DE19949981A1 - Detergent for use in washing machines or mechanical dishwashers, comprises wash-active agent enclosed in polymer, includes disintegrating agent activated by moisture to facilitate opening of the polymer material - Google Patents

Abstract

A portion (A) of a detergent or cleaning composition contains disintegrating agent(s) (I), wash-active component(s) (II) and polymer material(s) (III) at least partially covering (II), where (I) reacts with moisture and has no deleterious effects on (II). Independent claim(S) are included for: (a) a method for facilitating the opening of a covering of (III) on (II) in a portion of a detergent or cleaning composition, involving incorporation of (I) in the composition; and (b) the use of (I) as in (a).

Description

The present invention relates to a detergent comprising at least one disintegrant or detergent serving. In particular, the invention relates to an explosive comprehensive detergent or cleaning agent portion, in which at least part of the active detergent preparation (s) in the form of one or more compacted moldings is present.

Detergents and cleaning agents and processes for their manufacture have been around for a long time are known and are extensively described in the prior art. Usually who the washing or cleaning agent to the consumer in the form of spray-dried or granulated solid products or as liquid goods. The desire of the consumer following options for a convenient dosage, have In addition to the two classic variants mentioned, products in pre-portioned form established on the market and are also described in the prior art. There are Descriptions of washing or cleaning agents in the form of pressed molded articles, thus tablets, blocks, briquettes, rings and the like as well as packaged in bags Portions of solid and / or liquid washing or cleaning agents.

In the case of single-dose amounts of detergents or cleaning agents, which ver packs on the market, bags made of water-soluble film have become established. These make it unnecessary for the consumer to tear open the packaging. To this Wise is a convenient dosage of a single one, for washing or cleaning portion measured by inserting the bag directly into the washing machine or dishwasher, especially in their dispenser or by throwing in the Bag in a certain amount of water, for example in a bucket, a bowl sel or in the hand wash or sink, possible. The washing or cleaning  Medium portion of the surrounding bag dissolves when a certain temperature is reached residue-free. Washing and packaging also packed in bags made of water-soluble film Cleaning agents are described in large numbers in the prior art.

For example, the older patent application DE 198 31 703 discloses a portioned washing or Detergent preparation in a bag made of water-soluble film, in particular a bag of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), in which min at least 70% by weight of the particles of the detergent or cleaning agent preparation part have sizes <800 µm.

Problems arise with such washing portions portioned in water-soluble foil bags. or detergent preparations if these, for example as pressed molded body, only delayed when entering the washing or cleaning liquor to solve. In such a case, the washing or rinsing active components do not stand for the entire washing or rinsing process is available, and the washing or cleaning result deteriorates noticeably.

The object of the invention was to provide a detergent or cleaning agent portion to provide the at least one detergent preparation and one or more that at least one detergent preparation partially or completely surrounding Um includes (s) from at least one polymer material and which are in contact with an aqueous medium such as, in particular, an aqueous washing or cleaning agent solution so quickly that the washing or rinsing active components for the ge entire washing or cleaning cycle are available.

The object of the invention was also a method for facilitating opening or Open an enclosure of a detergent or cleaning agent portion to indicate if this in contact with moisture or with the water of washing or cleaning brisk is coming. In particular, it should be ensured that the washing or active detergent preparations, which are contained in the detergent or cleaning agent portions detach quickly and completely in the fleet and thus for the entire washing or cleaning process are available.  

Another object of the invention was a new use of a disintegration aid by means of improving the dissolving behavior of washing or cleaning agents agent portions in aqueous liquors.

The invention relates to a washing or cleaning agent comprising at least one disintegrant Serving agent with at least one detergent preparation and one or several, some or all of the at least one detergent preparation giving enclosure (s) from at least one polymer material, which is little At least one disintegrant is chosen from substances that react with moisture no adverse interaction between the components of the detergent preparation come in.

The invention further relates to a method for facilitating opening or for opening at least one enclosure consisting of at least one polymer material ner detergent or detergent portion, the at least one wash-active preparation tion comprises, when the detergent or cleaning agent portion comes into contact with moisture or water, wherein the wash-active preparation (s) with at least one Enclosure made of a polymer material provides at least one in the enclosure Introduces substance that is selected from substances that are reactive with moisture the components of the detergent preparation (s) have no adverse effects enter, and the polymer material of the enclosure to at least the enclosing wash-active preparation (s).

The invention further relates to the use of a disintegrant with a damp activity or water-reactive substance, preferably one when reacting with water Gas-releasing substance or a sub-swelling in the presence of water stamping, to open or to facilitate the opening of at least one polymer Containing material containing at least one wash-active preparation in one Serving of detergent or cleaning agent.

The invention further relates to a washing method, in particular a method for machine washing light washing, in which a detergent containing at least one disintegrant Portion with an enclosure of at least one polymer material according to the  following detailed description in a washing device, in particular in placed in a washing machine, by adding water to the disintegrant with water Brings reaction and thus the release of the detergent preparation (s) in the Wash liquor by opening the enclosure made of the polymer material or he relieved.

Finally, the invention also relates to a cleaning method, in particular a method for machine rinsing, in which one contains at least one disintegrant Serving detergent with an enclosure made of at least one polymer material according to the following detailed description in a cleaning device, especially placed in a dishwasher, by adding water Disintegrant reacts with water and thus the release of the waschakti ven preparation (s) in the cleaning liquor by opening the enclosure from the bottom lymer material causes or relieves.

Under the term "detergent or cleaning agent portion" is part of the vorlie Invention one for a washing or taking place in an aqueous phase Cleaning process sufficient amount of a detergent or cleaning agent Roger that. This can be done, for example, by machine washing or cleaning be like that with standard washing machines or dishwashers is carried out. According to the invention, however, a (at for example in the hand wash basin or in a bowl) Aisle or a dishwashing cycle carried out by hand or another process of the Understanding washing or cleaning. According to the invention, the washing or detergent portions for machine washing or cleaning processes used.

The term "portion of detergent or cleaning agent" is used in the context of lying invention a portion of a detergent or cleaning agent portion ver stood in one of other portions of detergent or cleaning agent separated phase in spatial connection with other detergents or cleaning agents Portions of the same detergent or cleaning agent portion is present and by ge appropriate measures are prepared so that they are separated from other washing or Rei  Detergent portions of the same detergent or detergent portion in the Given fleet and can be dissolved or suspended in it if necessary. there a portion of detergent or cleaning agent can contain the same ingredients as one other portion of detergent or cleaning agent of the same detergent or cleaning agent medium portion included; however, preferably contain two washing or cleaning agents partial portions of the same detergent or detergent portion different In substances, in particular different detergent preparations.

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions contain measured portions Amounts of at least one active washing preparation, usually measured Amounts of several detergent formulations. It is possible that the portions only contain active detergent preparations of a certain composition. According to However, it is preferred according to the invention that several, usually at least two, wash-active preparations of different compositions in the washing or Servings of detergent are included. The composition can be considered Lich the concentration of the individual components of the detergent preparation (quantitative) and / or with regard to the type of the individual components of the washing active Preparation (qualitatively) be different. It is particularly preferred that the compo are adapted in terms of type and concentration to the tasks that the Portions of detergent or cleaning agent in the washing or cleaning process have to fulfill. The partial portions are in connection with the present invention tion prefers those of the same or different water-soluble materials included first, second and possibly third or even higher (fourth, fifth etc.) measured amounts of one or more detergent-active preparation (s) which are combined to form a detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention.

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portion comprises at least one active washing preparation. In the detergent or cleaning agent portion a or more washing-active preparations can be included. If there are several active detergent preparations can have the same or different composition his. No restrictions are imposed on the composition according to the invention He puts. The only requirement is that the individual components of one or more active detergent preparations are not mutually effective or storage  affect bility. If necessary, individual components are to be assembled in this way ren that an impairment is excluded or mini for the foreseeable storage period is lubricated.

Under the term "washing active preparation", with detergent portions and. May also referred to as "rinse-active preparation" are within the scope of the present invention Preparations of all conceivable, in connection with a washing or cleaning relevant process understood. These are primarily the real ones Chen detergents or cleaning agents with their later in the description individual components explained in more detail. This includes active substances such as surfactants (anioni chemical, non-ionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants), builder substances (anorga niche and organic builders), bleaching agents (such as peroxo Bleach and chlorine bleach), bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleaching kata analyzers, enzymes, special polymers (e.g. those with cobuilder Properties), graying inhibitors, dyes and fragrances (perfumes) without the term is restricted to these substance groups.

However, washing aids are also included under the term "wash-active preparations" and cleaning aids understood. Examples of these are optical brighteners, UV Protective substances, so-called soil repellents, i.e. polymers that prevent re-contamination counteracting fibers or hard surfaces, as well as silver protection agents. Also Laundry treatment agents such as fabric softener or dishwashing detergent additives such as Klar According to the invention, dishwashers are considered as active detergent preparations.

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portion contains one or more Other enclosure (s) made of one or more polymer material (s). This polymer Material or these polymer materials can be insoluble in water. This has to Consequence that the detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention with a Enclosure is provided that does not dissolve in the washing or cleaning fiotte, son other - use for example by means of or with the help of the invention detonating agent - is opened and the at least one wash-active or flushing acti ve release into the aqueous liquor. Conceivable according to the invention - and from preferred for practical reasons - but is also the use of a water-soluble Chen polymer material or several water-soluble polymer materials that the  partially or completely comprises at least one washing-active preparation, or the use of a water-insoluble and a water-soluble polymer Materials side by side. In the case of using a water-insoluble poly mermaterials as an enclosure for one or more wash-active or wash-active accessories Measures such as the use of the are preferred Explosives seized to release a charge after opening the enclosure wash-active preparation (s) in the aqueous liquor to facilitate or enable.

According to the invention, there is the possibility that the washing or cleaning agent Serving of one or more water-soluble polymer Contains material (s) or that several enclosures are included. As part of the In the present invention, the presence of an enclosure is preferred, which has advantages in the choice of materials and also in terms of the requirement that something must dissolve ser soluble polymer material in the washing or cleaning liquor, it It is preferred according to the invention that a water-soluble water used as an enclosure ches polymer material without residue in the (usually aqueous) washing or cleaning cleaning fleet solves. The enclosure (s) can be made from a single water-soluble Polymer material or can be made from several different water-soluble bottoms lymer materials are formed. With regard to the task at hand according to the invention the use of several different polymer materials be particularly preferred, which will be discussed in more detail below.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this is the at least one washing-active preparation partially or completely surrounding water-soluble poly mer material a water-soluble packaging. Below that is a flat one Part understood that at least one detergent preparation partially or completely dig surrounds. The exact form of such packaging is not critical and can be Conditions of use are largely adapted. For example, various shapes (such as hoses, pillows, cylinders, bottles, disks, etc.) processed processed plastic films or sheets, capsules and other conceivable Shapes in question. According to the invention, particular preference is given to films which, for example be glued and / or sealed to packaging such as hoses, pillows or similar can, after with partial portions of the washing or Reini  detergent portions or with the detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention Servings were filled.

More preferred according to the invention because of the excellent desired properties adaptable to physical conditions plastic Foil packaging made of water-soluble polymer materials. Such films are basically known from the prior art.

In principle, all polymer materials come as water-soluble polymer materials in question under the given conditions (temperature, pH, concentration tion on wash-active components) can completely dissolve in the aqueous phase. The Polymer materials can particularly preferably be the groups (acetalized) Po lyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose and their deri vate and mixtures of the materials mentioned.

Polyvinyl alcohols (PVAL for short) are polymers of the general structure

[-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -] _n

those in small quantities also structural units of the type

[-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -]

contain. Since the corresponding monomer (vinyl alcohol) is not stable in free form is, polyvinyl alcohols via polymer-analogous reactions by hydrolysis, tech nisch in particular by alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of polyvinyl acetates Alcohols, preferably with methanol, are obtained. Through these technical processes are also accessible to PVAL, which have a predetermined residual amount of acetate groups contain.

Commercial PVAL (e.g. Mowiol® grades from Hoechst) come as white yellowish powder or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 500 to 2500 (corresponding to molecular weights of approx. 20,000 to 100,000 g / mol) in the trade and  have different degrees of hydrolysis from 15 to 99 mol% or from 85 to 92 mol% or from 87 to 89 mole%. So they are partially saponified polyvinyl acetates with a residue content of acetyl groups from about 1 to 25 mol% or 8 to 15 mol% or 11 to 13 mol%.

The water solubility of PVAL can be checked by post-treatment with aldehydes (Acetalization), by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus target the desired values put. Films made of PVAL are largely impenetrable for gases such as oxygen, Nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, however, leave water vapor step through.

Examples of suitable water-soluble PVAL films are those under designation "SOLUBLON®" from Syntana Handelsgesellschaft E. Harke GmbH & Co. er available PVAL films. Their solubility in water can be adjusted to the degree and films of this product range are available, all of which are rele vanten temperature ranges are soluble in the aqueous phase.

Polyvinylpyrrolidones, abbreviated as PVP, can be described by the following general formula:

PVP are made by radical polymerization of 1-vinyl pyrrolidone. Han Standard PVPs have molar masses in the range from approx. 2500 to 750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.

Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula

H- [O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ] _n -OH

the technically by basic catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly systems containing small amounts of water with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule getting produced. They have molar masses in the range from approx. 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n from approx. 5 to <100,000. Polyethylene oxides and show an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups only weak glycol properties.

Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: approx. 15,000 to <250,000 g / mol), which is primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under sau or alkaline conditions. The amino acids The composition of the gelatin largely corresponds to that of the collagen from which it is made and varies depending on its provenance. The usage of gelatin as a water-soluble coating material is particularly popular in pharmacy Form of hard or soft gelatin capsules extremely widespread. In the form of foils finds gelatin because of its ho compared to the polymers mentioned above low price.

Washing and cleaning are also preferred in the context of the present invention medium portions, the packaging of which consists of water-soluble film made of at least one Polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.

Starch is a homoglycan, with the glucose units linked α-glycosidically. Starch is made up of two components of different molecular weights: from approx. 20 to 30% straight-chain amylose (MW. approx. 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched chain amylopectin (MW. approx. 300,000 to 2,000,000). Next to it are still contain small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations. During the amylose Due to the binding in the 1,4 position, long, helical, intertwined chains with forms about 300 to 1200 glucose molecules, the chain branches at amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose units through 1,6-binding to a knot-like one Formations with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose. In addition to pure starch Production of water-soluble enclosures of the detergent and cleaning agent portions  within the scope of the present invention also starch derivatives which are polymeranalo reactions of starch are available. Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in de Hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But also strengths in which the Hydroxy groups against functional groups that do not have an oxygen atom bound, replaced, can be used as starch derivatives. In the group the starch derivatives are, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), Starch esters and ethers as well as amino starches.

Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two moles of cool glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. In the context of the present invention, cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions can also be used as a cellulose-based encapsulation material. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, car boxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.

Preferred enclosures made of water-soluble film consist of a polymer with a molecular weight between 5000 and 500,000 daltons, preferably between 7500 and 250,000 daltons and especially between 10,000 and 100,000 daltons. The what The water-soluble film which forms the enclosure preferably has a thickness of 1 to 150 microns, preferably from 2 to 100 microns, particularly preferably from 5 to 75 microns and ins special from 10 to 50 µm.

These water-soluble films can be produced by various manufacturing processes become. In principle, blowing, calendering and casting processes should be mentioned here. At a preferred methods are the foils starting from a melt with air  blown over a blow mandrel to a hose. In the calendering process that also belongs to the preferred manufacturing process, are by suitable additives plasticized raw materials for forming the films atomized. Here it may be necessary, in particular, to start drying on the atomizations conclude. In the casting process, which is also the preferred manufacturing process heard, an aqueous polymer preparation is against a heatable drying roller After the water has evaporated, cooling is optional and the film as a film deducted. If necessary, this film is added before or during the peeling powdered.

Enclosures made of water-insoluble polymers can be made, for example from all usual water-insoluble packaging materials, which the expert on are well known in this area. The preferred polymers are in particular To name hydrocarbon-based plastics. Among the most preferred Polymers include polyethylene, polypropylene (more preferably oriented polypro pylene) and polymer mixtures such as mixtures of the poly mentioned mere with polyethylene terephthalate. There are also one or more polymers from the group polyvinyl chloride, polysulfones, polyacetals, water-insoluble cellulose derivatives, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetobutyrate and mixtures of said polymers or copolymers comprising said polymers in fra ge. The selection of suitable polymers or copolymers or their mixtures can meet the specialist without any problems due to his specialist knowledge and also consult relevant literature (such as Winnacker-Küchler, Chemi technology, 4th edition, volume 6, Hanser-Verlag, Munich).

An essential component of the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention Portion is at least one disintegrant selected from moisture-reactive Substances that do not match the components of the detergent preparation (s) partial interaction. A disadvantageous and therefore avoidable change Interaction is any interaction that affects the washing or cleaning activity of one or several components of the wash-active preparation (s) and thus also the washing or detergent portion is impaired or storage stability is reduced.  

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the explosives are / are in the detergent or cleaning agent portion contained, with moisture or water reactive substance (s) one or more water-soluble substance (s), further preferably one or more water-soluble substance (s). Such Substances are used with advantage because they have no insoluble back stood completely in the aqueous phase and with the washing or cleaning detergent liquor after use. These are also preferred Moisture or water reactive substance (s) one or more when reacting with Water is a gas-releasing substance, which has the advantage that in Reakti on with water a quick and targeted disintegration of washing or cleaning medium portion takes place. This also leads to smaller and thus the release process in Water has a larger surface area and carries - compared to one Serving of detergent or cleaning agent in the form of a pressed body - for one loading acceleration of the dissolving process. As a result, the wash-active or rinse-off tive components quickly available for washing or rinsing. Further ahead is / are the substance (s) reactive with moisture or water one or more Other hygroscopic substance (s).

It is particularly preferred according to the invention if in the washing or cleaning medium portion at least the substance (s) reactive with moisture or water a substance releasing a gas from chemical bonding and / or at least one is a substance releasing gas from physical bonding. A gas is off Chemical bond-releasing substances are substances in which in counter were damp or water and possibly in the presence of one or more The other sub, which enables or facilitates the release of a gas punch (s) a gas atom previously bound as part of the molecule is set, leaving the residual molecule (or several residual molecules), the / the preferably is / are completely water-soluble so that it can be washed or cleaned can be deducted. In contrast, a gas is off Substances releasing physical bonds are those substances on or in which gases are physically adsorbed or absorbed and these within a Change in the physical environment, such as a change in temperature temperature can be desorbed.  

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions further preferably comprise at least one disintegrant in which the at least one gas (s) releasing chemical bond (s) comprises at least one gas from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or mixtures thereof releasing substance (s) is / are. Particularly preferred but non-limiting examples of such substances are selected from the group consisting of bound hydrogen peroxide-releasing substances, substances containing -OO groups, substances containing -OCO groups, hydrides and carbides. Further preferred examples are one or more substance (s) from the group of percarbonates (particularly preferably sodium percarbonate), persulfates, perborates or peracids, M _A M _B H ₄ , where M _{A is} an alkali metal (particularly preferably Li or Na) and M _{B is} B or Al (e.g. LiAlH ₄ , NaBH ₄ , NaAlH ₄ ), and M ^I ₂ C ₂ or M ^II C ₂ , where M ^{I is} a monovalent metal and M ^{II is} a divalent metal stands (e.g. CaC ₂ ).

When (according to the invention is particularly advantageous and therefore preferred) use of carbonates or hydrogen carbonates, the presence of acids in the usually alkaline wash-active or rinse-active preparations can be a prerequisite for the release of a gas (CO ₂ ) from the chemical bond in the carbonate . Basically, all acids compatible with the overall system can be used as acids. Organic acids are very often used, especially citric acid.

It corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the invention Serving detergent or cleaning agent that the moisture-reactive (s), at least a substance (s) releasing gas from physical bond at least one Gas from the group oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, air, water vapor and mixtures thereof by means of desorption releasing substance.

A disintegrant comprising at least one disintegrant is further preferred according to the invention Portion of detergent or cleaning agent, in which the react with moisture or water ve (n) substance (s) is at least one substance swelling with water absorption.  

Such substances swelling under water, also called "disintegration aid called medium, are for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as gelatin, cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions contain 0.5 to 10% by weight preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more Disintegration aids, each based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agents servings of detergent.

As preferred disintegration aids within the scope of the present invention tion disintegration aid used on a cellulose basis, so that preferred Detergent portions such disintegration aid on Cel Loose base in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 7 wt .-% and ins contain particularly 4 to 6 wt .-%.

Can be used as disintegration aids on the basis of cellulose lying invention also cellulose derivatives by polymer-analogous reactions are available from cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include for example products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy Hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But also celluloses in which the hydroxy Groups against functional groups that are not bound via an oxygen atom, can be replaced as cellulose derivatives. In the cellulo group Se derivatives fall, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Cel lulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned who preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegration aid sets, but used in a mixture with cellulose. The content of these mixtures Cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegration aid. Pure cellulose is particularly preferred as a disintegration aid based on cellulose loosely used, which is free of cellulose derivatives.  

The cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not in fine Partial form used, but before mixing to the pre-pressed mix into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted. Detergent tablets, the disintegrant in granular or given contain cogranulated form, are in the German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) as well as in the internationa len patent application WO 98/40463 (Henkel). These writings are too details on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulo to remove disintegrant. The particle sizes of such disintegration aids are usually above 200 microns, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1,600 µm and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1,200 µm. The above and described in more detail in the cited documents A coarser disintegration aid based on cellulose is available within the scope of the present Invention preferred to use as disintegration aid and commercially for example under the name Arbocel® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available.

As a further cellulose-based disintegration aid or as part of it Component can be used microcrystalline cellulose. This microcrystalline Cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under such conditions hold only the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the Cel Attack loose and completely dissolve, but the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) un leave damaged. A subsequent disaggregation of the hydrolysis The micro-pure cellulose provides the microcrystalline cellulose, the primary part 5 µm and for example to granules with a medium ren particle size of 200 microns are compactible.

It corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention that that as Umfas solution of the active detergent preparation (s) in the detergent or cleaning agent portions polymer material used is a water-soluble polymer material. Especially be preference is given to those already described above (possibly residual acetate Group containing) polyvinyl alcohols used, for example in the form of films with water solubility adjusted to a certain temperature. Even more before  at least one detergent or cleaning agent comprising disintegrants Portions according to the invention in which the polymer material of the at least one Enclosure acts as a carrier of the at least one explosive. This execution form advantageously facilitates the opening of the enclosure from the polymer Material in contact with water and thus enables quick and complete soldering the active detergent preparation (s) in the aqueous liquor.

In an alternative, likewise preferred embodiment of the invention Detergent or detergent portions is the disintegrant in one or more wash-active preparation (s) incorporated. When loosening the polymer material of the order this occurs when the active detergent preparation comes into contact with the water in the fleet Explosives in action, whether by developing a gas or by swelling Water absorption, and disintegrates the detergent or cleaning agent portion. On rapid dissolution of the components of the wash-active preparation (s) in the aqueous Fleet ensures the provision of ge for the washing or cleaning process wanted active substances.

In the same way it is advantageous and therefore preferred that in the washing or cleaning Detergent portions according to the invention the disintegrant (s) used in addition the wash-active preparation (s) within the enclosure from the polymer Material (s) is present without being incorporated into the wash-active preparation (s) is / are. It is immediately open to water and can do so quickly lead to disintegration of the detergent or cleaning agent portion.

A further preferred embodiment of the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention Serving agent is that they condition the disintegrant in such a way ten form includes that its reaction with moisture or water occurs delayed. This embodiment is not only advantageous in cases where there is already little Amounts of moisture could cause the disintegrant to dampen resp. reacts to the water and opens the detergent or cleaning agent portion, son but also in cases where a controlled opening of the washing or cleaning Serving agent should be achieved, for example by slow swelling. Be In these cases, a coating on the  Be an explosive. If the coating is even more preferred a coating with controlled Is hydrophobicity, the reaction with moisture or water occurs delayed, what with Advantages are associated with certain components of the wash-active preparation delivery (s) should only be delivered to the fleet after a delay.

According to the invention, the enclosures of at least one are particularly advantageous Detergent or detergent portions of polymer containing explosives Materials in the form of foils or capsules, being made from manufacturing green the foils are preferred. Both films and capsules can be made according to the invention consist of one polymer material or of several polymer materials. Proven have - without this being understood as a limitation - water-soluble Polymer materials that are preferably selected from the group (optionally remaining polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyal kylene glycol, gelatin, starch, cellulose or their derivatives or mixtures thereof, preferably those made of polyvinyl alcohol, more preferably films made of polyvinyl alcohol, even more preferred films made of polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of saponification of 75 up to 99 mol%, still more preferably with a degree of saponification of 85 to 92 mol%, most preferably with a degree of saponification of 87 to 89 mol%.

The detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention contain one or several substances from the group of tensides, tenside compounds, builders, bleach medium, bleach activators, enzymes, foam inhibitors, colors and fragrances as well as - in the case that the detergent or cleaning agent portions at least partially as Shaped bodies are present - binding and disintegration aids. These substance classes who described below.

The washing and cleaning agents according to the invention can be used to develop the washing performance servings of surfactants from the group of anionic, contain nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, anionic Surfactants clearly for economic reasons and because of their range of services are preferred.  

The anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 mono olefins with a terminal or internal double bond obtained by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of 2-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for. B. the 2-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated Ko kos-, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid reglycerol esters are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 mol Obtained fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol become. Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example the Capron acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearin acid or behenic acid.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates as well as C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

Also the sulfuric acid monoesters of the ge chain-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (for a description, see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof. Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, pal mitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, Ka lium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts. In a Another embodiment of the invention are surfactants in the form of their magnesium salt ze used.  

Detergent and cleaning agent portions are within the scope of the present invention preferably 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 up to 25% by weight of one or more anionic surfactant (s), each based on the detergent and detergent portion.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the washing and Portions of detergent are used to ensure freedom of formulation restrictions to be observed in the way. Preferred detergents and cleaning agents Portions according to the invention, however, have a soap content which is 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent and cleaning agent portion increases. The preferred anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fat alcohol sulfate (s), each based on the weight of the detergent and cleaning agent Serving.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl branched or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, such as are usually present in oxoal alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, and mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which either as sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants that are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in the japan cal patent application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably according to the method described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533 getting produced.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkyl polyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R represents a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, are preferably used in de the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention can preferably Al Contain kylpolyglycoside, with contents of the detergent and cleaning agent portions of APG over 0.2% by weight, based on the entire molded body, are preferred. Be Particularly preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions contain APG in quantities from 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular in quantities of 0.5 to 3% by weight.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fat  Acid alkanolamides may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or is an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated , preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331 by implementation with Fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

It may furthermore be preferred in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants also use cationic surfactants. They are preferably used as Washing performance booster, whereby only small amounts of cationic surfactants are required are. If cationic surfactants are used, they are preferred in the agents in Contain quantities from 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular from 0.1 to 3.0 wt .-%.

In the cases in which the washing and cleaning according to the invention Medium portions are detergents, these usually contain one or more re surfactant (s) in total amounts of 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 10 to 35 wt .-%, Ten in partial portions of the detergent portions according to the invention side can be contained in larger or smaller quantities. In other words: the The amount of surfactant is not the same in all portions; rather, portions can be made with relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller surfactant content the.

In the cases in which the washing and cleaning according to the invention medium portions are detergents, especially dishwashing detergents these usually hold one or more surfactant (s) in total amounts from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, the partial Detergent portions according to the invention in larger or smaller quantities may be included. In other words: The amount of surfactant is also with Reini detergents or dishwashing detergents are not the same in all portions; rather can  Partial portions with a relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller surfactant content be provided.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the washing and cleaning according to the invention Serving agents can usually be used in detergents and cleaning agents set builders may be included, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, or ganic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use hen - also the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and α-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

Amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus from 1: 2 to 1: 3, 3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed in dissolving and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolving compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” also meant “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degrees units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles give washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments.

This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 up to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to Max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also has a release delay compared to conventional water glasses sen, for example, be in the German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 wrote. Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates are particularly preferred, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.

An optionally used fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water Zeolite containing is preferably Zeolite A and / or P. As the P-type zeolite Zeolite MAP (e.g. commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield) especially before moves. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.

A co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX®, is also commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention and through the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) on and contain preferably 18 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 22 wt .-% of bound Water.

It goes without saying that detergents also use the generally known ones Phosphates as builder substances possible, provided that such use is not from eco logical reasons should be avoided. Sodium is particularly suitable salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and especially tripolyphospha te.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their natri polycarboxylic acids that can be used, such car bonic acids are understood that carry more than one acid function. For example  these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, wine acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitri Lotriessigsäure (NTA), provided that their use for ecological reasons is not allowed stood, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of poly carboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, Sugar acids and mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used become. In addition to their builder effect, the acids typically also have the egg property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to adjust one lower and milder pH of detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention. In this context in particular are citric acid, Bern succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these to call sen.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders. These are, for example Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example sol che with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of the present invention, the molar masses given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{W of} the particular acid form, which were basically determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. These data deviate significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrene acids are generally significantly higher than the molar masses specified in the context of the present invention.

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of Have 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, can In this group, the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights, are preferred from 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol.  

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid have proven particularly suitable, which contain 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative molar mass, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution solution can be used. The content of the washing or cleaning according to the invention medium portions of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20 % By weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve the solubility in water, the polymers can also contain alkyl sulfonic acids, as for example in EP-B 0 727 448, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsul contain fonic acid as a monomer.

In particular, biodegradable polymers of more than two are preferred various monomer units, for example those described in DE-A 43 00 772 as monomeric salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or Vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C 42 21 381 as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those described in the German patent applications DE-A 43 03 320 and DE-A 44 17 734 are described and preferred as monomers as acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate contain.

Likewise, further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to name their salts or their precursors. Are particularly preferred Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which in the German Pa DE-A 195 40 086 discloses that in addition to co-builder Properties also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.  

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are produced by the implementation of Dial dehyden can be obtained with polyol carboxylic acids having 5 to 7 carbon atoms and have at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in US Pat European patent application EP-A 0 280 223. Preferred polyacetals are made from Dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and obtained from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligo mers or polymers of carbohydrates by partial hydrolysis of starches can be obtained. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to conventional methods, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed processes are carried out. It is preferably Hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. There is a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, preferably, DE being a customary measure of the reduction ornamental effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which is a DE of 100 owns. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and can be used Dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2,000 to 30,000 g / mol. A preferred dextrin is in British patent application 94 19 091 wrote.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known from European patent applications EP-A 0 232 202, EP-A 0 427 349, EP-A 0 472 042 and EP-A-0 542 496 and from international patent applications WO 92 / 18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110, WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608 are known. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A 196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenedia Mindisuccinate are other suitable co-builders. Here, ethylenediamine-N, N'-  disuccinate (EDDS), the synthesis of which is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,158,615 is described, preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and Gly are also preferred in this context cerintrisuccinate, as described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,524,009 and US-A 4,639,325, in European patent application EP-A 0 150 930 and in the ja panic patent application JP-A 931339,896. Appropriate A Quantities in zeolite and / or silicate formulations are 3 to 15% by weight.

Other useful organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycar bonic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form nen and which have at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group as well as a maximum of two acid groups. Such co-builders are for example as described in the international patent application WO 95/20029.

Another class of substances with co-builder properties are the phosphonates It is especially hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephospho nate. Among the hydroalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably called sodium salt used, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH = 9) reacts. Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetra methylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) as well as their higher homologues in question. They are preferably in the form of neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta and Octasodium salt of DTPMP. As a builder, the class becomes the Phosphonates preferably used HEDP. The aminoalkane phosphonates have too which has a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, it can especially if the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention also Contain bleach, be preferred, aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, use or use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are capable of complexes with alkaline earth to form limetallions, are used as co-builders.  

In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant and builder, the Invention modern detergents or cleaning agents are more common in detergents or cleaning agents Ingredients from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, fragrances, Perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredepo sition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and contain corrosion inhibitors.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphate, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. If cleaning or bleaching preparations for machine dishwashing are produced, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, 6-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamido operadipic acid and N-nonenylamide; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocytesebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6 -aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Can also be used as bleach in machine dishwashing compositions Chlorine or bromine releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine-releasing materials come, for example, heterocyclic N-bromine and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid,  Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.

To ensure a ver when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve a better bleaching effect, bleach activators can be used in the washing and washing servings of detergent. Compounds can be used as bleach activators gene with aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids under perhydrolysis conditions preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or given if substituted perbenzoic acid result, are used. Substans are suitable zen, the O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or against also carry substituted benzoyl groups. Multiple acylated Al are preferred kylendiamine, especially tetraacetylethyfenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycol rile, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N- Nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or Isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonat (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular their phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, Ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts incorporated into the detergent and cleaning agent portions be prepared. These fabrics are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo-salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru Amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts.

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellu read or their mixtures in question. Bak are particularly well suited strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomy ces griseus extracted enzymatic substances. Proteases are preferably from Subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus,  used. There are enzyme mixtures, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, in particular special, however, cellulase-containing mixtures of particular interest. Peroxi too In some cases, these or oxidases have proven to be suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances to them protect against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the compositions according to the invention can, for example about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.

According to the state of the art, enzymes are primarily used Preparation added, especially added to a dishwashing detergent for the Main wash is determined. The disadvantage was that the optimum effect was used Enzymes limited the choice of temperature and also problems with stability of the enzymes occurred in a strongly alkaline environment. With the washing according to the invention or detergent portions, it is also possible to use enzymes in the pre-rinse cycle and thus the pre-rinse cycle in addition to the main rinse cycle for an enzyme effect on soiling of the wash ware.

According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the one provided for the pre-rinse cycle wash-active preparation or portion of a detergent portion of enzymes add and then such a preparation - more preferably - with one already at low temperature to include water-soluble material, for example the preparation containing enzyme before loss of effectiveness due to environmental conditions to protect. The enzymes are further preferred for use under the conditions the pre-rinse cycle, e.g. in cold water.

The detergent portions according to the invention can be advantageous if the enzyme preparations are in liquid form, as they are sometimes offered commercially the, because then a quick effect can be expected, which is already (relatively short zen and pre-rinse in cold water) occurs. Even if - as usual - The enzymes are used in solid form and these with an egg are provided with a water-soluble material that is already soluble in cold water,  the enzymes can be cleaned before the main wash or main wash cycle Make an impact. Advantage of using a water-soluble mate enclosure rial, in particular from cold water soluble material is that the enzyme / the enzymes in cold water quickly comes into effect after dissolving the enclosure. This can extend their effectiveness, which the washing or rinse aid nis benefits.

The detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention contain according to a particularly preferred embodiment still further additives, such as those from the State of the art as additives for detergent or cleaning agent preparations are known. These can either be one or more, if necessary also all partial Portions (wash-active preparations) of the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention Serving agent portions are added or - as in the parallel pending Pa tent registration No. 199 29 098.9 with the title "Active ingredient portion pack" described - in the water-soluble materials comprising the detergent preparations, So for example in the water-soluble films, but also in the inventive Capsules or coatings can be incorporated.

A preferred group of additives used according to the invention are optical brighteners ler. The optical brighteners customary in detergents can be used here. These are used as an aqueous solution or as a solution in an organic solvent added to the polymer solution which is converted into the film, or become one Partial portion (active washing preparation) of a detergent or cleaning agent in solid or added in liquid form. Examples of optical brighteners are derivatives of Diami nostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. salts of 4,4'- Bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino-) stilbene-2; 2'-disulfonic acid or similarly structured compounds, which instead of the morpholino group a Dietha nol-amino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2- Wear methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the substitute type Diphenylstyryle in the partial portions (washing-active preparations) of the inventions inventive detergent or cleaning agent portions may be included, for. B. the Alka lis salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl or  4- (4-chlorostyryl) 4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the above-mentioned Aufhel It can be used.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention is UV protection. Substances. These are substances that are involved in the washing process or in the subsequent fabric softening process are released in the wash liquor and which on accumulate the fiber in order to achieve a UV protection effect. Appropriate net are the company's products which are commercially available under the name Tinosorb Ciba Specialty Chemicals.

Other conceivable additives which are preferred in special embodiments are Ten side, which in particular can influence the solubility of the water-soluble film, but can also control their wettability and foam formation when dissolved, as well as foam inhibitors, but also bitter substances that prevent accidental swallowing prevent such packaging or parts of such packaging from children nen.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention are dyes, ins special water-soluble or water-dispersible dyes. Are preferred here Dyes as they improve the appearance of the product in washing and Cleaning agents are usually used. The selection of such dyes poses no difficulties for the person skilled in the art, especially since such customary colors substances a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other contents substances of the active washing preparations and against light as well as no pronounced Have substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to stain them. The dyes are according to the invention in the detergent or cleaning agent portions in amounts of less than 0.01% by weight.

Another class of additives, according to the invention, the washing or cleaning Serving agent portions can be added are polymers. Among these polymers On the one hand, polymers come into question when washing or cleaning or rinsing Cobuilder properties, e.g. polyacrylic acids, also show modified properties Polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers. Another group of polymers  are polyvinyl pyrrolidone and other graying inhibitors, such as copolymers of Po lyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose ether and the like. After another execution In the form of the invention, so-called soil repellents are also suitable as polymers, as they are known to the detergent and cleaner specialist and below in individual are described.

Another group of additives are bleaching catalysts, especially bleaching catalysts for automatic dishwashing detergents or detergents. Be used here complexes of manganese and cobalt, especially with nitrogen-containing Li found.

Another preferred group of additives for the purposes of the invention is silver protective means. This is a large number of mostly cyclic organic ones Compounds which are also familiar to the person skilled in the art addressed here and to this contribute to the tarnishing of silver-containing objects in the cleaning pro prevent ze. Specific examples can be triazoles, benzotriazoles and their com be plexes with metals such as Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Mo, W or Cu.

As further additives according to the invention, the detergents or cleaning agents Portions also contain so-called soil repellents, i.e. polymers that are based on fibers or hard Spread surfaces (for example on porcelain and glass) that contain oil and grease Washability from textiles positively influence and thus a re-soiling counteract specifically. This effect is particularly evident when a textile or a hard object (porcelain, glass) is soiled, which several times before with a detergent or cleaning agent according to the invention, the oil and fat contains solvent component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat sol Send components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as Me methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy groups from 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxy groups from 1 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and those from the prior art known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or of their Derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol kolterephthalaten or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of  sen. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and the terephthalic acid polymers.

All of these additives are added to the detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention. Portions in amounts up to at most 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 20 wt .-%, added puts. As already said, the addition to a material of a water-soluble If the detergent-active preparation (s) is to be encompassed sums up. In order to maintain the balance of the recipe, it is therefore the skilled person possible to either increase the weight of the plastic material for the enclosure gladly, so as to take advantage of the depot effect which is achieved according to the invention, or else the additives mentioned additionally at least partially in the rest of the wash acti hold ven preparation. However, this is less preferred.

Fragrances are added to the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention set to improve the overall aesthetic impression of the products and the In addition to the technical performance (fabric softener result), consumers have a sensory typi to provide a beautiful and distinctive product. As perfume oils or Individual fragrance compounds can be used for fragrances, for example synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and type Hydrocarbons. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dime thylbenz-yl-carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylme thylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylsalicylicate. To the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether. The aldehydes include e.g. B. left linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cy clamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lileal and bourgeonal.

The ketones include the ionones, α-isomethyl ionone, and methyl cedryl ketone. To the Alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and pinene. Mixtures of different fragrances are preferably used are coordinated so that together they give an appealing fragrance testify. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as  they are accessible from plant sources. Examples are pine, citrus, jasmine, Patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Nutmeg oil, sage oil, Chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper beer oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, Neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The fragrance content is usually in the range up to 2% by weight of the total Serving of detergent or cleaning agent.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the wash-active preparations; but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to the carrier, which the Haf Increase the perfume on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release the long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such have backing materials Cyclodextrins, for example, have proven their worth. The cyclodextrin perfume Complexes can also be coated with other auxiliaries.

The perfumes and fragrances can basically in each of the portions (waschakti ve preparations) of the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention be included. However, it is particularly preferred that they are in a detergent in egg for the post-wash or fabric softener stage Portion or in a detergent, especially in a dishwashing detergent, in one portion of detergent provided for the rinse cycle or rinse cycle, special portion of detergent portion are included. You must therefore according to the invention one only under the conditions (especially the temperature) of the night wash cycle or rinse cycle water-soluble, under the conditions (in particular re at the temperature) of the previous wash or rinse cycle water insoluble union material, in particular by a corresponding film or capsule. According to the invention, this consists, for example, of one with several chambers the bag can be made from foils of different water solubility.

The inventive washing and cleaning agents comprising at least one disintegrant Serving agent portions can take a number of different forms are available. Such configurations can be used by the individual  Depending on the components, in particular on the detergent preparations, However, they can also be freely selected within certain limits.

There are numerous washing-active preparations in the form of powders and powder mixes gene or in the form of particulate bodies, for example spheres or granules, so that it offers washing and cleaning agent portions according to the invention as one single portion packs or packs of combinations of powdered or parti provide culinary components, for example as combinations of powdered or particulate components in plastic bags with one or more chambers or Layers or as individual portions or combinations of powdered components in Capsules. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid, for example powdery, components to granules or beads processed and in the form of granules or pearls - comparable to powders - packed in foil bags with several layers or chambers or in capsules in what form they are then used immediately for washing or cleaning come.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the Detergent or cleaning agent portions also in the form of solid pressed into bodies substances are present that can have any shape; such shaped articles (10400 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285911028900040 0002019949981 00004 10281 as Tablets, blocks, briquettes, rings or the like) are known from the prior art and can also be used in the context of the present invention. In particular shaped bodies of this type can also have depressions, depressions, incisions or the like, the special purposes of accommodating individual detergent preparations nen. Of course, molded bodies in combination with powders are also in Kombina tion with liquids (the latter, for example, then in a closed enclosure made of a water-soluble material) or in combination with one in a meltable Matrix embedded detergent preparation in the context of the present invention. Also in liquid form, i.e. H. in the form of solutions, gels, suspensions sions or dispersions, existing detergent formulations conceivable and of Invention comprises, which alone, combined with other liquid detergent formulations niert or combined with solid washing-active preparations in a single Umfas  solution or in a combination of several, optionally connected to one another Enclosures can be provided.

Preferred, but non-limiting, examples of wash-active preparations which are combined into detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention can be:

• - One or more washing-active preparations in powder-particle or granule latform and / or liquid form for one or more courses of washing or Cleaning process in one or more enclosures from one or several water-soluble polymer material (s), preferably in a single Polymer material bags or in coherent polymer material bags different, more preferably temperature-dependent water solubility, from Such preparations can also be wash-active preparations different composition for one and the same washing or cleaning Gang includes, for example, three detergent preparations, de z. B. one for the pre (washing or cleaning) course and two for the Main (washing or cleaning) course are provided or z. B. two for the Main (washing or cleaning) aisle and one for the after (washing or Cleaning) aisle are provided;
• - a detergent preparation in powder form and a detergent preparation in Shape of a body melting at high temperature in a containment, which dissolves in water at the temperature at which it is in powder form Portion of detergent or cleaning agent in the fleet is required;
• - A wash-active preparation in the form of a shaped body and a wash-active Preparation in the form of a body melting at high temperature in one Enclosure that dissolves in water at the temperature at which the solids Partial portion of detergent or cleaning agent present in the fleet is required becomes; this embodiment may include a molded body, some of which or is completely delayed in release, for example by pressing or encircling with water for a certain time or at a certain temperature  resistant coating; if in this case the enclosure is soluble in cold water, the molded article is released into the liquor early in the washing or cleaning cycle sets and can quickly dissolve components for a pre (washing or cleaning gungs) gear and (due to the release delay) slowly soluble compo nents for a main (washing or cleaning) course or also quick release components for a first part of the main (washing or cleaning) Gangs and (due to the release delay) slowly soluble components for contain a second part of the main (washing or cleaning) aisle; the wash-active preparation originating from the melting body is in any case for determines the post (washing or cleaning) course;
• - a wash-active preparation in the form of a (if necessary of what polymer-soluble material, if necessary delayed dissolution) Shaped body in combination with one of a water-soluble polymer Material included detergent preparation in, for example, liquid form; a wash-active preparation in the form of a (possibly delayed dissolution) Shaped body with a trough in which another wash-active preparation in Form of a powder of a soluble in water of a certain temperature Polymer material is held;
• - a washing-active preparation in the form of a (possibly delayed dissolution) Shaped body with a trough in which another wash-active preparation in Shape of a shaped body from a dissolve in water of a certain temperature union polymer material is held; by adjusting the solubility of the second molded body can be used under certain conditions (e.g. certain Temperature) add soluble components to the wash liquor;
• - several washing-active preparations in the form (if necessary, delayed dissolution) Shaped bodies are different in water-soluble polymer materials Solubility in water combined into a detergent or cleaning agent portion summarizes, possibly together with other components in other (at un different conditions) water-soluble polymer materials.

As indicated above, these cases are non-limiting examples of laundry or detergent portions according to the invention.

In the method according to the invention for facilitating opening or for opening at least one enclosure consisting of at least one polymer material ner detergent or detergent portion, the at least one wash-active preparation tion comprises, when the detergent or cleaning agent portion comes into contact with moisture or water, the wash-active preparation (s) are provided with at least one Enclosure made of a polymer material, brings at least one sub in the enclosure punch, which is selected from substances which are reactive with moisture or water, the with the components of the active detergent preparation (s) no adverse effects enter, and closes the polymer material of the enclosure to at least the washing-active preparation (s) including enclosure. Preferred (but not According to the invention, those methods are mandatory in which one or more is what Water-soluble polymer material (s) as an enclosure (s) for washing or cleaning medium portion are used.

The substance (s) reactive with moisture or water, one of which alone or several can be used in combination with one another are advantageous stick and thus preferred embodiments of the invention selected from the above groups already described in detail, i.e. water-soluble sub punch, preferably at least one gas-releasing sub upon reaction with water punch, or substances swelling with water absorption, particularly preferred hygroscopic substances that increase their volume when water enters. It can on the one hand, a pressure is generated via the release of gases, which leads to the shape wash pressed or detergent portions into smaller particles active or rinsing active preparations disintegrate; on the other hand, the egg volume can be increased, for example by swelling. Such a case of Swelling can also make it easier to open or even egg ner opening the enclosure of a detergent or cleaning agent portion cause that whose internal volume increases so much that the enclosure is at a predetermined  Point, for example a glue point or prepared seam, opens and so the releases active wash preparation into the aqueous liquor.

In the method according to the invention, they can be with moisture or water reactive substance (s) preferably in the enclosure (s) made of polymer Material can be worked in or can with moisture or water active substance (s) within at least one enclosure in at least one wash-active or rinse-active preparation can be incorporated or can substance (s) reactive with moisture or water within at least one Contain at least one of the wash-active or rinse-active preparations be set without being incorporated into the preparation (s).

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a disintegration aid by means of or disintegrant from a substance reactive with moisture or water, preferably a substance which releases a gas on reaction with water or an in Presence of water swelling substance, to open or to facilitate the Opening at least one enclosure containing at least one polymer material a wash-active preparation in a detergent or cleaning agent portion.

The invention also relates to a washing method in a further practical aspect ren, in particular methods for machine washing, in which one at least a detergent portion containing disintegrant according to the detailed Be above Description, which has a surrounding of at least one polymer material in a washing device, especially placed in a washing machine, by water adding the disintegrant causes water to react, thereby releasing the active detergent preparation (s) in the wash liquor by opening the enclosure from the Polymer material causes or facilitates, as well as a cleaning process, in particular A machine rinsing process in which at least one disintegrant is removed detergent serving portion according to the detailed description above, which has an enclosure of at least one polymer material in a cleaning device, in particular placed in a dishwasher, by adding water the disintegrant reacts with water and thus releases the wash  active preparation (s) in the cleaning liquor by opening the enclosure from the Polymer material causes or facilitates.

Claims (24)

1. At least one detergent or detergent portion comprising an explosive at least one detergent preparation and one or more that little Mostly a detergent-active preparation partially or completely surrounding solution (s) from at least one polymer material, the at least one Disintegrant is selected from substances that are reactive with moisture and that work with the Components of the detergent preparation no adverse interaction go. 2. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant The claim 1, wherein the moisture-reactive substance (s) is one in water soluble substance is / are, preferably a residue-free water-soluble sub is / are punched, more preferably one which releases a gas upon reaction with water Substance is / are, a hygroscopic substance is / are particularly preferred. 3. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising an explosive Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the moisture-reactive substance (s) at least one substance releasing a gas from chemical bonding and / or at least one substance releasing gas is / are. 4. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the moisture-reactive (s), little At least one chemical bond-releasing substance (s) is one gas from the group oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or mixtures substance (s) releasing from it is / are. 5. A detergent or detergent portion comprising at least one disintegrant according to claim 4, wherein the moisture-reactive substance (s) releasing at least one gas from chemical bond (s) releases at least one substance from the group bound hydrogen peroxide releasing substances, -OO- Group-containing substances, -OCO- group-containing substances, hydrides and carbides is / are, preferably a substance from the group of percarbonates (particularly preferably sodium percarbonate), persulfates, perborates or peracids, M _A M _B H ₄ , in which M _{A stands} for an alkali metal (particularly preferably for Li or Na) and M _{B stands} for B or Al, and M ^I ₂ C ₂ or M ^II C ₂ , where M ^{I stands} for a monovalent metal and M ^{II stands} for a divalent metal . 6. Detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising at least one disintegrant according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the moisture-reactive (s), little at least one chemical bond-releasing gas (s) one carbo comprises nat or hydrogen carbonate and a system comprising acid, preferably a system comprising alkali metal carbonate and citric acid includes / comprise. 7. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the moisture-reactive (s), little least one substance (s) releasing gas from physical bond a little at least one gas from the group oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, air, Water vapor and mixtures thereof through desorption releasing substance is / are 8. At least one detergent or detergent portion comprising disintegrant according to claim 1, wherein the moisture-reactive substance (s) at least ei ne substance swelling under water absorption. 9. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to claim 1 or claim 8, wherein the swelling with water absorption Substance includes particles that increase in swelling by at least 50%, preferably increase by 100 to 1000%, based on the particle diameter. 10. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the swelling with water absorption Substance at least one substance from the group polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin,  Cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, alginates, casein derivatives or mixtures thereof. 11. At least one detergent or detergent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the polymer material of the at least one is a water-soluble polymer material. 12. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one polymer material of we at least one enclosure is the carrier of the at least one explosive. 13. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least one disintegrant into the wash-active preparation is incorporated. 14. At least one detergent or detergent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least one disintegrant in addition the wash active preparation (s) within the enclosure from the bottom lymer material (ien) is present. 15. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the at least one disintegrant so it is conditioned that the reaction with moisture or water occurs with a delay. 16. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to claim 15, wherein the disintegrant with a coating, preferably one Coating with controlled hydrophobicity, is provided so that the reaction of the Explosives delayed with moisture or water. 17. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the enclosure (s) from one or more Other polymer material (s) is / are in the form of films or capsules.   18. At least one detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising disintegrant according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the films or capsules are made of (ge optionally containing residual acetate groups) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyr rolidone, polyalkylene glycol, gelatin, starch, cellulose or their derivatives or de Ren mixtures are, preferably those made of polyvinyl alcohol, more preferably foils s made of polyvinyl alcohol, even more preferably films made of polyvinyl alcohol with egg degree of saponification from 75 to 99%, still more preferably with saponification degree of saponification of 85 to 92%, most preferably with a degree of saponification of 87 to 89%. 19. A method for facilitating opening or for opening at least one of we at least a polymer material consisting of a washing or rip Detergent portion, which comprises at least one detergent-active preparation Contact of the detergent or cleaning agent portion with moisture or water, the washing-active preparation (s) comprising at least one enclosure a polymer material provides at least one substance in the enclosure brings, which is selected from substances reactive with moisture, which with the com components of the active detergent preparation (s) no adverse effects hen, and the polymer material of the enclosure to at least the waschakti ve (n) preparation (s) enclosing enclosure. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the moisture-reactive substances selects from the group of substances soluble in water, preferably without residue in Water-soluble substances, more preferably at least when reacting with water a gas-releasing substance, or water-swelling sub punch, particularly preferably hygroscopic substances. 21. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the re with moisture active substance (s) incorporated into the enclosure made of polymer material or in In any case, either incorporate in at least one wash-active preparation prepares or at least adds a detergent preparation.   22. Use of a disintegrant from a moisture or water reactive Substance, preferably a substance which releases a gas upon reaction with water or a substance swelling in the presence of water, for opening or for Facilitating the opening of an enclosure containing at least one polymer material solution of at least one wash-active preparation in a washing or cleaning medium portion. 23. Washing process, in particular machine washing process, in which a detergent portion containing at least one disintegrant with a container solution from at least one polymer material according to one of claims 1 to 18 in a washing device, in particular placed in a washing machine Adding water causes the disintegrant to react with water and thus the free place the active detergent preparation (s) in the wash liquor while opening the container effect from the polymer material effect or relieved. 24. Cleaning method, in particular method for machine rinsing, in which one a detergent portion containing at least one disintegrant with a Enclosure of at least one polymer material according to one of claims 1 to 18 in a cleaning device, in particular in a dishwasher placed, by adding water, the disintegrant reacts with water and thus releasing the wash-active preparation (s) into the cleaning liquor Opening the enclosure from the polymer material causes or facilitates.