DE202013010116U1 - Fitness device or retrofit kit for a fitness device for professional power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

Training or fitness device (1), for example in the form of a home trainer, with an energy converter for converting the energy spent in electricity, such as a generator (21) or dynamo, characterized in that the energy converter on the output side, a device (3) for feeding the current in a public power grid (4) is connected downstream.

Description

The invention is directed to a fitness device, for example in the form of a home trainer, with an energy converter for converting the energy consumed into electricity, for example a dynamo or generator. An invented further home exercise bike is referred to by the inventor as a current trainer.

Commercially available home drinkers are exclusively for physical exercise, d. that is, their sole purpose is the health or fitness of the exercising person. There are no further directly related aspects.

However, due to increasing environmental awareness, the use of renewable energy is becoming increasingly important. On the other hand, in home exercisers the muscle power or energy expended by the exercising person has so far not been used further, but wasted in a meaningless way, for example, converted to braking resistors or other braking devices into heat and thus withdrawn from further use.

From the disadvantages of the prior art described results in the invention initiating problem to develop a generic exercise bike such that the spent in the use of a home gym muscle power or energy is fed to a meaningful use.

The solution to this problem succeeds in that the energy converter downstream of a device for feeding the electricity into a public power grid is connected.

Only by the measure according to the invention to convert the energy used into a form which can be fed into the general power grid is found a universal form of energy which can actually be utilized. Because other attempts to feed the energy gained, for example, an on-board computer or lighting, while leading to a partial use of this energy; However, this is not really meaningfully used, but used only for a obvious purpose. A general use does not take place in this way.

Only feeding into a power grid makes this energy really useful, because the electricity fed into the grid is immediately consumed by connected consumers. A waste does not take place.

It has proved to be advantageous that the device for power supply has an AC output, preferably a single- or three-phase AC output. In the normal case, ie when the power provided by a person is fed into a network, a single-phase AC output should of course be sufficient, ie the voltage of one phase with respect to the neutral of a three-phase network. However, according to the invention, there is also the possibility - for example in a fitness center or the like - of providing greater power, namely the collected power of all persons driving there fitness, to feed them together into a public power grid. If a single, common feed device is provided for this purpose, to which the power of all the persons just trained are supplied on the input side, it is also conceivable to use a device with a three-phase three-phase output for the feed.

It is within the scope of the invention that the device for power supply has a device for synchronizing the output AC voltage with the AC voltage of the public power grid. As a result of various, in the lines and transformers, etc. existing inductors an AC or three-phase network is only able to take an active power, if this is not only synchronously, but in phase, that is offered without phase shift. At most, other waveforms may be included as reactive power if they are at least synchronized, but have a different phase position; otherwise they will probably be reflected like waves of another frequency or not accepted at all like DC. So in order to achieve a continuous feed, a synchronization with the public power grid is inevitable.

The invention can be further developed in that the AC output is coupled directly or via a reactance with the public power grid, in particular via a single- or three-phase reactance. Although direct coupling may at first glance be cheaper, additional reactances are avoided; However, the phase of the synchronization when switching on the device according to the invention could in such case lead to comparatively strong equalizing currents, which could reach threatening heights without suitable countermeasures. If, on the other hand, a choke coil is provided in each phase, for example, inrush current peaks are limited and, in addition, the regulation may possibly be simplified.

The invention prefers an arrangement wherein on the public power grid and / or or at the AC output of the device for power supply, a voltage converter and / or sensor is coupled. Such a converter or sensor on the public power grid serves to observe the public network and thus to provide a reference for the feed frequency and phase position. If a coupling reactance Z is provided between the feed-in device and the public network, there is hardly any alternative for the direct coupling of such a converter or sensor to precisely this public network, since in such cases the AC output of the feed device is not always in phase with the public network. If, on the other hand, no coupling reactance is provided, the coupling to the AC output of the feed device is of course equivalent to a coupling to the public power grid. When using a Koppelreaktanz Z it is also possible, input and output side of the Koppelreaktanz Z provide each a voltage converter or sensor and .DELTA.U = U _E using the formula - U _S = Z · I to determine the current I through the reactance, where U _{E is} the voltage at the output of the power supply and U _{S is} the voltage of the public power grid. The complex product P = P + jQ = U _S · I is the supplied power in complex components, with the pointer I parallel to the voltage .DELTA.U = U _E - U _S is counted, and is therefore uplink side to count. If U _S and I oscillate in phase, P = | U _S | · | I | for the fed active power P. However, if the phase position is not 0 or cosφ ≠ 1, the reactive power Q would not be equal to 0. However, if the coupling of the supply device directly, ie without looped coupling reactance Z , the feed current I to determine the fed power P are detected directly, preferably by means of one or more current transformers or sensors in the outputs of the feed device.

If the voltage transformer at the AC output of the device for power supply has a slightly greater reduction 1 / k _E = u _e / U _E than the reduction ratio 1 / k _S = u _s / U _{S of} the voltage transformers on the public power grid, where: k _E > k _S , Thus, in the case of a feedback or compensation of the measured value u _{e of} the output voltage U _{E of} the feed device to the measured value u _{s of} the voltage U _{S of} the public power grid u _e - u _s = 0 1 / k _E · U _E = u _e = u _s = 1 / k _S · U _S U _S = k _S / k _E · U _E ΔU = U _E - k _S / k _E · U _E = (1 - k _S / k _E ) · U _E > 0 a voltage difference .DELTA.U = U _E - U _S will be ≥ 0, which according Z · I = .DELTA.U ≥ 0 is a positive, finite feed stream I and thus a finite injected active power P = | U _S | · | I | follows.

The invention further recommends that the signal u _s at least one voltage transformer and / or sensor on the public power grid serves as a setpoint for a synchronization and / or control circuit. As stated above, the feed current I must be not only synchronous with the voltage U _{S of} the public power grid, but also in phase. This means, apart from a possibly different proportionality factor, identity must exist between these two quantities, ie equality of the two frequencies ω and phase positions φ: ω _I = ω _US ; φ _I = φ _US .

For this purpose, z. For example, the condition u _e - u _s = 0 , if the proportionality factors k _E , k _{S are} both real, that is neither imaginary nor complex.

A particularly simple control circuit results when the signal of at least one voltage transformer and / or sensor is used at the AC output of the device for current injection as an actual value for a synchronization and / or control circuit. As indicated above, when using a coupling reactance Z between the output of the feed device and the public power grid and when using converters or sensors with different ratios k _E > k _S, the condition u _e = u _s is sufficient if the proportionality factors k _E , k _S both are real, a finite, injected active power P = | U _S | · | I | sure.

If a coupling reactance Z is not present, ie Z = 0 , then instead the signal i of a current transformer and / or sensor at the AC output of the device for current injection can serve as an actual value for a synchronization and / or control circuit. Also in this case it must be ensured that: ω _i = ω _us ; φ _i = φ _us .

In this case, the controlled variable would not be the output voltage U _{E of} the feed device, but its output current I directly.

In the course of the control according to the invention, the difference between the setpoint and the actual value should be formed as the current control deviation Δa . Depending on the used control variable, this means: Δa = u _e - u _s , or Δa = i - u _s

Based on this difference between the setpoint and the actual value, the output voltage at the AC output of the device for current injection should be regulated in order to achieve optimum feed conditions, ie: Δa = 0 , or at least | Δa | <ε, where ε> 0, but ε ≠ 0.

Within the scope of a particularly simple embodiment, the controller used for this purpose is a two-position controller. This should be designed such that it causes in each case at Δa = ± ε each a reversal of the feed device , so that the controlled variable influenced by it always remains in a correspondingly narrow environment of the current setpoint. Such two-position controllers can be constructed very simply, for example by means of comparators, and operate extremely stable, since the two switching levels ± ε are apart by a value of 2ε, a switching hysteresis arises almost automatically, which does not allow an uncontrolled oscillation of such a controller.

In another embodiment, the controller may be a proportional controller or have a proportional component. Such a control module can be constructed, for example, by means of a negative feedback operational amplifier and is therefore not very complicated. However, the regulation starts earlier here than in the case of a two-position controller, which only intervenes when the offset between setpoint and actual value has reached a predetermined limit. With such a proportional controller, therefore, a more accurate and / or more supple control can be achieved, in particular if it also has other components in addition to a P or proportional component, for example an I or integral component and / or a D or differential component.

The power element or output amplifier of an inverter or an inverter module is generally used as the actuator. Such a power amplifier or output amplifier usually has for each phase a branch connected between two terminals of a DC or DC intermediate circuit with two series-connected power actuators, in particular power transistors or thyristors, the respective phase being connected at the node between both power actuators is and branches off from there. Depending on the switching state of the two power actuators, the relevant phase output can therefore be connected to the positive or negative DC or DC intermediate circuit together with the node connecting the two power actuators and thus the output voltage can be adjusted between these two potentials or the output current can be increased or decreased.

Such a power section of an inverter is therefore switched or clocked during operation. In this case, the switching or clock frequency can be set constant, for example, when using a pulse width modulator, or it can be adjusted by itself and variable, such as when using a two-point controller.

If the generator for supplying the inverter module supplies neither a DC voltage nor a DC current, the inverter module should be part of an inverter, which initially generates a DC voltage and / or a DC current from a rotational or AC voltage in a DC link. In the context of such a link, there is also the possibility to smooth the flow of energy by simple means by a smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC link in a DC link, while in a DC link an inductor should be looped in series.

As energy converter, a generator, in particular a DC generator or alternator or alternator, is provided. Since it is unlikely that the frequency of alternation generated by a generator would be synchronous with a public power grid, an alternator has no functional advantages, because the AC voltage must be rectified anyway and then converted back to a synchronous and in-phase AC voltage for feeding. However, a variable or three-phase voltage generator may have a simpler structure, because there are no mechanical Kommutierungshilfsmittel required. The induction coils may be hardwired and when incorporated into the stator, even slip rings are not required.

Preferably, the energy converter is a multi-pole AC or three-phase generator. Such generators deliver higher frequencies than single-pole generators, because per revolution of the rotor one of the number of poles corresponding plurality of voltage waves is induced. Although the frequency is not as such in the case of a subsequent rectification of great importance; However, in such cases a rectified voltage has less low frequency harmonics and is therefore easier to smooth - especially in a DC link - than a strong harmonic after rectification voltage. In addition, such multi-pole generators are more likely to produce a usable output voltage from low speeds, as single-pole generators.

The invention can be further developed such that the diameter of the energy converter is greater than its length. As a result, a larger space is available in the region of the peripheral circumference of such an energy converter in order to arrange a multiplicity of induction coils there.

The principle of a large diameter at a short length culminates in an arrangement wherein the rotor of the generator has the shape of a disc. This can be realized with otherwise compact design, a maximum number of poles of the winding.

The invention recommends that the rotor of the generator has one or preferably a plurality of magnets, preferably hard magnetic permanent magnets, in particular neodymium magnets. These generate a with the moving rotor with rotating magnetic field, whose alternating concatenation with the stator-side induction coils there each induces an AC voltage. Although such a rotating magnetic field could also be generated by means of one or more electromagnets; again, however, weary slip rings would be required to power one or more rotating solenoids. One or more permanent magnets, however, make this unnecessary and achieve the same result. If hard magnetic permanent magnets are used, demagnetization is not to be feared.

Accordingly, the structurally simplest arrangement results if the stator of the generator has one or preferably a plurality of coils, while magnets are arranged in or on the rotor. The relative rotation between the two modules ensures that an alternating field is generated in the coils.

A particularly advantageous arrangement is that stator coils are arranged on both sides of the disk-shaped rotor. If, as the invention further provides, the (permanent) magnets are arranged in the disk-shaped rotor such that the two opposite magnetic poles of a magnet are located on both sides of the rotor, then the magnetic field generated thereby has a field direction perpendicular to the ground plane the rotor disk. In order to achieve maximum field linkage with a coil, its longitudinal axis should therefore be oriented perpendicular to the rotor disk ground plane. There are two possibilities for this: The coils can be arranged on one side of the rotor disk or on the other, opposite rotor side or just on both rotor sides. The latter variant has the advantage that with only unesenticih increased space, the number of coils can be doubled, thus doubling the power that can be generated.

By the coils are arranged in or on the stator in the manner of a preferably multi-pole three-phase winding, the power flow is maximally smoothed, d. h., a person exercising will feel an almost constant resistance, without any puncturable harmonics.

If a rotary or alternator is used, a rectifier should be connected downstream. Thus, the rotational speed of the mechanically coupled to the fitness device generator is completely decoupled from the frequency of the network to be fed. At lower speed of the fitness device while the power to be fed is reduced; the power still generated can still be fed in.

The invention further provides that the DC output of the rectifier is led out and / or provided with a plug connection, so that the rectifier of several fitness devices can be connected in parallel. As a result, for example, can be achieved in fitness centers synergy effects by such case, only a single inverter module is provided. As a result, on the one hand the effort is reduced; On the other hand, a single inverter tends to oscillate significantly less than multiple parallel-connected inverters that can swell each other if the multiple feeders are neither coordinated nor matched.

At the DC output of the rectifier, an accumulator can be connected or connectable. Thus, several goals can be pursued: On the one hand, a battery has a not insignificant smoothing effect, since its voltage changes only insignificantly over a wide charging range of about 20% to 80%; Furthermore, an accumulator can store energy and is thus able to temporarily absorb in the fitness center random training peaks, as well as short-term To cushion training interruptions without this initially having a serious impact on the feed-in performance; Finally, such an accumulator can also serve to drive DC voltage consumers, such as a digital display, DC light sources such as light bulbs or LEDs or even a regulator board of the feed device, etc.

As already indicated above, an arrangement according to the invention can also be used to supply local consumers. This can be done either by means of direct voltage, which can be taken from a rectifier or a battery coupled thereto, or - for example, in the manner of an island grid - with alternating current, which can be tapped from the supply device, in particular from its inverter.

Since the loss of a mains voltage synchronization to an external power grid is not possible, the feed device for this purpose should be able to specify from an integrated frequency generator, the local voltage frequency of 50 Hz (Europe) or 60 Hz (USA) and a corresponding To generate AC voltage.

With the device according to the invention, therefore, at least one local consumer can be fed, optionally by the generator itself and / or by a DC, AC or three-phase voltage generated therefrom. Consumers in the form of light sources are particularly suitable for this because, for example, light bulbs can be operated with any type of current - both with direct current and with alternating current; even the frequency and harmonic content is irrelevant. On the other hand, LEDs have a much better efficiency than incandescent lamps and should therefore be preferred from an energy point of view; However, these require a DC voltage.

A preferably fed by the generator and / or by one of them charged accumulator display element can be used to display the currently fed into the public grid power and / or display the state of charge of an accumulator and / or display more information. This allows a person exercising at any time to check how much they have already done and thus fed into the power grid.

A fitness device in the form of a home exerciser drivable by means of pedals is preferably characterized in that the generator is arranged on a plane perpendicularly penetrated by the pedal crank axle, which has approximately equal distances to both pedals. In such an arrangement, on the one hand, the drive of the generator is very simple; In addition, a person sitting on the exercise bike is disturbed by a thus placed generator when pedaling the least.

In a fitness device in the form of a drivable by means of pedals home exercise bike, the generator can be installed instead of a flywheel and / or brake disc or integrated with such. As a result, the basic arrangement of the home trainer hardly needs to be modified, d. h., otherwise standard components can be used.

It is quite advisable that the generator is driven by means of a chain, preferably by means of a chain engaging in a toothing on a circumferential region of the generator, in particular on the outer circumference of the rotor, frictionally engaging. Such a coupling means is relatively easy to implement and only requires all-round gear teeth on the generator and on a non-rotatably connected to the pedal wheel.

On the other hand, it is recommended by the inventor that the rotor of the generator is mounted on a freewheel hub. The freewheel should be oriented in such a way that, in the event of an interruption of the pedaling movement, the rotor can continue to run by itself, as long as its inherent momentum is still sufficient.

In order to achieve a particularly high speed of the generator, it can be provided that a chain engages only in a chain sprocket instead of a toothing on the outer circumference of the rotor itself, which in turn is non-rotatably coupled to the rotor. If such a sprocket has a relatively small diameter d ₂ and, accordingly, a small number of teeth z ₂ , in particular in relation to the diameter d ₁ and the number of teeth z ₁ connected to the crank sprocket or blade, so a speed-translation can be achieved ie, the rotor of the generator runs at a higher rotational speed n _G than the rotational speed n _{T of} the crankset itself. For example, a translation u = n _G : n _T = 20: 1 can be achieved if: ü = z ₁ : z ₂ = 20: 1 or ü = d ₁ : d ₂ = 20: 1. Accordingly, with a rotation speed n _T on the pedal crank of 1 revolution per second, the generator would revolve at a speed n _G of 20 revolutions per second, so that an alternating voltage with a frequency of 20 Hz would be induced in the case of a winding wound over 180 °. For example, in the case of a three-pole generator, where one winding extends only over a center angle of 60 °, the induced frequency would already be 60 Hz.

The invention allows a development in that the device for feeding the current into a public power grid, if necessary can be retrofitted to the fitness device together with the energy converter. Such a retrofit option of the feed device according to the invention for commercial exercise bikes or other fitness equipment substantially reduces the investment costs associated with the installation of a feed device by already existing existing exercise bikes, fitness equipment and exercise machines can be used. Only at a moving part, preferably at a rotary connection, the local movement is tapped and used to drive a generator whose generated power is then fed into a public network. Often, a flywheel and / or brake disc or the like is provided on an exercise bike, other fitness equipment or a training machine. This can then be removed if necessary and replaced by an example. Disk-shaped generator.

Accordingly, the invention is further characterized by a retrofit kit for a fitness device, for example in the form of a home trainer, with a device for feeding energy generated by the fitness device in the form of electricity in a public power grid. This feed-in device has a kind of adapter function: it must be able to absorb the energy of a generator, which is offered in the form of a direct, alternating or three-phase current, and convert it into a form suitable for being fed into a public power grid.

Finally, it is the teaching of the invention that the retrofit kit has an energy converter for converting the spent mechanical energy into electricity, such as a generator or dynamo, which is followed by the device for feeding the energy generated by the fitness device in a public power grid. As already stated above, an inventive feeding device has the structure of an adapter with two interfaces - one for a feeding generator, dynamo od. Like., The other for coupling to the power supply network - the coupling to a public power grid is relatively simple because there are only two parameters to be kept, namely the voltage amplitude (for example 230 V) and the frequency (for example 50 Hz), and because these parameters are standardized within each country, so that a factory setting is harmless. In contrast, there are a variety of generators, dynamos, etc., whose rated voltage, power and especially the nature of the output voltage DC alternating or three-phase current can scatter in a wide range. Therefore, it is an important measure not to leave the nature of the generator to be coupled in the context of a retrofit kit to chance, but to supply it with the retrofit kit itself, so that an optimum balance between the generator and the feed device can be ensured when selecting the components. The mechanical coupling of the generator to the respective fitness device or the respective exercise machine, however, is generally less critical and can be accomplished by skilled craftsmanship of anyone.

Further features, details, advantages and effects on the basis of the invention will become apparent from the following description of some preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawing. Hereby shows:

1 an exercise bike with a device according to the invention for harnessing the generated power according to a first embodiment of the invention in a perspective view;

2 a block diagram with the electrical components of the device 1 ;

3 a modified embodiment of the invention in side view;

4 the generator of the feeding device 3 ;

5 another generator in one of the 4 corresponding view;

6 a cut across the generator 5 ;

7 a schematic diagram of the stator coils of the generator 5 in a side view;

8th an electrical equivalent circuit of the stator coils of the generator off 5 ; such as

9 a block diagram with electrical components in an alternative constellation.

From a fitness machine 1 is a training person a preferably repetitive motion and thus demanded energy in order to train their muscular system and thus promote his health.

This aspect of muscle building or health is in the foreground; the energy expended by the person is mostly wasted senseless, for example, converted by a flywheel and / or brake disc with a friction mechanism into heat. Although the heat generation in the winter still makes a certain sense; However, in the summer this is not the case, and moreover, the available kinetic energy is actually too good a deal to convert only to heat.

It is precisely this energy required of the exercising person that can be transmitted to the fitness device by means of a 1 attached, retrofit kit according to the invention 2 in the form of a feed device 3 in a power grid 4 be fed, in particular in a public power grid, and is thus made available to other consumers.

At the representative of a fitness machine 1 shown exercise bike 5 it is a commercial model. You can see a frame 6 with a longitudinal spar 7 , of which branching lateral jibs 8th and end rubber feet 9 at it, one at the rear end of the longitudinal summer 7 upstanding saddle tube support 10 with a height-adjustable saddle 11 , as well as a front pillar 12 with a top fork 13 whose ends 14 to serve as handles.

On the longitudinal home 7 of the frame 6 is a gear box 15 arranged, wherein a crank 16 around a transverse to the longitudinal spar 7 or to the seating direction extending axis is rotatably mounted, for example by means of rolling bearings. At the ends of the rotary shaft 17 the pedal 16 branches crank arms 18 each in anti-parallel radial directions and are at the respective free end, each with a foot pedal 19 provided, opposite to the relevant crank 16 one to the rotary shaft 17 parallel axis is rotatably mounted.

Usually located in the gearbox 15 another flywheel and / or brake disc, fixed with the crank 16 is coupled and in their operation resistance, which is to be overcome by the exercising person; usually the flywheel and / or brake disc is a chain with the crank 16 coupled non-rotatably by both on one with the pedal 16 firmly connected wheel 20 as well as on the flywheel and / or brake disc in each case an all-round toothing is provided, wherein the chain engages.

For mounting the retrofit kit 2 First, this flywheel and / or brake disc is removed, possibly after removal of the chain.

Next is the circumference of the gearbox 15 , For example, in the seat direction before this, provided an opening. Before then the retrofit kit according to the invention 2 Installed. This includes a generator 21 , in particular a disc generator. At this or at a wheel coupled thereto a round running toothing is provided, wherein a chain 22 can intervene. This chain will be around the relevant teeth as well as the teeth on the shaft or the wheel 20 the pedal 16 looped and tense. This is the generator 21 rotatably to the pedal 16 coupled and is driven by this.

Now a person pedals 19 , so in the generator 21 induces a voltage u _G , and as soon as a current flow i _G comes to an electric power P _G = u _G · i _{G can be} tapped. This may vary depending on the design of the generator 21 to act a DC, AC or AC.

At the in 1 and 2 this case, this is an AC generator 21 , Its output AC voltage u _G is in a rectifier 23 , preferably a bridge rectifier, into a DC voltage u _Z of a DC link 24 transformed. This intermediate circuit _voltage u _Z can by a capacitor 25 be smoothed, and / or in a connected or connectable accumulator 26 get saved. In addition, consumers of the intermediate circuit _voltage u _Z 27 , For example, light sources such as incandescent or light emitting diodes, are fed, and / or a preferably digital display display 28 In which certain information, including, for example, the currently generated power P _G = u _G · i _G , are displayed.

Furthermore, the intermediate _circuit voltage u _Z serves as an input voltage for an inverter 29 which made it one with the power grid 4 compatible AC voltage at its output 30 generated.

The mains voltage u _N is measured as well as the current i _E fed into the grid. For this purpose, a voltage converter is used 31 on the one hand and a current sensor 32 on the other hand. The measured variable u _u is proportional to the mains voltage u _N , and the measured variable u _i is proportional to the feed current i _E , the proportionality constants are k _u on the one hand and k _i on the other hand: u _u = k _u · u _N , u _i = k _i * i _E , where in general: k _u ≠ k _i .

An operational amplifier or subtractor 33 forms the difference of the two measurement signals Δu = u _u - u _i .

This signal Δu can be used as a control deviation of a control loop 34 to be considered on the inverter 29 acts to minimize the control deviation Δu, ie u _i = u _u desirable. As a result, the following applies: k _i · i _E = k _u · u _N , respectively.: i _E = (k _u / k _i ) · u _N.

If this is always ensured, the feed current i _E oscillates in phase with the grid voltage u _N , and a pure active power P _{E is} fed into the grid, where: P _E = i _E · u _N = (k _u / k _i ) · u _N · u _N = (k _u / k _i ) · u _N ² .

The feed-in power P _E is therefore dependent on the set quotient k _u / k _i .

For the regulator 35 come in various ways: It could, for. B. to act a two-point controller, which only intervenes when the deviation .DELTA.u exceeds or falls below a predetermined limit ± ε. A more precise control can be achieved if an analog, ie non-switching, controller is used for the controller, for example a P or proportional controller or a controller with a proportional or proportional component.

For coupling to the power supply network 4 can be at the output of the inverter 29 a socket 36 or another plug-in connection may be provided. A standard 230 V socket 36 However, it has the advantage that the inverter can also operate in isolated mode, ie without a coupling to a power supply network 4 ,

If the mains voltage U _N is not available as a reference value, then the feed device must 3 generate an oscillation with the desired frequency, for example 50 Hz, yourself. This is done by an oscillator 37 which generates its own reference oscillation. This is done by changing the control structure by flipping a switch 38 in the control loop 34 , preferably between the regulator 35 and the inverter 29 , as a control signal for controlling the power section of the inverter 29 used.

Also the fitness equipment 1' to 3 is a home trainer 5 ' but from another manufacturer, with a factory existing flywheel and / or brake disc between two front side, mutually parallel struts 12 ' , which are provided instead of a column, is installed. frame 6 ' with longitudinal spar 7 ' and lateral outriggers 8th' with rubber feet 9 ' , Saddle 11 ' and front fork 13 ' including handles 14 ' are executed differently than with the fitness equipment 1 , but basically in a similar form.

Here, the flywheel and / or brake disc is completely removed and instead the generator 21 ' as part of a retrofit kit according to the invention 2 ' built-in.

The generator 21 ' is in 4 shown enlarged. In the process, the generator becomes 21 ' Mounted directly on a flywheel, especially as a retrofit kit. It can be seen that this is a ring-shaped rotor 39 and on one side thereof a stator 40 each with a variety of coils 41 having. By the rotor 39 Connected directly to the existing flywheel, he experiences thereby a centering, which guarantees its concentricity. Not visible is that in the annular rotor disk 39 a plurality of permanent magnets are incorporated or attached thereto, each with alternating polarity. These permanent magnets move with rotating rotor 39 on the coils 41 in the stator 40 pass by and induce alternating voltages u _{G there} . The spools 41 are wound on iron cores, and directed with their longitudinal axes star-shaped outward. This stator 40 is firmly connected to the frame after concentric in the rotor ring 39 is used. When the number of permanent magnets and the number of coils 41 are all equal, all these AC voltages are either in phase or phase-shifted by 180 °. They can therefore be connected in parallel, with the polarity of successive coils 41 is to be reversed so that all AC voltages u _G swing in a common phase. By the parallel connection one obtains a total current i _G = Σi _μ , and that of the generator 23 ' generated generator active power P _G results in P _G = u _G · i _G. This can be processed as well as in 2 shown. Depending on the structure of a connected rectifier, the coils 41 also be connected with one end in the star, in particular those coils 41 which are circumferentially offset by 120 ° or by one of the number of pole pairs p corresponding fraction (120 ° / p) thereof against each other and thus are expected to a common three-phase system.

It is important to ensure that the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnets in or on the rotor 39 via magnetically conductive materials as possible, such as iron or the like, through the stator coils 41 can continue. For this purpose, it may be advantageous for the stator coils 41 on cores of iron od. Like. Magnetically conductive material are wound, and also yokes of iron od. Like. Be provided to focus the magnetic field lines and lead.

A modified generator design 21 '' is in the 5 to 8th played. You realize that the generator 21 '' also one has disc-shaped shape. However, here is the rotor 39 '' not laterally surrounded by two stator halves, but he is in turn in two ring-shaped halves 39a '' . 39b '' split, which on a common hub body 42 are fixed, in a mutual distance, so that between the two annular disc-shaped Genertorhälften 39a '' . 39b '' a disk-shaped stator component 40 '' located.

Just this disc-shaped stator component 40 '' is in 7 to see, in a section along the disk plane. You can see a total of twelve equal coils 41 '' , which in the circumferential direction of the annular stator disc 40 '' strung together. The winding or longitudinal axes of these coils 41 '' run parallel to the axis of rotation of the generator rotor 39 '' , As a result, the chained magnetic flux needs these coils 41 '' in just this direction, so perpendicular to the plane of the stator, enforce. For this purpose, on the mutually facing inner sides of the two annular disk-shaped rotor halves 39a '' . 39b '' each permanent magnet 43 fastened, for example screwed or glued, preferably in such a way that the mutually facing sides of a pair of magnets 43a . 43b , in particular neodymium magnets, at the same azimuth position carry entschiedliche magnetic poles, so once a magnetic north pole, the other times a magnetic south pole, such as

6 lets recognize. The magnetic field lines thus extend straight from the south pole of a magnet 43a to the north pole of the associated magnet 43b and enforce the stator 40 '' including the coils there 41 '' perpendicular to the relevant Statorscheibenebene. This leads to a maximum concatenation of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets with the coils 41 '' , and thus to a maximum induction in the latter.

According to 8th In each case a plurality of coils are connected in series, and that in each case offset by a pole pitch of 3 coils arranged coils, so for example, the coils L1, L4, L7 and L10. Since in each case in-phase voltages are induced in these coils, they add up linearly. Furthermore, several such series circuits are interconnected at each end to a neutral point. This results in a three-phase system with three 120 ° electrically mutually shifted star point voltages U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ , which each correspond to a multiple of the individual induced voltages, for example: U ₁ = U _L1 + U _L4 + U _L7 + U _L10 = 4 · U _L1 . Since the sum of all induced voltages remains constant in a three-phase system, a person pedaling feels only a completely uniform resistance.

As can be seen from the drawing, the hub body 42 of the rotor 39 '' in side shots 43 of the frame 6 '' of the fitness equipment 1'' stored, which previously served the attachment of a brake and / or flywheel. Further, on the hub body 43 laterally next to the two rotor ring halves 39a '' . 39b '' an area with a circumferential toothing 44 provided, wherein a chain engages, the one with the crank 16 '' rotatably connected, provided with an all-round toothing wheel wraps around and thereby the generator 21 '' rotatable with the crank 16 '' coupled.

The annular stator disc 40 '' is along its outer circumference in several places on a holding cross 45 or star attached, for example, to the rotary shaft 46 of the rotor 39 '' parallel spacer screws 47 or bolt. The holding cross 45 or the holding star is in its center, ie where its arms or rays unite, on the frame 6 '' or at an area of a front strut 12 '' fixed, if necessary in one of the photographs there 43 , Selecting the rotor 39 '' around the axis of the rotary shaft 46 is mounted rotatably, preferably by means of rolling bearings, is a stator 40 '' carrying holding cross 45 or supporting holding star, however, fixed non-rotatably.

9 finally shows a block diagram of a feed circuit 3 ⁽³⁾ intended for commercial applications, especially for fitness centers where a variety of exercise or fitness equipment 1 ⁽³⁾ are available and sometimes easy to use.

Here, the arrangement according to the diagram after 2 be divided into a training or fitness device 1 ⁽³⁾ associated, device specific parts 47a . 47b . 47c . 47d and in a common part 48 for coupling to the power supply network 4 ⁽³⁾ . The all parts 47a . 47b . 47c . 47d . 48 Coupling with each other is the intermediate circuit 24 ⁽³⁾ . In the illustrated arrangement, the intermediate circuit 24 ^{(3) designed} as a DC link, with a positive voltage rail 49 and a negative voltage rail 50 , The voltage u _Z in the DC link 24 ⁽³⁾ can be through one or more capacitors 25a ⁽³⁾ , 25b ⁽³⁾ , 25c ⁽³⁾ , 25d (3) be smoothed and / or in an accumulator 26 ^{(3) be} cached or buffered.

The device-specific parts 47a . 47b . 47c . 47d preferably each have the same structure, and each includes one to a movable part of a fitness device 1a ⁽³⁾ , 1b ⁽³⁾ , 1c ⁽³⁾ , 1d ⁽³⁾ , in particular to a pedal crank 16a ⁽³⁾ , 16 ^{(3 )} , 16c ^{( 3 )} , 16d ^{(3 )} , coupled generator 21a ⁽³⁾ , 21b ⁽³⁾ , 21c ⁽³⁾ , 21d ⁽³⁾ , preferably for generating an alternating voltage, in a subsequent rectifier 23a ⁽³⁾ , 23b ⁽³⁾ , 23c ⁽³⁾ , 23d ⁽³⁾ rectified and possibly by a capacitor connected to its output 25a ⁽³⁾ , 25b ⁽³⁾ , 25c ^{(3 )} , 25d ^{(3) is} smoothed.

Because the rectifier 23a ⁽³⁾ , 23b ⁽³⁾ , 23c ⁽³⁾ , 23d ⁽³⁾ allow only one current flow in a single direction anyway, the different, device-specific parts 47a . 47b . 47c . 47d largely hard on the common DC link 24 ⁽³⁾ are turned on. There the powers P _Ga , P _Gb , P _Gc , P _Gd add up to a total generator power: PG = ΣP _Gμ .

All of this power may come from the appropriately sized common part 48 in the power grid 4 ⁽³⁾ . Due to the higher power for this purpose, a three-phase feed is provided, ie, a three-phase inverter 29 ⁽³⁾ with three AC outlets 30 ⁽³⁾ , whose voltages are each phase-shifted by 120 °.

Of the 9 can be further seen that the inverter outputs 30 ⁽³⁾ not directly with the phases of the power grid 4 ^{(3) are} connected, but via inductors 51 which limit equalizing currents and voltage deviations between the network 4 ⁽³⁾ and the inverter outputs 30 ⁽³⁾ allow. In order to further simplify the regulation described below, it would also be possible to use shunt resistors instead of the choke coils 51 be used; however, these indicate a power loss.

As 9 further shows, the three phase voltages 52 of the network 4 ⁽³⁾ against the potential of its center conductor 53 measured, and from this can in a following calculation stage 54 a complex voltage vector U _Nm can be determined, which is linked via a proportionality factor k _N to the actual, complex voltage vector U _N , ie: U _Nm = k _N · U _N , where 0 <k _N <1.

The voltage measurement could easily be done by means of voltage dividers 55 be effected, in which case the measured voltages on the center conductor used for grounding 53 are related.

The same applies to the three output voltages of the three-phase inverter 29 ⁽³⁾ procedures, ie, these voltages 30 ⁽³⁾ are each opposite to a, for example, created by a star circuit of resistors, virtual star point 56 measured, for which, for example, voltage divider 57 can be used, which simultaneously represent the resistance star. Possibly. after potential separation, these measurement signals become a subsequent calculation stage 58 from which determines therefrom a complex voltage vector U _Wm , which has a proportionality factor k _W with the actual, complex voltage vector U _{W of} the three-phase inverter output signals 30 ^{(3) is} linked, so: U _Wm = k _W · U _W , where 0 <k _N <1.

The voltage .DELTA.U determined by forming the difference U = _W - U _N falls over the designed as a choke coil with the complex reactance L Koppelreaktanzen 51 so that for the complex pointer of the feed stream I _E : ΔU = L · I _E respectively.: I _E = ΔU / L

Thus, the complex voltage vector of the feed-in current I _E can be determined, and with it finally the active power fed into the network: P _E = I _E * U _N = U _N * ΔU / L = U _N * (U _W -U _N ) / L = ( U _N * U _W -U _N ² ) / L.

This active power P _E can then by appropriate adjustment of the complex voltage vector U _W at the output of the three-phase inverter 29 ⁽³⁾ .

As long as the inductance L of the choke coils 51 is not too large, for example, the proportional factors k _N , k _{W could} be set differently. Despite this different setting, the measurement signals U _Wm , U _Nm for the two voltage systems 30 ⁽³⁾ , 4 ⁽³⁾ from each other in a subtractor 33 ⁽³⁾ subtracted from each other, preferably in the complex plane: ΔU _m = U _Nm - U _Wm

Then, the control by influencing the power section of the three-phase inverter 29 ⁽³⁾ so that this difference is as close as possible to zero: ΔU _m = U _Nm - U _Wm = 0

If this is due to a suitable design of the regulator 35 ^{(3) is} reached, the following applies: U _Wm = k _W · U _W = U _Nm = k _N · U _N , ie: U _W = (k _N / k _W ) · U _N.

If k _N > k _W , the inverter output voltage U _{W is} in phase with the mains voltage U _N , but has a higher amplitude, so that it has a feed current I _E = ( U _W - U _N ) / L = (k _N / k _W - 1) · U _N ./ L into the power grid 4 ⁽³⁾ drives into it.

The invention was based on a home trainer 5 or bicycle ergometer as a training or fitness device 1 described; Of course, the feed-in principle is also applicable to other exercise or fitness equipment 1 transferable and usable in conjunction with those. Particularly suitable for this purpose are: treadmills, rowing ergometers, crosstrainers, steppers, various cable pull training devices, power training devices, etc. Decisive is the presence of moving parts, one of which drive power for a generator 21 can be tapped.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fitness device

2

retrofit kit

3

feed device

4

power grid

5

exercise bike

6

frame

7

longeron

8th

boom

9

Gummifuß

10

Seat tube support

11

saddle

12

pillar

13

fork

14

The End

15

gearbox

16

crank

17

rotary shaft

18

crank

19

pedal

20

wheel

21

generator

22

Chain

23

rectifier

24

DC

25

capacitor

26

accumulator

27

consumer

28

display display

29

inverter

30

output

31

DC converter

32

current sensor

33

subtractor

34

loop

35

regulator

36

socket

37

oscillator

38

switch

39

rotor

40

stator

41

Kitchen sink

42

hub body

43

admission

44

gearing

45

holding cross

46

rotary shaft

47

device-specific part

48

common part

49

positive voltage rail

50

negative voltage rail

51

inductor

52

phase voltage

53

Neutral conductor

54

calculation stage

55

voltage divider

56

virtual starpoint

57

voltage divider

58

calculation stage

Claims (37)

Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ), for example in the form of a home trainer, with an energy converter for converting the energy consumed into electricity, for example a generator ( 21 ) or dynamo, characterized in that the energy converter on the output side a device ( 3 ) for the supply of electricity to a public power grid ( 4 ) is connected downstream. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device ( 3 ) for power supply an AC output ( 30 ), preferably a single- or three-phase AC output ( 30 ). Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device ( 3 ) for supplying power, a device for synchronizing the output AC voltage ( 30 ) with the AC voltage of the public power grid ( 4 ) having. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the AC output ( 30 ) via a reactance ( 51 ) with the public power grid ( 4 ), in particular via a single- or three-phase reactance ( 51 ). Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the public power grid ( 4 ) and / or at the AC output ( 30 ) of the institution ( 3 ) for supplying power at least one voltage transformer ( 31 . 55 . 57 ) and / or sensor is coupled. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the voltage transformer ( 57 ) at the rotary or AC output ( 30 ) of the institution ( 3 ) for power supply has a slightly larger reduction than the voltage transformer ( 55 ) on the public power grid ( 4 ). Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the signal of at least one voltage transformer ( 31 . 55 ) and / or sensors on the public power grid ( 4 ) as setpoint for a synchronization and / or control circuit ( 34 ) serves. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the signal of at least one voltage transformer ( 57 ) and / or sensors at the rotary or AC output ( 30 ) of the institution ( 3 ) for current injection as the actual value for a synchronization and / or control circuit ( 34 ) serves. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the signal of a current transformer ( 32 ) and / or sensors at the AC output ( 30 ) of the institution ( 3 ) for current injection as the actual value for a synchronization and / or control circuit ( 34 ) serves. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 7 in conjunction with claim 8 or 9, characterized by a subtractor ( 33 ) to form a difference between the setpoint and the actual value. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that based on the difference between the setpoint and actual value, the output voltage at the rotary or alternating current output ( 30 ) of the institution ( 3 ) is regulated for power supply. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller ( 35 ) is a two-position controller. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller ( 35 ) is a proportional controller or has a proportional component. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as an actuator of the output amplifier of an inverter ( 30 ) or an inverter assembly ( 30 ) serves. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter ( 30 ) or the inverter assembly ( 30 ) has a switched or clocked output amplifier. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter assembly ( 30 ) Is part of an inverter. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy converter is a generator ( 21 ), in particular a DC generator or alternator or alternator. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy converter is a multi-pole alternating current generator ( 21 ). Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the energy converter, in particular generator ( 21 ), is greater than its length. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 39 ) of the generator ( 21 ) has the shape of a disk. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that the rotor ( 39 ) of the generator ( 21 ) one or preferably a plurality of magnets, for example, hard magnetic permanent magnets, preferably neodymium magnets whose polarity preferably alternates along the circumferential direction. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the stator ( 40 ) of the generator ( 21 ) one or preferably several coils ( 41 ), in which the magnets passing by it on or in the rotor ( 39 ) induce an alternating electrical voltage. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that on both sides of a disk-shaped stator ( 39 ) Rotor coils ( 41 ) are arranged on which are preferably neodymium magnets. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the coils ( 41 ) in or on the stator ( 40 ) are arranged in the manner of a preferably multi-pole winding, in particular three-phase winding. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotary or alternator ( 21 ) a rectifier ( 23 ) is connected downstream. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the DC output of the rectifier ( 23 ) and / or provided with a plug connection, so that the rectifier ( 23 ) of several fitness devices ( 1 ) can be switched parallel. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the DC output of the rectifier ( 23 ) an accumulator ( 26 ) is connected or connectable. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one of the generator ( 21 ) and / or from an accumulator charged therefrom ( 26 ) fed display element ( 28 ) for displaying in the public electricity grid ( 4 ) currently fed power and / or for displaying the state of charge of a battery and / or for displaying further information such as the currently exercised by a person exercising performance. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one of the generator ( 21 ) and / or from a DC, AC or three-phase voltage supplied therefrom ( 27 ), in particular in the form of a light source. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims in the form of a pedal ( 19 ) drivable home exercise bike ( 5 ), characterized in that the generator ( 21 ) on one of the crankshaft axis ( 17 ) vertically interspersed plane leading to both pedals ( 19 ) has approximately equal distances, is arranged. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims in the form of a pedal ( 19 ) drivable home exercise bike ( 5 ), characterized in that the generator ( 21 ) is installed instead of a flywheel and / or brake disc. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator ( 21 ) by means of a chain ( 22 ) is driven, preferably by means of a toothing in a circumferential area of the generator ( 21 ), in particular on its outer periphery, frictionally engaging chain ( 22 ), or preferably via a chain pinion connected to the rotor of the generator, which in particular has a smaller number of teeth z ₂ than the chain wheel of the pedal crank ( 16 ). Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 39 ) of the generator ( 21 ) is mounted on a freewheel, so that it can continue to rotate when an interruption of pedaling. Exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device ( 3 ) for the supply of electricity to a public power grid ( 4 ) possibly together with the energy converter, in particular generator ( 21 ), on the exercise or fitness equipment ( 1 ) can be retrofitted. Retrofit kit ( 2 ) for a training or fitness device ( 1 ), for example in the form of a home trainer ( 5 ), characterized by a device ( 3 ) for feeding with the exercise or fitness device ( 1 ) in the form of electricity in a public power grid ( 4 ). Retrofit kit ( 2 ) for a training or fitness device ( 1 ) according to claim 35, characterized by an energy converter for converting the energy expended into electricity, for example a generator ( 21 ) or dynamo to which the device ( 3 ) for feeding with the exercise or fitness device ( 1 ) into a public power grid ( 4 ) is connected downstream. Retrofit kit ( 2 ) for a training or fitness device ( 1 ) according to claim 36 or 36, characterized by a design of the feed device ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 34.

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