotation (18). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that a forming roller drive is provided for at least one forming roller (37), with which the forming roller (37) can be driven at a predetermined speed. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that at least one processing unit (40) with forming roller (37) is arranged in a passage area (34) between two machine stands (30). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that a connecting device for connecting and lifting the forming tool (14) from the main spindle (12) is arranged on the axially movable carriage (21). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 11 , characterized in that a tool changing device is arranged on the machine bed (26), which is designed to feed and/or remove the forming tool (14) to or from the main spindle (12). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 12 , characterized in that the tailstock spindle (20) is provided with a pressure extension with a pressure disk. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 13 , characterized in that the Forming machine (10) is designed for forming steel wheel discs and/or steel wheels. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 14 , characterized in that the tailstock spindle (20) is designed with a measuring device as a positioning axis. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 15 , characterized in that the contact pressure of the tailstock spindle (20) is designed to be adjustable and/or programmable. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 15 , characterized in that the tailstock spindle (20) is provided with a first axially displaceable pressure extension (25) with a pressure ring (27) which preferably protrudes beyond a second pressure extension with a pressure disc. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that an ejector unit (80) is arranged on the main spindle (12) and/or the tailstock spindle (20). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that the tailstock spindle (20) is designed to accommodate a further forming tool. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that the carriage (21) is designed to accommodate forming rollers (37). Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 20 , characterized in that a CNC control is provided, which supports a complete virtual mapping of the development process and / or the commissioning of the forming machine. Forming machine according to one of Claims 1 until 20 , characterized in that the machine stands (30) are connected to one another in their central areas via cross braces (32).

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