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DE19908349A1 - Combined levitation drive system - Google Patents

Combined levitation drive system

Info

Publication number
DE19908349A1
DE19908349A1 DE19908349A DE19908349A DE19908349A1 DE 19908349 A1 DE19908349 A1 DE 19908349A1 DE 19908349 A DE19908349 A DE 19908349A DE 19908349 A DE19908349 A DE 19908349A DE 19908349 A1 DE19908349 A1 DE 19908349A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
levitation
drive system
combined
drive
linear motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19908349A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter-Klaus Budig
Ralf Werner
Uwe Schuffenhauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ELEKTRISCHE AUTOMATISIERUNGS U
Original Assignee
ELEKTRISCHE AUTOMATISIERUNGS U
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ELEKTRISCHE AUTOMATISIERUNGS U filed Critical ELEKTRISCHE AUTOMATISIERUNGS U
Priority to DE19908349A priority Critical patent/DE19908349A1/en
Priority to CN00800222A priority patent/CN1294652A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2000/001597 priority patent/WO2000050719A1/en
Priority to SK1572-2000A priority patent/SK15722000A3/en
Priority to EP00909256A priority patent/EP1082511A1/en
Priority to AU31607/00A priority patent/AU3160700A/en
Priority to PL00343670A priority patent/PL343670A1/en
Priority to CA002329664A priority patent/CA2329664A1/en
Priority to JP2000601271A priority patent/JP2003526026A/en
Priority to HU0102740A priority patent/HUP0102740A3/en
Priority to BR0005006-7A priority patent/BR0005006A/en
Publication of DE19908349A1 publication Critical patent/DE19908349A1/en
Priority to NO20005359A priority patent/NO20005359L/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/06—Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means
    • F16C39/063—Permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/10—Combination of electric propulsion and magnetic suspension or levitation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/0621—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides
    • E05D15/0626—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides for wings suspended at the top
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/0621—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides
    • E05D15/066—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides for wings supported at the bottom
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0472—Active magnetic bearings for linear movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/0621—Details, e.g. suspension or supporting guides
    • E05D2015/0695—Magnetic suspension or supporting means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/10—Railway vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Elevator Door Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Non-Mechanical Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined bearing and drive system, which consists of a permanently excited magnetic support system comprising at least one stationary and at least one mobile magnet bar, where pairs of opposite stationary and mobile magnet bars have poles of the same polarity. The system also consists of a linear motor which is coupled to the magnetic support system. The linear motor and support system are both housed in the same casing. The aim of the invention is to provide an improved bearing and drive system of this kind which is more compact, more functional, requires fewer materials and is less costly. To this end the support system has a symmetrical structure and all the stationary magnet bars and all the mobile magnet bars are arranged in a separate plane. Said support system is in a delicate balance and comprises symmetrically arranged lateral guide elements.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Linear zu verfahrende Einrichtungen werden klassisch mittels mechanischer Lager geführt und mit Seilen, Riemen, Zahnriemen usw. mit dem Antrieb verbunden. Als Antrieb kommen rotierende Motoren oder neuerdings auch außen angeordnete Linearmotoren zum Einsatz. Die Motoren können gesteuert oder geregelt betrieben werden.Devices that are to be moved linearly are traditionally guided by means of mechanical bearings connected to the drive with ropes, belts, toothed belts etc. Come as a drive rotating motors or recently also linear motors arranged on the outside. The Motors can be operated controlled or regulated.

Der Nachteil dieser Lösungen besteht in der konstruktiven Trennung von Lagerung und Antrieb. Des weiteren führt der mechanische Kontakt in den Lagerstellen zu Verschleiß­ erscheinungen.The disadvantage of these solutions is the structural separation of storage and Drive. Furthermore, the mechanical contact in the bearing points leads to wear appearances.

Diese Nachteile werden mit der beschriebenen Erfindung beseitigt.These disadvantages are eliminated with the described invention.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, ein kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem zu schaffen, welches eine Funktionsintegration von Lagerung und Antrieb beinhaltet. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß ein permanentmagnetisches Schwebesystem und ein Linearmotor in einer gemeinsamen Umhausung angeordnet wird. Dabei kann der Linearmotor über oder unter dem magnetischen Schwebesystem angeordnet werden.The aim of the invention is to provide a combined levitation and propulsion system which includes functional integration of storage and drive. According to the invention Object achieved in that a permanent magnetic levitation system and a linear motor is arranged in a common housing. The linear motor can be over or be placed under the magnetic levitation system.

Als Schwebesystem wird ein lineares Permanentmagnetsystem eingesetzt, welches auf der abstoßenden Kraftwirkung beruht. Das permanentmagnetische Schwebesystem kann ein- oder mehrreihig aufgebaut sein. Es kann mit oder ohne magnetischen Rückschluß zur Kraft­ erhöhung ausgerüstet sein. Die Magnete können direkt nebeneinander liegen oder mit Abstand zueinander befestigt sein. Da sich bei permanentmagnetischen Anordnungen mit einer V- förmige Führungsbahn keine Stabilität erreichen läßt, wird die seitliche Stabilisierung mit Führungsrollen erreicht. Wenn sich das Magnetsystem genau in der Mitte der Magnetreihen befindet, ist die seitliche Kraft gleich Null. Diese Stellung wird mit den Führungsrollen realisiert, so daß diese praktisch nur mit äußerst geringen Kräften beaufschlagt werden. Als linearer Antriebsmotor wird ein ein- oder mehrphasiger Wechselstrom-Linearmotor in synchroner oder asynchroner Ausführung eingesetzt. Dieser kann einseitig oder doppelseitig wirken. Der Antriebsmotor kann gesteuert oder geregelt betrieben werden. A linear permanent magnet system is used as the levitation system repulsive force is based. The permanent magnetic levitation system can be one or be constructed in several rows. It can be with or without magnetic inference to the force be equipped with an increase. The magnets can be right next to each other or at a distance be attached to each other. Since permanent magnet arrangements with a V- shaped guideway can not achieve stability, the lateral stabilization with Leadership roles achieved. If the magnet system is exactly in the middle of the magnet rows the lateral force is zero. This position is with the leadership roles realized, so that they are practically only subjected to extremely low forces. As linear drive motor becomes a single or multi-phase AC linear motor in synchronous or asynchronous execution used. This can be one-sided or double-sided Act. The drive motor can be operated in a controlled or regulated manner.  

Das kombinierte Schwebe- und Antriebssystem ist geeignet für:
The combined levitation and drive system is suitable for:

  • - Zuführeinrichtungen- Feeders
  • - Handlingseinrichtungen- handling equipment
  • - Tür- und Torantriebe mit Lagerung- Door and gate drives with storage
  • - (innerbetriebliche) Transportsysteme.- (In-house) transport systems.

Das kombinierte Schwebe- und Antriebssystem weist gegenüber herkömmlichen Lagerungen und Antrieben folgende Vorteile auf:
The combined levitation and drive system has the following advantages over conventional bearings and drives:

  • - Die Lagerung ist berührungsfrei. Es tritt kein Verschleiß auf. Schmiermittel sind nicht erforderlich.- The storage is non-contact. There is no wear. Are lubricants not mandatory.
  • - An der Lagerung tritt kein Abrieb auf. Gefährdungen des technologischen Prozesses durch Verschmutzung sind wesentlich geringer.- No abrasion occurs on the storage. Threats to the technological process pollution is much lower.
  • - Lagerung und Antrieb bilden eine konstruktive Einheit. Für dem Motor sind keine gesonderten Lager erforderlich. Es ergibt sich ein kompakter und kostengünstiger Antrieb.- Bearing and drive form a structural unit. There are none for the engine separate warehouse required. The result is a more compact and less expensive Drive.
  • - Das Antriebs- und Schwebesystem läßt sich gut umhausen, so daß hohe Schutzgrade erreichbar sind. Funktionsstörungen des Schwebe- und Antriebssystems infolge äußerer Einwirkungen werden verringert.- The drive and levitation system can be enclosed well, so that high degrees of protection are reachable. Malfunctions of the levitation and drive system as a result external influences are reduced.
  • - Das kombinierte Schwebe- und Antriebssystem ist mechanisch sehr robust.- The combined levitation and drive system is mechanically very robust.

In Fig. 1 ist ein kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem mit obenliegenden Linearmotor dargestellt. In Fig. 2 ist ein kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem mit untenliegenden Linearmotor dargestellt.In Fig. 1 a combined levitation and propulsion system is shown with overhead linear motor. In FIG. 2 a combined levitation and propulsion system is shown with underlying linear motor.

Auf einem feststehenden Träger (1a) ist ein magnetischer Rückschluß (2a) im Form eines Bleches aus ferromagnetischem Material angeordnet. Der Rückschluß trägt zwei Reihen Permanentmagnete (3a). An einem beweglichen Träger (1b) ist ebenfalls ein magnetischer Rückschluß (2b) befestigt, an welchem die Permanentmagnete (3b) in zwei Reihen angebracht sind.A magnetic yoke ( 2 a) in the form of a sheet made of ferromagnetic material is arranged on a fixed support ( 1 a). The inference carries two rows of permanent magnets ( 3 a). A magnetic yoke ( 2 b) is also attached to a movable carrier ( 1 b), to which the permanent magnets ( 3 b) are attached in two rows.

An dem beweglichen Träger (1b) kann das zu lagernde und anzutreibende Bauteil (z. B. Tür) befestigt werden. Die feststehenden Permanentmagnete (3a) und die am bewegten Teil angebrachten Elektromagnete (3b) sind so gepolt, daß zwischen ihnen eine abstoßende Kraftwirkung auftritt. The component to be stored and driven (e.g. door) can be attached to the movable support ( 1 b). The fixed permanent magnets ( 3 a) and the electromagnets ( 3 b) attached to the moving part are polarized so that a repulsive force occurs between them.

Die seitliche Führung des bewegten Teiles übernehmen Führungsrollen (4) in Verbindung mit seitlichen Führungsblechen (5).Lateral guidance of the moving part is performed by guide rollers ( 4 ) in conjunction with lateral guide plates ( 5 ).

Der lineare Antriebsmotor besteht aus der permanentmagnetischen Erregung (6), dem magnetischen Kreis (7) und der Wicklung (8). Der magnetische Rückschluß des Motors (9) ist über ein Verbindungsteil (10) mechanisch mit dem beweglichen Träger (1b) verbunden.The linear drive motor consists of permanent magnetic excitation ( 6 ), the magnetic circuit ( 7 ) and the winding ( 8 ). The magnetic yoke of the motor ( 9 ) is mechanically connected to the movable support ( 1 b) via a connecting part ( 10 ).

Claims (7)

1. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein permanentmagnetisches Schwebesystem direkt mit einem Linearmotor gekoppelt ist, wobei Linearmotor und Magnetlagerung in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse aus gegossenem, verschraubten, geklebten oder in geeigneter anderer Weise verbundenen Profilmaterial untergebracht sind.1. Combined levitation and drive system characterized in that a permanent magnetic levitation system is directly coupled to a linear motor, the linear motor and magnetic bearing being accommodated in a common housing made of cast, screwed, glued or connected in a suitable other suitable profile material. 2. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Antriebsmotor ein synchroner oder asynchroner Linearmotor eingesetzt wird.2. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that a synchronous or asynchronous linear motor is used as the drive motor. 3. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Antriebsmotor ein ein- oder mehrphasiger Linearmotor eingesetzt wird.3. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that a single or multi-phase linear motor is used as the drive motor. 4. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Antriebsmotor ein einseitig oder doppelseitig wirkender Linearmotor eingesetzt wird.4. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that a single-sided or double-sided linear motor is used as the drive motor becomes. 5. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das permanentmagnetische Schwebesystem auf abstoßender Kraftwirkung beruht.5. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnetic levitation system is based on repulsive force. 6. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das permanentmagnetische Schwebesystem durch seitliche Führungsrollen stabilisiert wird.6. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnetic levitation system is stabilized by lateral guide rollers becomes. 7. Kombiniertes Schwebe- und Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das permanentmagnetische Schwebesystem als ein- oder mehrreihige Magnet­ anordnung ausgeführt ist.7. Combined levitation and drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnetic levitation system as a single or multi-row magnet arrangement is executed.
DE19908349A 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Combined levitation drive system Withdrawn DE19908349A1 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19908349A DE19908349A1 (en) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Combined levitation drive system
AU31607/00A AU3160700A (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
PCT/EP2000/001597 WO2000050719A1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
SK1572-2000A SK15722000A3 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
EP00909256A EP1082511A1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
CN00800222A CN1294652A (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
PL00343670A PL343670A1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
CA002329664A CA2329664A1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
JP2000601271A JP2003526026A (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system
HU0102740A HUP0102740A3 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Combined bearing and drive system for automatic door
BR0005006-7A BR0005006A (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Integrated bearing and drive system
NO20005359A NO20005359L (en) 1999-02-26 2000-10-24 Combined storage and operating system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19908349A DE19908349A1 (en) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Combined levitation drive system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19908349A1 true DE19908349A1 (en) 2000-08-31

Family

ID=7898956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19908349A Withdrawn DE19908349A1 (en) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Combined levitation drive system

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1082511A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003526026A (en)
CN (1) CN1294652A (en)
AU (1) AU3160700A (en)
BR (1) BR0005006A (en)
CA (1) CA2329664A1 (en)
DE (1) DE19908349A1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0102740A3 (en)
NO (1) NO20005359L (en)
PL (1) PL343670A1 (en)
SK (1) SK15722000A3 (en)
WO (1) WO2000050719A1 (en)

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DE102005002051B4 (en) * 2005-01-14 2008-12-11 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Sliding door with a magnetic drive system and escape route functionality
DE102005002046B4 (en) * 2005-01-14 2009-02-05 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Sliding door with a magnetic drive system with a displacement encoder
DE102005002048B4 (en) * 2005-01-14 2008-12-04 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Sliding door with a magnetic drive system and escape route functionality
DE102005002036A1 (en) 2005-01-14 2006-09-07 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Roller-mounted sliding door with a magnetic drive system
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JP2003526026A (en) 2003-09-02
PL343670A1 (en) 2001-08-27
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CA2329664A1 (en) 2000-08-31
NO20005359L (en) 2000-12-19
WO2000050719A1 (en) 2000-08-31
BR0005006A (en) 2001-01-02
AU3160700A (en) 2000-09-14
NO20005359D0 (en) 2000-10-24
EP1082511A1 (en) 2001-03-14
HUP0102740A2 (en) 2001-12-28
CN1294652A (en) 2001-05-09
HUP0102740A3 (en) 2003-05-28

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