DE19724225A1 - Piston engine operating process - Google Patents
Piston engine operating processInfo
- Publication number
- DE19724225A1 DE19724225A1 DE1997124225 DE19724225A DE19724225A1 DE 19724225 A1 DE19724225 A1 DE 19724225A1 DE 1997124225 DE1997124225 DE 1997124225 DE 19724225 A DE19724225 A DE 19724225A DE 19724225 A1 DE19724225 A1 DE 19724225A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- crank
- radius
- combustion chamber
- piston
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
- F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
- F16H21/22—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings with one connecting-rod and one guided slide to each crank or eccentric
- F16H21/28—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings with one connecting-rod and one guided slide to each crank or eccentric with cams or additional guides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
- F01B9/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/04—Engines with prolonged expansion in main cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/36—Modified dwell of piston in TDC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, in welchem der Zeit punkt des minimalen Brennkammervolumens gleichbedeutend mit einem Kurbelwinkel größer 0° ist Es ist bekannt, daß der Kurbeltrieb eines Hubkolbenmotors aus den Hauptbestandteilen Kolben 1, Pleuel stange 2 und Kurbelwelle 3 besteht, wobei es unerheblich ist, ob es sich um zweitakt-, Viertakt-, Otto- oder Dieselmotoren mit Selbst- oder Fremdzündung handelt.The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which the point in time of the minimum combustion chamber volume is synonymous with a crank angle greater than 0 °. It is known that the crank mechanism of a reciprocating engine consists of the main components piston 1 , connecting rod 2 and crankshaft 3 , whereby it is irrelevant whether it is two-stroke, four-stroke, Otto or diesel engines with auto or spark ignition.
Der Arbeitstakt des Hubkolbenmotors beginnt mit der Zündung des Kraftstoffluftgemisches. Der dadurch entstehende Verbrennungsdruck bewegt den Kolben vom "oberen Totpunkt" in Richtung "unteren Totpunkt" Diese Kolbenkraft wird zerlegt in die Seitenkraft FN⁻ wirkt senkrecht auf die Zylinderwand - und die Pleuel stangenkraft FPL, die in Richtung der Pleuelstange auf den Kurbelzapfen der Kurbelwelle wirkt.The stroke of the reciprocating engine starts with the ignition of the fuel-air mixture. The resulting combustion pressure moves the piston from "top dead center" towards "bottom dead center". This piston force is broken down into the side force F N⁻ acting perpendicular to the cylinder wall - and the connecting rod force F PL , which acts on the crank pin in the direction of the connecting rod Crankshaft works.
Die Pleuelstangenkraft wird zerlegt in die Radialkraft Frad, welche auf die Kurbelwellenlager wirkt und die Tangentialkraft FT, die am Umfang des Kurbelkreises wirkt.The connecting rod force is broken down into the radial force F rad , which acts on the crankshaft bearings and the tangential force F T , which acts on the circumference of the crank circle.
Da die Tangentialkraft proportional dem wirkenden Drehmoment ist (Drehmoment=Tangentialkraft × Kurbel radius), ist es wünschenswert, möglichst viel des durch die Zündung im Verbrennungsraum hervorgerufenen Gasdruckes als Tangentialkraft zu nutzen.Since the tangential force is proportional to the acting torque (torque = tangential force × crank radius), it is desirable to use as much as possible of the ignition in the combustion chamber To use gas pressure as a tangential force.
Wie allgemein bekannt ist haben alle Hubkolbenmotoren eine Gemeinsamkeit, nämlich der größte Druck und damit die größte Kolbenkraft wirkt immer kurz nach dem oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens, was bei her kömmlichen Motoren gleichbedeutend ist mit einem Kurbelwinkel von ca. 10° ist.As is well known, all reciprocating engines have one thing in common, namely the greatest pressure and thus the greatest piston force always acts shortly after the top dead center of the piston, which comes from conventional engines is synonymous with a crank angle of approximately 10 °.
Bei einem Kurbelwinkel von 10° und einem im modernen Motorenbau üblichen Pleuelstangenverhältnis (Verhältnis Kurbelradius zur Pleuelstangenlänge) von 0,21 bis 0,33 werden allerdings nur ca. 22% der Pleuel stangenkraft in Tangentialkraft umgesetzt, der größere Rest wirkt als Radialkraft auf die Kurbelwellenlager. Berechnungen mit dem Kurbelradius r = 22° und der Pleuellänge l = 85 mm haben ergeben, daß nur im Bereich der Stellung des Kurbelwinkels von ca. 55°-95° eine Auslastung der Kolbenkraft als Tangential kraft von über 90% gegeben ist, allerdings hat sich bei diesem Kurbelwinkel der Gasdruck von seinem Höchstdruck bereits auf 60-35% reduziert. Um bessere Werte hinsichtlich der Brennstoffausnutzung bzw. der am Kurbeltrieb wirkenden Kräfte zu erhalten, ist es wünschenswert, gerade die hohen Drücke kurz nach dem Zünden des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches in Tangentialkraft umsetzen zu können.With a crank angle of 10 ° and a connecting rod ratio common in modern engine construction (Ratio crank radius to connecting rod length) from 0.21 to 0.33, however, only approx. 22% of the connecting rods rod force converted into tangential force, the larger remainder acts as a radial force on the crankshaft bearings. Calculations with the crank radius r = 22 ° and the connecting rod length l = 85 mm have shown that only in the area of the crank angle position of approx. 55 ° -95 ° a load of the piston force as tangential force of over 90% is given, however at this crank angle the gas pressure has decreased from its Maximum pressure already reduced to 60-35%. To better values in terms of fuel efficiency or To maintain the forces acting on the crank mechanism, it is desirable to maintain the high pressures shortly after Ignition of the fuel-air mixture in tangential force.
Zu erreichen ist dies mit einem Kurbeltrieb in welchem der Kurbelradius in seiner Größe veränderlich ist. Mit einer Kurbelwelle in ihrer stofflichen Einheit von Kurbelwange 4, Kurbelzapfen 5 und Wellenzapfen 6 ist das nicht realisierbar, deshalb wird die Kurbelwelle in für jeden Zylinder 3 Bestandteile geteilt.This can be achieved with a crank mechanism in which the crank radius is variable in size. With a crankshaft in its material unit of crank web 4 , crank pin 5 and shaft journal 6 , this cannot be achieved, which is why the crankshaft is divided into 3 components for each cylinder.
Beidseitig des Zylinders werden wie bisher je ein Wellenzapfen 6 mit Kurbelwange 4 am Motorblock befestigt, die Kurbelwangen 4 haben keine stoffschlüssige Verbindung mehr mit mit den Kurbelzapfen 5, sondern sind je mit einem Langloch 8 versehen, welche in ihrer Längsachse strahlenförmig vom Kurbelwangenmittelpunkt zum Kurbelwangenrand angeordnet sind und dem Kurbelzapfen 5 die Möglichkeit bieten, den Kurbelradius je nach Bedarf zu verkleinern oder zu vergrößern (Fig. 1 und 2).On both sides of the cylinder, a shaft journal 6 with a crank arm 4 is attached to the engine block as before, the crank arm 4 no longer has a material connection with the crank arm 5 , but each is provided with an elongated hole 8 , which is arranged in a radial manner in its longitudinal axis from the center of the crank arm to the edge of the crank arm are and offer the crank pin 5 the possibility of reducing or increasing the crank radius as required ( Fig. 1 and 2).
Durch diese Konstruktion ist der Kurbelradius nun keine feste Größe mehr, sondern veränderlich, wobei sich der Kurbelzapfen 5 auf einem minimalen, dem Kurbelinnenradius ri, auf einem maximalen Radius, dem Kurbelaußenradius ra, oder dazwischen bewegt. Da der Kurbelzapfen 5 nun kein fester Bestandteil der Kurbelwelle mehr ist,muß er durch schrumpfen, schrauben oder andere Verbindungstechnologien an dem Pleuel 2 derart gesichert werden, daß ein Verschieben oder Verrutschen nicht mehr möglich ist.With this construction, the crank radius is no longer a fixed size, but is variable, the crank pin 5 moving to a minimum, the crank inside radius r i , to a maximum radius, the crank outside radius r a , or in between. Since the crank pin 5 is no longer an integral part of the crankshaft, it must be secured to the connecting rod 2 by shrinking, screwing or other connection technologies in such a way that it is no longer possible to move or slip.
Die Steuerung erfolgt über zwischen den Kurbelwangen 4 und dem Kurbelgehäuse 9 angeordneten Führungen 7 (Fig. 3 und 4),- welche auf den in der Kurbelwange 4 beweglichen und seitlich über die Kurbelwange 4 hinausragenden Kurbelzapfen 5 (Fig. 5) dahingehend Einfluß nehmen, daß der Kurbelzapfen sich zwangsweise auf dem gewünschten Kurbelradius bewegt.The control takes place via guides 7 ( FIGS. 3 and 4) arranged between the crank arms 4 and the crankcase 9 , which have an influence on the crank pin 5 ( FIG. 5) which is movable in the crank arm 4 and protrudes laterally beyond the crank arm 4 , that the crank pin forcibly moves on the desired crank radius.
Fig. 6 zeigt einen Satz von 4 Diagrammen (A, B, C, D) mit der oberen Linie a für die Größe des Gasdruckes während eines Arbeitsspiels im Zylinder und der unteren Linie b für die entsprechende Ausnutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Kraft als Tangentialkraft FT bei den entsprechenden Kurbelwinkeln. Fig. 6 shows a set of 4 diagrams (A, B, C, D) with the upper line a for the size of the gas pressure during a work cycle in the cylinder and the lower line b for the corresponding utilization of the available force as a tangential force F. T at the corresponding crank angles.
Durch Kräfteberechnungen an einem Kurbeltrieb mit den Maßen Pleuellänge 85 mm, Kurbelradius 22 mm ergeben sich die im Diagramm A eingetragenen Werte bei einem herkömmlichen Motor ( d. h. oberer Tot punkt des Kolbens Kurbelradius 0°)By calculating the forces on a crank mechanism with the connecting rod length 85 mm, crank radius 22 mm the values entered in diagram A result for a conventional engine (i.e. upper dead point of the piston crank radius 0 °)
Im Diagramm B ist der obere Totpunkt des Kolbens gleichbedeutend mit einem Kurbelwinkel von 10°. Im Diagramm C ist der obere Totpunkt des Kolbens gleichbedeutend mit einem Kurbelwinkel von 20° und das Diagramm D zeigt die Ausnutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Kräfte bei einem Kurbelwinkel von 30° und gleichzeitig minimalem Brennkammervolumen.In diagram B, the top dead center of the piston is equivalent to a crank angle of 10 °. In diagram C, the top dead center of the piston is equivalent to a crank angle of 20 ° and diagram D shows the utilization of the available forces at a crank angle of 30 ° and at the same time minimal combustion chamber volume.
Verwandelt man die Fläche unter der Linie b in ein Rechteck- so stellt man fest, daß sich die Ausnutzung des Gasdruckes um mindestens 20% erhöht wenn eine Möglichkeit gefunden wird bei minimalem Brennkammer volumen einen Kurbelwinkel von 25°-30° zu erreichen.If you change the area under the line b into a rectangle, you can see that the utilization of the Gas pressure increases by at least 20% if a possibility is found with a minimal combustion chamber volume to reach a crank angle of 25 ° -30 °.
(Vergleiche Fig. 6 Diagramm A und D). (Compare Fig. 6 diagrams A and D).
Aus diesem Grund muß die Größe des Kurbelinnen- und des Kurbelaußenradius in Abhängigkeit von Pleuel länge und des Kurbelradius für jede Motorbaureihe eigenständig errechnet werden. Für den hier beschriebenen Kurbeltrieb mit einer Pleuellänge von 85 mm und einem Kurbelradius von 22 mm wäre der Kolben 1 bei einem Kurbelwinkel von 30° schon wieder ca. 3,66 mm in Richtung unteren Totpunkt (maximalen Brenn kammervolumen). Berechnungen mit Winkelfunktionen haben ergeben, daß der Kurbelaußenradius ca. 4,1 mm größer und der Kurbelinnenradius ca. 3,6 mm kleiner als der Kurbelradius sein muß. Bei dieser Bauweise kann der Kurbelzapfen 5 ab einem Winkel von 260° so auf einer elliptischen Bahn vom Kurbelaußenradius über den Kurbelinnenradius (bei ca. 330°) wieder auf den Kurbelaußenradius geführt werden, daß der obere Totpunkt (minimales Brennkammervolumen) nicht bei 0°, sondern erst bei ca. 18° erreicht wird (Fig. 7 Ansicht A). Ab einem Kurbelwinkel größer als 27° muß der Kurbelzapfen 5 nicht mehr geführt werden, da unabhängig von der Größe der Pleuelstangenkraft FPL ab 27° Kurbelwinkel die Tangentialkraft FT größer ist als die Radialkraft Frad (bei der angegebenen Pleuellänge und Kurbelradius).For this reason, the size of the inner and outer crank radius depending on the connecting rod length and the crank radius must be calculated independently for each engine series. For the crank mechanism described here with a connecting rod length of 85 mm and a crank radius of 22 mm, the piston 1 would again be approx. 3.66 mm in the direction of bottom dead center (maximum combustion chamber volume) at a crank angle of 30 °. Calculations with angular functions have shown that the crank outer radius must be approximately 4.1 mm larger and the crank inner radius approximately 3.6 mm smaller than the crank radius. With this design, the crank pin 5 can be guided on an elliptical path from an outer crank radius over the inner crank radius (at approx. 330 °) to the outer crank radius again from an angle of 260 ° such that the top dead center (minimum combustion chamber volume) is not at 0 °, but is only reached at approx. 18 ° ( Fig. 7 View A). From a crank angle greater than 27 °, the crank pin 5 no longer has to be guided, since regardless of the size of the connecting rod force F PL from a crank angle of 27 °, the tangential force F T is greater than the radial force F rad (with the specified connecting rod length and crank radius).
Dadurch wird ab diesem Zeitpunkt der größte Teil der als Verbrennungsdruck zur Verfügung stehenden Kolbenkraft F als Tangentialkraft FT genutzt und der Kurbelzapfen 5 gezwungen, sich auf dem Kurbelaußen radius ra zu bewegen.As a result, from this point in time most of the piston force F available as combustion pressure is used as a tangential force F T and the crank pin 5 is forced to move on the crank outer radius r a .
Auch in den Arbeitstakten Verdichten bzw. Ausstoßen wird der Kurbelzapfen 5 durch die Kolbenkraft ge zwungen, sich auf dem Kurbelaußenradius zu bewegen.Even in the work cycles of compression or ejection, the crank pin 5 is forced by the piston force to move on the crank outer radius.
Je nach Bauart des Motors bezüglich Hublänge oder Drehzahlhöhe ist eine Steuerung des Kurbelzapfens 5 durch die beschriebene Führung 7 auf den verschiedensten Bahnen denkbar, so auch eine fast elliptische Bahn, auf welcher die Hauptscheitelpunkte bei ca. 30° und 210° auf dem Kurbelaußenradius liegen.Depending on the design of the engine in terms of stroke length or speed, a control of the crank pin 5 by the described guide 7 on a wide variety of tracks is conceivable, including an almost elliptical track on which the main apexes lie at approximately 30 ° and 210 ° on the crank outer radius.
Der auf den Kolbenboden wirkende Druck im Arbeitstakt "Verdichten" bzw. bei einem 4-Taktmotor in den Arbeitstakten "Verdichten" und "Ausstoßen" der verbrannten Gase ist nicht dem Drehmoment entgegen gesetzt, da die Führung 7 des Kurbelzapfens 5 bewirkt, daß die Kräfte nicht auf die Kurbelwangen 4 wirken, sondern über Pleuel 2, Kurbelzapfen 5 auf die im Kurbelgehäuse 9 angebrachte Führung 7 Bei Mehrzylindermotoren sind die Kurbelwangen 4 der nebeneinanderliegenden Verbrennungsräume 10 durch den Wellenzapfen 6 stofflich miteinander verbunden (Zeichnung 7).The pressure acting on the piston crown in the "compressing" work cycle or, in the case of a 4-stroke engine in the "compressing" and "expelling" the burned gases, is not opposed to the torque, since the guide 7 of the crank pin 5 causes the forces do not act on the crank arms 4 , but via connecting rods 2 , crank pins 5 on the guide 7 mounted in the crankcase 9. In the case of multi-cylinder engines, the crank arms 4 of the adjacent combustion chambers 10 are materially connected to one another by the shaft journal 6 (drawing 7).
Um einen leichten Lauf des Kurbeltriebes zu gewährleisten, ist es empfehlenswert, den Kurbelzapfen 5 in dem Bereich der Führungen 7 mit Kugellagern, Nadellagern oder Gleitlagern auszustatten.In order to ensure that the crank drive runs smoothly, it is advisable to equip the crank pin 5 in the region of the guides 7 with ball bearings, needle bearings or plain bearings.
Vorteile dieser Erfindung sind:
Advantages of this invention are:
- 1. Bessere Ausnutzung des Verbrennungsdruckes als Tangentialkraft.1. Better use of combustion pressure than tangential force.
- 2. Hohe Drücke auf die Kurbelwellenlager werden vermieden, da die Radialkraft in Tangentialkraft umge wandelt wird.2. High pressures on the crankshaft bearings are avoided because the radial force is converted into tangential force is changed.
- 3. Bei gleicher Baugröße der Motoren ein größeres Drehmoment durch die Zündung bzw. Einspritzbeginn bei einem Kurbelwinkel von größer 0°.3. With the same size of the engines, a higher torque due to the ignition or start of injection at a crank angle greater than 0 °.
- 4. Größeres Drehmoment durch Vergrößerung des Kurbelradius während des Arbeitstaktes.4. Greater torque by increasing the crank radius during the work cycle.
- 5. Durch längere Verdichtungszeit bessere Durchmischung der Kraftstoffieilchen mit Luft.5. Better mixing of the fuel particles with air through longer compression times.
- 6. Leichtere Bauweise der Motoren möglich.6. Lighter construction of the motors possible.
- 7. Es ist von Vorteil, die Führung des Pleuelkolbens drehbar anzuordnen, um eine drehzahlabhängige Steuerung vornehmen zu können.7. It is advantageous to arrange the guide of the connecting rod piston rotatably in order to be dependent on the speed Control.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE1997124225 DE19724225A1 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Piston engine operating process |
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DE1997124225 DE19724225A1 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Piston engine operating process |
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Cited By (18)
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DE10254044A1 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-09 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Coolant compression device for freezers has rotor rotating on rotor shaft which is fixed to motor housing |
EP1646773A2 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2006-04-19 | Scuderi Group LLC | Split-cycle engine with dwell piston motion |
ITMO20090114A1 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-05 | Davide Madrigali | MACHINE THAT MAKES A USEFUL WORK WITH A NEW MECHANICAL DEVICE THAT INCREASES THE TORQUE MOMENT IN A RELEVANT WAY. |
EP2601399A4 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2015-07-01 | W Daniel Hamby | Dwell cycle crank with rollers |
US10465629B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-05 | Quest Engines, LLC | Internal combustion engine having piston with deflector channels and complementary cylinder head |
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US11060636B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-07-13 | Quest Engines, LLC | Engines and pumps with motionless one-way valve |
US10753267B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2020-08-25 | Quest Engines, LLC | Method and apparatus for producing stratified streams |
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