DE2018485A1 - Fuel supply system - Google Patents

Description

HEINZ LINSER .PATENT ADVOCATE · PHYSICIST

6072 DREIEICHENHAIN BERLINER RING 170 R U F (061 03) 818 13

1451-13 D-5067

General Electric Comp.

1 River Road
Schenectady, Ή. Y./USA

Fuel supply system

The invention "relates to a combustion apparatus and, more particularly, to an apparatus for supplying fuel to a Combustion chamber.

The fuel supply of a continuously "burning combustion device, e.g. in a gas turbine, in a highly distributed Way, so that a complete and effective combustion. of the fuel and at the same time a reduction in the Enriched pockets are reached, which produce carbon or smoke when burned, has a further going Construction problem raised. The solutions to this problem are also used in applications, e.g. gas turbines, due to the harsh temperature conditions of the combustion chamber, as well as made more difficult by the overall length limitations for the combustion chamber. .

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Although atomizer nozzles that are able to produce a single or double atomized conical fuel jet To deliver through a small outlet opening, enjoy widespread use for this purpose, so are such arrangements generally very complicated and expensive and require a relatively tough and complicated high pressure fuel supply and Distribution system. In addition, such atomizing nozzles tend to have localized fuel-enriched pockets and are against pollution from carbon deposits or very sensitive to other harmful substances.

Another solution that has been used for this includes the use of a tube extending into the combustion chamber to supply air and fuel to a cap, those in the primary combustion zone of the combustion chamber is arranged and designed such that from the combustion flame Energy for evaporation of the fuel can be taken. With such a solution, however, are related on the elements protruding into the hot area of the combustion chamber touches service life problems.

The invention therefore relates to an efficient fuel Supply device that overcomes the aforementioned problems.

A primary object of the invention is to provide a relatively simple and economical device for delivery of Propose fuel to a combustion chamber in a highly dispersed manner.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel supply device to propose with a long life, capable of absorbing air and fuel, the fuel to atomize and / or vaporize and to carborate the admitted air with such fuel or the fuel and the air before the fuel enters the primary zone

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Combustion chamber is introduced to premix.

Another object of the invention is to provide a device to propose fuel delivery to a combustion chamber that is relatively insensitive to pollution, which does not require a high pressure fuel supply system and which has a relatively short axial length.

Yet another object of the invention is to propose an apparatus which is used in La. ^T e is to use the energy of the admitted air in order to effect the delivery of the fuel to the fuel chamber in a strongly distributed manner.

These and other objects are achieved by the present invention by providing a housing that has a central or Core outlet, which connects to the combustion chamber Is connected in terms of flow and a centrifugal chamber around the outlet limited. The centrifugal chamber is designed such that it can accommodate compressed air and fuel and around the Can circulate the outlet and which creates a vortex outflow of the air from the outlet. The fuel is on this Way vaporized and / or atomized and with the air vortices in delivered to the combustion chamber. The centrifugal chamber is preferably made of an involute or spiral-shaped outer wall and essentially plane-parallel upstream and downstream sides End walls formed. The inlet duct devices can be used to receive an essentially axially directed flow of compressed air and to deflect such air in a streamlined manner Air must be provided in the centrifugal chamber. The duct inlet device can also be designed to receive the fuel and direct it to the swirl chamber, although separate duct devices can also be used. Around to increase the rotational speed of the vortex excretion and vortex plates can also be used to bring the vortices exactly to the center of the outlet.

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An embodiment of the invention is based on the drawing described in detail as an example, all from the description and the details or features shown in the drawing contribute to the solution of the object within the meaning of the invention can and were included in the application with the will to be patented. In the drawing show:

Figure 1 is a broken axial cross-section of an example _; . the combustion chamber of a gas turbine with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a front view, partially in cross section, of the fuel supply device according to the invention;

Figure 3 is a side view, partially in cross section, of the device according to Figure 2 and

FIG. 4 shows a cross section along the line 4-4 according to FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a continuously burning combustion device which is suitable for a gas turbine and is generally designated 10, which has a hollow body 12 which delimits a combustion chamber located therein. The hollow body 12 has a curved upstream end 16 which has an opening 18 for receiving a fuel-air mixture. Y / ie known in the art, the combustion chamber 14 may be annular, tubular or be pot-shaped, wherein the ^U et up instrument 10, a plurality attached to the periphery of openings 18 has.

In order to enclose the hollow body 12 and to delimit channels 22 and 24 in cooperation with the hollow body 12 and a trunk arrangement 26, an outer shell 20 is provided. The channels 22 and 24 serve to deliver a flow of compressed air from a suitable source, for example a compressor 28, through suitable openings or air slots 30 into the combustion chamber 14 for cooling the hollow body 2 and for diluting the gaseous combustion products.

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The trunk assembly 26 is with the upstream end of the hollow body 12 suitable "attached and serves to to act as a flow divider to the autä the compressor 28 supplied compressed air between the channels 22 and 24 and a Channel 32, which is formed by the liüssslanordnung, to be divided. ■■; ■■

The fuel injection or carburizing device according to the present invention is designated generally by 34 "and" has a housing with an inlet channel device 36 for receiving compressed air from the channel 32 of the trunk assembly, a central or core outlet 38 that connects to the opening 18 of the hollow-shaped Body fluidic to deliver an air-fuel mixture communicates into the combustion chamber 14 as an eddy current 40 and devices 42 for Receiving fuel from a suitable conduit44 which extends through the trunk assembly 26 and an outer shell 20 and which is connected to a source of pressurized water Fuel is in communication. Although fuel injector 34 'is particularly designed for use with liquid fuel is suitable, which is also used in the following in connection with a liquid fuel "is described, so can a Fuel is used that is in the liquid, gaseous or solid state or a combination of these, be used.

Suitable ones known per se are within the combustion chamber ti and ignition devices (not shown in detail) are provided to initiate an initial ignition of the combustible air-fuel mixture, which flows out through the outlet 38 to achieve.

As can be seen from Figure -2, the housing has an involute shape outer wall 48 and substantially plane-parallel spaced up and down downstream end walls 50 and 52, which connect the outer wall at the periphery and in cooperation with it an air vortex generator or a sole oar chamber 46 inside the housing and outside the core opening

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38 limit. As shown in Figure 2, the outer Wall 48 in the main involute and spiral with a propretsiv from the inlet channel 36 to the end edge or lip 54 decreasing radius, partly the inlet opening from the sewer limited to centrifugal chamber 46. The inlet channel 36 is through an axially directed upstream end opening for receiving the flow of compressed air from the channel 32 is formed and v / eist a wall on which acts as a streamlined continuation of the involute-shaped outer wall 48 is formed so that the intake air is primarily streamlined into the valve chamber 46 arrives. The compressed air is in this way in the centrifugal chamber 46 in a circular motion with a steady decreasing radius steered, se that a Y / vortex or cyclonic Outflow 40 is generated, which has a hollow core 56 ;. To increase the vortex movement of the air and the vortex flow 40 to align exactly relative to the opening 38, a plurality of vortex plates 58 are provided, each of which is located between the upstream and downstream walls 50 and 52 in a peripheral arrangement around outlet 38, as can be seen from Figure 2, extends “Such an arrangement of vortex plates can also for this purpose ». to throttle the air passing through, so that the rotational speed of the vortex flow 40 increases.

Although the outer 7 / and 48 of the centrifugal chamber 46 and the Channel device 36 shown and described as involute were, which is considered to be the preferred design, but other vortex generators or centrifugal chambers and Channel devices are used. So can the centrifugal chamber E.g. also circular and the duct device designed in such a way that the binlas air flows in a tangential manner is fed.

In order to maintain a nearly uniform rotational speed of the inlet air within the soleuätÄaromer 46 outside the-VIeclae 58 ^ stad dei? Outlet 38 and the vortex plates 58 are preferably arranged in fco train on the outer wall 48 such that the cross section of the flow surface between the

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outer wall 48 and the sheets 58 and the opening 38 progressively decreases from inlet 36 to lip 54.

The device 34 can by means of suitable means, "for example by welding to the trunk assembly 26 and / or the hollow-ized body 12 or by using suitable not shown fastening arms in the position according to Figure 1 be attached.

During operation, liquid fuel 60 is fed to inlet channel 36 through device 42. Bin, part of this fuel is immediately vaporized and / or sputtered and is received by the intake air or high Geschwllidigkeit entrained and is .getragen to the combustion chamber fourteenth The remaining fuel lands on the inner surface of the inlet channel 36 and is propelled or pushed through the high velocity inlet air into the centrifugal chamber 46 and centrifugally along the wall 48. A portion of the fuel that has not evaporated flows along the outer wall 48 and is sheared off by the edge 54 * as indicated by 62 and returns to the inlet air flow high velocity, which is generally at a high temperature, thereby vaporizing and / or atomizing further fuel and being entrained within the inlet air. Since the inlet air to the compressor 25 is at an elevated temperature of 370 * C (700 °?) or even higher can be located, a noticeable evaporation can advantageously take place during such a flow through the vortex generator or the Schlsuderkammer 46. In addition to the above noted executed and ι with reference to Figure vnarde worn, the circulation of the liquid fuel within the spinning chamber 46 in a Wirbelstrrnung along the inner surface of the wall 50 aufströmseitigen irbelnden by the v / air stream. .

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This vortex flow of liquid fuel is guided through the plates 58 and forms a fuel ring 64 by the forces of the fuel velocity are in equilibrium with the centrifugal forces. During such a Flow along the inner surface of the upstream Wall 50 to ring 64 can still get some of the fuel out of the surface through the high temperature inlet air and through the radiant heat from the flames within the combustion chamber 14 can be vaporized. It has been found that the liquid fuel within the fuel ring 64 thrown away and by the vortex flow of the air 40 with high Speed atomized into extremely small droplets of fuel and directed towards the combustion chamber 14 as a nearly conical spray 66. Because this atomized fuel Drops are extremely small, they are quickly evaporated and mixed with the air vortices 40.

Since the vortex core 56 has a reduced pressure, the combustion chamber 14 to the device 34 is reversed or backflow, as indicated generally by the flow arrow in FIGS. This backflow of a gas high temperature from the chamber 14 in the central or core part the spin chamber 46 also increases the evaporation of the liquid fuel from the surfaces of the spin chamber as well as the evaporation of any atomized fuel droplets carried or carried by the incoming air atomized droplets ejected from the fuel ring 64 will.

Since the outlet 38 is better known compared to the outlet opening, for example Fuel atomizer nozzles is relatively large, the device according to the invention is against the ToIeranζSchwenken in the Construction and against the problems of degraded performance due to carbon pollution or other harmful substances relatively insensitive.

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Furthermore, since the device according to the invention energy from the inlet air and no fuel pressure is used to create the atomizing effect to achieve, as is the case with known fuel atomizer nozzles That is, a lower fuel supply pressure and consequently a simplified and more economical fuel supply or distribution system can be used will. It should also be noted that due to the fact that the device according to the invention is arranged outside the Brennest off chamber 14 and does not extend into it, it is not subjected to the high stresses of the chamber 14 and thus has a long and reliable service life.

From the foregoing description it can be seen that by the present invention is compact and economical Device for carburizing air or for premixing "air with fuel prior to introduction into the primary zone of the combustion chamber and therefore for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber in an extremely efficient and distributed manner is suggested.

Although this is an exemplary embodiment of the invention with an involute-shaped outer wall 48, more involute-shaped Duct devices 36 for introducing air and fuel have been selected and described in the centrifugal chamber and a circular arrangement of vortex plates 58, then it can be noted that the vortex surfaces 58 are also omitted can and other suitable geometric housing and inlet duct designs Can be used to circulate the fuel and air around the outlet 38 and the vortex outlet 66 to generate. Furthermore, although the channel 36 both for the delivery of the fuel, as well the air to the centrifugal chamber 46 is configured accordingly, as has been shown, since this is the preferred embodiment, separate channels can be used.

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Claims (10)

Claims ( 1) A device for introducing fuel into a combustion chamber, characterized in that the device consists of a housing (34) which has a core outlet (38) and a centrifugal comb (46) around the core outlet - (3d), the core outlet (38) being designed in such a way that a flow connection between the centrifugal chamber (46) and the combustion chamber (H) is created, with inlet devices (32) for receiving and redirecting compressed air into the centrifugal chamber (46) and inlet devices (36) are present, which are located outside the core outlet for receiving and deflecting the fuel (6C) into the centrifugal chamber (46), the centrifugal chamber (46) being designed in such a way that the energy of the compressed air can be used to circulate the air and fuel around the core outlet (38) and to create a vortex outlet flow (40) of the air from the core outlet (38), the fuel (60) with the L. It is essentially premixed and can flow out of the outlet (38) with the eddy current (40) in an intensely distributed manner. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that da3 comprises the housing (34) and partially delimits the centrifugal chamber (46) is through an arcuate outer wall (48) and up and down downstream walls (50 and 52) which are connected at their periphery to the outer wall (48), the fuel and Air-deflecting devices (32 and 36) with the centrifugal chamber (46) through the outer wall (48) in connection and the core outlet (38) is defined by the downstream wall (52). 3) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Schleu- ' derkammer (46) has a row of vortex plates (58) which are arranged around the core outlet (38) to the vortex outlet flow (40) to be brought at least partially centrally to the core outlet (38) " -2- Q09883 / U03 4) Cxar '-. Λ not Ans ruch 1, characterized by ^ denotes ,, that. the housing (34) and the Johleuderkaninier (46) is limited at least t-5.i-wise by an involute-shaped outer V / an-.i '(48), which has a first and a second end, ie the outer V / and (46) has an in from the first to the second end 'ni-o.-rressiv decreasing Hruliud and an inlet opening - (. 36) to. "' chleud ar>: an ::: er (16) limited between the ends (50 Uni 52). 5.) According to Ansorunh 4, dndurji: marked da.3 the one-1-issvorri-.iitung - (. '3-) to absorb and deflect the air in the .3 centrifugal chamber (46) has a Hünl-isskanaj (36), who was trained in this way; is, d-x3 er with a source of compressed air is in communication, wherein the inlet channel (36) is connected to the housing at the Sinlisa opening and a '// and owns that as a streamlined extension the involute-shaped outer wall (48) is formed. 6) Device according to Ansoruch 5, characterized in that the inlet channel (36) is designed in such a way that it feeds the fuel (60) and deflect it into the centrifugal chamber (46) * can" 7) Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cross section the flow area of the vortex chamber (46) from the inlet (5.6) from progressively decreasing, the speed of rotation the circulating air in the swirl chamber (46) in the - is essentially uniform. 8) combustion device, characterized in that. it 3US ₁ a: is the hollow-shaped body (12), ier an therein combustion chamber (H) besrr; i: nt, the hohlf ^-shaped body (12)-is provided with an opening ( "ei), and '■ a Housing (34), which is arranged outside the 7-rbrannungskanmer (ii) a: and has an outlet (* 3): the one with the off - * nun _; r (18) of the hollow-grain K: r;: srs s ~ r'mungsi2ä3ig in 7-V-in.iuncc, whereby the housing (34) has a Schleuc3r> -yr.r - r 009883/1403 2018483 (46) bounded by the outlet (38), so \ vie from an inlet channel device (36) for the housing (34) for supplying compressed air and fuel (60) to the centrifugal chamber (46) and wherein the centrifugal chamber (46) is designed such that ' that it can swirl the air and fuel (60) around the outlet (38) and a swirl outflow (40) of the air the outlet (38) allows, wherein the fuel (60) in essentially premixed with the air and flow into the combustion chamber (14) with the vortex (40) in an intensive manner distributed manner is introduced. 9) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the housing (34) comprises and the centrifugal chamber (46) at least is partially limited by an involute-shaped outer Wall (48) and upstream and downstream walls (50 and 52) which are connected to the outer wall (48) at the periphery, wherein the outlet (38) is formed in the downstream wall (52) and the inlet device (36) is formed in this way is that it can pass the air and fuel (60) through an opening in the outer wall. 10). Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the centrifugal chamber (46) surrounds a series of vortex plates (58) has the outlet (38) in order to bring the vortex outflow (40) at least partially centrally to the outlet (38). 009883 / U03