DE19832456A1 - Biodegradable molding composition containing metallic or mineral filler useful for the production of molded articles has a high density and low toxicity - Google Patents

Abstract

A biodegradable molding composition (I) contains (A) 1-55 wt.% of a biodegradable polymer and (B) 45-99 wt.% of a metallic and/or mineral filler. An Independent claim is included for molded articles, sheet, fiber and extrudate formed from (I).

Description

The present invention relates to materials with a high specific Density and application areas, mainly lead due to its high specific density and its ductility is used. Of particular importance is the replacement of conventional lead shot and fishing weights, which in considerable extent for soil and water contamination with toxic lead connections contribute.

In many practical applications it is necessary to use materials with a high specific density. It is common in such applications to which for example projectiles, fillings that weigh down on the floor, shot, fishing weights - especially especially for deep-sea fishing - include lead or one of its alloys used. Lead is due to its high density, low cost availability and its easy processability in the aforementioned applications for a long time been the means of choice. The significant disadvantage of the sustainable environment Burden and damage were ignored or in view of the lack of ecology Acceptable, economically and economically viable alternatives.

There has therefore been no shortage of attempts in the past, ecologically justifiable To develop variants through which a reduction in immissions - esp especially a reduction in lead - was possible, but an increase of the proportion of non-degradable residues in the environment.

A number of applications (JP 07018170, JP 09105021, JP 08158161) describe the production of conventional thermoplastics with densities from 1.2 to 1, 2 filled with metal (e.g. stainless steel) or mineral (e.g. barium sulfate, magnetite, titanium dioxide) 2 g / cm ³ and their use for the extrusion and coextrusion of monofilaments and multifilaments. Densities of this magnitude are for applications such as B. Shot or fishing weights are not sufficient. Higher density materials are described in Japanese Application No. 54025950 (2.7 g / cm ³ ) and US Pat. No. 5,665,808 (<7 g / cm ³ ), but here lead again comes in a matrix that is not degradable ( Polyester) encapsulated form for use; the surrounding matrix is intended to reduce corrosion of the lead and contamination of the environment with toxic lead compounds while maintaining the bond. However, this solution is only a dummy solution, since contamination with toxic lead compounds is distributed over a very long period of time, but is not prevented. The goal of lead replacement is described in JP 02185540, where a density of 4.68 g / cm ^{3 is} achieved with a mixture of iron powder and soft metal powder in polyamide 6. EP-A 0 641 836 describes materials with densities of 8-12 g / cm ³ , which are to be achieved by filling a non-biodegradable two-component matrix consisting of thermoplastics and an elastomer with tungsten powder. However, the mixtures listed in the examples, with a degree of filling of 67.5% by weight of tungsten, only have densities of approximately 3 g / cm ³ and not, as stated, 9.5 g / cm ³ . Another disadvantage of these compounds is that they do not degrade under normal environmental influences and therefore also represent a long-term environmental pollution. In WO 9508653 lead-free formulations are described which consist essentially of two metal and one polymer component, the polymer component being a non-biodegradable phenol formaldehyde resin or a polymethyl methacrylate. The compositions described in WO 9508653 are processed into molded parts only by compacting and sintering powders and powder mixtures and cannot be obtained or injection molded using a conventional extrusion process.

The molding compositions claimed according to the invention are distinguished from those above materials described by complete biodegradability of the use the matrix.

Surprisingly, it was also found that the in US-A 5 665 808 as with Nach share afflicted process of injection molding processing due to the tough levels and the good flow properties of the matrices used Point gates <1 mm without interference to completely filled molded parts without Lunker leads, which can be done just as easily without the use of further aids  if necessary, would have to be applied directly to the mold, let it be demolded. Also in the production of the granules suitable for injection molding instead of in US-A 5 665 808 described multi-stage process for producing a granule lates or a powder suitable for compacting only a single stage Compounding process necessary without pretreatment of the fillers.

The molding compositions according to the invention allow noteworthy use Quantities of processing aids a trouble-free familiarization process and one just as easy processing on conventional injection molding machines. The ver used metallic fillers or their mineral high-density compounds through a sustainable passivation after the biodegradation of the Matrix surfaces of the filler particles exposed to environmental influences (e.g. at Use of tungsten) or due to complete corrosion too naturally coming, non-toxic compounds (e.g. when using iron) none Potential damage to the environment.

The invention therefore relates to biodegradable molding compositions containing

• A) 1-55% by weight of at least one biodegradable polymer and
• B) 45-99% by weight of at least one metallic and / or mineral Filler.

The thermoplastic molding compositions preferably have a density of <2 g / cm ³ , measured according to ISO 1183. A density of 2-16 g / cm ³ is particularly preferred, in particular 5-15 g / cm ³ . Further preferred ranges of density are 5-7 g / cm ³ and 12-14 g / cm ³ .

Component A

As a matrix for the molding compositions according to the invention with high density come as biodegradable and compostable polymers aliphatic or partially flavored  tables polyester, thermoplastic aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester urethanes, aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates and aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester amides in question.

The following polymers are preferably suitable:
Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester

• A) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialko, such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol or particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic ring, such as, for example Cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or partially or completely instead of the diols, monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights of up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyldiols, such as neopentyl glycol, and in addition, if appropriate, small amounts of higher functional alcohols such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or trimethylolpropane and from aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkyl dicarboxylic acids, such as and preferred Succinic acid e, adipic acid and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• B) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of A and B,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids.
  Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester urethanes
• C) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialko, such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably with a C ₅ - or C ₆ -cycloaliphatic ring, as in for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or partially or completely instead of the diols, monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ - C ₁₂ alkyl diols, such as neopentyl glycol, and in addition, if appropriate, small amounts of higher-functional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl polyols, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or trimethylol propane, and from aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably C ₂ -C ₁₂ -Alkyldicarboxylic acids, such as way and preferably succinic acid, adipic acid, and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as, for example, trimellitic acid or
• D) from acid and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of C and D,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids;
• E) from the reaction product of C and / or D with aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and additionally optionally higher functional isocyanates, preferably with 1 to 12 C atoms or 5 to 8 C atoms in the case of cycloaliphatic isocyanates, for. B. tetramethylene diiso cyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, optionally in addition with linear and / or branched and / or cycloaliphatic bifunk tional and / or higher alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl di- or polyols or 5 to 8 carbon atoms in the case of cycloaliphatic alcohols, e.g. B. ethanediol, hexanediol, butanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or optionally additionally with linear and / or branched and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or higher functional amines and / or amino alcohols with preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for. B. ethylenediamine or aminoethanol, and / or optionally further modified amines or alcohols such as ethylenediamino ethanesulfonic acid, as a free acid or as a salt,
  wherein the ester content C) and / or D) is at least 75% by weight, based on the sum of C), D) and E).
  Aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates
• F) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialko, such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol or particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 to 8 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic ring, such as, for example Cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or partially or completely, instead of the diols, monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights of up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably with C. ₂ -C ₁₂ alkyl dicarboxylic acids, such as neopentyl glycol and additional, if necessary, small amounts of higher functional alcohols such as 1,2,3-propanetriol, trimethylolpropane and aliphatic bi-functional acids such as and preferably succinic acid, adipic acid and / or given if necessary aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• G) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of F and G,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids,
• H) a carbonate component which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols, before adding bisphenol-A, and carbonate donors, for example phosgene, or
  a carbonate portion which is made from aliphatic carbonic acid esters or their derivatives such as chlorocarbonic acid esters or aliphatic carboxylic acids or their derivatives such as salts and carbonate donors, for example phosgene, where
  the ester fraction F) and / or G) is at least 70% by weight, based on the sum of F), G) and H);
  Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester amides
• I) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialko fetch such as, for example, ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, particularly preferably butanediol, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, such as, for example, cyclohexanedimethanol , and / or partially or completely instead of the diols monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyldiols, such as neopentyl glycol and additionally optionally small amounts of higher-functionality alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl polyols, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol, trimethylolpropane and from aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably with 2 to 12 C. -Atoms in the alkyl chain, such as example and prefer ugt succinic acid, adipic acid and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• K) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the carbon chain, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of I) and K),
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids,
• L) an amide portion of aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional amines, linear aliphatic C ₂ to C ₁₀ diamines are preferred, and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional amines, among the amines preferably hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine and particularly be preferably hexamethylenediamine, and from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain or C ₅ - or C ₆ ring in the case of cycloaliphatic acids, preferably adipic acid, and / or optionally small amounts branched bifunctional and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids, preferably with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or
• M) from an amide portion of acid- and amine-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic chain, before ω-laurolactam, ε-caprolactam, particularly preferably ε-caprolactam,
  or a mixture of L) and M) as an amide component, wherein
  the ester fraction I) and / or K) is at least 30% by weight, based on the sum of I), K), L) and M), preferably the weight fraction of the ester structures is 30 to 70% by weight, the fraction of Amide structures is 70 to 30 wt .-%.

All acids can also be in the form of derivatives such as acid chlorides or esters, both as monomeric and as oligomeric esters.

The synthesis of the biodegradable polyester amides according to the invention can both according to the "polyamide method" by stoichiometric mixing of the starting com components if necessary with the addition of water and subsequent removal of Water from the reaction mixture and by the "polyester method" by stoichio metric mixing of the starting components and addition of an excess of diol  with esterification of the acid groups and subsequent transesterification or transamidation these esters are made. In this second case, the excess is also present in addition to water Diol distilled off again. The synthesis according to that described is preferred "Polyester method".

The polycondensation can furthermore be carried out using known catalysts be accelerated. Both the well-known phosphorus compounds that make up the polyamide accelerate synthesis as well as acidic or organometallic catalysts for the Esterification as well as combinations of the two are used to accelerate the poly condensation possible.

Care must be taken to ensure that the catalysts are not biodegradable or Compostability still negatively affect the quality of the resulting compost.

Furthermore, the polycondensation to polyester amides by using Lysine, lysine derivatives or other amidic branching products such as Aminoethylaminoethanol are affected, which both accelerate the condensation and also lead to branched products (see for example DE 38 31 709).

The production of polyesters, polyester carbonates and polyester urethanes is general is known or is carried out analogously by known processes (cf., for example, EP-A 304 787, WO 95/12629, WO 93/13154, EP-A 682 054, EP-A 593 975).

The polyesters, polyester urethanes, polyester carbonates or polyesters according to the invention amides can furthermore contain 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, of branching agents included (see also description of the polymers). These splitters can e.g. B. trifunk tional alcohols such as trimethylolpropane or glycerin, tetrafunctional alcohols such as Pentaerythritol, trifunctional carboxylic acids such as citric acid. The branchers he increase the melt viscosity of the polyester amides according to the invention that Extru sionsblasformen with these polymers is possible. The biodegradation of this This does not hinder materials.  

The biodegradable / compostable polyester urethanes, polyester, polyester Carbonates and polyester amides generally have a molecular weight of at least 10,000 g / mol and generally have a statistical distribution of the starting substances in the polymer. In the case of a typical polymer structure, possibly from C) and D) and from E) is a completely statistical distribution of the monomer units not always to be expected.

Component B

For example, iron powder, Iron oxides, iron alloys (e.g. ferrotitanium, ferromolybdenum, ferromanganese), Tungsten, tungsten carbide, ferrotungsten, molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, Tin or bismuth or combinations thereof.

Combinations of powders with particle size ratios of 1: <6 allow for for example, higher volume fill levels than that of a cubically densest pack with just one type of particle while maintaining fluidity.

The combination of different particle sizes and different metal powders Metals also allows the mechanical properties of the metal to be adjusted obtained molded body. In particular, the brittleness of projectile cores and shot can lead to the property profile of lead with regard to inelastic deformation and brittle bursting when hitting the game or the bullet trap in Shooting ranges and shooting lanes can be adapted.

The biodegradable / fully compostable polyesters according to the invention urethanes, polyesters, polyester carbonates and polyester amides can be mixed with usual Additives. Modifiers and / or fillers and Reinforcing materials and / or processing aids such as Nucleating agents, plasticizers, mold release agents, flame retardants, Impact modifiers, coloring agents, stabilizers or others in thermo usual plastic additives are used, taking care that  the full compostability is not affected or the remaining ones Substances, such as mineral aids, are harmless in the compost. in the in general up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight (based on A and B) additives are added.

Suitable fillers and reinforcing materials according to the invention can be minerals such as for example kaolin, chalk, plaster, lime or talc or natural substances such as for example starch or modified starch, cellulose or cellulose derivatives or Cellulose products, wood flour or natural fibers such as hemp, flax, sisal, Rape or ramie.

The biodegradable / fully compostable polyesters according to the invention urethanes, polyesters, polyester carbonates and polyester amides can also be used with others Blinding partners, e.g. B. thermoplastic starch, are blinded to make sure that the full compostability is not impaired or the remaining substances, such as mineral aids, in the compost are harmful.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the inventions molding compositions according to the invention, wherein the components of the inventive Molding an extruder, kneader or mixer in a conventional manner via a Hopper and / or side screw dosing feeds by introducing shear and Thermal energy melts the matrix and mixes it intimately with the fillers the injectable compound granules in just one extrusion or mixing step receives. A decrease in the density, which is much denser compared to the matrix Fillers in the melt are not observed.

The invention further relates to the use of the molding compositions for the manufacture Positioning of shaped bodies, plates, fibers, extrudates and components of ballistic Projectiles, fishing weights, fish hooks and parts thereof, insulating materials for sound insulation, thermally conductive components for electronic devices, components and housing components for electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices,  electrically conductive molded parts of any design as well as magnetic molded parts with free design.  

Examples example 1

A compound consisting of 19.6 wt .-% polyester amide (made from 617 g adipic acid, 487 g AH salt, 226 g diethylene glycol, 181 g butanediol with titanium tetraisopropylate as catalyst, η _{rel of} a 1 wt .-% solution in m -Cresol at 20 ° C is 2.7), 80% by weight tungsten powder (technical lot.W4676 from HC Starck GmbH & Co. KG, Goslar, Germany) and 0.4% by weight Loxiol EP 728 (Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany) is manufactured on a twin screw extruder ZSK 32 from Werner & Pfleiderer and processed as granules by injection molding. The compound has a density of 4.58 g / cm ³ , an elastic modulus of 700 MPa determined in the tensile test according to ISO 527 and an elongation at break of 90%. In the Izod impact test (ISO 180 / 1C), the test specimen does not break at RT.

Example 2

A compound consisting of 49.6% by weight of polyester amide according to Example 1, 50% by weight of copper powder FFL-2 (Norddtsch. Affinerie) and 0.4% Loxiol EP 728 is produced like the compound in Example 1 and processed by injection molding . The material has a density of 2.04 g / cm ³ , a modulus of elasticity of 680 MPa and an elongation at break of 49%. The test specimen does not break at RT in the impact test according to Izod.

Example 3

A compound consisting of 9% by weight of polyester amide according to Examples 1 and 91 % By weight of iron powder MPD 2002 (Mannesmann Demag AG) is as in Example 1 and 2 manufactured and processed.

The material has a density of 5.08 g / cm ³ , an elastic modulus of 2870 MPa, an elongation at break of 1.4% and an impact strength of 16 kJ / m ² .

Example 4

With a compound consisting of 3% by weight of polyester amide according to Example 1 and 97% by weight of tungsten powder, tungsten powder (technical lot.W4676 from HC Starck GmbH & Co. KG, Goslar, Germany) has a density of 12.9 g / cm ³ achieved. The material has a modulus of elasticity of 2730 MPa, an elongation at break of 3.8% and an impact strength of 17 kJ / m ² .

Claims (11)

1. Containing biodegradable molding compounds

• A) 1-55% by weight of at least one biodegradable polymer and
• B) 45-99% by weight of at least one metallic and / or mineral filler.

2. Molding compositions according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable polymers are selected from the group of aliphatic or partially aromatic poly ester, thermoplastic aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester urethanes, aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates and aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester amides. 3. Molding composition according to claim 1, wherein the degradable polymer is selected from the following groups
Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester

• A) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialcohols such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol or particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic ring, such as, for example, cyclohexanedimethanol , and / or partially or completely instead of the diols monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ -alkyldiols, such as neopentylglycol, and additionally optionally small amounts of higher-functional alcohols, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or trimethylolpropane, and from aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably C ₂ -C ₁₂ -alkyldicarboxylic acids, such as, for example and preferably, succinic acid, Adipic acid and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• B) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for example hydroxybutter acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of A and B,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids;
  Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester urethanes
• C) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialcohols such as, for example, ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably with a C ₅ - or C ₆ - cycloaliphatic ring, such as, for example Cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or partially or completely instead of the diols, monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights of up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl diols, such as neopentyl glycol, and in addition, if appropriate, small amounts of higher-functional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ -alkyl polyols, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or trimethylolpropane, and from aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably C ₂ -C ₁₂ - Alkyldicarboxylic acids, such as wise and preferably succinic acid, adipic acid, and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and, if appropriate, small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• D) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of C and D,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids;
• E) from the reaction product of C and / or D with aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and additionally optionally higher-functional isocyanates, preferably with 1 to 12 C atoms or 5 to 8 C atoms in the case of cycloaliphatic isocyanates, for. B. tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, optionally additionally with linear and / or branched and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or higher functional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl di- or polyols or 5 to 8 carbon atoms in the case of cycloaliphatic alcohols, e.g. B. ethanediol, hexanediol, butanediol, cyclohexanedi methanol, and / or optionally additionally with linear and / or branched and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or higher functional amines and / or amino alcohols with preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for . B. ethylenediamine or aminoethanol, and / or optionally further modified amines or alcohols such as ethylenediaminoethanesulfonic acid, as the free acid or as a salt,
  wherein the ester fraction C) and / or D) is at least 75% by weight, based on the sum of C), D) and E);
  Aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates
• F) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialcohols such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol or particularly preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 to 8 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic ring, such as, for example, cyclohexanedimethanol , and / or partially or completely instead of the diols monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably with C ₂ - C ₁₂ alkyl dicarboxylic acids, such as neopentyl glycol and additionally, if appropriate, small amounts of higher-functional alcohols such as 1,2,3-propanetriol, trimethylolpropane and aliphatic bifunctional acids such as and preferably succinic acid, adipic acid and / or optionally Is aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• G) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of F and G,
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids,
• H) a carbonate fraction which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols, preferably bisphenol-A, and carbonate donors, for example phos gene, or
  a carbonate fraction which is produced from aliphatic carbonic acid esters or their derivatives such as, for example, chlorocarbonic acid esters or aliphatic carboxylic acids or their derivatives such as salts and carbonate donors, for example phosgene, where
  the ester fraction F) and / or G) is at least 70% by weight, based on the sum of F), G) and H);
  Aliphatic or partially aromatic polyester amides
• I) aliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably linear C ₂ to C ₁₀ dialcohols such as ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, particularly preferably butanediol, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, preferably having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, such as cyclohexanedimethanol, and / or partially or completely, instead of the diols, monomeric or oligomeric polyols based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran or copolymers thereof with molecular weights up to 4000, preferably up to 1000, and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyldiols, such as neo pentylglycol and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional alcohols, preferably C ₃ -C ₁₂ alkyl polyols, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol, trimethylolpropane and aliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, such as and preferred Succinic acid, adipic acid and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids such as trimellitic acid or
• K) from acid- and alcohol-functionalized building blocks, preferably with 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the carbon chain, for example hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, lactic acid, or their derivatives, for example ε-caprolactone or dilactide,
  or a mixture and / or a copolymer of I) and K),
  the aromatic acids making up no more than 50% by weight, based on all acids,
• L) an amide portion of aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional and / or optionally small amounts of branched bifunctional amines, preferably linear aliphatic C ₂ to C ₁₀ diamines, and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional amines, among the amines preferably hexamethylene diamine , Isophoronediamine and particularly preferably hexamethylene diamine, and from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain or C ₅ or C ₆ ring in the case of cycloaliphatic acids, preferably adipic acid, and / or possibly small amounts of branched bifunctional and / or optionally aromatic bifunctional acids such as, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenediocarboxylic acid and additionally optionally small amounts of higher functional acids; preferably with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or
• M) from an amide portion of acid- and amine-functionalized components, preferably with 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the cycloaliphatic chain, preferably ω-laurolactam, ε-caprolactam, particularly preferably ε-caprolactam,
  or a mixture of L) and M) as an amide component, wherein
  the ester fraction I) and / or K) is at least 30% by weight, based on the sum of I), K), L) and M), preferably the weight fraction of the ester structures is 30 to 70% by weight, the fraction of the amide structures is 70 to 30% by weight.

4. Molding compositions according to claim 1 to 3, the metallic or mineral Filler has a density <4 g / cm ³ . 5. Molding compositions according to claim 4, the filler of iron, tungsten, molybdenum or an alloy of these and other metals or one containing them Mineral of natural or synthetic origin. 6. Molding compositions according to claim 1 with a density of <2 g / cm ³ . 7. Molding compositions according to claim 6, with a density of 2 to 16 g / cm ³ . 8. Use of the molding compositions according to 1 to 7 for the production of moldings, Sheets, fibers, extrudates. 9. Use of the molding compositions according to claim 1 to 7 for the production of Components of ballistic projectiles, fishing weights, fish hooks and  Components thereof, insulation materials for sound insulation, heat conductive Components for electronic devices, components and housing components for electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices, more electrically conductive Molded parts of any design and magnetic molded parts with free form layout. 10. Moldings, sheets, fibers and extrudates made from molding compounds according to claim 1.