DE19527784C2 - Thickening centrifuge for thickening excess sludge - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a thickening centrifuge Thickening excess sludge according to claim 1.

The thickening centrifuges according to the invention serve the Reduce sludge production mass in sewage treatment plants, the Improve drainage and contribute to biogas fermentation anaerobic methane fermentation of the sludge, the Waste biomass and in the anaerobic cleaning of Accelerate waste water.

Biological waste treatment results in relative large amounts of sludge, dealing with them and their economic use often leads to problems. At the ae robotic biological treatment of the wastewater arises little At least two types of sludge: primary sludge - that sludge that ent in the primary deposition of the supplied wastewater stands and is subject to rapid decomposition - and as second type of sludge the activated excess sludge, which after the biological treatment stage of the wastewater falls. This is primarily a mixture of Microorganisms that arise during wastewater treatment and their number from the amount of contaminants eliminated conditions and the procedural conditions for cleaning is dependent. Both types of sludge are used in most Sewage treatment plants, especially in the large ones, through an anaerobic Processed methane fermentation.

Anaerobic methane fermentation of organic substances is a Process in which a mixed culture of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions gradually biodegradable  Organic mass decomposes. The end products of this cer Settlement are methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide (Sulfane), nitrogen, hydrogen, the resulting biomass and a stabilized organic substance (another not more decomposable remaining stock).

Among the main factors affecting the course of the anaerobic Affecting decomposition include the composition of the Substrates (depending on it the specific production such as the composition of the biogas), the presence of Nutrients, pH, buffering capacity and Temperature. The economy of this process is of the dry matter concentration (solids concentration) depending on the material to be processed. For this reason the incoming material is often a thickening process subjected to this, either mechanically (centrifuges, Pressing etc.) or with the help of gravity.

For a favorable course of anaerobic decomposition the presence of a number of inorganic nutrients significant. The presence of a row is also important growth factors (growth factors) and vita mines and enzymes. For anaerobic decomposition, al lem hydrolytic enzymes of importance, which a lot number of substances, such as B. also solid and high molecular weight organic substances. Some of these substances can synthesize the microorganisms themselves, others must be added from the outside.

One laboratory opportunity, biogas development at anaer above methane fermentation of sludge, waste water and other stimulating against organic substances describes the CZ-PS 242 979. The method disclosed in this patent be is that the material intended for fermentation, or directly into the anaerobic reactor, as a stimulation a separate from the laboratory wastewater treatment plant mechanically or physically treated microorganisms  containing biomass suspension of between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably 5% by weight, based on the organic Dry matter of the material to be processed added becomes.

In lytic treatment (mechanical and physical Destruction of cells) of the biomass suspension according to the State of the art is partly the content of the cells released microorganisms.

The content of microorganism cells or cells of others Organisms that result from the destruction of cell walls and / or cell membranes is released into the solution (also Zelly called sat), has a beneficial or stimulating effect the process of biological decomposition of the organic Fabrics. The lysis of the cells proceeds on the one hand to na natural way (autolysis) in dead cells, other on the other hand with the help of hydrolytic enzymes, which by Fermentation bacteria are released into the solution, and also by the artificial decomposition of microorganism organisms with the help of physico-chemical or mechanical methods.

The cell lysate stimulates the function and that Growth of microorganisms, on the other hand it contains even a series of enzymes that are organi shear substances are required. The lysate stimulates the Activity of some bacteria, the hydrogen and carbon di implement oxide, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. and / or can release. It also increases decomposition or ganic mass and increases biogas production at anaero ben methanation processes, which reduces the Ge total amount of sludge produced and the increase in Resulting in biogas production. The cell lysate can also the production of excess animated sludge at the Influence application in the aeration tank significantly.  

The preparation of cell lysates on a laboratory scale according to the State of the art is both related to the required system and the amount of energy required for this complex. This applies to all known metho to the cell decomposition or destruction, such as. B. this disintegration using mechanical methods (Grinding, grinding, pressing), sonification (Ultrasound treatment), cavitation, repeated freezing cleaning and thawing, exposure to heat, etc. the case is.

The prior art method described above the CZ-PS 242 979 has the main disadvantage that it is a separate preparation of the cell lysate - outside of the actual clarification device - makes it necessary. As already mentioned above This method is only mentioned for a laboratory scale suitable; a transfer to an industrial process is due to the large space requirements, the high energy and investment costs and the additional staff effort not practical. For example, it is not economically still technically sensible sludge quantities that in Tone scale accumulate, freeze cyclically and again to defrost.

Based on the prior art of CZ-PS 242 979 It is therefore an object of the present invention, which is in Kläran accumulated sludge were under industrial conditions less expensive and less expensive significantly lower.

This problem is solved in terms of device technology by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The present invention provides a thickening centrifuge Thickening excess sludge available. she is structurally designed so that the cells in the clarifier organisms containing sludge, in particular microorganisms  at least partially lysed when thickening the.

Through the devices according to the invention, the sludge production in wastewater treatment plants significantly reduced. Thereby, that the cells of the microorganisms in the thickening pre direction will be lysed, it will also be possible to Devices can also be used in the industrial area.

This happens procedurally, as in the German one Patent application 195 02 856.2 by the same applicant with the Title "Device and method for reducing the Sludge production in sewage plants "from January 30, 1995 wrote on which hereby fully in this regard Reference is made.

A particular advantage is that the one thick centrifuge for thickening at the same time of the sludge as well as for lysing the cells can be ended what the devices or the procedure makes your economy more economical. It is also invented devices according to the invention a continuous lysing cells with a relatively low sludge throughput Lich, which prevents large amounts of sludge must be processed at the same time.  

Since the thickening centrifuges according to the invention are not complex Preparation of the cell lysate outside the clarifier is no longer necessary, so there are no increased costs and no increased energy and personnel expenses. Furthermore the performance of the anaerobic reactor is increased and the Ab construction of organic substances accelerated, problematic substances, such as e.g. B. various xenobiotics or toxins are ver strengthens degradation, it will increase the production of combustible gas increases and the energy balance is compared to the state of the Technology also improved.

The above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art become thus by the thickening centrifuge according to the invention in the treatment of mud and waste biomass through anaerobic methane fermentation as well at least largely in anaerobic wastewater treatment eliminated.

The present invention includes a thickener centrifuge thick of excess sludges, being at the centrifuge has at least one lysing device break the cells from contained in the sewage sludge Organisms is provided.

In the preferred embodiments of the present Er the lysing device is an integral part of the invention Part of the centrifuge and is preferably on the centrifuge planned exit.  

The particular advantage of the present invention lies justified that in the wastewater technology anyway used thickening centrifuges only have to undergo a relatively small structural change, to meet the requirements of the present invention fulfill.

A device according to claim 2 is characterized essentially lichen that they have a high funding and A thickening efficiency if it has a rotating conveyor snail and a rotating shell, the rotating mantle just an even better promotion of the Sludge results and an addition or caking of the Auger with the jacket of the centrifuge largely prevented.

This effect is reinforced by the fact that Screw conveyor and the jacket of the centrifuge with different circumferential speeds according to an Say 3 rotate.

The peripheral speed of the Screw conveyor about 10 RPM higher than the circumferential ge speed of the centrifuge jacket.  

To larger foreign objects from the naturally relatively narrow Passage spaces within the lysing facilities hold, it often makes sense to use a sieve in the sludge feed for the Lysiereinrich provision. This measure largely becomes a Damage to the lysing device from any larger ones Parts like stones and non-rotten waste materials avoid.

Such screening devices are preferably such arranges that they can easily operate the sewage plant and the centrifuge can be replaced. That's about it the possibility of a double sludge supply according to Art a bypass provided, the mud path over the Bypass with intact screening device is carried out when the Screening device of the other line must be cleaned.

The lysing device itself can comprise several types sen. Which special lysing device should be chosen depends on the respective mud conditions, so that a wide range is available here, which Centrifuges with which lysing devices for which Purpose.

Experience with seven different Lys currently exists equipment.

For example, according to claim 4, the lysing device is se trained as a friction grinder, which means that in essential shear and friction forces like a Zermah lens with a millstone for the lysing effect are responsible.  

Such a friction grinder is as a lysing device for example in claim 5 on the front according to the invention Direction provided, this friction grinder little least has a grinding disc, which for grinding the Mud and the cells it contains.

In such a device, the centrifuge dewatered sludge preferably between two roughened Surfaces are mechanically ground, due to the high Shear forces between the mud and the cells between the friction surfaces, the cells of the Microorganisms and higher organisms torn apart and with it be lysed.

Such a friction grinder is preferably used as a Lysier device formed according to claim 6, wherein a meal disc connected to the rotating jacket of the centrifuge is and thus rotates with it and therefore against one Another fixed grinding disc is moving. Here lies the Distance between the two grinding disks approximately in the range of 0.5-5 mm.

Such a construction of a lysing device has the Advantage that he gets along with little effort that the Distance between the two grinding disks is adjustable, whereby the Lysiergrad is adjustable and that one derar term lysing device can also be built up in several stages, whereby different surfaces of the grinding disks different distances between the grinding disks of the individual stages can be used.

Due to the relatively small distance between the two grinding disks, it makes sense to have larger foreign objects within the sludge with a sieve in the inlet to prevent damage to avoid the lysing device.

An increase in shear forces due to the ent in the wastewater holding cells arise, takes place in particular  instead of the grinding discs deepening on their grinding surfaces gene, in particular have grooves, these grooves before preferably an angle of attack with respect to the radial direction Claim 7. It is particularly preferred that this Ver depressions in the rotating grinding disc occur because this has a certain pumping effect and training formation of relatively large pressure gradients and thus a he increased shear and thereby increased lysing effect occurs.

If the angle of attack of the depressions or grooves opposite to the radial direction in the surface of the mill discs, preferably the rotating grinding disc can be seen, this pumping effect can be increased depending on the angle or be weakened.

An arrangement of adjacent rows of grooves Gap according to claim 9 has the advantage that the Scherwir and the direct lysing effect also through production turbulence is further intensified.

The residence time of the sludge in one type of this Lysier device can still be controlled according to that Claim 10 a weir is provided at the mud outlet, the The height of the lysing volume of sludge in the lysing area direction and thus controls the dwell time.

This, in turn, enables the lysis efficiency to be appropriate controlled changed or set.

Another type of thickening centrifuge according to the invention has a lysing device, also as Friction grinder is formed, but instead of one Grinding disk a grinding cone according to claim 11 for grinding of the sludge and the cells contained therein.  

The lysing effect is similar to that of previously described embodiment of the invention Device, namely at the exit from the centrifuge mud also enters the grinding cone one and is between a rotating outer cone, the has at least one grinding surface and preferably one fixed inner cone grated. It is also one kinematic reversal possible.

According to claims 12 to 16, both the rotie outer cone as well as the fixed inner cone Requires surface recesses, especially grooves sen, which here preferably in the direction of the generatrix the grinding cone or arranged at an angle of attack for this are, these wells the same lysis-enhancing They have effects like the depressions on the grinding disc in the embodiment described above.

In the embodiment of the present is particularly preferred ing invention, which a grinding cone as Lysiereinrich tion used that the gap between rotating outer con nus and the fixed inner cone a stop and springs may occur during the Operation is variable and adjustable.

The embodiment of the device according to the invention, wel che has used a grinding cone as a lysing device the advantage that it is easy to adjust and that it larger foreign bodies due to the spring-loaded mounting of the Dodge inner cone.

According to claim 17, the thickening centrifuge according to the invention for thickening sewage sludge as a lysing device a so-called profile grater. With this profile grater is according to claim 18, a fixed outer shell and a rotating friction surface provided, which rotate with the the jacket of the centrifuge is connected, being a close  Gap between the fixed outer shell and the friction area exists.

Sludge, which through an outlet opening through the ro tive friction surface into the gap between the outside shell and friction surface occurs, is forced by this to flow towards the distance, the great pressure causing so high shear forces arise that the cell walls of bacts and other microorganisms such as Pro burst tozoen and thus be lysed.

According to claim 19, the rotating friction surface on it Surface depressions, especially undulating recesses have tests, which in turn increase the shear serve forces.

According to claim 20, the friction surface on both sides ih different inclinations in the direction have on the outer shell, that part of the Friction surface, which to the closed end of the device shows is narrower than that part of the friction surface, which for Mud outlet opening shows, creating a pressure gradient in Towards the sludge outlet.

On the one hand, this pressure gradient becomes a conveyor effect achieved in the direction of the sludge outlet and others on the other hand, the shear forces acting on the microorganisms increased again, whereby the total lysing effect ver is strengthened.

According to claim 21, the sludge feed to the profile grater preferably provided centrally and be according to claim 22 the distance between the friction surface and the outer shell bears approximately minimum 1 mm to maximum 10 mm.

The lysing device must be designed as a profile grater overall the advantages that practically no tightness pro  problems arise that it is easy to build, that none Metal friction occurs and that larger particles laterally can dodge, so that under certain circumstances a sieve rich tion can be omitted.

In addition, due to the design, a low height can be maintained, so that a relative space-saving construction is made possible.

The mechanism of lysis mainly results from Quet and grinding and the resulting shear powers.

According to claim 23 is a further embodiment of the horizontal thickening centrifuge, namely one that in which the lysing device as a roller press is trained.

In this embodiment, the thickening according to the invention Centrifuges are rollers like a roller bearing from a ro part on the inner wall of a fixed exterior Case according to claim 24 in the inner circumferential direction of the outside shell rolled. This is practically a fixed one Outer cylinder in front, which has recesses, in which the rollers are moving. In addition, the ro Part that ver with the jacket of the centrifuge is bound, also recesses, in which a whose set of rollers is stored and over the inner surface is rolled in the inner circumferential direction of the outer shell.

If sludge from the centrifuge outlet into such a Ly siereinrichtung occurs, he gets into the spaces between Rolls and is taken away by them, rolled over and here at being squeezed, which again results in high shear forces, which are sufficient to get the cells off in the sewage sludge  contained organisms, especially microorganisms, to be lysed particularly finely.

According to claim 25, a roller set has at least ten whales zen, with a total of at least two sets of rollers before are moving.

A thickening centrifuge according to the invention with a roller squeezer as a lysing device has a good size reduction and Lysis effect, the overall height being kept relatively low can be.

However, a rela tiv great accuracy in the construction of each Parts and a relatively high level of smoothness required because be smaller non-crushable mineral parts Allow device to eat, so that with this Lysing device, preferably a sieve in front of the centrifuge should be ordered.

Claim 26 claims a thickening centrifuge, in which the Lysing device designed as a so-called passing drum is.

According to claim 27, such a passing drum has meh rere passing elements, which in a fixed Au outer shell with a preferably adjustable distance to Rotate the inner wall of the outer shell. Get mud out of the Centrifuge inlet between the individual passing elements, so it is through the narrow gap between the outer shell and the individual passing elements, which for example as Passing disks can be formed, crushed and due to the resulting high shear stress the microorganism cells are destroyed.  

The advantages of such a lysing device are justified that a very small space is possible and that several such lysing devices in series which can be switched to the lysing effect, before incrementally, preferably.

Because with such a construction of the lysing device however, larger foreign bodies damage the passier elements, it makes sense to have larger foreign bodies sieve before the centrifuge.

According to claim 28, a thickening centrifuge is claimed, which has a cutter as a lysing device.

Such a cutting device has rotating according to claim 29 Rows of cutting elements, especially rows of knives, are fixed existing cutting elements, especially rows of knives and a Weir at the sludge outlet of the lysing device and the Cutting elements are arranged so that they are in one another grab without touching.

As a rule, sludge enters the In at the centrifuge outlet nere of the cutting unit, the sludge the centrifuge leaves at about 50 m / s and initially on a beveled Surface strikes, causing part of the cells is destroyed by the impulse. The mud gets out then across a canal into the cutting unit where it goes through a variety of rotating knives on the one hand and fixed standing knives, on the other hand, perpendicular to a rotati is pressed through and the mud through the preferably designed as a knife enor is subject to cutting and shear forces, which causes the Cells contained in the sewage sludge be lysed. The main physical effect lies in cutting and smashing the cells.  

According to claim 30, the distance between the rotating and the fixed knife rows can be adjusted, whereby the lysing effect of the cutting unit on the Properties of the sludge can be adjusted.

In practice it has been found that according to claim 31 the knives at a speed of approx. 50-100 m / s, preferably rotate about 80 m / s.

On the one hand, these speed values ensure one sufficient lysing effect and on the other hand for a right relatively long service life of the cutting elements.

According to claim 32, the rows of knives are preferably open Gap arranged, with adjacent rows of knives are arranged so that areas where a row of knives is interrupted, the neighboring rows of knives no Un Have breakage, which indicates the lysing effect is strengthened.

Another way to increase the lyse we kung is that according to claim 33, the ends of the Cutting elements, especially the knife ends, an Setting angle to the direction of rotation of the cutting unit sen, so that part of the sludge from the previous Row of cutting elements, especially row of knives, again is performed so that there is a pump effect in Rich result on the centrifuge and thereby the dwell time of the sludge inside the cutting unit if required can be increased drastically.

The dwell time is also above the height of the weir Sludge outlet adjustable according to claim 34.

The advantages of the lysing device according to the invention Designing the device as a cutting unit is included justifies that this type of lysing device for  Efficiency improvement regarding the lysis of the cells of Microorganisms can be expanded as desired, for example by increasing the number of knives or by changing the angle of attack of the knife ends, so that a excellent crushing occurs and the dwell time over several design parameters such as Weir height, angle of attack of the knife ends and distance between rotating and fixed cutting elements, Length of the cutting elements in the circumferential direction and height of the Knife is adjustable.

Since the knives are relatively sensitive as cutting elements, should preferably remove larger foreign objects pern, preferably already in the centrifuge inlet or in Entrance of the conveyor.

To increase the service life of the cutting elements, hard materials are preferably used here, such as for example chrome-vanadium-molybdenum alloys or Ti tan and also with tungsten carbide or diamond chips occupied cutting edges.

According to claim 35, a thickening centrifuge according to the invention a pin grinder as a lysing device.

Basically, such a pin grinder is similar built like a cutting unit, but with the proviso that no cutting elements but pins on a rotating one and a fixed part are arranged, these Pins which are arranged in the form of rows of pins according to Interact claim 36, wherein the rotating Do not touch the rows of pins.

With this type of lysing device occurs at the centrifuge outlet Sludge inside the pin grinder, passing the sludge through the narrow column of interlocking and partially  rotating pins is forced, causing those in the mud contained cells lysed by impact and smashing will. They also occur between individuals Establish high shear forces, which also results in lysis of cells.

According to claim 37, the distance between the are fixed the and rotating rows of pins adjustable, which the Degree of lysis can be adjusted.

According to claim 38, the pins rotate at a speed 50-100 m / s, preferably approx. 80 m / s.

According to claim 39 are adjacent rows of pins arranged on gap so that areas where no pins the neighboring pins are present in a row of pins have rows of pins. The pins can be according to claim 40 also include an angle to the axis of rotation. Hereby will also increase the lysing effect created.

According to claim 41, the height of the weir at the mud outlet this type of lyser adjustable, so how therefore the dwell time of the sludge within the Lysier furnishing can be adapted to the needs.

A thickening centrifuge according to the invention with a lyser that works as a pin grinder has the advantage that the residence time is adjustable that it can be expanded and the Effect, for example, by the number of striking pins is easy to vary, and that striker pins if necessary are easily interchangeable.  

In this embodiment, too, it is useful foreign matter by, preferably in the centrifuge or pump inlet, via withhold a screening device.

The thickening centrifuge according to the invention is preferred used in a sewage treatment plant, which at least one sedimentation basin with at least one inflow has and at least one conveyor, little at least one aerobic activation device and at least one has anaerobic reactor.

As a lysing device, in addition to those already described also a vacuum device and / or overpressure device tion, in particular pressing device and / or Zerreibeinrich device and / or sound system, preferably Ultra sound device and / or vibration device used will. Through these different possibilities, the Plant optimal to the nature of the respective waste water sers and / or sewage sludge can be adjusted. Furthermore can be lysed more or less as required thus the device according to the invention or that procedures performed become very adaptable.

The sewage treatment plant can at least one night clarifier between the aerobic activation device and of the thickening device to clarify improve. Furthermore, the clarifier can also Take over the function of a memory or a buffer effect exercise.

The aerobic activation device is preferably directly connected connected to the sedimentation tank, which is the advantage of a unit  pipe system and a reduced odor shows.

The conveyor or conveyor can for example, a slurry pump, which is preferably arranged behind the secondary clarifier and with an inlet to the aerobic activation device connected is. The aerobic preparation of the Sewage can be further improved. Also the Conveyor for the thickened sludge Anaerobic treatment can also be done with a lysing device be equipped.

The fact that the thickening device of the sewage plant is a centrifuge with a suitable lysing device, this has the advantage that in addition to the lysis of cells, an essential Liche dewatering of the sludge can be achieved. In order to can also the possible transport costs for the Mud are lowered. Another advantage is that the water content of the sludge can be adjusted.

Furthermore, an after the anaerobic reactor Thickening and / or drainage device, preferably a centrifuge, be arranged to remove the sludge from the Final storage and / or incineration as dry as possible nen. Here too there are the advantages of reduced transport costs and the adjustability of the Water content.

The lysing device can be a Frikti, for example on grinder, especially grinding disc or grinding cone  Grinder, profile grater, roller squeezer, passing drum, Include cutter or a pin grinder.

Combinations of these Lysiers are of course also possible device types conceivable in one and the same centrifuge.

In addition, in the sewage treatment plant also several centrifuges different lysing devices used will. The advantage of this is that the Adjustment of the lysing device to the sludge consistency and composition can be done by such measures.

The aerobically converted wastewater can be in at least one Clarifiers are clarified and the cleaned waste water ser can be derived and at least part of the ab sewage sludge can be placed in a thickening device to get redirected. This has the advantage that less Volume needs to be processed, making the facility becomes more economical.

The anaerobically treated sewage sludge can also be in a white thickening device (centrifuge) who thickened the. The entire centrate becomes the aero after the centrifuge ben revitalization device supplied. Part of the center from the centrifuge can into the aerobic reactor to stimu be carried out.

An amount of about 0.5 to 50% of the amount is preferred lysed on originally present organism cells. In order to can stimulation and / or the resulting amount of sludge being controlled.  

Part of the anaerobically converted and / or incorporated can also thick sludge is returned to the anaerobic reactor to continue mining it.

For disassembling (destruction) or for lysing a part of the Cells can thus, for example, the cells on the pump pen and / or during the centrifugation of the processed mate rials (activated or anaerobically stabilized sludge or another biomass) centrifugal force the.

Another advantage of using the Wastewater treatment plant process is that in the anaer above a reactor a flammable gas, especially methane, he is fathered. The combustible gas generated in the process can be used to generate electricity, with preference the generated electricity directly to operate the sewage location and / or used for feeding into the power grid can be.

Further advantages and features of the present invention result from the description of execution examples play as well as based on the drawing.

It shows:

Fig. 1 is an overall view of a Vorrich device according to the invention in longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a part of the inventive device with a SEN formed as Friktionsmahlwerk lysing according to a first embodiment;

Figure 3a is a schematic representation of the surface of a grinding disc, which is used in the device according to the invention according to a first embodiment.

Figure 3b is a schematic representation of the Oberflächenver depressions as shown in FIG 3a tung in another Ausgestal..;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a part of the inventive apparatus according to SEN form a second embodiment;

Figure 5 is a sectional view of part of the inventive device SEN according to a third form of execution.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along section line 6-6 in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a portion of the inventive SEN apparatus of a fourth form of execution according to;

Fig. 7a is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 in Fig. 7;

Fig. 8 is a part of the inventive device according to a fifth SEN execution form is a sectional view;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9-9 in Fig. 8;

FIG. 10 is a part of the inventive apparatus according to a sixth SEN execution form is a sectional view;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along the line 11-11 in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 in Fig. 10;

FIG. 13 is a part of the inventive device according to a seventh SEN execution form is a sectional view;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along line 14-14 in Fig. 13; and

Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a wastewater treatment plant.

In the following the thickening centrifuge according to the invention described as an example. However, the invention is not limited to this, but any suitable one Conveyor for sludge-containing wastewater can with the described lysing device can be combined and different positions within a sewage treatment plant in For the purposes of the present invention.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a thickening centrifuge for thickening from water sludge. The device 1 has a Ge housing 2 , inside which 3 a centrifuge 4 is hen vorgese. The centrifuge 4 has in its interior 5 a screw conveyor 6 as a rotating conveyor and a rotating jacket 7 .

In the thickening of sewage sludge, sewage sludge is fed to a centrifuge inlet 8 of the centrifuge 4 via a pipe, not shown. The waste water sludge is then conveyed by the rotating screw conveyor 6 inside 5 of the centrifuge 4 in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1 to the rear end 9 and finally to the centrifuge outlet. In the example case of the screw conveyor 6 is rotated at a circumferential speed of approximately 3010 rpm and the jacket 7 rotates at a peripheral speed of about 3000 rpm, the rotational directions of the screw conveyor 6 and the RERS of the sheath 7 are identical.

At the rear end 9 of the centrifuge 4 , a lysing device 10 is arranged within a housing 11 in the example.

The lysing device 10 comprises a rotating part 12 as well as a fixed part 13 . The rotating part 12 of the lysing device 10 and the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 are driven by a drive 14 .

The screw conveyor 6 of the centrifuge 4 is driven by a second drive, not shown in FIG . B. hydraulically or via a transmission.

To obtain lysate sludge, the sewage sludge that occurs in sewage treatment plants is conveyed via the screw conveyor 6 of the centrifuge 4 to the centrifuge outlet 9 in order to get into the interior 15 of the lysing device 10 . Cells from organisms, in particular microorganisms, such as protozoa and bacteria, as well as algae and nematodes, but also constituents of higher plants, are destroyed or lysed in the lysing device 10 in such a way that their membranes and / or cell walls tear and the cell content becomes in the Environment pours.

Since naturally not all of the sludge present Cells are lysed, the cell content of the lysed serves Cells other organisms in the treatment process Processing the sludge as a nutrient medium, which leads to egg biogas production, especially methane production in  Digestion tower, increases significantly, and on the other hand the Total sludge mass decreases dramatically.

In the following, embodiments of the thickening centrifuge according to the invention with different lysing devices 10 are described.

Fig. 2 shows a lysing device 100 , which is arranged at the centrifuge outlet 9 of the centrifuge 4 of a device 1 for thickening sewage sludge.

The rotating part 120 of the lysing device 100 according to FIG. 2 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 , so that it rotates with the jacket 7 . The fixed part 130 of the lysing device 100 is designed as a standing cup. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the lysing device 100 has the form of a friction grinder on a part of the surface of the rotating part 120, a grinding disk 161 . The fixed part 130 of the lysing device 100 also has a grinding wheel 162 .

In the example, the grinding disk 161 has depressions 163 which are preferably aligned in the radial direction according to FIG. 3a. Due to the rotation of the screw conveyor 6 and the casing 7 of the centrifuge 4 , sewage sludge is conveyed in the direction of the arrow to the centrifuge outlet 9 and transported at a speed of approximately 50 m / s into the interior 150 of the lysing device 100 . The sludge must now pass through the gap 170 where it is ground between the grinding surfaces 164 and 165 . The recesses 163 , which are preferably mounted in the rotating grinding disk 161, are of particular advantage since they increase the grinding and shear forces of the ly siereinrichtung 100 and thus lead to an increased cell lysis.

After the sludge has been ground in the gap 170 , it collects at the upper end 180 of the lysing device 100 in FIG. 2 due to the centrifugal force. The sludge height and thus the total residence time of the sludge in the Lysier device 100 is determined on the one hand by the width of the gap 170 , which in the example is approximately 2 mm, and by the height of a weir ring 190 .

After passing through the lysing device 100 , the sludge emerges in a thickened form at the outlet 195 of the lysing device 100 .

Referring to FIG. 3a and 3b, the recesses 163 are preferably formed on the surface of the rotating grinding surface 161 as grooves in the radial direction, but, according to Fig. 3b also have an angle of attack to the radial Rich processing.

In the example, it is particularly preferred that the recesses 163 are arranged on a gap. This means that adjacent rows of grooves 141 are arranged so that areas where one row of grooves 141 is interrupted have no interruption in the adjacent rows of grooves 141 .

The advantage lies on the one hand in an increased pumping action and the formation of larger pressure gradients within the gap 170 , so that overall there is a significantly increased lysing effect of the lysing device 100 .

However, the lysing device according to FIG. 2 can also comprise a plurality of lysing devices 100 , so that a multi-stage lysing device is available, whereby the lysing effect is still significantly increased.

Of course, the number of lysers is fen through the required energy expenditure and Ver Biogas production ratio, in other words, that Energy expenditure / benefit ratio, limited.

In addition, to retain larger foreign bodies, which could possibly damage the lysing device 100 , a sieving stage can be arranged before the sludge enters the gap 170 or in front of the centrifuge inlet 8 .

In FIG. 4, a lysing OF INVENTION to the invention device 1 is shown in a second embodiment 200. In this case, the lysing device 200 is configured as a friction grinder, specifically as a grinding cone 205 . The rotating outer cone 220 of the grinding cone 200 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 . The grinding surface 261 of the outer cone 220 has depressions 263 . In the case of such preferred recesses 263 , which are aligned in the direction of the generatrices of the grinding cone 205 . In principle, however, it is also possible to arrange the indentations 263 at an angle of incidence to the surface lines of the grinding cone 205 . In the example, the recesses 263 , which are designed as grooves, are arranged on the grinding surface 261 of the outer cone 220 such that adjacent rows of grooves are arranged in a gap, so that areas where one row of grooves is interrupted have no interruption in the adjacent rows of grooves.

This will also have a better lysing effect enough.

Opposite the rotating outer cone 220 is a stationary inner cone 230 , which has a grinding surface 262 . Between the inner cone 230 and outer cone 220 of the Ly siereinrichtung 200 is a gap 270 , the width of which can be changed via an adjusting device 275 .

To improve the pumping action and the better distribution of the sludge, the depth of the depressions 263 is chosen in the example so that it approximately corresponds to the width of the depressions 263 . Particularly before a part of a grinding cone 205 as a lysing device 200 of a device 1 for thickening sewage sludge lies in the fact that such a lysing device 200 in the form of the grinding cone 205 does not destroy foreign bodies which enter the interior 250 of the grinding cone 205 in the sludge of the grinding cone 205 lead, but can be added due to a spring-loaded bearing 276 , so that a separation of foreign bodies by means of a sieve is not absolutely necessary.

Fig. 5 shows, as lysing a 300 grater profile 305 as a third embodiment of the present inventive SEN Thickening centrifuge. 1 The profile grater 305 has a rotating friction surface 320 and a fixed outer shell 330 . The rotating friction surface 320 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 . According to Fig. 5 sludge direction of the arrow by the screw conveyor 6, as well as rotate the casing 7 into the interior 350 of the profile grater changed beför 305 and exits from an outlet opening 355 in the interim rule of the rotating friction surface 320 and the fixed friction surface 330 gap 370 formed and is squeezed and ground there, so that cells contained in the sludge are lysed due to the high shear forces and the high pressure within the gap 370 , as a result of which their cell content pours into the surrounding medium.

To increase the pressure within the gap 370 , in the example the part 325 of the rotating friction surface 320 facing away from the outlet 395 is more inclined to the outer casing 330 and the part 326 of the rotating friction surface 320 facing the outlet opening 395 is less inclined to the fixed friction surface 330 , so that there is a wider gap 370 in this loading area than on the other side of the outlet opening 355 . This outwardly increasing level generates a considerable pressure increase, which in turn reinforces the lysing effect of the lysing device 300 .

In this embodiment, it is advantageous that prak no leakage problems occur form of the lysing device is easy to build, none Metal friction occurs and the larger particle laterally can dodge, so that usually no additional Sieving measures are required.

FIG. 6 shows a section along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5. According to this embodiment of the lysing device 300 , the profile grater 305 has on its rotating friction surface 320 undulating depressions 363 , which preferably have an angle of attack with respect to the direction of rotation. In the case of example, the width of the gap 370 is approximately 2 mm at its narrowest point and approximately 10 mm at its widest point.

In this embodiment, the slurry is forced to flow through the narrow distance between the fixed friction surface 330 and the rotating friction surface 320 , which has wave-shaped depressions 320 . This creates a high pressure in the gap 370 and so high shear forces arise that membranes and cell walls of the microorganisms, in particular bacteria, tear and their cytoplasm is emptied into the surrounding medium.

FIG. 7 shows, as the lysing device 400, a roller squeezer 405 as the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The rotating part 420 of the roller pinch 405 is in turn connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 , so that it rotates with it. The lysing device 400 is closed to the outside via a fixed part 430 , but has an outlet opening 495 between the rotating part 420 and between the fixed part 430 .

Both the rotating part 420 and the fixed part 430 have recesses 421 and 431 . In the recesses 421 and 431 rolling elements, in the example, rollers 440 are provided. In the example case, the lysing device 400 has two roller sets 441 and 442 .

When the rotating part 420 of the roller pinch 405 rotates, the rollers 440 move in the manner of a roller bearing between the rotating part 420 and the fixed part 430 .

Due to the movement of the shell 7 and the Schneckenförde rers 6 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7, mud occurs at the Zen trifuge outlet 9 of the centrifuge 4 into the interior 450 of the roller press 405 as a lysing device 400 . The organism-containing sewage sludge then passes through the outlet opening 455 between two rollers 440 , so that the rollers 440 in the game between each other detect sludge, roll over and squeeze such that the cells therein are lysed.

The thus crushed and lysed sludge is then transported via the gap 470 further to the next roller set 442 , where it is rolled over and squeezed again by the rotating rollers 440 , so that even more organism cells are destroyed, so that their cell contents become Surrounding medium pours.

The sludge treated with the roller squeezer 405 finally leaves the lysing device 400 at its outlet opening 495 , where the sludge is then further processed as required.

Particular advantages of the present exemplary fourth embodiment of a thickening centrifuge 1 for thickening water sludge from FIG. 7 are based on the fact that different gap widths 470 can be set and different roller sizes can be used, depending on which lysing effect one wishes to achieve, so that by Varying the parameters width of the gap 470 , size of the rollers 440 and number of roller sets 441 , 442 a fine adjustment of the degree of lysing can be achieved.

Of course, it is also possible in FIG. 7 not to show recesses into the surfaces of the rollers 440 , which can be provided both radially and in the direction of the generatrices of the roller cylinders and also with an angle of attack to the direction of rotation.

In Fig. 7a 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 7-7 in FIG. Through a first set of rollers 441 and the exit opening 455th

FIG. 8 shows a pass drum 505 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention as the lysing device 500 .

The passing drum 505 has a rotating part 520 and a fixed part 530 , which are sealed off from one another by means of seals 501 .

Inside 550 of the lysing device 500 are Passierele elements 561 , in the example at different angles to each other.

As in the other embodiments, the rotating part 520 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 .

Due to the movement of the screw conveyor 6 and the casing 7 , sludge is conveyed in the direction of the arrow to the centrifuge outlet 9 and enters the interior 550 of the pass drum 505 through the outlet opening 555 . Mud and microorganisms contained therein, such as bacteria, are squeezed through the narrow gap 570 between the fixed part 530 and the passage elements 561 , where high shear forces arise, so that bacteria and other microorganisms are torn apart by this shear stress and thereby lysed through which they pour their cell contents into the surrounding medium.

The sludge treated in the lysing device 500 emerges at the outlet opening 595 and can be processed further in a suitable form.

Fig. 9 shows a section through the passing drum 505 ge along the line 9-9 in Fig. 8th

Fig. 10 shows, as lysing 600 a cutter 605 as a sixth embodiment of the present device 1 for thickening waste water sludges. The cutting unit 605 has a rotating part 620 which carries cutting elements 661 .

The rotating part 620 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 . The fixed part 630 of the Lysiereinrich device 600 has cutting elements 662 which engage in the cutting elements 661 . In the example, the cutting elements are designed as knives, the knives being arranged both one behind the other and next to one another, an arrangement according to FIG. 12, which represents a section along the line 12-12 in FIG. 10, preferably being arranged on a gap.

The rotating part 620 of the cutting unit 605 is rotated in such a way that the individual cutting elements 661 and 662 do not touch and gaps 670 are formed between them, which can be adjusted as required.

As in the other embodiments, sludge is conveyed from the centrifuge 4 to the centrifuge outlet 9 , which is conveyed into the interior 650 of the lysing device 600 at a speed of approximately 50 m / s.

The sludge from the centrifuge 4 then first hits the inclined surface 651 of the fixed part 630 . As a result of this sludge opening, a large number of the existing cells of microorganisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, have already burst here.

In to intensify the lysing impact on the inclined surface 651 , unevenness can then be added, for example in the form of knives, pens or the like.

The sludge is then passed through channel 652 to the actual cutter 656 . The cutting elements 661 designed as knives rotate in the example case at a circumferential speed of approximately 80 m / s. The sludge is then passed through the gaps 670 between the knives 661 and 662 and in the present case must pass four rows of cutting elements 662 in order to finally reach the sludge outlet 695 .

Due to the rotational speed and the configuration of the cutting device 656 and the cutting elements 661 and 662 , enormous shear forces occur on the microorganisms contained in the sludge, so that most of the microorganism cells contained therein are torn, resulting in an extreme lysing effect of the cutting mechanism 605 , whereby the majority of the cells contained in the sludge is lysed and their cytoplasm pours into the surrounding medium, and forms an excellent nutrient medium for surviving cells, which then leads to increased biogas production and reduced sludge volume.

Fig. 11 shows a section along the lines 11-11 in Fig. 10, from which it can be seen that in the Lysierein direction 600 cutting elements 661 or 662 can be used, the end, in the example a knife end 663 , is issued, that a part of the sludge is fed back to the previous row of knives, which gives it a certain pumping action in the direction of the centrifuge and thereby the shear forces and thus the lysing effect can be increased still further.

At the outlet 695 there is a weir 690 , the height of which allows the dwell time within the cutting device 656 and thus the degree of lysing to be set.

FIG. 12 shows a section along the line 12-12 in FIG. 10, from which it can be seen that the cutting elements 661 and 662 , which are arranged in cutting element or knife rows 641 , are in a gap with one another.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a lysing shows a pin grinder to a 705 700 Thickening centrifuge 1 according to the invention in a seventh embodiment.

Like the other embodiments, the pin grinder is arranged as an integral part of the centrifuge 4 at the centrifuge outlet 9 . The lysing device 700 and in particular the pin grinder 705 has a rotating part 720 and a fixed part 730 . The fixed part 730 is sealed to the outside by seals 701 .

The rotating part 720 is connected to the jacket 7 of the centrifuge 4 . The rotating part 720 of the pin grinder 705 carries a plurality of rows of pins 761 which engage in the gaps formed by pins 762 and which are provided on the fixed part 730 .

In the example, the rotating part 720 and the fixed part 730 each have three rows of pins 741 .

The pin grinder 705 is closed from the outside via a weir 790 and has a sludge outlet 795 .

As in the other embodiments, sludge is conveyed in the arrow direction through the centrifuge 4 to the centrifuge outlet 9 and then enters the interior 750 of the Lysierein direction. The mud is then forced into the spaces 770 between the individual pins 761 and 762 and is subjected to high shear forces by rotating the pins 761 . Similar to the cutting unit 605 of the Lysierein device 600 , large shear forces occur in the pin grinder 705 between the individual pins 761 and 762 or between the individual pin rows 741 , which are able to destroy cells of microorganisms contained in the sludge, so that whose content pours into the surrounding medium.

The sludge treated with the lysing device 700 then emerges at the sludge outlet 795 and can then be processed further as desired.

The residence time of the sludge and thus the degree of lysing can be adjusted by the height of the weir 790 .

In a preferred embodiment of the present pin grinder 705 , the distance between two rows of pins 741 is adjustable, which results in even greater shear forces and thus higher degrees of lysing.

FIG. 14 shows a section along the line 14-14 in FIG. 13.

Particular advantages of the lysing device 700 in the form of a pin grinder 705 are based on the fact that the time is adjustable, the efficiency is easily varied, for example by the number of pins 761 and 762 , and that the individual pins 761 , 762 are easily interchangeable if necessary.

Another advantage is the relatively small space and relatively large tolerances for the individual pins. If necessary, it makes sense to arrange a sieve (not shown in FIG. 13) at the centrifuge outlet 9 or in the inlet of the centrifuge 4 in order to retain larger foreign bodies which could possibly damage the pins 761 and 762 .

In addition to the high shear forces that occur between the 741 rows of pins, the lysing effect is made possible by the impact and breaking of the cells.

The wastewater treatment plant shown in FIG. 15 for using a water clarification process comprises a primary settling basin 802 with an inflow 801 of raw wastewater. A primary sludge 811 is fed into an anaerobic reactor 812 . The waste water from the primary sedimentation tank 802 is fed into an aero be biological activation device 803 , the mixture from the activation device 803 is passed into a clarifier after 804 , where it comes to the separation of the cleaned waste water 805 . Part of the settled activated sludge 806 is pumped back into the activation device 803 with a back-sludge pump 820 as a conveying device. The excess activated sludge 807 is fed into a thickening centrifuge 4 with a lysing device 10 , where sludge thickening and the breakdown of cells of some of the microorganisms occur. A centrate 809 returns to the activation device 803 . The thick sludge is fed into the anaerobic reactor 812 . A reaction mixture 813 from the anaerobic reactor 812 is passed into a thickening or dewatering centrifuge 4 a, where there is dewatering of the stabilized sludge and the breakdown of cells of part of the microorganisms. A centrate 817 returns to the Belebungseinrich device 803 and / or a part thereof is fed to the anaerobic reactor 812 . The dewatered anaerobically stabilized sludge 815 passes through an outlet 818 to a landfill and / or part 816 thereof is returned to the anaerobic reactor 812 .

The part of this system where there is partial destruction of the cells of the microorganisms is composed of a thick centrifuge 4 and the dewatering centrifuge 4 a and / or the sludge pump 820 and the above sludge pump. In the example, a friction grinder 100 with a rotating grinding disc 161 and a fixed grinding disc 162 is provided as the lysing device in the case of centrifuge 4 , while a lysing device 10 in the form of a knife cutting mechanism 605 is provided at the outlet 9 of the centrifuge 4 a.

To prepare the stimulating reagent, it is also possible to use activated sludge on the one hand and anaerobically stabilized sludge on the other hand, either directly from the reactor or from another well-working reactor. In the former case, the excess activated sludge 807 leads into the thickening centrifuge 4 , where, in addition to the sludge thickening, a part of the biomass cells are broken down / lysed in the lysing device, the centrate 809 returning to the activation device 803 and the thickened part 810 in the anaero ben reactor 812 is led to sludge stabilization. In the other case, the anaerobically stabilized sludge 813 is fed into the dewatering centrifuge 4 a, where, in addition to the sludge dewatering, part of the biomass cells are degraded, part of 5 to 30% of the center 817 and / or part of the 5 to 30% dewatered sludge 816 is returned to the anaerobic reactor 812 for sludge stabilization.

That with the thickening centrifuge according to the present Invention carried out in the sewage treatment plant driving is therefore economically more advantageous from the Comparison of use on an industrial scale to the state of the art of separate lysate preparation. In this way it is possible to be aerobic at the same time and stimulate anaerobic biological clarification processes, thereby reducing the amount of sludge to be disposed of and to increase biogas production.

An application of the thickening centrifuge according to the invention has a general impact on their implementation an improvement in a number of technical parameters out. When processing dissolved impurities (anaerobic wastewater treatment), as well as the anaerobic sludge Stabilization leads to the following results: The Lei Capacity of the anaerobic reactors is increased, the degradation orga nical substances is accelerated, the decomposition of organic Substances in the course of the stabilization process become flat if accelerated (with sludge, deepen the anaero ben dismantling, with waste water the possibility of problematic substances, such as B. from various xenobiotics or toxins build), biogas production is increased, production of stabilizing sludge is reduced, the drainage ability of the anaerobically stabilized sludge improved and compared the energy balance of the process to the conventional design is also improved.

example 1

The function and the technical use of the thickening centrifuge according to the invention can be seen in FIG. 15. A thickening centrifuge 4 was used as the main system for the preparation of the stimulating reagent, ie for the degradation or lysis of part of the biomass cells of the excess activated sludge. To determine the amount of released cell lysate, the concentration of the dissolved organic substances, expressed as BOD ₅ in the inlet stream 807 and in the outlet stream 810 from the thickening centrifuge 4, was determined with the following result:

Input stream ( 807 ) BOD _{5 (dissolved)} - 140 mg / l
Concentrate (stream 810 ) BOD _{5 (dissolved)} - 630 mg / l

The tests of methanogenic activity were carried out with input stream 807 and concentrate 810 . The concentrations of the suspended substances were designed in both types of current so that they were the same. Tests were carried out under the same conditions and with the same inoculum concentration. Anaerobically stabilized sludge from an anaerobic reactor was used as the inoculum. The biogas production was determined separately for each electricity and for the mixture of both streams with the same amount of all substances. The biogas production from the same amount of all substances was about 10.1% higher for concentrate 810 than for input stream 807 . The production result for the mixture resulted in an increase of approx. 13.3% and approx. 31.2% compared to the theoretical value depending on the load on the anaerobic inoculum (0.54 and 0.27 g COD / g organic content in one Grams of undissolved substances (loss of ignition). The theoretical value represents the sum of the production gas value of the same amount for each electricity individually.

Example 2

Check the stimulation influence of the cell lysate anaerobic degradation with simple substrates.  

Methanogenic activity tests of anaerobic co-fermentation with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and glucose were carried out. In all cases, the same amount of inoculum was used, one series of experiments was carried out with the addition of thickened excess activated sludge concentrate (stream 810 ) and the other with the addition of the same amount of excess activated sludge entering before centrifugation (stream 807 ). The co-fermentation of the complex materials with simple substrates sometimes leads to an increase in the degradability of some components of the complex substrates. The co-fermentation of the same amount of the examined sludge with glucose showed an increase in the degradability of the incoming sludge by approx. 41.8% and of the concentrate by approx. 51.3% (difference in effect approx. 11.3%). The co-fermentation with formic acid was only positive at approx. 13.5% concentrate (difference in effect approx. 33%).

Claims (41)

1. thickening centrifuge for thickening excess sludge ( 807 ), characterized in that on the thickening centrifuge ( 4 ) at least one lysing device integrated in the thickening centrifuge is provided for breaking up the cells of organisms contained in the sewage sludge. 2. thickening centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickening centrifuge ( 4 ) has a rotating conveyor ( 6 ), in particular a screw conveyor, which conveys the sludge to a sludge outlet ( 9 ), and / or has a rotating jacket ( 7 ) ; and / or that the thickening centrifuge ( 4 ) is a nozzle centrifuge or a nozzle separator. 3. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 2, characterized in that the jacket ( 7 ) and conveyor ( 6 ) rotate at different peripheral speeds. 4. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a friction grinder ( 100 ; 200 ). 5. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 4, characterized in that the friction grinder ( 100 ; 200 ) has at least one grinding disc ( 161 , 162 ) for grinding the sludge and the cells contained therein. 6. thickening centrifuge according to claim 5, characterized in that the grinding disc ( 161 ) with the jacket ( 7 ) of the thickening centrifuge ( 4 ) rotates and moves against a further fixed grinding disc ( 162 ), preferably the distance ( 170 ) between the two grinding discs ( 161 , 162 ) is adjustable, the distance ( 170 ) being approximately in the range from 0.5 to 5 mm. 7. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least one grinding disc on its grinding surface ( 164 , 165 ) has recesses 163 ), in particular grooves, which preferably have an angle of attack relative to the radial direction. 8. thickening centrifuge according to claim 7, characterized in that the grooves of non-recessed areas of the grinding surfaces ( 164 , 165 ) are interrupted so that radial rows of grooves are formed. 9. thickening centrifuge according to claim 8, characterized in that adjacent rows of grooves are arranged on a gap, so that Areas where one row of grooves is interrupted, the neighboring ones There are no breaks in the rows of grooves. 10. thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the thickening centrifuge has a weir ( 190 ) at its sludge outlet. 11. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 4, characterized in that the friction grinder ( 100 ; 200 ) has at least one grinding cone ( 205 ) for grinding the sludge and the cells contained therein. 12. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 11, characterized in that the grinding cone ( 205 ) has a rotating outer cone ( 220 ) with at least one grinding surface ( 261 ) and a preferably fixed inner cone ( 230 ) with at least one counter surface ( 262 ). 13. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 12, characterized in that at least the rotating outer cone ( 220 ) on its grinding surface ( 261 ) has depressions ( 263 ), in particular grooves, wherein the groove width is preferably in the order of the groove depth and the grooves in the direction of the surface lines of the grinding cone ( 205 ) or at an angle of attack thereto. 14. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 13, characterized in that the grooves of non-recessed areas of the grinding surfaces ( 261 , 262 ) are interrupted, so that rows of grooves are formed in the direction of the surface lines. 15. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 14, characterized in that adjacent rows of grooves are arranged on a gap, so that Areas where one row of grooves is interrupted, the neighboring ones There are no breaks in the rows of grooves. 16. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the inner and outer cone ( 230 , 220 ) are arranged at a distance ( 270 ) from one another, the distance ( 270 ) preferably by means of a stop ( 275 ) and springs during rotation or is changeable and adjustable at standstill. 17. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a profile grater ( 305 ). 18. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 17, characterized in that the profile grater ( 305 ) has a fixed outer shell ( 330 ) and a rotating friction surface ( 320 ), the distance ( 370 ) between the outer shell ( 330 ) and the friction surface ( 320 ) being adjustable. 19. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 18, characterized in that the rotating friction surface ( 320 ) has depressions ( 363 ), in particular wave-shaped depressions ( 363 ), the depressions ( 363 ) preferably having an angle of attack to the direction of rotation of the profile grater ( 305 ). 20. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the part ( 326 ) of the friction surface ( 320 ) extending in the direction of the sludge outlet ( 395 ) has a greater inclination in the direction of the wall of the outer casing ( 330 ), that is has a wider gap ( 370 ) than the part ( 325 ) of the friction surface ( 305 ) which extends in the opposite direction. 21. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the sludge feed to the profile grater ( 305 ) is preferably provided centrally. 22. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the distance ( 370 ) between the friction surface ( 320 ) and the outer shell ( 330 ) is a minimum of approximately 2 mm to a maximum of approximately 10 mm. 23. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a roller squeezer ( 405 ). 24. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 23, characterized in that the roller squeezer ( 405 ) has at least one roller set ( 441 , 442 ) which rolls on the inner wall of a preferably fixed outer shell ( 430 ) in the inner circumferential direction of the outer shell ( 430 ). 25. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 24, characterized in that the roller set ( 441 , 442 ) has at least ten rollers. 26. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a passing drum ( 505 ). 27. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 26, characterized in that the pass drum ( 505 ) has a plurality of pass elements which rotate in a fixed outer shell with a preferably adjustable distance ( 570 ) to the inner wall of the outer shell ( 530 ). 28. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a cutting unit ( 605 ). 29. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 28, characterized in that the cutting device ( 605 ) rotating rows of cutting elements ( 641 ), in particular knife rows ( 641 ), fixed cutting elements, in particular knife rows ( 641 ) and a weir ( 690 ) at the sludge outlet ( 695 ), wherein the rows of cutting elements ( 641 ) interlock without touching. 30 thickening centrifuge according to claim 29, characterized in that the distance ( 670 ), the height and the circumferential length of the knives of the fixed and rotating knife rows ( 641 ) is adjustable. 31. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the knives ( 661 , 662 ) rotate at a speed of approximately 50 to 100 m / s, preferably approximately 80 m / s. 32. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that a row of knives ( 641 ) has a plurality of knives ( 661 , 662 ), adjacent rows of knives being arranged on a gap, so that areas on which a row of knives ( 661 , 662 ) is interrupted, the adjacent rows of knives ( 641 ) have no interruption. 33. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the knife ends ( 663 ) have an angle of attack to the direction of rotation of the cutting unit ( 605 ). 34. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that the height of the weir ( 690 ) at the sludge outlet ( 695 ) is adjustable. 35. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lysing device ( 10 ; 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ; 500 ; 600 ; 700 ) is designed as a pin grinder ( 705 ). 36. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 35, characterized in that the pin grinder rotating pin rows ( 761 ; 741 ), fixed pin rows ( 762 ; 741 ) and a weir ( 790 ) at the sludge outlet ( 795 ), wherein the rotating and the fixed pin rows ( 741 ) interlock without touching. 37. Thickening centrifuge according to claim 36, characterized in that the distance ( 770 ) between the fixed and the rotating rows of pins ( 761 , 762 ) is adjustable. 38. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the pins ( 761 ) rotate at a speed of approximately 50 to 100 m / s, preferably approximately 80 m / s. 39. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that the pins ( 761 , 762 ) are arranged such that adjacent rows of pins ( 741 ) are arranged on a gap, so that areas where no pins in a row of pins ( 741 ) are present, the adjacent rows of pins ( 741 ) have pins ( 761 , 762 ). 40. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that the pins ( 761 , 762 ) enclose an angle to the axis of rotation. 41. Thickening centrifuge according to one of claims 35 to 40, characterized in that the height of the weir ( 790 ) at the sludge outlet ( 795 ) is adjustable.