DE202011108915U1 - Multi-storey oven - Google Patents

Abstract

Multi-storey furnace (1) comprising a support structure, characterized in that the support structure contains a group of modules (3, 5) arranged vertically one above the other, between at least one pair of a first (3) and a second (5) of the modules one Chamber (7) is described in which a filling (4) flows, which undergoes a heat treatment and in which each of the modules (3, 5) comprises a cylindrical hollow body (21) and an annular hollow body (37), which is above the cylindrical Hollow body (21) is positioned and designed to form a side wall (39) of the chamber (7), a first (25) and a second (41) intermediate space being provided in both hollow bodies (21, 37), in which a heating fluid (27) flows, which serves to heat the filling (4).

Description

SUMMARY

The invention relates to a multi-storey oven ( 1 ), which comprises a support structure, said support structure in turn a group of vertically stacked modules ( 3 . 5 ); at least one pair of a first ( 3 ) and a pair of a second ( 5 ) mentioned modules with each other a chamber ( 7 ), in which a filling ( 4 ) flows to the heat treatment and wherein each of said modules ( 3 . 5 ) a cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) and an annular hollow body ( 37 ), which above the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) and the formation of a side wall ( 39 ) mentioned chamber ( 7 ), wherein in the two hollow bodies ( 21 . 37 ) a first ( 25 ) and a second ( 41 ) Intermediate space are provided, in which a heating fluid ( 27 ) flows, said filling ( 4 ) heated.

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a multi-storey oven.

In particular, the present invention relates to a multi-storey oven in which the material processed inside the multi-storey oven is predominantly or completely indirectly heated.

Typically, a multi-storey oven consists of a series of round chambers which function as hearths placed one above the other and encased in a steel bowl covered with a refractory lining.

The filling, which generally consists of loose material, is fed at the hearth above.

In the center of the furnace, a vertical rotary shaft is provided, which is equipped at each hearth with rotating arms, which are provided with small blades which - depending on their inclination relative to the axis of the arm - transport the filling spirally to each hearth, passing through alternately arranged openings in the different levels to the outside or the stove center run.

The solid end product is dumped down through one or more doors.

In general, the warm gases introduced and / or generated in the lower hearths counter-flow to heat the filling that comes from above.

In some cases, the heat is generated by burning the same filling; in other cases, the heat is supplied by the combustion products of an auxiliary fuel which is burned in the hearths directly or in a separate combustion chamber.

Variants are permissible in the gas flow, which can also run in the same flow or transverse to the filling movement.

The multi-level ovens have several advantages: an effective control of the temperature and the time of retention of the material in the oven, a great flexibility in the introduction, movement and removal of the materials, as well as in the atmospheres in the hearths, the oxidation or reduction atmospheres or neutral can.

The fact that there is a thin layer of material in each hearth, compared to the width of the hearth, creates an improvement in gas-solid contact, while minimizing the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the layer of material.

The movement of the rotary arms - usually two or even four, if a larger movement of the filling is desired - guarantees the uniformity of the conversion processes that take place therein.

The multi-storey furnaces according to the current state of the art can not be used in certain situations. One of these situations occurs, for. B. when a part of the filling has been associated with oxidizing air in order to obtain heat and / or to achieve that the resulting during combustion auxiliary gases mix with the gases due to the filling due to the in their Oven reached temperature arise.

In order to achieve the heating of the filling in these cases, various solutions have been proposed.

US Pat. No. US 7,802,528 For example, pyrolysis of solid waste products involves processing the waste of combustion chambers at high temperature. The oven described in the patent has an exhaust flow from top to bottom which sinks into a single vertical chamber in which passages for an external heating fluid are present which have a dual function: they add heat by increasing the contact area and cause a mixing of the falling material by an interruption of its path, which trigger the said passages.

US Pat. No. US 4,319,557 describes, for example, an exchange furnace, which is achieved by means of a special jacket construction thereof.

US Pat. No. US 4,449,510 For example, which is stated to be particularly suitable for cereals and similar materials, for example, describes a refractory vertical furnace in which the indirect heating is achieved by means of a series of metal tubes arranged both serpentine and vertical, in which the warm gases flow.

Finally, US Pat. US 6,470,878 an exchange furnace, with parallel multi-gas flows that move the heating fluid between the two opposite sides in a curved path.

However, the prior art does not disclose multistage ovens for those applications in which the object of the heat treatment is the pyrolysis of organic substances and in which the heat necessary to achieve the desired reactions is wholly or at least predominantly supplied by indirect heating.

The purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide a multistage furnace which allows the heat treatment of substances for which the heat required to achieve the required reactions is supplied by indirect heating.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-level oven that is easy to assemble and cost effective.

These and other objects of the invention are achieved with a multi-level oven as required in the claims attached hereto which are fully incorporated herein.

The present invention also relates to a method for realizing a multi-storey oven.

In summary, the present invention describes a multi-level oven that is structurally comparable to a conventional multi-level oven, but which in fact has the typical functionality of an indirect heat exchange oven.

The multi-storey oven which is the subject of the present invention comprises a metal structure because the metals have increased heat exchange values and it is designed to achieve increased heat exchange across the surfaces surrounding the hearths of the oven itself.

The material flows inside the chambers, which are surrounded by surfaces that conduct the heat of a warm liquid flowing on the opposite side of said surfaces.

The multi-storey furnace according to the present invention comprises superimposed metal modules consisting of a hollow cylinder body and an annular hollow body, which is arranged above the cylinder hollow body. Thus, the central portion of the curvature of the cylindrical hollow body, which acts both as a stiffener and as a material support by forming the ground plane of a stove chamber, also performs the function of the heat exchanger, since it has contact on the opposite side with a heating liquid provided for this purpose.

The ring, which rests on the external portion of the camber of the cylinder body, has the following dual function: Support of the modules above, with the exception of the top module and the heat exchange.

Further inventive features are the subject of the appended claims, which are intended to be a full part of the present specification.

The above objects are more clearly illustrated in the detailed description of the multi-level oven with particular reference to attached figures. Show it:

1 a multi-storey oven according to the invention, comprising at least a first and a second module, which constitute a module pair;

the 2 and 3 each a schematic perspective of the first and second module of the multi-storey oven 1 ;

the 4 and 5 each one section parallel to the vertical axis of the modules 2 and 3 ;

the 6 a schematic view of a lower portion of the first or second module of the 2 and 3 ,

• – eine Stützstruktur (nicht dargestellt), vorzugsweise aus Metall, vorgesehen, um mindestens ein erstes Modul 3 und ein zweites Modul 5 aufzunehmen, wobei die Module 3 und 5 ein Modulpaar 3, 5 bilden;
• – mindestens ein Modulpaar 3, 5, vorzugsweise in Metallausführung, vorgesehen, um übereinander angeordnet zu werden, so dass eine Gruppe von Kammern 7 oder Herdstellen entsteht – im Wesentlichen in Kreisform – in denen ein erstes Modul 3 oberhalb auf einem zweiten Modul 5 aufliegt, und für Letzteres die obere Abgrenzung bildet;
• – eine Zentralwelle 9, die durch alle ersten Module 3 und zweiten Module 5 läuft und dabei durch die entsprechenden mittigen Löcher 11 führt, mit denen die Module 3, 5 versehen sind: In Entsprechung mit jeder Kammer 7 unterstützt die Zentralwelle 9 die Dreharme 13, die mit kleinen Schaufeln 15 ausgestattet sind und – entsprechend ihrer Neigung gegenüber der Achse des Dreharms 13 – die Füllung 4 spiralförmig in jede Kammer 7 transportieren und die Löcher 17 für den Transport der Füllung 4 durchlaufen. Das Loch 17 befindet sich in der Nähe des Hauptlochs 11 für das erste Modul 3 und in der Nähe der Seitenwand 39 für das zweite Modul 5.

With reference to the 1 . 2 and 3 becomes a one-story stove 1 which according to the invention comprises at least the following:

• - A support structure (not shown), preferably made of metal, provided at least a first module 3 and a second module 5 to pick up, with the modules 3 and 5 a module pair 3 . 5 form;
• - at least one module pair 3 . 5 , preferably in metal construction, provided to be arranged one above the other, so that a group of chambers 7 or hearths arises - essentially in a circle - in which a first module 3 above on a second module 5 and for the latter forms the upper limit;
• - a central shaft 9 passing through all the first modules 3 and second modules 5 runs through the corresponding central holes 11 leads, with which the modules 3 . 5 are: In accordance with each chamber 7 supports the central shaft 9 the rotating arms 13 that with small shovels 15 are equipped and - according to their inclination relative to the axis of the rotary arm 13 - the filling 4 spiral into each chamber 7 transport and the holes 17 for the transport of the filling 4 run through. The hole 17 is located near the main hole 11 for the first module 3 and near the side wall 39 for the second module 5 ,

• – Mittel, um die Füllung 4 von oben zu beladen und Mittel zur Entnahme eines festes Endprodukts 19 von unten;
• – Mittel zur Extraktion von im mehrstöckigen Ofen 1 befindlichen Gasen unten oder oben, wobei genannte Mittel für die Extraktion entsprechend Füllungstyp und spezieller Anwendung ausgelegt sind, die mit dem mehrstöckigen Ofen 1 auszuführen ist;
• – Mittel zur vorzugsweise langsamen Drehungsausführung der Mittelwelle 9, die das Material, die Füllung 4, mittels Dreharme 13 in eine, abwechselnd nach außen und innen, spiralförmige Bewegung versetzt;
• – Mittel zur Einführung von Druckluft zur Kühlung in die Mittelwelle 9 und in die Dreharme 13, falls diese in Hohlausführung vorliegen, um derartige Kühlung zu erreichen.

According to the invention, the multi-storey oven 1 Other means (not shown) include:

• - Means to the filling 4 loaded from above and means for taking a solid end product 19 from underneath;
• - Means of extraction in multi-storey oven 1 gases located below or above, said means being adapted for extraction according to the type of filling and special application used with the multi-storey oven 1 is to execute;
• - Means for preferably slow rotation execution of the central shaft 9 that the stuffing, the stuffing 4 , by means of rotating arms 13 in one, alternately outwardly and inwardly, helical movement offset;
• - means for introducing compressed air for cooling in the medium wave 9 and in the swivel arms 13 if they are in hollow design to achieve such cooling.

Any means can be used to cool the shaft and arms.

This cooling is optional, as the multi-level oven of the present invention can also be used for loose materials which must not be processed at high temperatures, e.g. For example, cereal grains for drying or other substances that must be heated with care to prevent exceeding temperatures that could damage the substances.

With regard to the 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 include the first module 3 and the second module 5 each below a cylindrical hollow body 21 , both as a sole 23 the chamber 7 as well as a gap 25 acts in which a suitably suitable heating fluid 27 flows, indicated in 6 which is intended to be in the chamber 7 filling 4 of the first module 3 and the second module 5 to heat up, both by means of indirect heat exchange and via the sole 23 and the side wall 39 the chamber 7 happens.

The cylindrical hollow body 21 points in an edge position of its base 29 an opening 31 down, the purpose of which is the heating fluid 27 Access to named space 25 To provide.

Inside the gap 25 is a group of partitions 33 provided (not shown in the two sections of the 4 and 5 ) between the base 29 and a vault 35 of the cylindrical hollow body 21 are arranged and connected to them so that a seal for the heating fluid 27 arises.

The movement of the heating fluid 27 is thus subject along the route 34 numerous changes of direction, so that each inner surface of the cylindrical hollow body 21 is touched by the heating fluid and thus in the course of a high flow velocity is achieved 50 that the heat exchange between the gap 25 and the chamber 7 of the first module 3 over that part of the vault 35 that as a sole 23 the chamber 7 acts as well - over the base 29 - between the gap 25 and the chamber 7 of the second module 5 , immediately below, is enlarged.

Number, shape and position of the partitions 33 can therefore have a different design than in 6 displayed.

Both the first module 3 as well as the second module 5 moreover comprise an annular hollow body 37 , preferably quadrangular, which is above the mentioned cylindrical hollow body 21 is stored, both as a side wall 39 the chamber 7 as well as second space 41 acts in which the heating fluid 27 flows after the heating fluid 27 the gap 25 of the cylindrical hollow body 21 has flowed through.

For this purpose, in a correspondingly favorable position of the cylindrical hollow body 21 and the annular hollow body 37 the modules 3 . 5 a second opening 43 provided to the transition of the heating fluid 27 from the gap 25 of the cylindrical hollow body 21 second gap 41 of the annular hollow body 37 to ensure.

After the heating fluid 27 through in the vault 35 provided opening 43 in the annular hollow body 37 has entered, it flows through the entire second annular space 41 and gives heat to the side wall 39 the chamber 7 until they have a third opening 45 achieved in a section above the annular hollow body 37 lies; in this position z. B. the opening 31 of the first module above 3 which is above, to the third opening 45 in the second lower module 5 customized.

The in the heating fluid 27 contained heat can be produced by means of a substitute fuel from a corresponding heat generation system based on known technologies: z. B. if the heating fluid 27 consists of combustion products, they are produced in a separate combustion chamber.

In general, the heating fluid flows 27 in the opposite direction to the slope of the filling 4 from top to bottom. The heating fluid 27 does not come with the filling 4 in contact, as well as those of the filling 4 even optionally produced gases. This is how the multi-storey stove points 1 , the at least one module pair 3 . 5 includes, the special feature on that in all modules 3 . 5 the filling 4 above, below and laterally surrounded by heating surfaces, preferably with a high thermal conductivity. An obvious exception concerns the case that the module 3 the first module above the stove 1 is and the means of loading stuffing 4 do not provide indirect heat exchange from above.

The multi-storey oven 1 can according to the invention also means for thermal insulation of the multi-storey oven 1 From the outside, so that the heat loss to the environment is maximally contained and therefore the use of heat energy in the heating fluid 27 is included, is increased.

The multi-storey oven 1 according to the present invention 1 can be carried out completely in modular form, there - over the modules 3 . 5 out - also the medium wave 9 and the swivel arms 13 may have a modular shape.

For this purpose, a first lower module is provided 5a ( 1 ) on the support structure of the multi-storey oven 1 to position. Thereafter, a lower module 5a a section of the central shaft 9 in which already the rotating arms 13 are inserted in an appropriate number according to the application - preferably four pieces per chamber 7 of the oven 1 - in the main hole 11 introduced. Now above a lower module 5a a module 3a positioned and in the central hole 11 of the upper module 3 another section of the center shaft equipped with arms 9 , new inserted. The individual sections of the medium wave 9 are then interconnected by flanges, arranged below and above, to the creation of the main shaft 9 to complete. O. g. Procedures repeat for each module pair 3 . 5 until the desired number of levels is reached.

As explained above, both the central shaft 9 as well as the rotating arms 13 designed as a hollow body, once the operating temperatures of the multi-storey oven 1 require it, so that air can flow in their interior for cooling.

The multi-storey oven 1 is suitable for many applications, both conventional, such as for the drying of bulk material of any kind, as well as specific type such as the pyrolysis of an organic substance both in pure culture and mixed with other substances - such. B. in solid waste. If, in the latter application, pyrolysis in a high water vapor atmosphere is desired, the multi-level oven is used 1 Steam in DC direction to the top of the filling 4 fed. If the water vapor is mainly under near atmospheric pressure, it can be heated in advance even to very high temperatures and thus becomes a direct source of heat, which is in direct contact with the combustion products - outside the chamber 7 of the multi-storey oven 1 circulate - supplied indirect heat connects.

The solid end product 19 , the gases produced by the pyrolysis charge and the water vapor (with the exception of the part possibly involved in the pyrolysis reactions) exiting below through a single outlet or separately (on one side of the solids and on the other the gases) ,

From the above description it becomes clear that the material that the filling 4 represents and in the chamber 7 is contained, above a central part of the vault 35 , below a sole 23 and laterally from a wall 39 which all have the function of an indirect heat exchanger, since they are in their respective areas opposite the chamber 7 the heat from a heating fluid 27 obtained in appropriate intervals 25 . 41 circulates the flow of heating fluid 27 allow what through a group of any further modules 3 . 5 is achieved by a lower module 5 of the multi-storey oven 1 to an upper module 3 or vice versa, without contact with the atmosphere of the chambers 7 and subject to the approval of the heat treatment of substances for which the Required reactions necessary heat is supplied by means of indirect heating.

From the above description, therefore, both the characteristics of the present invention and its advantages are clear.

A first advantage of the present invention is that the multi-level oven according to the present invention allows the utilization of many of the inherent advantages of a conventional multi-level oven, even if the properties of the filling and / or process to take place herein that would not allow the use of a multi-storey oven.

A second advantage of the present invention is that the multi-storey oven according to the present invention is a modular form and therefore easy to assemble.

The possible variants of the multi-storey oven described as an example are numerous, without deviating from the actual novelty principles of the inventive idea. Furthermore, it is clear that the shapes of the depicted details may differ in their respective practice and that the same may be replaced by technically equivalent elements.

Therefore, it will be readily understood that the present invention is not limited to a multi-level oven, but that it is susceptible to various changes, improvements, replacement of parts and equivalent elements without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the following Claims more clearly specified.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 7802528 [0016]
• US 4319557 [0017]
• US 4449510 [0018]
• US 6470878 [0019]

Claims (9)

Multi-storey oven ( 1 ), which comprises a support structure, characterized in that the support structure contains a group of vertically stacked modules ( 3 . 5 ), wherein between at least one pair of a first ( 3 ) and a second ( 5 ) of modules a chamber ( 7 ), in which a filling ( 4 ) undergoes a heat treatment and in which each of the modules ( 3 . 5 ) a cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) and an annular hollow body ( 37 ), which above the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) is positioned and adapted to a side wall ( 39 ) the chamber ( 7 ), wherein in both hollow bodies ( 21 . 37 ) a first ( 25 ) or a second ( 41 ) Intermediate space are provided, in which a heating fluid ( 27 ), which serves to fill ( 4 ) to heat. Multi-storey oven according to claim 1 with the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ), which is at a marginal position of its own base ( 29 ) a first opening ( 31 ), which allows the heating fluid ( 27 ) into the first space ( 25 ) entry. Multi-storey oven according to claim 2, wherein in the first space ( 25 ) a group of partitions ( 33 ) provided between the base ( 29 ) and a vault ( 35 ) of the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) are arranged, wherein the partitions ( 33 ) for the heating fluid ( 27 ) a distance ( 34 ) define. Multi-storey oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein in the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) and in the annular hollow body ( 37 ) a second opening ( 43 ) is provided, the flow of the heating fluid ( 27 ) of the first ( 25 ) and second space ( 41 ). Multi-storey oven according to claim 2, wherein in the annular hollow body ( 37 ) a third opening ( 45 ) is provided at the position corresponding to the first opening ( 31 ). Multi-storey oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the cylindrical hollow body ( 21 ) a central hole ( 11 ) for the passage of a central shaft ( 9 ) - in accordance with each chamber ( 7 ) - rotary arms ( 13 ) with small blades ( 15 ) and serve the filling ( 4 ) in the interior of said chamber ( 7 ) to move. Multi-storey oven according to claim 6, wherein the central shaft ( 9 ) and the rotary arms ( 13 ) Are hollow bodies, wherein for the introduction of compressed air for the purpose of cooling in the central shaft ( 9 ) and in the rotary arms ( 13 ) Means are provided. Multi-storey oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein means for heat insulation of the multi-storey oven ( 1 ) are provided from the outside. Multi-storey oven according to one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more of the following means: - means for loading the filling ( 4 ) above and means for removing the solid end product ( 19 below; Means for extraction below or above that in the multi-storey oven ( 1 ), the extraction means being of the type of filling ( 4 ) and correspond to the specific application to be carried out with the multi-storey oven; Means for carrying out a preferably slow rotation of the main shaft ( 9 ) to the filling ( 4 ) a spiral rotational movement, alternately outwardly and inwardly by means of the rotary arms ( 13 ) to undergo.

Images