DE202019104287U1 - Device for drying, in particular biomass, and compact system for drying - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (10) for drying, in particular for drying biomass, with at least one upper and one lower drying surface (11, 12), which are spaced apart in the vertical direction, to which material, in particular biomass, can be spread over a surface for drying, wherein Spreading the material, in particular the biomass, of at least one traction means (14) movable or moving conveyor elements (16) are provided, wherein the at least one traction means (14) is arranged circumferentially around the upper drying surface (11).

Description

The invention relates to a device for drying material, in particular for drying moistened or moisture-containing mass or sludge or moistened or moisture-containing parts or granules, such as metal shavings or wood chips. In particular, the invention relates to a device for drying biomass, such as sewage sludge, milk sludge, spent grains, fermentation residues, manure, animal manure or biogas manure. The invention further relates to a compact system with a plurality of such devices for drying.

For drying sewage sludge, it is known to distribute it in a plane as uniformly as possible on a drying surface and then to dry it, in particular under the influence of solar radiation. In this case, it can prove to be particularly helpful to apply the layer-like applied to the drying surface biomass during the drying process one or more times. The drying process is typically carried out in buildings suitable for this purpose, which are designed in particular like halls or in the manner of greenhouses and are dimensioned correspondingly large. The drying area in known systems can in particular have lengths of more than 100 meters.

Various devices are known from the prior art, which are designed to apply biomass, in particular sewage sludge, in a plane on a drying surface. DE 103 11 554 B4 describes, for example, a device with a scraper conveyor whose scratches are guided at a defined distance to the drying surface to distribute sewage sludge on this. To support the drying process under the influence of solar radiation, the drying surface can be additionally heated.

The invention has for its object to provide a new device for drying, in particular of biomass, for example, sewage sludge, which is particularly suitable for installation in compact systems with relatively limited space.

With regard to the device, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

With regard to the compact system, this object is achieved by the features of claim 17.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

The drying device according to the invention is in particular for drying materials such as moistened or moisture-containing mass or sludge or moistened or moisture-containing parts or granules, such as metal shavings or wood chips, or biomass, such as sewage sludge, milk sludge, spent grains, digestate, slurry, Animal manure or biogas slurry trained. The drying device according to the invention comprises at least one upper and one lower drying surface (also: dry surface, drying plane), which are spaced apart in the vertical direction. On the upper and lower drying surface, the moisture-containing material, in particular biomass, can be applied over a wide area for drying. For discharging the material to be dried, in particular the biomass to be dried, on the upper and lower drying surface movable or moving conveyor elements are provided by at least one traction means, wherein the traction means or is arranged circumferentially around the upper drying surface or are.

The invention is based on the finding that conveying elements that can be moved or moved by traction means can in principle be used to apply material to be dried, in particular biomass to be dried, to two vertically spaced drying surfaces when the traction means runs around the upper drying surface. In this case, the drying surfaces can in particular form two horizontal planes arranged one above the other. The conveying elements which are fastened directly or indirectly to the traction means move over the drying surfaces, so that material, in particular biomass, can be distributed and optionally turned over on these drying surfaces. The conveying elements are correspondingly designed to act in the direction of the upper and / or lower drying surface. This can be done for example by a suitable structural design and / or orientation of the conveying elements.

The structural design of the conveying elements is almost arbitrary. In particular, the conveying elements can be designed, for example, as paddles, rakes, rakes, tines, hooks, turning hooks or shares, in particular plowshares or goosefoot shares. In embodiments in which the conveying elements are fixed directly or indirectly to the traction means (the term "rigid" allows a play of the conveying elements, in particular a vertical clearance to compensate for unevenness on the associated drying surface), for example, conveying elements are provided with respect to the vertical Direction are oriented differently, so that these act on the circulation with respect to the upper drying surface in each case with respect to the moving conveyor elements located below (upper and lower) drying surface. Alternatively or In addition, conveyor elements can be provided which are structurally designed so that they always act up and down. For this purpose, the conveying element may, for example, have a structure which extends on both sides from the circulating contour or plane defined by the circulating traction means or the circulating traction means. This can be realized, in particular, by a structural configuration of the conveying element which is symmetrical with respect to the traction means. Such conveying elements are thus structurally designed so that they act on the circulation around the upper drying surface at least on the relative to the moving conveying elements respectively located below (upper or lower) drying surface.

Alternatively or additionally, conveying elements can be provided which are not rigidly or rigidly connected to the tension element, but are attached directly or indirectly flexibly, for example via a joint, to the traction means, so that these conveying elements, when circulating around the upper drying surface, are always in contact with respect to the traction element moving conveyor elements below located (upper and lower) drying level act. The orientation of the articulated in particular with the at least one traction means connected conveying elements can be effected for example under the action of gravity, so that the conveying elements in terms of their orientation with respect to the vertical axis, ie in the vertical direction, during circulation to fold over the upper drying surface.

Under the formulation that the conveying elements act on or in the direction of the drying surface, in particular any mechanical intervention should be understood which is suitable for distributing the material to be dried, in particular the biomass to be dried, on the respective drying surface and / or optionally to mix on the respective drying surface.

Terms such as "top", "bottom", "vertical" or "horizontal" are to be understood in the context of this specification in the conventional sense with respect to the gravitational field of the earth. The upper and lower drying surface are arranged in this sense, at least in sections one above the other. In embodiments, the upper and lower drying surfaces extend substantially over horizontal planes spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction, which do not necessarily have equal expansions and can be arranged offset to one another. In other embodiments, the upper and / or lower drying surface may, for example, be slightly inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.

An indirect attachment of the conveying elements to the traction means is to be understood in particular as an attachment in which a fastening part, such as a cross member carrying a plurality of conveying elements, is arranged between the traction means and the conveying elements. Such a cross member with a plurality of conveying elements may be formed, for example, as a driving rake, in the conveying elements may be prongs.

The circulatory contour or the circulatory plane is intended in particular to denote that circulating contour or the circumferential surface along which the at least one traction means or the traction means provided move or move in the conveying mode.

The (upper and / or lower) drying surfaces may be formed as closed surfaces, they are realized in advantageous embodiments by plates made of metal, in particular stainless steel.

The device is advantageously not only like other drying plants, for sludge with a dry matter content of TS 22 and more suitable, but also for sludge and other masses or materials with a lower dry matter content, for example TS15 , This results in particular from the formation of the dry surfaces as closed surfaces and the above and below described embodiment, in particular the geometry of the turning hook.

In embodiments, the conveying elements are designed as turning hooks, which are arranged spaced from one another with respect to a predetermined by at least one traction means conveying direction. The mutually spaced in the conveying direction of the turning hooks can be regularly spaced apart, in particular in advantageous embodiments. Each turning hook has at least one turning section for penetration into the material to be applied or spread onto the drying surfaces, in particular the biomass. The turning sections, which are provided for distributing and / or mixing the material, in particular the biomass, on the upper drying surface, are arranged opposite to the turning sections, which are for distributing and / or with respect to the vertical direction or with respect to the circulating plane (or circulation contour) Mixing of the material, in particular the biomass, are provided on the lower drying surface. In other words, turning hooks may be provided which are designed and oriented to act on or in the direction of the upper drying surface. Accordingly, turning hooks may be provided which are designed and oriented to act on or in the direction of the lower drying surface. The turning hooks can in embodiments in particular be designed in the manner of double hooks and thus have both first and second turning sections, in particular on both sides of the circulation contour or plane, which is defined by the rotating traction means or the circulating traction means extending in opposite directions. Such turning hooks thus act in the circulation movement both on or in the direction of the upper and lower drying surface.

In embodiments, turning hooks arranged adjacently in the conveying direction are each arranged alternately with their turning sections with respect to the vertical direction and / or with respect to the circulating plane. In other words, the turning hooks which are arranged adjacent in the conveying direction, with respect to their orientation with respect to the vertical direction (or with respect to the circulation contour or orbital plane) alternately arranged or aligned. The turning hooks, which are arranged adjacent in the conveying direction, in particular with respect to the circulation contour or plane which is defined by the circulating traction means or the circulating traction means, in each case rotated by 180 ° or arranged mirror-symmetrically thereto. In this way, it is achieved that the turning hooks, which are provided for acting on the upper drying surface, and those turning hooks, which are provided to act on the lower drying surface, along the conveying direction or along the circulating plane at least approximately uniformly distributed. This can in particular ensure a substantially uniform production operation.

In embodiments, the at least one turning section is curved. The at least one turn section may, in particular, have the shape of a stretched C or a stretched S. The curved shape of the at least one turning section serves, in particular, to mix or apply material already applied to the upper and / or lower drying surface, in particular biomass, in order to favor the drying process.

In embodiments, at least some of the conveying elements or turning hooks are fastened indirectly via carriers to the at least one traction means. The turning hooks are movable by the traction means in the conveying direction, wherein the carrier extend transversely to the conveying direction and a plurality of turning hooks are attached to each carrier. In advantageous embodiments, it is provided in particular to suspend or fasten the carriers for reasons of mechanical stability on a plurality of traction means. Each carrier is adapted to carry a plurality of turning hooks, which are spaced from each other in the lateral direction transversely to the conveying direction. The turning hooks, which are spaced apart from each other in the lateral direction transversely to the conveying direction, can be regularly spaced from one another in particular. By dimensioning the carrier and a corresponding adjustment of the number of turning hooks, which carries each carrier, in particular devices can be specified, which are adapted to uniformly apply material, in particular mass, in particular biomass, on drying surfaces of different widths.

The length of the (upper and / or lower) drying surface should in particular be understood to mean the extent of the drying surface along or parallel to the conveying direction. The width of the (upper and / or lower) drying surface should in particular be understood to mean the extent of the drying surface transversely or perpendicular to the conveying direction.

In embodiments, at least one of the carriers carries several turning hooks. In this case, the turning hooks, which are attached to the at least one carrier and arranged transversely to the conveying direction adjacent, provided with turning sections, which are each arranged alternately with respect to the vertical direction and / or with respect to the circulating plane. In other words, the turning hooks, which are arranged adjacent to the at least one carrier, are arranged or aligned alternately with regard to their alignment with respect to the vertical direction or the circulating plane. The turning hooks, which are arranged adjacent to the at least one carrier, can be rotated in each case by 180 °, in particular with respect to the at least one carrier, or arranged in mirror symmetry for this purpose. In this way it is achieved that the turning hooks, which are provided for acting on the upper drying surface on the at least one carrier, and those turning hooks, which are provided for acting on the lower drying surface on the at least one carrier along the at least one carrier at least are arranged approximately uniformly distributed. This can in particular ensure a substantially uniform production operation.

In embodiments, at least one of the carriers has a hollow profile, which consists in particular of a metal, a light metal, a metal alloy or a light metal alloy. The formation of the carrier as a hollow profile allows advantageously a weight reduction. In concrete embodiments, the hollow profile may for example consist of steel, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

In embodiments, the turning hooks, which carries at least one of the carrier, fixed thereto in rotation. In this way, a rotation the turning hooks about their axes during the conveying operation prevented, so that in particular a good mixing of the already layered on the upper and / or lower drying surface applied material, in particular the mass, in particular biomass, can be ensured.

In embodiments, the turning hooks are provided with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-sectional area for non-rotatable fastening, which are accommodated in complementary recesses in the carrier. Such a trained non-rotatable connection is particularly in terms of contamination by materials such as biomass, such as sewage sludge, robust and therefore can ensure the rotationally fixed anchoring of the turning hooks over longer periods of use.

In embodiments, at least one of the turning hooks is designed as a double hook in such a way that it has a first and a second turning section, which are arranged opposite to each other with respect to the vertical direction. The first and the second turning section extend in particular on both sides and in opposite directions from the circulation contour or plane which is defined by the circulating traction means or the circulating traction means. Such turning hooks are thus structurally designed so that they act during circulation around the upper drying surface at least on the relative to the moving in the conveying operation turning hooks below each (upper and lower) drying surface.

In embodiments, the turning hooks are formed with vertical play such that they can stand in conveying operation in direct contact, in particular in frictional contact with the upper and / or lower drying surface. In other words, the turning hooks are fastened, for example, to the supports already described above in such a way that the turning hooks have a certain clearance in the vertical direction. Since the turning hooks are provided and designed to be guided in grinding or rubbing contact over the (upper and / or lower) drying surfaces during conveying, unevenness or manufacturing tolerances, in particular with regard to the structure of the (upper and / or lower lower) drying surfaces, such as their waviness, are compensated.

Alternatively or additionally, the turning hooks are resiliently mounted so that they can stand in conveying operation in direct contact, in particular in frictional contact with the upper and / or lower drying surface. The turning hooks are biased for this purpose for example by means of spring elements, such as screw or leaf springs, in the vertical direction, so that they act in the direction of the upper and / or lower drying surface. Also by this measure, unevenness or manufacturing tolerances, in particular with regard to the structure of the (upper and / or lower) drying surfaces, such as their waviness, can be compensated.

In embodiments, the at least one traction means is an endless traction means, in particular a circulating cable, a revolving belt, a circumferential belt or a revolving chain. The traction means are preferably driven by conventional drives, such as electric motors.

In embodiments, the length of the upper drying surface, ie the extent of the upper drying surface along or parallel to the conveying direction, smaller than the extension of the lower drying surface. In this way it can be ensured in a particularly simple manner that the material to be dried, in particular the biomass to be dried, reaches the lower drying surface in the conveying operation from the upper drying surface.

In advantageous embodiments, the conveying elements are movable with the aid of the device at least over the entire length of the upper drying surface.

In embodiments, the upper and / or the lower drying surface by means of a heater at least partially, preferably completely heated. The heating device is designed, for example, similar to a floor heating system and, in advantageous embodiments, may be integrated at least in part, in particular completely in the respective (upper and / or lower) drying surface.

In embodiments, at least one comminution device for comminuting the material conveyed over the drying surfaces is arranged on at least one of the drying surfaces, in particular on the end side. Preferably, at least one comminution device is provided on the input side for comminuting the moist material still to be dried and at least one further comminution device on the output side for comminuting the dried material. The comminuting devices are designed, for example, as milling machines, shredders, shredders, cutting rakes or the like.

A compact plant for drying material, in particular for drying wood chips, metal chips or biomass, such as sewage sludge, milk sludge, spent grains, fermentation residues, manure, animal manure, biogas slurry or the like, comprises at least two of those described above Devices, preferably at least three of the devices described above, more preferably four of the devices described above. The devices are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction. The compact system with the devices arranged on several levels accordingly makes it possible to dry the material conveyed with the aid of the devices on a plurality of drying surfaces or planes which are arranged at a distance from one another in the vertical direction.

This allows the use of the compact system in building units that are significantly smaller than the hall-like building systems that are typically used according to the known procedures for drying biomass, especially sewage sludge. In this way, it is possible, in particular, to integrate the compact system already in the factory in a building unit in order to subsequently deliver it to the end customer as a unit. The individual drying surfaces of the compact system can be arranged, in particular, in horizontal planes, in order to be able to utilize the space available in the vertical direction efficiently.

In embodiments, the compact plant comprises a height conveyor for conveying material to be dried, in particular biomass, to the upper drying surface of the uppermost device. From the upper drying surface of the uppermost device, the material to be dried, in particular the biomass to be dried, can be conveyed in a particularly simple manner in the conveying operation to the drying levels below. The height conveyor is designed in particular to promote biomass in the form of wet sludge. Suitable elevators for this purpose are designed, for example, as belt conveyors, trough chains, continuous or belt conveyors. In advantageous embodiments, the height conveyor comprises at least one conveyor belt.

In embodiments, the upper and lower drying surfaces of the superposed devices are arranged superimposed so that they overlap at least for the most part, in particular more than 80%, to ensure better use of space. The overlapping arrangement should be understood in particular with regard to the area requirement of the respective drying surface with regard to a vertical projection onto a horizontal plane.

In embodiments, the devices for drying, in particular the devices for drying biomass, installed in a building unit whose length along the conveying direction less than 30 meters, preferably less than 20 meters, more preferably about 15 meters and / or their width across Conveying direction less than 5 meters, preferably less than 3 meters, more preferably about 2.5 meters and / or the height less than 10 meters, preferably less than 8 meters, more preferably in about 6 meters.

In embodiments, the drying surfaces of the devices installed in the compact installation form a drying section for the material, in particular for the moisture-containing biomass. Preferably, at least one comminution device is provided on the drying path on the input side for comminuting the moist material still to be dried and / or at least one comminution device on the drying path on the output side for comminuting the dried material. The comminuting devices are designed, for example, as milling machines, shredders, shredders, cutting rakes or the like.

The use of the device and / or compact system described above relates in particular to the drying of sludge, bulk material, granules or masses, in particular of biomass. The apparatus described above is particularly suitable for drying metal shavings, wood chips, sewage sludge, milk sludge, spent grains, fermentation residues, manure, animal manure and / or biogas slurry.

In a method for drying material, in particular for drying biomass, the material is distributed in a cascade-like manner by means of conveying elements over at least two drying surfaces, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction and at least partially overlap, to dry the material for drying on the at least two drying surfaces spread out. Thus, at least one upper drying surface and at least one lower drying surface are provided, which overlap at least in sections such that material can be conveyed by means of the conveying elements from the at least one upper drying surface onto the at least one lower drying surface. The drying of the material takes place on several levels, wherein the drying surfaces are preferably heated.

Preferably, the material is conveyed from the at least one upper drying surface to the at least one lower drying surface under the influence of gravity. For example, at least a portion of the at least one lower drying surface is disposed below the end of the upper drying surface such that the material conveyed by the conveying elements over the at least one upper drying surface falls on the underlying portion of the at least one lower drying surface. To this The material is distributed cascade-like over the drying surfaces. Preferably, a plurality of drying surfaces, so in particular more than two drying surfaces, as described above one above the other, so that the material for drying in a particularly simple manner over a plurality of drying surfaces can be evenly distributed.

The method described above is carried out in particular by using at least one of the drying devices already described above. Preferably, conveying elements for discharging the material are moved by at least one traction element revolving around the at least one upper drying surface. The conveying elements act to distribute the material on the at least one upper drying surface and the at least one lower drying surface.

• 1 eine Kompaktanlage mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Vorrichtungen zum Trocken von Material, insbesondere von Biomasse in einer Querschnittsdarstellung;
• 2 ein Wendehaken für die in 1 dargestellte Vorrichtungen zum Trocken von Material, insbesondere von Biomasse in einer Querschnittsdarstellung;
• 3 den Wendehaken der 2 in einer weiteren Schnittdarstellung;
• 4 den Wendehaken der 2 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;
• 5 eine Gebäudeeinheit, in der die Kompaktanlage der 1 installiert ist, in einer perspektivischen Außenansicht.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with regard to further features and advantages with reference to the description of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. Show it

• 1 a compact system with two superimposed devices for drying material, in particular biomass in a cross-sectional view;
• 2 a turning hook for the in 1 illustrated devices for drying material, in particular biomass in a cross-sectional view;
• 3 the turning hook of 2 in a further sectional view;
• 4 the turning hook of 2 in a perspective view;
• 5 a building unit in which the compact system of the 1 is installed, in a perspective external view.

Corresponding parts and components are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a building unit 100 in which a compact system 50 is installed, the two superimposed devices 10 for drying material, in particular for drying biomass, such as sewage sludge, and a height conveyor 40 includes. The following description explicitly refers to the drying of biomass. It is understood that the device 10 or the compact system 50 is not limited to the drying of biomass. The device 10 or the compact system 50 For example, it is equally suitable for drying inorganic material such as metal shavings or bulk material such as wood chips or the like.

Every device 10 has an upper drying surface 11 and a lower drying area 12 on, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction. The upper and lower drying surfaces 11 . 12 are formed in the illustrated embodiment as heatable plates, for example made of stainless steel. On the drying surfaces 11 . 12 Biomass is extensively applicable for drying, the height of the conveyor 40 in operation from a warehouse 60 on the upper drying surface 11 the upper device 10 promotes. The devices 10 are trained to the funded biomass on the drying surfaces 11 . 12 to distribute and if necessary to mix. For this purpose, each device 10 circulating traction means 14 , For example, a circulating chain or a revolving rope, on which the conveying elements 16 are attached directly or indirectly.

The endless traction means 14 are circumferential around the upper drying surface 11 the respective device 10 arranged and can by motor driven drive means 18 For example, by motorized rollers or rollers, are placed in a revolving motion.

During the conveying operation of the devices 10 move the traction means 14 along a closed trajectory, which is a circular plane U or circulating contour describes in cross section in 1 is shown. As the traction means 14 every device 10 around the respective upper drying surface 11 (Also: drying level) are arranged, with the help of indirectly or directly attached thereto conveyor elements 16 Biomass both above the top drying surface 11 as well as over the lower drying surface 12 be encouraged. The conveyor elements 16 are structurally designed and aligned in such a way that they rotate in the circumferential direction along the orbital plane U in the direction of the upper and / or the lower drying surface 11 . 12 Act. For this purpose, the conveying elements 16 For example, have a suitable structure for the promotion of biomass, located on both sides of the orbital plane U extends in opposite directions.

In other cases, for example, conveying elements 16 be provided, which have a suitable for the promotion of biomass structure, which only one side of the orbital plane U extends. Such, acting in one direction only conveying elements 16 are correspondingly in different orientations with respect to the vertical direction on the traction means 14 indirectly or directly attached, so with the help of the respective device 10 Biomass over both the upper drying surface 11 as well as over the lower drying surface 12 can be distributed. Preferably, such conveying elements 16 in terms of their orientation alternately along the orbital plane U arranged.

The upper drying surface 11 has along the traction means 14 (parallel to the conveying direction) a slightly smaller extent than the lower drying surface 12 , The two superimposed devices 10 are arranged slightly offset from one another. This will ensure that the elevator from the elevator 40 Promoted biomass using the devices 10 large area over the upper and lower drying surfaces 11 . 12 can be distributed.

Possible embodiments of the conveying elements 16 are in 2 to 4 shown. The conveyor elements 16 are especially as a turning hook 20 executed by porters 22 be worn, which at the traction means 14 are attached. Every carrier 22 extends transversely to the conveying direction and carries several turning hooks 20 with respect to the orbital plane U alternating (cf. 1 ), ie in particular alternately upwards and downwards, are aligned.

The turning hook 20 includes a curved turning section 24 for conveying biomass over the drying surfaces 11 . 12 , The turning section 24 is designed to end on the drying surfaces 11 . 12 lie on and during the conveying operation grinding over the drying surfaces 11 . 12 to be led. To make a continuous rubbing contact of the turning hooks 20 with the drying surfaces 11 . 12 ensure they are on the carrier 22 attached with vertical play, ie the turning hooks 20 have a certain clearance in the vertical direction, so that during the conveying movement in particular unevenness of the drying surfaces 11 . 12 can be compensated.

Alternatively or additionally, the turning hooks 20 in the vertical direction by means not shown spring elements in the direction of the drying surfaces 11 . 12 biased to a largely sliding contact between the turning hook 20 and the drying surfaces 11 . 12 during the production operation.

To a wear of the turning hook 20 counteract, these are preferably at least partially formed of wear-resistant material such as stainless steel. Alternatively or additionally, the turning hooks 20 at least at the end a coating of wear-resistant material. This coating may be, for example, a stainless steel coating, which is at least the end region of the turning hook 20 covered when the intended use of the device 10 in contact with the conveyed material and / or in sliding contact with the drying surfaces 11 . 12 stands.

The number, the distance and the shape of the turning hook 20 can be adapted in particular to the material to be dried. The device 10 is flexible in this regard and can be modified to be used for a variety of different drying applications.

In an alternative embodiment, the turning hooks are designed in a manner not shown as a double hook and include first and second turning sections, which are curved, and the carrier 22 protruding in opposite directions.

As in particular in 2 to 4 shown are the turning hooks 20 in a recess 26 of the carrier 22 inserted form-fitting and the end by means of a split pin 28 and a washer 30 secured. This will ensure that the wearer is on 22 fixed turning hooks 20 has a clearance in the vertical direction and also can be replaced quickly and easily. For example, it may be in the carrier 22 with the turning hooks 20 to act a driving rake with quick-change tines as a turning hook.

The carrier 22 is designed as a hollow profile. The shape of the recess 26 is complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the turning hook used 22 , which has a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section in this area. The turning hook 20 is thus on the carrier 22 secured against rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, the turning hook 22 in the region of the recess 26 a round core 32 on, from the diametrically two ribs 34 protrude. As in particular in 2 or 4 shown, has one of the ribs 34 a slightly shorter extension than the other.

5 shows the building unit 100 in which the compact system 50 of the 1 is installed, in an exterior view. Such a building unit 100 can be modular and several superposed devices 10 contain. In one possible embodiment, four superimposed devices 10 provided, allowing the drying process to a total of eight drying surfaces 11 . 12 or levels. The compact system 50 is characterized by a reduced space requirement and can be in a building unit 100 be installed, whose length along the conveying direction less than 30 meters, preferably less than 20 meters, more preferably approximately 15 meters and the width transverse to the conveying direction is less than 5 meters, preferably less than 3 meters, more preferably about 2.5 meters and the height is less than 10 meters, preferably less than 8 meters, more preferably about 6 meters. Due to the small space requirement of the compact system 50 This can already be factory set in a suitable building unit 100 be installed, which can then be delivered to a customer as a substantially already assembled final system.

The drying surfaces 11 . 12 the compact system 50 form a drying section for the material to be dried. Preferably, in a manner not shown is a shredding device, such as a shredder, at the entrance of the drying section, for example in the region of the elevator 40 or in front of the elevator 40 arranged for crushing the supplied moist material. Alternatively or additionally, a comminution device, for example a cutting screen, for comminuting the dried material on the output side at the drying section, ie at the end of the lowest drying surface 12 of the 1 arranged.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

contraption

11

upper drying surface

12

lower drying surface

14

traction means

16

impeller

18

drive means

20

cant hook

22

carrier

24

turn portion

26

recess

28

cotter

30

washer

32

core

34

rib

40

elevator

50

Complete plant

60

camp

100

building unit

U

orbital plane

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10311554 B4 [0003]

Claims (21)

Device (10) for drying, in particular for drying biomass, with at least one upper and one lower drying surface (11, 12), which are spaced apart in the vertical direction, to which material, in particular biomass, can be spread over a surface for drying, wherein Spreading the material, in particular the biomass, of at least one traction means (14) movable or moving conveyor elements (16) are provided, wherein the at least one traction means (14) is arranged circumferentially around the upper drying surface (11). Device (10) according to Claim 1 in which the conveying elements (16) are designed as turning hooks (20) which are arranged spaced apart from each other in a conveying direction predetermined by the at least one pulling means (14), each turning hook (20) comprising at least one turning section (24) for distributing the material, in particular the biomass, on the drying surfaces (11, 12), wherein the turning sections (24), which are provided for distributing the material, in particular the biomass, on the upper drying surface (11), with respect to the vertical direction and / or with respect to a Circular plane (U) opposite to the turning portions (24) are arranged, which are provided for distributing the material, in particular the biomass, on the lower drying surface (12). Device (10) according to Claim 2 , wherein in the conveying direction adjacently arranged turning hooks (20) with their turning sections (24) with respect to the vertical direction and / or with respect to the orbital plane (U) are each arranged alternately. Device (10) according to Claim 2 or 3 wherein the at least one turn portion (24) is curved. Device (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 4 in that the turning hooks (20) are fastened indirectly via carriers (22) to the at least one traction means (14) and are movable therefrom in the conveying direction, wherein the carriers (22) extend transversely to the conveying direction and at each carrier (22) several Turning hooks (20) are attached. Device (10) according to Claim 5 wherein at least one of the carriers (22) carries a plurality of turning hooks (20) and transversely to the conveying direction adjacent arranged turning hooks (20) turning sections (24), which are each arranged with respect to the vertical direction and / or with respect to the orbital plane (U) , Device (10) according to Claim 5 or 6 wherein at least one of the carriers (22) has a hollow profile. Device (10) according to one of Claims 5 to 7 , Wherein turning hooks (20), which carries at least one of the carrier (22), are rotatably secured thereto. Device (10) according to Claim 8 , wherein for the rotationally fixed attachment of the turning hooks (20) they are provided with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-sectional area, which are received in complementarily formed recesses (26) in the carrier (22). Device (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 9 , wherein at least one of the turning hooks (20) is designed as a double hook in such a way that it has a first and a second turning section (24), which are arranged opposite to each other with respect to the vertical direction or the orbital plane (U). Device (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 10 wherein the turning hooks (20) are formed with vertical play, that they can be in direct contact during conveying operation, in particular in frictional contact with the upper and / or lower drying surface (11, 12). Device (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 11 wherein the turning hooks (20) are resiliently mounted so that they can be in direct contact during conveying operation, in particular in frictional contact with the upper and / or lower drying surface (11, 12). Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one traction means (14) is an endless traction means, in particular a circulating cable, a revolving belt, a circumferential belt or a revolving chain. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the extent of the upper drying surface (11) parallel to the conveying direction is smaller than the extension of the lower drying surface (12). Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper and / or the lower drying surface (11, 12) by means of a heater at least partially, preferably completely heatable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one comminuting device for comminuting the material is arranged on at least one of the drying surfaces (11, 12). Compact plant (50) for drying, in particular for drying biomass, with at least two devices (10), preferably at least three devices (10), more preferably four Devices (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the devices (10) are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction. Compact system (50) according to Claim 17 with a height conveyor (40) for conveying material, in particular biomass, to the upper drying surface (11) of the uppermost device (10). Compact system (50) according to Claim 17 or 18 , wherein the upper and lower drying surfaces (11, 12) of the superimposed devices (10) at least for the most part, in particular more than 80%, overlap. Compact system (50) according to one of Claims 17 to 19 wherein the devices (10) for drying are installed in a building unit (100) whose length along the conveying direction is less than 30 meters, preferably less than 20 meters, more preferably about 15 meters and / or their width transverse to the conveying direction less than 5 meters, preferably less than 3 meters, more preferably about 2.5 meters and / or the height is less than 10 meters, preferably less than 8 meters, more preferably about 6 meters. Compact system (50) according to one of the Claims 17 to 20 , wherein the drying surfaces (11, 12) of the devices (10) form a drying path for the material and at least one comminuting device for comminuting the material to be dried and / or dried is arranged on the input side and / or output side of the drying path.

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