DE19917020C2 - Measuring bush for the detection of radial bearing forces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an intermediate bushing Test socket for determining a radial component of the on Plain or rolling force acting from each other entangled, a cage-shaped, at the ends by bark locked holder for the sliding or rolling bearing, one cylindrical fastening part for fastening the measuring bush in Bearing housing, at least two, holder and fastening part connecting, axial and in the form of a shear spring system trained deformation elements, as well as a spacer ring consists. The deformation of the deformation elements is a measure of that radial force acting on the sliding or rolling bearing and detected by sensors in the form of strain gauges, which on at least one deformation element are attached. The Deformation path is through the spacer ring, which is between the holder and the fastener places a gap that matches the corresponds to the desired largest deformation path, limited in type, that at an additional, beyond the desired level supports the holder against the fastening part and this additional load past the deformation elements is directed.

The need for a wide variety of technical processes at least one component of the on the sliding or rolling bearing, further Bearing body called to determine the radial force that occurs known. This contrasts with a large number of standardized ones Combinations of bearing bodies and associated, the various tasks adapted, bearing housings, further Called bearing combinations.

The machine builder wishes to replace the existing bearing combinations with measuring arrangements if necessary. This exchange should be possible without any additional effort. At the same time, high demands are placed on measuring accuracy, rigidity and durability of the measuring arrangement. There are basically different types of measuring arrangements, namely where

• a) attached to universal force sensors bearing combinations (DE 25 21 699; product overview 07.97, type BZH, Fa .: HAEHNE Elektronische Meßgeräte GmbH Germany; Datasheet UMGZ, Fa .: FMS Force Measuring Systems AG Switzerland; Leaflet measurement and control von Kraft Torques, Type Bull. 85 / K, Fa .: A.S.A. Automazione s. a. s. Italy),
• b) measuring bodies are designed in such a way that their fastening parts, which serve to anchor the measuring bodies to machine walls or the like, are connected via axially arranged deformation elements to holders for the bearing bodies (DE 38 22 486; DE 43 12 843),
  • 1. Measuring bodies of type b) are designed such that the fastening parts are accommodated in special bearing housings (DE 24 52 925; DE 27 43 813; DE 41 10 429; DE 43 12 843),
• c) Measuring rings in the form of disks, which are provided centrally with bearing seats for receiving the bearing bodies and have circumferential slots on the end face, which in turn form the deformation elements and, around the bearing seats, free the holders of the bearing bodies, the measuring rings themselves have devices for flange-shaped fastening in the outer part, or they are held in separate flange rings designed for fastening (DE 27 16 024; DE 27 18 925; DE 27 29 699; DE 27 33 569; DE 28 51 048; DE 29 30 520 ; DE 30 09 454; DE 33 36 727; DE 36 03 187; DE 41 08 555; DE 43 13 862; DE 195 11 110),
  • 1. Measuring rings of the type c) are designed so that devices for fastening bearing combinations are available in place of central bearing seats in free holding bodies (DE 43 13 862).

As a measure of the force acting on the bearing body Deformation of the deformation elements used, which about suitable measuring elements, such as strain gauges, for short DMS, is recorded. The measuring accuracy is mainly from the exact Placement and gluing of the strain gauges on the deformation elements dependent. For this purpose, the deformation elements are easily accessible do.

The main disadvantage of all the proposals cited equally attached, it is the same for position combinations Task very different and significantly increased Space requirements, as well as the resulting deviating connection dimensions.  

For an exchange, therefore, there are often major structural changes required. In many cases, smaller bearings have to be used be used, mostly at the cost of life goes.

A number of the suggestions cited improve durability the measuring arrangement by mechanical blockages of the deformation paths beyond the desired level. This approach is implemented by supporting the brackets of the bearing body against the elements containing respective fastening options, according to Art b1) against the special bearing housing, according to Art c) against the Measuring ring outer parts or the separate flange rings. As a disadvantage for the production of such measuring arrangements, it is felt that this important function is divided into two construction elements which is one to reduce the manufacturing effort Variant construction are largely independent of each other should. Adjustment is often problematic, or blockages appear imperfect due to insufficient contact areas.

Especially measuring arrangements of type a) and c1) have as additional Disadvantage large masses in front of the deformation elements, which with the same measuring ranges, the natural frequencies of the measuring arrangements lower significantly.

The invention has for its object one as an intermediate socket to create a trained measuring socket, with the help of measuring arrangements can be formed using the specified bearing combinations Maintaining the bearing body and all important connection dimensions replace, and essentially use the same installation space, the measuring socket itself with a mechanical limitation of Deformation paths is equipped.

The task is performed by the in the characterizing part of the Features specified 1 solved.

According to the invention, the holder is designed as a cage, which is attached to the ends of continuous rings. This Forming contributes significantly to the necessary strength of the holder at. The functional elements holder, deformation elements and Fasteners are interlocked. This Arrangement offers the advantage of an extremely small footprint. A further reduction in the space requirement is achieved by the Manufacture of holder deformation elements and fastening part as  one-piece unit, the main body, achieved because additional Fasteners are omitted. Likewise, the Manufacturing effort for fits, which is when using Fasteners would be necessary.

The deformation path is limited to an annular gap, which is easy to adjust thanks to the separate spacer ring. When the limit measuring force is reached, the gap is closed and the The holder is large over the spacer ring on the Fastening part supported. The advantage of this invention Furnishing is due to a significantly increased durability the prevention of an overload of the deformation elements. As well It is advantageous that the overload protection is completely in the Test socket is integrated and no further external measures requirement.

Ultimately, the compact shape of the measuring bush usually allows the use of bored, standardized bearing housings. In Few cases use slightly modified Bearing housings necessary, especially if the Connection dimensions of the mounting part are not completely standardized Housing can be accommodated. But it was expressly on it referenced that these modifications are hardly related to those needed Construction space impact as they essentially affect the filling of bevels on the bearing housing.

Another expedient aspect is in claim 2 contain. It should be noted that the use of in itself encapsulated and lifetime lubricated bearing bodies on the ground whose ease of maintenance is on the rise, nevertheless often unprotected bearing bodies used. Your advantage lies less in price than in lower friction losses. Bearing bodies of this type require separate protection against the penetration of foreign substances and often one Relubrication facility. Should the desired bearing housing this Does not meet requirements, the test socket is able to to take over said tasks. So new ones can Measuring bearing combinations are formed, which have no equivalent with standardized position combinations.

Claim 3 takes into account the requirements that a Test socket are provided if the available space is not  Placing a bearing housing is sufficient. The machine builder helps in such a case with thin-walled turned parts, which form a collar or have flange, with the help of which it directly supports the bearing body fixed in machine walls or the like. In this case it is Measuring bushing with an enlarged collar, which the Tasks of the flange takes over. The test leads are expediently led outwards on the end face of the federal government. The fastening seat of the fastening part serves in this Version only for radial fixation of the measuring bush.

The invention is described below with reference to FIG Drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the base body of the measuring bushing according to the invention, which resembles a collar bushing with a bearing seat. The collar is not absolutely necessary, but it makes handling the measuring bush easier. The base body forms a one-piece unit and consists of the functional elements holder 1 , deformation elements 2 a / 2 b and fastening part 3 , which are formed by the formations described below.

At least one of the deformation elements 2 a / 2 b is provided with strain gauges 4 in order to be able to record the deformation of the deformation elements that occurs under load as a measure of the load.

Fig. 2 shows the basic body in three views, the views being shown from the side and from above and half cuts. The fastening seat of the fastening part 3 is limited to the region on the collar by a shoulder 10 in the jacket. Another flat paragraph 11 , within the first paragraph 10 , creates the upper contour of the deformation elements 2 a / 2 b, and can be used to guide the measuring lines, not shown here. The flat shoulder is preferably produced by circumferential turning. However, other machining operations are also possible, especially for differently shaping the deformation elements.

The bearing seat in the holder 1 is interrupted by two axial, preferably diametrically opposed and not extending through the entire base body 8 a / 8 b. These form the lower contour of the deformation elements 2 a / 2 b and create sufficient scope for the bearing body, not shown here. Since the millings are limited to small areas of the bearing seat, their influence on the mounting of the bearing body is negligible. At the front of the collar, an axial recess 5 is attached, which is so deep that it creates breakthroughs to the milled grooves of the bearing seat.

For the final separation of the functional elements, slots are made in the base body of the measuring socket. Two axial slots 6 a / 6 b and 6 c / 6 d, which extend from the flat recess to the milled recesses in the bearing seat, release the deformation elements laterally. Two further slots 7 ac and 7 bd, in the circumferential direction at the end of the remaining fastening seat, run between the respective outer axial slots and connect them, the slot depth being selected so that it extends into the front recess. Suitable methods for producing these slots are, for example, cutting, grinding or eroding.

The machining described here creates the basic body, consisting of the deformation elements only at their ends connected functional elements holder, deformation elements and Fastening part, from one piece.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the resulting interleaving demonstrate the functional elements of the base body in different cutting planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Fig. 3 shows a section near the federal government. The fastening part 3 and the rear closed end ring of the holder 1 can be seen, which are separated by the axial recess 5 on the end face of the base body.

Fig. 4 shows a section behind the end of the fastening part 3 , through the slots made on the circumference. The exposed and cut connections 9 a / 9 b between the fastening part 3 and the deformation elements can be seen. The millings of the bearing seat divide the holder 1 into two shells, also shown here in section.

Fig. 5 is a section at the level of the deformation elements 2 a / 2 b. It can be seen how the axial slots 6 a / 6 b and 6 c / 6 d release the deformation elements laterally and separate them from the shells of the holder 1 .

FIGS. 6 and 7 show sections through the main body 12 in the plane along and transverse to the deformation elements. Here the limitation of the deformation path of the measuring bush as well as the interaction of the measuring bush bearing body shall be shown. For this purpose, the cuts were supplemented by the spacer ring 13 according to the invention and a bearing body 15 .

The bearing force is introduced by the bearing body 15 into the holder 1 , which this passes on to the deformation elements 2 a / 2 b. The deformation elements in turn transmit the force to the fastening part 3 . The deformation elements are deformed by the load. There is a slight radial displacement of the holder against the fastening part due to the selected shear spring system. During this displacement, the gap 14 , which is formed between the holder and the fastening part by the spacer ring 13 , is reduced on one side. With the greatest desired loading of the deformation elements, this gap is just closed. If the load rises above the desired level, the overload is directed past the deformation elements via the force shunt between the holder and the fastening part. The deformation elements are protected against overload. No additional overload protection from the outside is required.

Fig. 8 shows a measuring arrangement of the type described, the test socket inserted through a pre-drilled in a standard bearing housing 16 18, and a bearing body 15 is formed.

Finally, FIG. 9 illustrates a measuring arrangement similar to that of FIG. 8, with the difference that the bearing housing 17 on the side of the fastening part has been slightly modified in order to maintain the connection dimensions.

In the exemplary embodiments, the bearing seat is in the form of a cage Spherical holder chosen. This form is represented by the Formation of the measuring bushing according to the invention in a special way supported, but is not mandatory. Are just as good other forms of bearing seats, such as cylinder or cone seats, possible.

The measuring socket can be made from all the usual types of sensors Materials. The use of stainless steel is however due to its good properties, such as high strength and Corrosion resistance, preferred.  

Label list

1

holder

2nd

Deformation elements

3rd

Fastener

4

Strain gauges, or DMS for short

5

puncture

6

Axial slots

7

Slits in the circumferential direction

8th

Cutouts in the holder

9

connection between

2nd

and

3rd

10th

paragraph

11

Flat paragraph

12th

Basic body

13

Spacer ring

14

gap

15

Bearing body

16

Drilled bearing housing

17th

Modified bearing housing

18th

Test socket

Claims (3)

1. Measuring bushing ( 18 ) for detecting radial bearing forces, which connects a sliding or rolling bearing ( 15 ) with a bearing housing ( 16 , 17 ) as an intermediate bushing and from a holder ( 1 ) for the sliding or rolling bearing ( 15 ), one Fastening part ( 3 ) for fastening the measuring bushing ( 18 ) in the bearing housing ( 16 , 17 ), as well as at least two deformation elements ( 2 ) connecting the holder ( 1 ) and fastening part ( 3 ), which, as a shear spring system, experience a deformation in the axial direction which is measured by measuring elements in the form of strain gauges ( 4 ) and represents a measure of the radial force acting on the sliding or rolling bearing ( 15 ), characterized in that the measuring bush ( 18 )

• a) a cage-shaped holder ( 1 ) closed at its ends by rings, and
• b) has a cylindrical fastening part ( 3 ) that
• c) holder ( 1 ), deformation elements ( 2 ) and fastening part ( 3 ) arranged interlocked and
• d) are made in one piece, and that
• e) a spacer ring ( 13 ) limits the deformation path of the deformation elements ( 2 ) to a desired extent by placing a gap ( 14 ) between the holder ( 1 ) and the fastening part ( 3 ), which corresponds to the deformation path and an additional load on the Deformation elements ( 2 ) prevented by frictional connection between the holder ( 1 ) and fastening part ( 3 ).

2. Measuring bushing ( 18 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the end rings of the holder ( 1 ) are provided with covers for protecting and / or for fastening the sliding or rolling bearing ( 15 ) and that at least one cover can contain a relubrication facility. 3. Measuring socket ( 18 ) according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening part ( 3 ) has a collar with devices such as bores or threaded bores for releasable fastening to machine walls or the like, and has a bushing for measuring lines.