DE20009276U1 - Hinge for doors, windows and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The top and bottom hinge (100) members have though-bores with vertical axes. The hinge bolt passes through the bottom hinge member in direct contact with the bore. The hinge bolt passes through the bottom and top bushes (21). The top bush bears against a flange on a sleeve fitting inside the top hinge member (20). The two bushes have a sloping sinusoidal contact line. The general slope of this line is at 82 degrees to the vertical. The angle of the sides of the sinusoidal crests and valleys is from 15 degrees to 25 degrees, especially 20 degrees. There are cutouts in the exposed outer surface of the upper bush to enable it to be turned to adjust the height.

Description

KÜNIG ■ PALGEN ■ SCHUMACHER -KLUlN

DÜSSELDORF·ESSEN PATENT ATTORNEYS

OUR SIGN: 100 294 &Rgr;&Rgr;/&bgr;&Igr; Düsseldorf, 18 May 2000

FILE No. 98

DR. HAHN GMBH & CO. KG Trompeterallee 162-170

D - 41189 Mönchengladbach Tape for doors, windows and the like

The invention relates to a tape of the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a hinge is known from DE-GM 297 13 254. The lifting bush arrangement consists of a single lifting bush which surrounds the hinge bolt like a hinge bolt bush and has a thread on the outer circumference with which it is screwed into an internal thread of the recess in the hinge part of the sash hinge part. The lifting bush protrudes downwards from the frame hinge part with its lower end and rests with its lower front surface on the upper boundary surface of the frame hinge part. In the space between the frame hinge part and the sash hinge part, the lifting bush has designs for the engagement of a turning tool, e.g. recesses for a hook wrench. By turning the lifting bush, the sash hinge part is screwed up and down in a sense. Attaching the thread in the recess in the sash hinge part is complex. The rotation lock of the lifting bush cannot be regarded as secure.

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D-4O549 DÜSSELDORF, LOHENGRINSTRASSE 11 · D-45133 ESSEN, FRÜHLINGSTRASSE 43A

The invention is based on the object of creating a generic belt with a simple and functionally reliable height adjustment.

This object is solved by the invention set out in claim 1.
5

Where reference is made below to "top" and "bottom" or "front" and "back", this refers to the normal installation position of the hinge with the hinge axis vertical when looking towards the hinge.

The lifting bushing arrangement therefore comprises two interacting lifting bushings which, when rotated relative to one another, interact via contact surfaces with a gradient so that their axial distance and thus also the axial distance between the frame hinge part and the sash hinge part changes.

The expression "contact surfaces with a pitch" is intended to include threaded surfaces on which the lifting bushes slide when they rotate relative to one another, but also stepped, serrated or corrugated contact surfaces on which the lifting bushes can be rotated relative to one another step by step and their axial distance can be changed. This will become clearer in the description of the embodiments.

An important embodiment of the invention is the design of the lifting sleeve arrangement as a structural unit in the manner of a cartridge according to claim 2.

This means that the lifting bushing arrangement can be prefabricated in the factory and only needs to be inserted between the frame hinge part and the sash hinge part, while hardly any mechanical processing is required on the hinge parts themselves for the height adjustment.

This is at most limited to the provision of the cylindrical recesses according to claim 3. Apart from that, however, the strip parts only require shaping by extrusion as is usual in the production of strip parts from aluminium materials.

According to claim 4, the sash hinge part can contain a hinge pin bushing in its recess, which engages with a radial collar over the bottom of the recess and against which the front surface of the upper lifting bushing rests.
5

In this way, the collar with its favorable sliding properties reduces the friction when the hinge parts pivot relative to one another under the load of the sash and also reduces the tendency of the lifting sleeve arrangement to unintentional adjustment.
10

An important embodiment of the invention is also the axial projection according to claim 5, by means of which a rotational locking of the lower lifting bushing relative to the frame band part is possible in a simple manner.

If means are then provided according to claim 6 for locking the lifting bushes against one another in rotation, an adjustment once achieved can be fixed by, on the one hand, fixing the lower lifting bushing by means of the projection relative to the frame band part and the upper lifting bushing to the lower lifting bushing by means of the means.

The features of claim 7 ensure that no horizontal separating gaps under load occur in the vertical space between the band parts and, on the other hand, a turning tool can engage in order to be able to adjust the rotating lifting sleeve even under load if necessary.

The lower lifting bush can have a radially projecting support edge at the lower edge, on which the axial projection is provided (claim 8).

On the one hand, this provides reinforcement and, on the other hand, the axial projection, which has to transmit forces in the circumferential direction, acts on the reinforced area.

• · · ♦

A first embodiment of the invention is the subject of claim 9. This involves two coaxial lifting bushes which are designed to be complementary on their mutually facing end faces. The end faces have step-like radial corrugations or zigzag shapes which form a type of interlocking toothing. However, these toothings do not lie in a plane perpendicular to the hinge axis, but rather a plane running through the middle of the toothings runs diagonally to the axis, so that the corrugations or zigzag shapes have a stepped effect and the two lifting bushes are given different axial distances when joined together in different rotational positions. The lifting bushes can be rotated against each other from step to step and also experience a step-by-step axial displacement, the size of which depends on the fineness of the pitch and the slope.

According to claim 10, the upper lifting bush can form a shoulder on its inner circumference, into which the lower lifting bush engages radially without play with an outer section of its outer circumference that is reduced in diameter.

In this way, the lifting bushes are guided radially against each other, so that the perfect axial engagement of the wave or zigzag formation is guaranteed.

The inclination of the plane created by the wave or zigzag formation determines the stroke possible per unit of angle. Since this stroke only has to be a few millimeters, an angle of the plane with the hinge axis of about 80° to 85° has proven to be sufficient and successful (claim 11).

The size of the wave or zigzag formations naturally determines the possible rotation steps and thus also the possible lifting steps of the belt. It has been shown that according to claim 12 it is sufficient if six to eight wave or zigzag formations are provided per half circumference.

An important embodiment of the invention consists in the feature of claim 13, according to which the wave or zigzag formations are inclined "backwards" in such a way that under axial load of the lifting sleeve a self-holding effect

This means that undercuts should be created that prevent the two lifting bushes from undesirably reversing the set twist under the load of the sash when it is opened or closed.

In a zigzag design, the angle of inclination "to the rear" can be 15° to 25° according to claim 14.

With such a design, any accidental twisting or reversing of the lifting bushes against each other due to the frictional torque is definitely excluded.

An alternative embodiment in which the adjustment does not take place stepwise but in a sliding continuous manner comprises a thread according to claim 15.
15

Here, too, a safety device must be provided to prevent the thread from being turned back and unintentionally adjusted, which takes over the function of the undercut in the previous embodiment.

Accordingly, in a first embodiment, an annular disk according to claim 16 with foldable axial tabs which engage in corresponding longitudinal recesses of the upper lifting bushing serves to lock the bushes operatively connected via a thread.

In order to allow the tabs to pass through the presence of a lower support edge on the lower lifting bush, a cutout on the support edge according to claim 17 is recommended.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the thread via which the two lifting bushes interact is designed as an input thread according to claim 18, which thus forms a kind of ramp on which the two lifting bushes slide with a maximum of one revolution. The pitch is to be dimensioned according to the maximum adjustment stroke. The cross section of the one

The thread pitch can be sufficiently dimensioned to ensure the required load-bearing capacity in the axial direction.

The detailed design can be carried out according to claim 19, wherein the locking is possible by a special locking element according to claim 20.

In particular, the locking element can be elastically deformable under the axial load such that locking members engage (claim 21).

The lower lifting bushing can carry a finely divided toothing on an upper end face according to claim 22, which can be brought into engagement with a complementary toothing on a lower end face of the locking element.
15

In this way, the locking element is secured against rotation relative to the lower lifting bush.

The locking element is secured against rotation relative to the upper lifting sleeve according to claim 23 by the projections automatically entering the openings of the upper lifting sleeve. In this way, the locking element provides the rotational fixation between the lifting sleeves.

A further embodiment of the invention is the subject of claim 24.

The sleeve-shaped locking element also covers the area of the lifting sleeve arrangement that extends between the frame hinge part and the sash hinge part. The turning tool can be used on the recesses in the upper area of the upper lifting sleeve as long as the locking element has not yet been pushed up. When this pushing up occurs, the inwardly projecting teeth of the locking element snap into the recesses, which prevents rotation between the lifting sleeves.

•♦

The drawing shows embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a view of a first embodiment of a band; 5

Fig. 2 shows a view of the belt according to Fig. 1 from above;

Fig. 3 shows a view corresponding to Fig. 1, partly in section along the line BB in Fig. 2;
10

Fig. 4 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 with the hinge bolt omitted;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged representation of the area outlined in phantom in Fig. 4;
15

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a lifting sleeve along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a slightly perspective view showing the parts of the band exploded;
20

Fig. 8 and 9 show side views of another embodiment of a strap in the unlocked and locked state of the locking element, respectively;

Fig. 10 shows the parts of the band according to Fig. 8 or 9 in an expanded state;

Fig. 11 shows the parts of the locking element on a slightly enlarged scale;

Fig. 12 shows the locking element assembled; 30

Fig. 13 shows a side view of a third embodiment of a band;

Fig. 14 shows a slightly perspective view of the band in an expanded state;

Fig. 15 shows a view of the hinge partially in section through the hinge axis without hinge pins;

Fig. 16 shows the locking element in the assembled state;

Fig. 17 and 18 show different perspective views of the parts of the locking element;

Fig. 19 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of a band;

Fig. 20 and 21 show different perspective views of the parts of the locking element;

Fig. 22 shows a perspective view of the parts of the belt;

Fig. 23 shows a section of the band through the hinge axis.

The hinge in Fig. 1 to 7, designated as a whole with 100, comprises a frame hinge part 10 and a sash hinge part 20, which can be fastened by means of screws (not shown) to the flat front fastening surfaces of the frame or the sash (also not shown).

The frame hinge part 10 comprises a substantially plate-shaped fastening part 1 which rests on the fastening surface of the frame and from which a hinge part 2 protrudes laterally, which has a horizontal upper boundary surface 3 and a vertical recess 4 (Fig. 3). The hinge bolt 16 is seated in the recess 4 and extends from the frame hinge part 10 upwards into the sash hinge part 20.

The sash hinge part 20 comprises a rectangular plate-shaped fastening part 11 with the longer side arranged horizontally, which is screwed onto the sash and a hinge part 12 which adjoins it to the left as shown in Fig. 1, which overlaps the hinge part 2 of the frame hinge part 10 and faces the upper boundary surface 3 of the hinge part 2 with its lower horizontal boundary surface 13.

The hinge pin 16 extends upwards from the frame hinge part 10 into the sash hinge part 20 and sits in the recess 14 of the hinge part 12 of the frame hinge part in a hinge pin bushing 5 made of a low-friction, dimensionally stable plastic material, which has a radially projecting collar 7 on the lower edge. In the height area of the frame hinge part 10, the hinge pin 16 has a recess 17 into which a grub screw 18 can be screwed radially from the outside in order to secure the axial position of the hinge pin 16.

In the area of the intermediate space 24 between the frame hinge part 10 and the sash hinge part 20 (Fig. A), i.e. approximately in the area defined by the boundary surfaces 3, 13, a lifting bush arrangement designated as a whole by 30 is provided, which serves to adjust the height of the sash hinge part 20 and thus of the sash relative to the frame hinge part 10.

In the exemplary embodiment, the lifting bushing arrangement 30 comprises an upper lifting bushing 21, through which the hinge pin 16 passes without play in a central recess and which engages with its upper end face 22 in a flat recess 23 in the lower end face of the hinge part 12 and there rests against the base of the recess 23 via the collar 7 of the hinge pin bushing 5 (Fig. 5). The lifting bushing 21 extends downwards into a recess 25 of the hinge part 2 so that it bridges the gap 24 between the boundary surfaces 3 and 13. In the area of the gap 24, the lifting bushing 21 has recesses 26 on its circumference for the engagement of a hook wrench, by means of which the lifting bushing 21 can be rotated.

With its lower end, the lifting bush 21 engages in the recess 25 of the hinge part 2 of the frame band part 10. The lifting bush 21 has a cylindrical recess 28 there forming a shoulder 27, in which the cylindrical stepped part 29 of a lower lifting bush 31 is fitted radially without play, but rotatably. The lifting bush 31 is with its lower, larger diameter

having part is arranged in the recess 25 and rests with its lower end face 32 on the base 33 of the recess 25. So that the lower lifting bush 31 cannot rotate, it has a projection 34 on the lower end face 32 which engages in a longitudinal groove 35 of the circumference of the recess 4.
10

Thus, when the upper lifting bush 21 is rotated, the lower lifting bush 31 remains stationary. The force given by the load of the wing is transmitted between the end faces 22 and 32.

The lower lifting bush 31 has, in the upper part having a smaller diameter, a boundary surface 36 which is inclined to the hinge axis S at an angle α of 80° to 85°, in the exemplary embodiment approximately 82°, and which is not flat. Rather, a type of toothing or wave or zigzag formation is provided in the boundary surface 36, which extends over the entire circumference and comprises radial elevations 37 and radial depressions 38.

In the embodiment, six such elevations and depressions are provided per 180°. Even if the upper front surface is not flat, a plane 39 can be placed halfway between the elevations 37 and depressions 38, which characterizes the inclined position and takes up the angle α to the hinge axis S.

In the embodiment shown, the elevations and depressions 37, 38 are delimited by sharp edges. However, it would also be possible to provide a kind of wave shape without sharp edges.
30

The lower end face of the upper lifting bush 21 formed by the shoulder 27 is complementary to the upper end face 36, i.e. a projecting elevation

«· · t * * j & i t

The front face of the upper lifting bush 21 engages in a correspondingly shaped recess in the front face 36.

The drawing shows the case where the most projecting area of the front face 27 is located on the right-hand side of Fig. 5 above the lowest part of the front face 36. In this position, the lifting bushes 21, 31 have the smallest axial distance.

However, if the lifting bush 21 is now turned with a hook wrench, it climbs further up the front surface 36, so to speak. This is accompanied by an increase in the distance between the lifting bushes 21, 31 or their front sides 22, 32. The sash hinge part 20 is thereby raised in relation to the frame hinge part 10 in steps, depending on the number of elevations and depressions 37, 38 covered.

In order to prevent a twisting effect aimed at increasing the distance between the end faces 22, 32 during long-term operation of the belt 100 by inadvertently turning the lifting sleeve 21 back relative to the lifting sleeve 31, by the upper lifting sleeve 21 "falling down the stairs" along the end face 36, the elevations and depressions 37, 38 are formed with undercuts that prevent the lifting sleeve arrangement 30 from turning back when it is loaded. The corresponding surfaces of the end faces 36 and 27 are not perpendicular to the hinge axis S, as in a staircase, but slope down at an angle β (Fig. 5) of approximately 15° to 25°, approximately 20° in the embodiment, so that a twisted position that has been reached is locked in place to a certain extent.

In this way, a functionally reliable height adjustment of the belt 100 is achieved with a minimum of machining operations and lots of easy-to-manufacture parts.

In the following embodiments, parts that are functionally identical to the embodiment 100 of Figs. 1 to 7 are identified by the same reference numbers.

The hinge 200 of Figs. 8 to 12 comprises a lifting bushing arrangement 130 which surrounds the hinge pin 16 and is arranged between the frame hinge part 10 and the sash hinge part 20 in order to transmit the forces caused by the load of the sash between them. In this case, no recesses corresponding to the recesses 23, 25 of the hinge 100 are provided in the hinge parts 10, 20 on the sides facing each other, but the hinge bolt bushing 7 is aligned with its underside with the underside 13 of the frame hinge part 20. The lifting bushing arrangement 130 consists of the upper lifting bushing 121, which has an internal thread 128, the lower lifting bushing 131 with a complementary external thread 129 and a reinforced lower support edge 127 with the axial projection 34 and an annular disk 125 corresponding in plan to the support edge 127 (Fig. 11). The latter is arranged between the support edge 127 and the upper boundary surface 3 of the frame hinge part 10 and has a recess 126 on the edge through which the projection 34 can engage in the longitudinal groove 35 on the inner circumference of the recess 4 of the frame hinge part 10. All parts 121, 131, 125 are penetrated by the hinge bolt 16,

The ring disk 125 has, at a location offset in the circumferential direction relative to the recess 126, a recess which, in the locking position, extends in the longitudinal direction,

i.e. parallel to the hinge axis S, which, with an annular disk 125 made of a suitable plastic, can be brought from the axially parallel position shown in Fig. 10, in which it can reach through a cutout 123 in the support edge 127, into a folded-out position according to Fig. 11. This position of the tab 122 can also be seen in Fig. 8, while Fig. 9 shows the folded-in position of the tab 122 according to Fig. 10.

In the outer circumference of the upper lifting sleeve 121, longitudinal recesses 124 are provided which are distributed over the circumference (six in the embodiment), and which correspond in width and depth to the width and thickness of the tab 122. The length of the longitudinal recesses 124 is slightly greater than the length of the tab.

see 122 to take into account the adjustment stroke, as can be seen particularly in Fig. 12.

During assembly, the lower lifting bush 131 is screwed into the upper lifting bush 121 and joined with the ring disk 125, resulting in the cartridge-shaped, essentially cylindrical structural unit shown in Fig. 12. The axial distance between the end faces 22 and 32 perpendicular to the axis depends on how far the lower lifting bush 131 is screwed into the upper lifting bush 121. The screw position achieved is locked by the tabs 122, which can be folded into one of the several longitudinal recesses 124 distributed around the circumference. The longitudinal adjustment of the lifting bush arrangement 130, i.e. the distance between the end faces 22, 32, can be adjusted in steps that make up a fraction of the pitch of the threads 128, 129 corresponding to the number of longitudinal recesses 124.

The height adjustment can be carried out with the sash mounted by rotating the upper lifting bush 121 in the longitudinal recesses 124 with the tab 122 folded out as shown in Fig. 8 until the desired vertical position of the sash is reached. The tab 122 is then folded in as shown in Fig. 9, whereby a certain snap-in effect and thus the position as shown in Fig. 9 is ensured by appropriate dimensioning.

In the hinge 300 of Fig. 13 to 18, a lifting bushing arrangement 230 with an upper lifting bushing 221, a lower lifting bushing 231 and an elastically deformable locking element 225 is provided. The upper lifting bushing 221 engages in a cylindrical recess 23 in the lower boundary surface 13 of the sash hinge part 20 and rests there with its upper end face 22 perpendicular to the axis against the outer end face of the collar 7 of the hinge pin bushing 5 (Fig. 15). With the lower end face 32 perpendicular to the axis, the lower lifting bushing 231 rests against the base of a cylindrical recess 25 in the upper boundary surface 3 of the frame hinge part 10. The axial projection 34 projects from the lower end face 32 and engages in a longitudinal groove 35.

in the circumference of the recess 4 of the frame hinge part 10, whereby the lower lifting bush 231 is secured against rotation relative to the frame hinge part 10.

The lower lifting sleeve 231 has a substantially cylindrical wall 232 (Fig. 18) on the outer circumference of which an input thread 229 with a thread of strong cross-section is arranged, which cooperates with a corresponding thread 228 on the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall 222 of the upper lifting sleeve 221. On the upper end face of the cylindrical wall 232 perpendicular to the axis, the lower lifting sleeve 231 carries a fine toothing 233, which cooperates with a complementary toothing 223 on the lower end face of the locking element 225 in order to lock the two parts against rotation.

The upper lifting bush 221 has the shape of a pot that is open at the bottom and surrounds the lower lifting bush 231, whereby the threads 228, 229 engage. In the bottom of the "pot", the upper lifting bush 221 has a central hole 224 for the hinge pin to pass through.

The locking element 225 is assembled with the lower lifting bush 231 by engaging the teeth 223, 233 and is thus introduced from below into the upper lifting bush 221, so that the structural unit shown in Fig. 16 is obtained, which is inserted as a whole between the frame hinge part 10 and the sash hinge part 20.

The locking element 225 has an overall approximately crown-shaped configuration with (in the exemplary embodiment) six prongs 226 which run approximately zigzag-shaped in a section through the axis and have projections 227 which, when the locking element 225 is elastically deformed in the axial direction, protrude radially outwards and can enter openings 237 in the cylindrical wall 222 which are provided in the upper lifting sleeve 221 in an arrangement complementary to the position of the projections 227. When this state has occurred, the upper lifting sleeve 221 is in relation to the locking element 225.

5:·· "V? &Pgr; II ^: »l V :· :":

element 225 and this is rotationally locked relative to the lower lifting bush 231 and this in turn relative to the frame band part 10.

Fig. 15 shows the state shortly before the locking position is reached. The lifting bushing arrangement 223 is not yet under load. The threads 228, 229 are still axially spaced from one another. The projections 227 have not yet entered the openings 237 from the inside.

In this state, the upper lifting sleeve can be easily rotated and adjusted by engaging a hook wrench on the slots 234 of the upper lifting sleeve 221. The locking takes place automatically by lowering the wing, whereby the projections 227 are pressed outwards and enter the openings 237 when the upper lifting sleeve 221 is rotated accordingly.

In the hinge 400 of Fig. 19 to 23, a lifting bush arrangement 330 is provided which engages with its upper and lower end faces 22, 23 perpendicular to the hinge axis in cylindrical recesses 23, 25 of the sash hinge part 20 and the frame hinge part 10, respectively. The lifting bush arrangement 330 comprises an upper lifting bush 321 with an external thread 329 which engages in an internal thread 328 of the lower lifting bush 331 (Fig. 20). The lower lifting bush 331 has a crown-like design in the upper region with crenellations or spikes 326 of constant width running in the longitudinal direction. The lifting bushes 321 and 331, which are screwed into one another, are surrounded by a bush-shaped locking element 325, which has longitudinal ribs 327 on its inner circumference, the spaces between which are complementary to the crenellations or prongs 326, so that the lower lifting bush 331 can be axially inserted into the bush-shaped locking element 325, but cannot be rotated relative to it. At the upper end, the bush-shaped locking element 325 has inwardly projecting free-standing prongs 332, which correspond in width and arrangement to recesses 333 at the upper end of the upper lifting bush 321. The prongs 332 have a certain elasticity and can be pushed over the upper lifting bush 321 until they fit into the recesses 333 when the locking element 325 and the upper lifting bush 321 are correctly rotated.

0 I ((I i 1

snap into place and in this way the upper lifting bush 321 and the bush-shaped locking element 325 are rotationally locked together. Since the bush-shaped locking element 325 and the lower lifting bush 331 are also rotationally locked, the inserted rotational position and thus the height adjustment of the lifting bush arrangement 330 is generally fixed. In the exemplary embodiment, six prongs 332 are provided distributed over the circumference, so that the height adjustment can be carried out in steps corresponding to one sixth of a thread pitch, which is entirely sufficient in practice.

As can be seen from Fig. 23, the sleeve-shaped locking element 325 has a height that corresponds to the height of the screwed-together lifting sleeves 321, 331 minus an amount corresponding to the stroke. The rotation of the lifting sleeves 321, 331 against each other can be carried out by engaging a hook wrench in the recesses 333, whereby after reaching the desired height setting the sleeve-shaped locking element 325 is pushed up and snaps into the recesses 333 with the teeth 332.

Claims (24)

1. Belt ( 100 ) for doors, windows and the like
with a frame band part ( 10 ) which comprises a fastening part ( 1 ) to be fastened to a surface of the fixed frame and a hinge part ( 2 ) provided on one side thereof,
with a sash hinge part ( 20 ) which comprises a fastening part ( 11 ) to be fastened to a surface of the sash and a hinge part ( 12 ) provided on one side thereof, which is arranged above the hinge part ( 2 ) of the frame hinge part ( 10 ),
with a hinge pin ( 16 ) forming a hinge axis (S), which engages in aligned recesses ( 4 , 14 ) of the hinge parts ( 2 , 12 ) and around which the hinge parts ( 10 , 20 ) can be pivoted against each other,
and with a lifting bush arrangement ( 30 ) surrounding the hinge bolt ( 16 ) and provided in the area ( 24 ) between the frame hinge part ( 10 ) and the sash hinge part ( 20 ), by means of which the sash hinge part ( 20 ) can be raised and lowered relative to the frame hinge part ( 10 ) by rotating in the vertical space between the frame hinge part ( 10 ) and the sash hinge part ( 20 ),
characterized ,
that the lifting bushing arrangement ( 30 , 130 , 230 , 330 ) comprises a pair of coaxial lifting bushings ( 21 , 31 ; 121 , 131 ; 221 , 231 ; 321 , 331 ) coaxial with the hinge axis (S), - of which the lower lifting bush ( 31 , 131 , 231 , 331 ) rests with its lower end face ( 32 ) against the frame band part ( 10 ) and is rotationally fixed there on the frame band part ( 10 ), - of which the upper lifting bush ( 21 , 121 , 221 , 321 ) rests with its upper end face ( 22 ) against the sash hinge part ( 20 ) and is rotatable about the hinge axis ( 5 ) relative to the lower lifting bush ( 31 , 131 , 231 , 331 ), - and which are operatively connected via contact surfaces which are coaxial with the hinge axis (S) and have a slope in such a way that the axial distance between the end faces ( 22 , 32 ) can be changed by rotation. 2. Band according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting bushing arrangement ( 30 , 130 , 230 , 330 ) is designed as a self-contained, externally substantially cylindrical structural unit in the manner of a cartridge, provided with end faces ( 22 , 32 ) running perpendicular to the hinge axis (S). 3. Band according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lifting bush arrangements ( 30 , 230 , 330 ) engage in recesses ( 23 , 25 ) of the band parts ( 10 , 20 ) and rest with the end faces ( 22 , 32 ) against the flat base of the recesses ( 23 , 25 ) perpendicular to the hinge axis (S). 4. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sash hinge part ( 20 ) contains, in its recess ( 14 ) intended for receiving the hinge bolt ( 16 ), a hinge bolt bushing ( 5 ) which engages over the base of the recess ( 23 ) with a radial collar against which the end face ( 22 ) of the upper lifting bushing ( 21 , 121 , 221 , 321 ) rests. 5. Hinge according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower lifting bush ( 31 , 131 , 231 , 331 ) has an axial projection ( 34 ) on its end face ( 32 ) which engages in a longitudinal groove ( 35 ) in the peripheral surface of the recess ( 4 ) of the frame hinge part ( 10 ) intended to receive the hinge bolt ( 16 ). 6. Belt according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that means for rotationally locking the lifting bushes ( 21 , 31 ; 121 , 131 ; 221 , 231 ; 321 , 331 ) to one another are provided. 7. Hinge according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper lifting bush ( 21 , 121 , 221 , 321 ) has formations ( 26 ) for the engagement of a turning tool on the outer circumference in the vertical intermediate space ( 24 ) between the mutually facing boundaries ( 3 , 13 ) of the frame hinge part ( 10 ) and the sash hinge part ( 20 ). 8. Belt according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lower lifting bush ( 31 , 131 , 231 , 331 ) has a support edge at the lower edge, on which the axial projection ( 34 ) is provided. 9. Band according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lifting bushes ( 21 , 31 ) overlap in the radius area, are arranged coaxially one above the other and have on the mutually facing end faces ( 27 , 36 ) complementary, step-like wave or zigzag formations ( 37 , 38 ) arranged essentially in a plane ( 39 ) that is oblique to the hinge axis (S) and forms the slope, such that by rotating the lifting bushes ( 21 , 31 ) against each other, the axial distance between the end faces ( 22 , 32 ) can be changed in steps. 10. Band according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper lifting bush ( 21 ) forms a shoulder ( 27 , 28 ) on its inner circumference, into which the lower lifting bush ( 31 ) engages radially without play with an outer section ( 29 ) of its outer circumference with a reduced diameter. 11. A hinge according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the inclined plane ( 39 ) formed by the wave or zigzag formations ( 37 , 38 ) forms an angle (α) of 80° to 85° with the hinge axis (S). 12. A hinge according to claim 11, characterized in that from the lowest to the highest point of the end faces ( 27 , 36 ) - seen in the direction of the hinge axis (S) - approximately six to eight wave or zigzag formations ( 37 , 38 ) are provided per half circumference. 13. Belt according to claim 12, characterized in that the wave or zigzag formations ( 37 , 38 ) are inclined "backwards" in such a way that under axial loading of the lifting bushes ( 21 , 31 ) a self-holding effect against unwanted twisting occurs. 14. Belt according to claim 13, characterized in that in a zigzag formation ( 37 , 38 ) the angle of inclination (β) "to the rear" is approximately 15° to 25°. 15. Belt according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lifting bushes ( 121 , 131 ; 221 , 231 ; 321 , 331 ) are operatively connected to one another via a thread ( 128 , 129 ; 228 , 229 ; 328 , 329 ) forming the contact surface having the pitch. 16. Hinge according to claim 15, characterized in that an annular disk ( 125 ) through which the hinge bolt ( 16 ) passes rests against the frame hinge part ( 10 ), which has a recess ( 126 ) for the passage of the axial projection ( 34 ) and, at a location offset in the circumferential direction, an axial tab ( 122 ) which can be folded away outwards in a hinged manner and which can be folded into the longitudinal recesses ( 124 ) distributed over the circumference on the outer circumference of the upper lifting bush ( 121 ). 17. A band according to claim 16, characterized in that the support edge ( 127 ) has a cutout ( 123 ) receiving the axial tab ( 122 ) at the location of the latter. 18. Belt according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the upper lifting bush ( 221 ) partially surrounds the lower lifting bush ( 231 ) and in this region the upper lifting bush ( 221 ) on the inner circumference and the lower lifting bush ( 231 ) on the outer circumference carry an input thread ( 228 , 229 ) forming the contact surface having a pitch. 19. A hinge according to claim 18, characterized in that the upper lifting sleeve ( 221 ) has approximately the shape of a downwardly open pot with a central opening ( 224 ) in the bottom for the passage of the hinge bolt ( 16 ). 20. Band according to claim 19, characterized in that a locking element ( 225 ) is arranged in the interior of the upper lifting bush ( 221 ), by means of which the upper lifting bush ( 221 ) can be locked to the lower lifting bush ( 231 ) under axial load in a selectable rotational position. 21. Band according to claim 20, characterized in that the locking element ( 225 ) is elastically deformable under the axial load such that locking members ( 227 , 237 ) engage. 22. A band according to claim 21, characterized in that the lower lifting bush ( 231 ) carries on an upper end face a finely divided toothing ( 233 ) which can be brought into engagement with a complementary toothing ( 223 ) on a lower end face of the locking element ( 225 ). 23. A hinge according to claim 22, characterized in that the locking element ( 225 ) is approximately crown-shaped and the individual "prongs" of the crown are zigzag-shaped in a longitudinal section passing through the hinge axis (S) with radially outwardly directed projections ( 227 ) which, under axial loading and corresponding deformation, are displaced radially outward and enter corresponding openings ( 237 ) in the side wall ( 222 ) of the upper lifting sleeve ( 221 ). 24. A band according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the upper lifting sleeve ( 321 ) has an external thread ( 329 ) and the lower lifting sleeve ( 331 ) has a complementary internal thread ( 328 ) and the lifting sleeves ( 321 , 331 ) are surrounded by a sleeve-shaped locking element ( 325 ) which has longitudinal ribs ( 327 ) or longitudinal grooves on its inner circumference, which interact with corresponding formations ( 326 ) on the outer circumference of the lower lifting sleeve ( 331 ), and that radially inwardly projecting, elastically pushable prongs ( 332 ) are provided on the upper edge of the sleeve-shaped locking element ( 325 ), which can be inserted into complementary recesses ( 333 ) in the upper region of the upper lifting sleeve ( 321 ) from the outside. intervene.