DE19712875A1 - Connection arrangement for plastics part with metal carrier - Google Patents
Connection arrangement for plastics part with metal carrierInfo
- Publication number
- DE19712875A1 DE19712875A1 DE19712875A DE19712875A DE19712875A1 DE 19712875 A1 DE19712875 A1 DE 19712875A1 DE 19712875 A DE19712875 A DE 19712875A DE 19712875 A DE19712875 A DE 19712875A DE 19712875 A1 DE19712875 A1 DE 19712875A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- connection arrangement
- arrangement according
- plastic part
- opening
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/005—Compensating volume or shape change during moulding, in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
- B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
- B29C45/14344—Moulding in or through a hole in the article, e.g. outsert moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14754—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles being in movable or releasable engagement with the coating, e.g. bearing assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/472—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73111—Thermal expansion coefficient
- B29C66/73112—Thermal expansion coefficient of different thermal expansion coefficient, i.e. the thermal expansion coefficient of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the other part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
- B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
- B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
- B29C37/0085—Mechanical anchoring by means of openings in the layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/02—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3002—Superstructures characterized by combining metal and plastics, i.e. hybrid parts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindungsanordnung für ein Kunststoffteil gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a connection arrangement for a Plastic part according to the preamble of claim 1.
Vielfach werden Kunststoffbauteile mit metallischen Bau teilen zum Zwecke der Befestigung verschraubt. Die Her stellung dieser Verbindung erfordert mehrere Arbeits schritte, die zeit- und kostenintensiv sind. Häufig müs sen die Verbindungen, z. B. aufgrund der Wärmeausdehnung, zumindestens in einer Dimension gegeneinander verschieb bar sein. Dies ist beispielsweise über eine Langlochver schraubung mit Spiel möglich. Hierfür sind beim Zusammen bau ebenfalls mehrere Arbeitsschritte notwendig. Außerdem ist die Spieleinstellung aufwendig und kann sich auch im Laufe der Zeit ändern. Ein immer größer werdendes Spiel kann bis zum völligen Lösen der Verbindung führen.Plastic components with metallic construction are often used parts screwed for fastening purposes. The Her Establishing this connection requires several work steps that are time and cost intensive. Frequently must sen the connections, e.g. B. due to thermal expansion, shift against each other at least in one dimension be cash. This is for example via an elongated hole ver screwing with play possible. For this are together construction also requires several work steps. Furthermore is the game setting complex and can also in Change over time. An ever growing game can lead to complete loosening of the connection.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Verbindungsanordnung für ein Kunststoffteil zu schaffen, das die oben genannten Nachteile nicht aufweist, die einen Wärmeausgleich zwischen den beiden Materialen erlaubt, die insbesondere einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Anspruch 1 bzw. im Verfahrensanspruch 7 angegebenen Mittel. Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object of the invention is to provide a connection arrangement for a plastic part, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above, which allows a heat balance between the two materials, which is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture. This object is achieved by the means specified in claim 1 and in method claim 7 . Advantageous further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Die wesentliche Idee der Erfindung besteht darin, das Kunststoffteil mit einem sich erweiterten Ansatz zu ver sehen, der eine Öffnung im metallischen Bauteil, das als Träger dient, hintergreift. Entsprechend der Form der Öffnung sind dann beide Bauteile zumindest in einer Rich tung gegeneinander verschiebbar. Eine Verschraubung ist nicht mehr notwendig. Dadurch entfallen mehrere Arbeits schritte. Als Verfahren wird erfindungsgemäß ein Hinter spritzverfahren vorgeschlagen. Hierbei dient ein Teil des Trägers als Spritzgußform.The essential idea of the invention is that Plastic part with an expanded approach to ver see the one opening in the metallic component that as Carrier serves, reaches behind. According to the shape of the Both components are then at least in one opening tion movable against each other. There is a screw connection not necessary anymore. This eliminates several jobs steps. According to the invention, a method is used as a method spraying process proposed. Part of the Carrier as an injection mold.
Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand zweier in der Zeich nung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is based on two in the drawing tion illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:
Fig. 1 erfindungsgemäße Verbindungsanordnung mit einem Hohlprofil und einer Kunststoffplatte, Fig. 1 connection arrangement according to the invention with a hollow profile and a plastic plate,
Fig. 2 Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindungsanordnung nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Halteblech und einem Kunststoffteil, Fig. 2 shows a section through an inventive connector assembly according to a second embodiment of a retaining plate and a plastic part,
Fig. 3 Aufsicht gemäß Fig. 2 jedoch ohne Kunststoffteil und mit angedeuteten Schieberbereichen, die bei der Herstellung ausgespart werden Fig. 3 supervision of FIG. 2, however, which are recessed in the preparation without plastic part and with indicated slide areas,
Fig. 1 zeigt ein metallisches Hohlprofil 1, das eine Öff nung 10 aufweist, an die sich eine Aufnahme 12 an schließt. Die Öffnung 10 weist eine Breite B auf und er streckt sich in Längsrichtung in der Zeichenebene. Die Aufnahme 12 wird dabei von der Außenkontur des Hohlpro fils 1 gebildet und begrenzt einen Ansatz 22, der mit ei ner Kunststoffplatte 20 über einen Steg 24 verbunden ist. In Längsrichtung sind das Hohlprofil 1 und die Kunst stoffplatte 20 gegeneinander verschiebbar. Fig. 1 shows a metallic hollow profile 1 , which has a Publ opening 10 , to which a receptacle 12 closes. The opening 10 has a width B and it extends in the longitudinal direction in the plane of the drawing. The receptacle 12 is formed by the outer contour of the Hohlpro fils 1 and limits an approach 22 which is connected to egg ner plastic plate 20 via a web 24 . In the longitudinal direction, the hollow profile 1 and the plastic plate 20 are mutually displaceable.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem ein Halteblech 3 eine langlochartige Öffnung 110 aufweist, in die ein Ansatz 122 einer Kunststoffplatte 120 ragt. Bei der Herstellung der Verbindungsanordnung werden die Enden der Öffnung 110 mit Kernen 114a, 114b (Fig. 3) ausgelegt, die nach dem Erstarren des Kunststoffs entfernt werden. In einem in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind auch die zur Öffnung 110 weisenden Enden der Kerne 114a, 114b abgerundet. Über die Länge der Kerne 114a, 114b läßt sich der Bereich, in dem Halteblech 3 und Kunststoffplatte gegeneinander verschiebbar sind, einstellen. Im Endzustand sind Halteblech 3 und Kunststoffplatte 120 in Längsrichtung gegeneinander verschiebbar. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment in which a holding plate 3 has a slot-like opening 110 into which a projection 122 protrudes a plastic plate 120. In the manufacture of the connection arrangement, the ends of the opening 110 are laid out with cores 114 a, 114 b ( FIG. 3), which are removed after the plastic has solidified. In an embodiment not shown in the drawing, the ends of the cores 114 a, 114 b facing the opening 110 are also rounded. The area in which the holding plate 3 and the plastic plate can be displaced relative to one another can be adjusted over the length of the cores 114 a, 114 b. In the final state, the holding plate 3 and the plastic plate 120 can be displaced in the longitudinal direction against one another.
Die beiden Halterungen werden jeweils im Hinterspritzver fahren hergestellt. Hierbei dienen Teile des Profils 1 bzw. des Blechs 3 als Spritzgußform. Der wesentliche Vor teil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß eine zusätzliche Ver schraubung zwischen dem Kunststoffbauteil und dem metal lischen Bauteil nicht mehr notwendig sind. Weiterhin ist trotz unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnung beider Materia lien eine starre Verbindung gegeben.The two brackets are each manufactured in the rear injection process. Here, parts of the profile 1 or the sheet 3 serve as an injection mold. The essential part of the invention is that an additional screw connection between the plastic component and the metallic component is no longer necessary. Furthermore, despite different thermal expansion of both materials, a rigid connection is given.
Der erfindungsgemäße Verbindungsanordnung eignet sich in besonderer Weise im Kraftfahrzeugbau beim Einsatz von Aluminiumträgern an denen Verkleidungsteile befestigt werden.The connection arrangement according to the invention is suitable in special way in motor vehicle construction when using Aluminum straps to which cladding parts are attached will.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19712875A DE19712875A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Connection arrangement for plastics part with metal carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19712875A DE19712875A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Connection arrangement for plastics part with metal carrier |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19712875A1 true DE19712875A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
Family
ID=7824787
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19712875A Ceased DE19712875A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Connection arrangement for plastics part with metal carrier |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19712875A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108019399A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 德韧运营公司 | Hybrid metal polymer interlock |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9110175U1 (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1991-10-02 | Ferco International, Sarrebourg | Fitting for clamping in a profile groove undercut on at least one side |
US5597290A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1997-01-28 | Tuthill Corporation | Multi-component fan assembly |
-
1997
- 1997-03-27 DE DE19712875A patent/DE19712875A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9110175U1 (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1991-10-02 | Ferco International, Sarrebourg | Fitting for clamping in a profile groove undercut on at least one side |
US5597290A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1997-01-28 | Tuthill Corporation | Multi-component fan assembly |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DE-B.: G. ERHARD/E. STRICKLE: Maschinenelemente aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen Band 2. Lager und Antriebselemente VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1978 * |
DE-B.: G. ERHARD/E. STRICKLE: Maschinenelemente aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen Grundlagen und Verbindungselemente VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1974 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108019399A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | 德韧运营公司 | Hybrid metal polymer interlock |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8131 | Rejection |